Journal articles: 'Type 430 ferritic stainless steel'

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Oliveira, A. M. C., R. C. Paredes, W. C. Godoi, and A. P. Vaz. "Duplex stainless steel of type UNS S32101 and ferritic stainless steel of type AISI 430 subjected to cathodic hydrogenation." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, `11 (November 21, 2020): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i11.ms01.

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This work presents a study on the duplex stainless steel UNS S32101 and ferritic AISI 430 when subjected to cathodic hydrogenation, to ascertain their behavior under the action of hydrogen. Throughout the research, with the aid of optical (MO), scanning electronics (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopy, both hydrogen embrittlement and pitting corrosion after hydrogenation and degassing in UNS S32101 duplex stainless steel became evident. Subsequently, the X-ray diffraction performed to verify the phase transformations confirmed the transformation of the austenitic phase into the martensitic phase in the duplex steel and confirmed the formation of Cr23C6 precipitates in the ferritic steel. And so, it corroborated with the SEM images, proving the transformation of σ-phase agent of pitting corrosion in duplex steel.

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Tanure, Leandro Paulo de Almeida Reis, Cláudio Moreira de Alcântara, Tarcísio Reis de Oliveira, Dagoberto Brandão Santos, and Berenice Mendonça Gonzalez. "Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of the Ferritic Stainless Steels ASTM 430 Stabilized with Niobium and ASTM 439 Stabilized with Niobium and Titanium." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1651.

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The use of Ferritic Stainless Steels has become indispensable due its lower cost and the possibility to replace austenitic stainless steels in many applications. In this study, cold rolled sheets of two stabilized ferritic stainless steels with 85% thickness reduction were annealed by applying a heating rate of 24 oC/s and a soaking time of 24 s. The niobium stabilized ferritic stainless steel type ASTM 430 (430Nb) was annealed at 880 oC while the niobium and titanium bi-stabilized steel ASTM 439 was annealed at 925 oC. The annