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Journal articles on the topic 'Two wheels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Zhao, Jianwei, Yuanshuang Liu, Yuanyuan Qu, Feng Bian, and Yu Ban. "Model and simulation of four-wheeled robot based on Mecanum wheel." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 08, no. 02 (2016): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962317500155.

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Based on Mecanum wheels and “[Formula: see text]”-shaped planetary wheels, we combine these two kinds of wheels’ respective motion principle with their advantages to design a new type of four-wheeled robot: install the Mecanum wheels at the end of “[Formula: see text]”-shaped planetary wheel group. The wheel designed based on Mecanum wheels and “[Formula: see text]”-shaped planetary wheel can adapt to the complex terrain such as stairs, steps, and at the same time it can achieve the rotation of the whole body in a limited space. This paper studies the adaptability of the four-wheeled robot to

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2

Lan, Guiping, Yujun Wang, Can Fang, and Min Yi. "Novel Design of a Biaxial and Four-Wheeled Robot Capable of Steering." MATEC Web of Conferences 160 (2018): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816006006.

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The paper presents a biaxial and four-wheeled robot, mainly composed of two axle, two circular wheels and two three-leaved wheels. By analyzing the difference between the velocity of the circular wheel and three-leaved wheel in same axle, the steering principle of the difference velocity is proved. The three-leaved wheels are installed by a complementary phase method to ensure the stability of the robot walking. Through the steering principle, the control method of robot’s forward, backward, turn left and turn right is designed. A large number of experimental results show that the robot has th

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3

Sharma, Deepti Mehta, Nitin Choubisa, Pratik Singhal, and Prabhjot Singh. "STEERING INTO THE FUTURE: EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF FOUR-WHEEL CONTROL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Technical Research & Science 9, Spl (2024): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30780/specialissue-iset-2024/032.

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Nowadays, most existing vehicles use the two-wheel steering system to control the movement of the vehicle whether it is a front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, or all-wheel drive. But due to the awareness of safety, four-wheel steering vehicles are being used increasingly, since they are also known for their high performance and stability. In standard two-wheel steering vehicles, the rear wheels do not play any role in association with the steering and follow the path of the front wheels. In four-wheeled steering, the wheels can be rotated either left or right as per the requirements. The rear

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4

Takahashi, Naoki, and Kenichiro Nonaka. "Model Predictive Leg Configuration Control for Leg/Wheel Mobile Robots that Adapts to Changes in Ground Level." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 35, no. 1 (2023): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2023.p0160.

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Leg/wheel mobile robots, which have articulated legs ending in a wheel, can walk on legs as well as drive on wheels by switching between those two motive mechanisms in response to the terrain. However, effective control of the redundant degrees of freedom of leg/wheel mobile robots is complex. In this study, we propose a model predictive controller for leg configuration control that achieves both driving along the ground surface and climbing over a step. The proposed method simultaneously optimizes the robot pose, wheel positions, and joint angles. To consider the kinematic configuration of th

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Podrigalo, Mikhail, Alexandr Polyansky, Yevgen Dubinin, Maxim Krasnokutsky, and Vitaly Lytvyn. "Rational Control of the Turning Dynamics of a Rear-Wheel Drive Vehicle with Motor Wheels." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 2, no. 11(42) (2025): 328–34. https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2025.11(42).2.328-334.

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The study considers the issue of increasing the controllability of wheeled vehicles, proposes to increase the controllability of a rear-wheel drive vehicle with motor wheels when turning by eliminating the nonlinearity of the “zone of insensitivity” type. Proposed to use the calibrated system with two degrees of freedom, with the possibility of using both kinematic and dynamic turning methods. As a result, an equation is obtained that allows organizing the control of turning a rear-wheel drive vehicle with motor wheels in the absence of a nonlinearity of the “zone of insensitivity” type. To re

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6

Wu, BW, QF Qiao, GX Chen, et al. "Effect of the unstable vibration of the disc brake system of high-speed trains on wheel polygonalization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 1 (2019): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719833787.

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This paper conducts a detailed investigation into the formation mechanism of wheel polygonalization in high-speed trains and its influence factors through numerical simulation. A finite element model including two rails, one wheelset, and three disc brake units is set up to study the formation mechanism of wheel polygonalization in high-speed trains based on the point of view of frictional self-excited vibration. Using the finite element complex analysis, the dynamic stability of the wheelset–track–disc brake system is studied. In addition, the influence factors on the wheel polygonalization a

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7

Sun, Zhang Jun, Jing Long Yan, Chao Quan Li, Yue Ju Li, and Chao Di. "Design and Simulation of a Variable Structure Mobile Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.672.

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Combined with the advantages of good protection of global robot, self-equilibrium, easy control of wheeled robot and strong obstacle surmounting ability of turbofan robot, a variable structure mobile robot which has three kinds of basic modalities of global, turbofan and three-wheel is designed. The balancing leg is retracted and the two polymorphic wheels of the robot are closed into a sphere while in the global state, and it could be conveniently threw, carried and make all directional movements on the flat grounds. When confronted with the complicated terrain environments of sand, slopes et

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8

Rajlalan, Agnihotri* &. Ashutosh Dwivedi. "FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR FRONT AXLE OF TWO-WHEELER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 5, no. 1 (2018): 23–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1162480.

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An axle is a shaft for a rotating element like wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported. In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle. For the present study the existing axle material i.e., mild steel grade (300) was replaced by the composite material glass fiber epoxy resin. Further an

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Mr., Sasank Shekhar Panda*, Dibya Narayan Behera Mr., and Satya Narayan Tripathy Mr. "MODELING AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ALLOY WHEEL USING ANSYS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 3 (2016): 467–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47607.

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Wheel spokes are the supports consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim with Carbon Fiber, Magnesium Alloy, Titanium Alloy and Aluminum Alloy. The two main types of motorcycle rims are solid wheels, in which case the rim and spokes are all cast as one unit, usually in Aluminum or magnesium alloys and the other spoke wheels, where the motorcycle rims are laced with spokes which require high spoke tension, since the load is carried by fewer spokes. If a spoke does break, the wheel generally becomes instantly un-ridable also the hub may break. Presently, for high cc bike

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10

Schmucker, U., M. Frank, J. Seifert, P. Hinz, A. Ekkernkamp, and G. Matthes. "Two wheels – too dangerous?" Der Unfallchirurg 111, no. 12 (2008): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00113-008-1522-9.

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11

Liu, Yi Bo, Wei Liu, Xia Huang, and Hai Peng Zhang. "Research on High Performance Vitrified Bond Diamond Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 497 (April 2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.497.83.

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Two kinds of vitrified bonds, bond L (low temperature bond) and bond G (high strength bond), were blended by ball-milling in producing diamond wheels. Proper Sintering techniques were employed by analyzing properties of the wheel through DSC testing and fracture strength. The wheels were applied in machining PDC in comparison with similar product on market. It showed that the blended bond reached its highest fracture strength when bond L amount was about 20wt~24wt%; combination of this two kinds of vitrified bonds would improve the wheel’s comprehensive properties by raising its fracture stren

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12

Luo, Hai, Jiangming Ding, Jiabing Jiang, Lingxun Li, Jie Gong, and Ning Lyu. "Resistance Characteristics and Improvement of a Pump-Jet Propelled Wheeled Amphibious Vehicle." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (2022): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081092.

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Pump-jets have a relatively high propulsion efficiency at medium speed and in heavy-load conditions for wheeled amphibious vehicles. However, the geometry of amphibious vehicles is very special due to the installation requirements of the pump-jet, which results in an obvious resistance on the wheels. In order to reduce the resistance of the amphibious vehicle, the resistance characteristics of the wheels are studied. Regarding a pump-jet-propelled wheeled amphibious vehicle, its wheel resistance characteristics in a wide speed range are firstly analyzed based on experiments and numerical simul

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13

Shiler, Valeriy Viktorovich, Alexander Valeryevich Shiler, Alexander Vasilyevich Smolyaninov, and Konstantin Mikhaylovich Kolyasov. "Influence of peculiarities of block wheelset dynamics on life of axle-box bearings." Transport of the Urals, no. 4 (2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-4-33-38.

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Standard (typical) wheelset is a direct connection of an axle and two wheels. Wheels have tread surface that provides rounding a curve and centering (winding movement) on tangent track. The authors propose a new design of a wheelset, in which functions of holding and directing the wheelset (flange) are separated from wheel (support wheel) tread surface. Such a wheelset has a row of advantages in comparison with a typical design. The paper proposes a method for a comparative assessment of life of twin cylindrical axle-box bearings in block and standard designs of wheelsets of freight cars. It i

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14

Laubach, V. P., V. V. Gerashchenko, and N. A. Kovalenko. "The device for automatic locking of inter-wheel differential of wheeled tractor." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 7 (2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66306.

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The efficient operation of the wheeled tractor is largely determined by such operating property as permeability. To increase it, the automatic interlock differential locking systems are used, which block it only when the wheeled tractor turns, and in case of rectilinear motion the differential is in the unlocked state. This reduces the permeability of the wheeled tractor in severe road conditions with its rectilinear movement. The authors propose an automatic device for locking and unlocking an inter-wheel differential operating on the basis of a generalized information parameter-the differenc

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15

Darji, Bhavin Sanjay, Shubham Viju Dhodi, Shashank Suni Jadhav, Ibrahim Akram Khan, and M. A. Gulbarga. "Craby Steering System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 2618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41851.

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Abstract: In present the car steering system is 2 wheel steering system and in conventional steering system there are only two wheels are moving while taking the turn , either forward two or the rear two wheels . While in 4 wheel steering system the rear and front both wheels are act +ive and can guide in steering. Here we using MARUTI-800 car as a reference model. We have developed a optimized 4 wheel steering system for implementation of mechanism that can give the work in changing in-phase and counter-phase steering of rear wheels depending upon the condition of turning and lane changing wi

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16

Kalchenko, Volodymyr, Vitalіі Kalchenko, Antonina Kolohoida, Olga Kalchenko, and Dmytro Kalchenko. "Building a model of the process of shaping tapered calibrating areas of wheels at the two-sided grinding of round ends." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 1 (116) (2022): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.253660.

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This paper reports the spatial modeling of the dressing process of grinding wheels with a conical calibration area to enable two-sided end grinding of cylindrical parts. Components with cylindrical end surfaces are common in the industry, for example, bearing rollers, crosses, piston fingers, and others. High requirements are put forward for the accuracy and quality of the end surfaces. The most efficient is to machine them simultaneously on a double-sided face grinding machine. To improve the quality, grinding is carried out by oriented wheels. The wheel’s angle of rotation in the vertical pl

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17

Shi, Yan, Miao Li, Weihua Ma, and Kang Chen. "Dynamic of Friction Coupling Independently Rotating Wheels for High Speed." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7456598.

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A new lateral coupling structure with independently rotating wheels (IRW) is proposed, and longitudinal creepage is obtained by replacing the gear pair with the friction pair to synchronize the rotation speed of left and right wheels. The auxiliary wheelset made up of two friction wheels can be placed either under the primary suspension or on the frame. Vehicles dynamics models with three different kinds of bogies are developed, including friction coupling bogie with independently rotating wheels (FCIRW-bogie), bogie with independently rotating wheels (IRW-bogie), and bogie with rigid wheelset

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18

Bruzzone, Luca, Pietro Fanghella, and Giuseppe Quaglia. "Experimental Performance Assessment of Mantis 2, Hybrid Leg-Wheel Mobile Robot." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 3 (2017): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0396.

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Mantis 2 is a small-scale leg-wheel ground mobile robot, designed for exploration, surveillance and inspection tasks in unstructured environments. It is equipped with two actuated front wheels, two passive rear wheels, and two rotating legs with praying Mantis profile, specially conceived for step and obstacle climbing. Locomotion is purely wheeled on regular surfaces, with high energetic efficiency and maneuverability, and with stable camera vision. In case of obstacles or terrain irregularities, the rotating legs increase the motion capability. The main innovation of the second version is th

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19

Mishra, Swati, Mukesh Sharma, and Santhakumar Mohan. "Behavioural Fault tolerant control of an Omni directional Mobile Robot with Four mecanum Wheels." Defence Science Journal 69, no. 4 (2019): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.13607.

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This paper analyses the four-mecanum wheeled drive mobile robot wheels configurations that will give near desired performance with one fault and two faults for both set-point control and trajectory-tracking (circular profile) using kinematic motion control scheme within the tolerance limit. For one fault the system remains in its full actuation capabilities and gives the desired performance with the same control scheme. In case of two-fault wheels all combinations of faulty wheels have been considered using the same control scheme. Some configurations give desired performance within the tolera

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20

Cui, Dabin, Boyang An, Paul Allen, et al. "Effect of the turning characteristics of underfloor wheel lathes on the evolution of wheel polygonisation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 5 (2018): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718795760.

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During both running and wheel cut operations, wheels of railway vehicles and the friction rollers that support and drive the wheelset on a typical wheel cut lathe are subject to wear and hence are likely to develop out-of-round characteristics after sustained use. The resulting out-of-round wheels can significantly affect the ride quality and can potentially increase the incidence of fatigue-related component failures due to the resulting higher intensity loading cycles. Furthermore, the corresponding out-of-round characteristics of the lathe's friction rollers will continue to degrade the sub

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21

Mateichyk, Vasyl, Anatolii Soltus, Eduard Klimov, et al. "Study of the Influence of the Two-Drive-Axle Bogie Parameters on the Three-Axle Vehicle Handling." Machines 13, no. 5 (2025): 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13050394.

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The presence of a bogie in three-axle vehicles when moving along a curved trajectory leads to deterioration in its handling and maneuverability. The paper developed a mathematical model of the elastic bogie wheel while moving along a curvilinear trajectory, according to which the bogie wheel simultaneously participates in curvilinear and plane-parallel motion with a slip angle. Such movement of the bogie wheels develops significant lateral and longitudinal forces on the steered wheels, which leads to the movement of the steered wheels with slip, redistribution of the load on them, tire twistin

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Rosenblat, Grigory, Vladimir Tishkin, and Vladimir Yashin. "Model of Carriage Movement on Plane with Dry Friction Forces." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 08 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i07.14551.

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Wheel slip model is an important aspect of vehicle driving stability and safety control. However, in most of the carriage movement models friction forces and wheel slip effect are being neglected. This paper raises the problem of wheel slip in dangerous driving and autonomous vehicles under critical driving modes, then tasks the modeling of movement of an individual vehicle is considered. These are two tasks of nonholonomic mechanics: 1) the movement of a wheelset without wheel slip (two disks freely mounted on an axis) along an inclined plane in the field of gravity, and 2) the movement of a

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Haga, Toshio, Masanari Daishi, Hisaki Watari, and Shinichi Nishida. "Thin Wire Casting Using Twin Wheel Caster Equipped with Horizontal Wheels." Materials Science Forum 1066 (July 13, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-y78gtx.

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solidification, process shortening and energy saving. A twin-wheel caster equipped with two additional horizontal wheels was proposed to cast thin aluminum alloy wire at higher speed. In the proposed twin-wheel caster, a groove was machined on the lower wheel. Two small horizontal wheels were positioned between the molten-metal-pouring launder and the upper wheel to assist the solidification of poured molten metal and to prevent burr formation. The alignment of the horizontal wheel sensitively affected the occurrence of wire defects. An Al-1.2%Fe wire with a cross section of 6.2 mm2 was cast a

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Liu, Yanjie, Yanlong Wei, Chao Wang, and Heng Wu. "Trajectory Optimization for Adaptive Deformed Wheels to Overcome Steps Using an Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and an Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization." Mathematics 12, no. 13 (2024): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12132077.

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Two-wheeled mobile robots with deformed wheels face low stability when climbing steps, and their success rate in overcoming steps is affected by the trajectory. To address these challenges, we propose an improved hybrid genetic and adaptive particle swarm optimization (HGAPSO) algorithm to optimize the deformed wheels’ trajectory for overcoming steps. HGAPSO optimizes the maximum and minimum values of the inertial weight and learning factors of the adaptive particle swarm algorithm utilizing the region-wide search capabilities of the genetic algorithm, which substantially improves the converge

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Quaglia, Giuseppe, Daniela Maffiodo, and Francesco Pescarmona. "A Novel Continuous Alternate Motion Mechanism With Two Input Wheels." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 8 (2006): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2735638.

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This paper presents the design of a mechanism with the following specifications: continuous alternate motion, wide motion phases with constant angular velocity, parallel input and output shafts, and great strokes. Those specifications derive from a possible application in the textile field. The mechanism is composed of two star wheels properly coupled together: there are two counter-rotating input wheels, alternately coupling with slots first, then teeth at each side of the output wheel. As usual for star wheels, pins and slots handle the acceleration and deceleration phases, while the constan

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Podryhalo, M., R. Kaidalov, and V. Omelchenko. "Rational choice of torques distribution between the front and back electric motors of automobile wheels drive." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1277, no. 1 (2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1277/1/012023.

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Abstract Two-axle all-wheel drive automobiles and the procedure for determining the torques between the front and back driving wheels are considered. The influence of the distribution of torques between the front and back driving wheels of all-wheel drive two-axle automobiles on their controllability, stability and energy efficiency is analyzed. A study was conducted to improve the energy efficiency of two-axle automobiles by rationally choosing the torque distribution coefficient between the front and back wheels. A mathematical model of the efficiency ratio of the wheel drive of a two-axle a

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27

Phan, Tai Tan, Ha Thanh Ngo, and Banh Thanh Huynh. "APPLICATION OF PID METHOD TO CONTROL TRACTION ON THE VEHICLES THROUGH CONTROLLING THE BRAKE MOMENT AT THE TWO DRIVING WHEELS." TRA VINH UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE; ISSN: 2815-6072; E-ISSN: 2815-6099 1, no. 46 (2022): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/tvujs.1.46.2022.864.

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A vehicle differential is a device that divides engine power between the two driving wheels and allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds when the vehicle moves on the road. The speed difference depends mainly on the grip between the wheels and the road surface. When the traction acting on both driving wheels is equal,the differential will distribute traction equally, helping the vehicle move stably on a straight road. However, if one of the two driving wheels rolls on a slippery road, the differential will distribute more engine power to this wheel. As a result, the vehicle’s motion is

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28

Klets, Dmytro, Yevhen Dubinin, Evhenyi Pelypenko, and Vladislava Baidala. "DETERMINATION OF THE PARTIAL ACCELERATION OF A TWO–AXLE VEHICLE WITH ALL–HANDLED WHEELS." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI». Series: Automobile and Tractor Construction, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-6840.2021.1.02.

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The proposed method allows evaluating an automobile handling with or without accounting withdrawal, with various types of drive wheels and various steering wheels using partial acceleration. Determination of lateral and tangential reactions on automobile tire while turning in view tire slip allows more accurate evaluating of automobile maneuverability, stability and handling. Determination of vehicle total and partial angular accelerations during its driving into rotation with and without accounting withdrawal allows developing an vehicles handling improving algorithm with different tire types

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Jatsun, S. F., V. V. Bartenev, E. N. Politov, and D. V. Afonin. "MODELING THE MOTION OF THE ROBOT-TRACTOR FOR TRANSPORTING AIRCRAFT ON THE AIRFIELD." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 2 (2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-2-34-43.

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Towing aircraft ensures the effective functioning of the modern airport, including the military. In military aviation at alarm efficiency and coherence of work of tow trucks is the extremely important task. The article is devoted to solving the actual problem of automation of the process of towing aircraft on the territory of airfields. The paper describes the design of a three-wheeled mobile robot with two independent driving wheels, designed for the transportation of aircraft at airports. The driving wheels are located behind the center of mass, which ensures stable straight-line movement of

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Wada, Masayoshi. "A 4WD Omnidirectional Wheelchair with Enhanced Step Climbing Capability." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 6 (2008): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0846.

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In developing an omnidirectional wheelchair tilted to climb single high steps, we enhanced standard step climbing by introducing a four-wheel drive (4WD). One pair of front and back wheels is connected by transmission belts to rotate in unison with a drive motor, i.e., synchrodrive transmission. To avoid wheel slippage as the mechanism turns, two omniwheels are installed in front and two regular tires in back, enabling the front wheels to slide freely sideways while the two back wheels continuously contact the ground. A third motor on the 4WD platform rotates the chair at the center of the mob

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Choi, B. J., S. V. Sreenivasan, and P. W. Davis. "Two Wheels Connected by an Unactuated Variable Length Axle on Uneven Ground: Kinematic Modeling and Experiments." Journal of Mechanical Design 121, no. 2 (1999): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829449.

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It has been shown in previous work that when two wheels independently joined by a fixed-length axle are placed on an uneven surface, such that the line joining the wheel contact points is not coplanar with the axle, rolling without slip is possible only if the wheels are driven at the same speed. Otherwise, the wheels must slip against the terrain due to kinematic constraints. Based on analytical kinematics, it is shown in this article that a method to prevent slip on uneven terrain is to use a variable length axle. This research explores the instantaneous and gross motion of two wheels joined

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Bachiri, Hassane, Brahim Gasbaoui, Abdelkader Ghezouani, and Nouria Nair. "Improved direct torque control strategy performances of electric vehicles induction motor." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 2 (2022): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp716-723.

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<p>A three-wheeled electric scooter (3WES) with two control techniques is modeled and simulated in this study. The conventional direct torque control (C-DTC) and the DTC based on a neural network artificial multi layers (ANN-DTC). The objective is to assess the traction system's response to the control approach. by 3WES taking into account the dynamics of the scooter, the range and the energy consumption of the battery. The 3WES was simulated numerically using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, which is powered 1.5 kW by two induction motors integrated into the rear wheels. Where the refer

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Idkham, M., M. Dhafir, Safrizal, and L. Putri. "Functional and performance test of modified lug wheel on two wheels tractor with pivot type trailer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 922, no. 1 (2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/922/1/012016.

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Abstract Palm oil fields with slopes require special wheels for transportation for transporting fresh fruit bunches (FFB), the special wheels in question are modified wheels from the existing cage wheel, the modified wheels can adjust the slope conditions on the land with the lug angle adjustment mechanism. The objective of this study was to test the functional and performance of the modified lug wheel as a means of transporting FFB on sloping land using a hand tractor on a pivot type trailer. Functional testing on the modified lug wheel was carried out by observing changes in the angle of the

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Markov, D. P. "Tribology of rail bogie." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 4 (2018): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-4-230-240.

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Railway bogie is the basic element that determines the force, kinematic, power and other parameters of the rolling stock, and its movement in the railway track has not been studied enough. Classical calculation of the kinematic and dynamic parameters of the bogie's motion with the determination of the position of its center of rotation, the instantaneous axes of rotation of wheelsets, the magnitudes and directions of all forces present a difficult problem even in quasi-static theory. The paper shows a simplified method that allows one to explain, within the limits of one article, the main kine

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Xiao, Jun, Xin Cheng, Rong Fang, and Jian Bin Han. "The Technology of Positional Detection in Automatic Wheelset Assembly Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.595.

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This paper introduces a kind of position measurement and control systems in automatic wheelset assembly machine. This system adopts direct close-loop position control in the process of pressing and real time monitor position of wheel and axle with high accuracy. Compared with traditional wheelset assembly machine, it can improve production efficiency and ensure the quality of pressing through control the distance between backs of wheel flange and the position difference of two wheels accurately.

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Horvath, Hanna Zsofia, and Denes Takacs. "MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF ROCKING SUITCASES." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 18 (October 23, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2018.18.0061.

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The rocking motion of two-wheeled suitcases is investigated. A rigid body mechanical model of the suitcase is constructed. All of the possible motion states (both wheels on the ground, one wheel on the ground, none of the wheels on the ground) are taken into account. The switching between the motion states is accomplished by a simple impact model. The motion of the suitcase is investigated through numerical simulations, furthermore the domain of the attraction of the stable rectilinear motion is identified. The model is partly validated by experiments.

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Dai, Qiu Lian, Can Bin Luo, and Cui Jiao Liao. "Experimental Study on Porous Metal Bonded Diamond Grinding Wheels (II) ─ Grinding Performance of Porous Wheels." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.48.

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In this paper, two metal-bonded diamond wheels with different porosity were fabricated. The porosity of diamond wheel without additives of pore inducers is 7% and the wheel with pore inducers is 38%. Grinding experiments with these two grinding wheels on marbles were carried out under different grinding conditions. Experimental results revealed that highly porous grinding wheel has smaller grinding forces and better self-sharpening ability than the compact grinding wheel under the same grinding conditions.

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Cunningham, Michael. "“Two Wheels Bad”?" Transfers 8, no. 2 (2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2018.080202.

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The Youth Hostels Association (YHA) was founded to provide cheap accommodation for rural holidays. It catered to both walkers and cyclists. However, many perceived the organization as one that favored walkers and considered walking to be a superior form of travel. This perception is examined through the study of four areas; the dispositions and statements of leading figures, the literature of the YHA, the press response to its formation, and the policy interventions of the YHA. Despite this, the YHA had close institutional links with cycling organizations and many cyclists among its members. T

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McGowan, R. "Two wheels good." Engineering & Technology 5, no. 3 (2010): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2010.0314.

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Kupryashkin, Vladimir F., Aleksandr S. Ulanov, Michail G. Shlyapnikov, Aleksandr Yu Gusev, and Vladimir I. Slavkin. "Experimental Stand Movable Module for Determining the Traction-Linked Properties of Wheel Engines and the Results of Laboratory Researches for Determining the Traction Force of Two-Wheel Tractors." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 1 (2021): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202101.143-160.

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Introduction. Farmers make extensive use of two-wheel tractors equipped with traction and drive interchangeable units. Two-wheel tractors are required to move evenly with minimal slip of the drive wheels on the soil. The tractive force on the drive wheels of the tillage unit is the decisive power factor in this case. An objective traction force value can be measured only by carrying out experimental studies. Materials and Methods. To determine the traction force on the drive wheels of the twowheel tractor, the design of the experimental stand was proposed and substantiated (RF patent for usefu

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Sobirin, Muhammad, Ardhi Fathonisyam P.N, and Mokh Hairul Bahri. "DESAIN DAN ANALISIS VELG CAST WHEEL TIPE MT DAN WM DENGAN VARIASI SPOKE MENGGUNAKAN MATERIAL ALUMUNIUM ALLOY TIPE 7050-T7651 DAN 7075-T6 (SN)." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 14, no. 1 (2025): 74. https://doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v14i1.15139.

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The automotive industry is growing rapidly. Produce changes, especially in the level of Safety and comfort. Vehicle manufacturers are competing to improve the quality of the components used in these vehicles. One aspect of Safety and comfort is the Safety and comfort of the vehicle's wheels, in addition to an attractive wheel design. Therefore, the material used on the wheels is high-quality, with precise calculations and correct designs. Vehicle wheels are one of the main components in vehicles because vehicles without wheels cannot run. There are two kinds of wheels: spoke wheels (spoke whee

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Bednarikova, Vendula, David Jech, Lenka Klakurková, Ladislav Čelko, and Daniel Holemý. "Structure and Properties of Bakelite Bonded Grinding Wheels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.139.

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The composition of each grinding wheel depends on the specific application, and nowadays, there are many types of grinding wheels on the market. Bakelite bonded grinding wheels are fast becoming the standard choice for grinding and finishing processes in automotive, aerospace and other special fields of industry. Increasing requirements on higher quality and lifetime push manufacture to continuous research and development in this field. From that reason, it is necessary to characterize the structure and properties of already produced commercial grinding tools. In this contribution, two in chem

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Do, Duc Trung, Xuan Thinh Hoang, and Dang Ha Le. "Improving the Efficiency of Grinding Process Using the Rubber-Pasted Grinding Wheel." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 72, no. 1 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0003.

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Abstract This paper studies the efficiency improvement of AISI 4140 steel external cylindrical grinding process. Experiments were carried out with two types of grinding wheels, a conventional and the rubber-pasted grinding wheels. With each type of the wheel, nine experiments were performed. Cooling fluid, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut are variables in the experiments. Two outcomes used to evaluate grinding efficiency are surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR). Experimental results demonstrate that the surface roughness achieved in the grinding operation using the rubber

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Lepeshkin, A. V. "Mathematical model of operation of an active two-axle four-wheel carriage with equalizing beam suspension in steady rectilinear motion on deformable bearing surface." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 2-1 (2013): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68204.

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The proposed mathematical model is derived from the known dependences defining interaction of an elastic wheel with deformable bearing surface, considering differences determining the conditions of the second axle wheels rolling moving in the tracks of the front axle wheels. The mathematical model allows by certain vertical load on the carriage, longitudinal velocity and angular velocity of the wheels to determine the longitudinal force component transmitted to the vehicle frame and the total torque realized by the carriage wheels on interaction with the supporting surface.

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Bu, Yongjian, Lide Dun, Yongtao Deng, Bingdong Jiang, Aihua Jiang, and Haifei Zhu. "Development of a Bicycle-like Magnetic-Wheeled Climbing Robot with Adaptive Plane-Transition Capabilities." Machines 13, no. 2 (2025): 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13020167.

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Although robots are increasingly expected to perform inspection tasks in three-dimensional ferromagnetic structural environments, magnetic-wheeled climbing robots face significant challenges in overcoming obstacles and transiting between planes. In this paper, we propose a novel bicycle-like magnetic-wheeled climbing robot, named BiMagBot, featuring two magnetic wheels that allow the adaptive adjustment of magnetic adhesion without the need for active control. The front wheel incorporates an arc tentacle mechanism that rotates a ring magnet to adjust the magnetic adhesion, while the rear wheel

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Jin, Zhu Ji, Ze Wei Yuan, Ren Ke Kang, and B. X. Dong. "Study on Two Kinds of Grinding Wheels for Dynamic Friction Polishing of CVD Diamond Film." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.217.

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This paper investigates two kinds of grinding wheels prepared by the combination of mechanical alloy and hot-press sintering (MA-HPS). Scanning electro microscopy, Optical microscope, Talysurf surface profiler, X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize two kinds of grinding wheels and identify the removal mechanism. It was found that FeNiCr matrix-TiC (FMT) grinding wheel yielded higher removal rate than TiAl abrasiveless carbophile (TAC) grinding wheel, which conversely owned good polishing quality; diamond was removed by transformation diamond to non-diamond carbons

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Nguyen, Phong-Luu, Van-Dong-Hai Nguyen, Minh-Phuoc Cu, et al. "PID Controller for Balancing One-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot." Robotica & Management 27, no. 1 (2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rm.2022.1.5.

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One-wheeled self-balancing robot is a high-order SIMO system. It is developed from bicycle balancing and two-wheeled self-balancing robot by using only one wheel instead of two wheels. In this paper, we consider this model as two combined SIMO systems. Thence, a PID control structure is designed to balance this model not falling on a plane. Simulations are shown to prove again the ability of PID controllers in balancing this robot is two directions. Besides, we present a hardware platform of one-wheel self-balancing robot. Through the real model, PID control algorithm is proved to balance this

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Didmanidze, Otari, Alexandr Lavrov, Roman Fedotkin, et al. "Modeling of the curvilinear motion of a vehicle with all steer wheels." E3S Web of Conferences 583 (2024): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202458305013.

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Developed simulation model of the curvilinear motion of the two-axial wheel carrier with all steer wheels. The model includes the motion of the wheel carrier’s center of mass with respect to the moving coordinate system, the matrix of the directional cosines for the transition from a moving to the fixed coordinate system, the bearing and running module for the determination of the reactions in the flat spot of the wheel tire with the bearing surface area, and the mechanism for turning steer wheels. The aim is to study vehicle steerability and dexterity of the two-axial wheel carrier with all s

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Six, Klaus, Tomislav Mihalj, Gerald Trummer, et al. "Assessment of running gear performance in relation to rolling contact fatigue of wheels and rails based on stochastic simulations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 4 (2019): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719879600.

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In this work, the authors present a methodology for assessing running gear with respect to rolling contact fatigue of wheels and rails. This assessment is based on the wheel/rail contact data of different wheel profile wear states obtained from a wheel profile prediction methodology. The approach allows a cumulative assessment of the rolling contact fatigue of rails in different curve radii (e.g. the sum of damage over the lifetime of wheel profiles). Furthermore, the assessment of the rolling contact fatigue can be undertaken at different wear states of the wheel profiles to provide an insigh

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Selvam, Christy, Jayakrishana Sai Kadali, Siddharth Bhosale, and Prof Sanjay Narayankar. "Development of Electric Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (2022): 1247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48183.

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Abstract: India is the second largest producer of two wheels in the world. It is ranked third behind Japan and China in terms of production of two wheels and domestic sales. India's two-wheeler industry has grown rapidly over the years. The two-wheeler business is about to enter a new era as the automotive industry has undergone a radical change with the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies. In India's two- wheeler industry, electricity, not petrol, diesel, or any other petrol, has caused a revolution. Electric bicycles and scooters are popular ways of personal travel in developed count

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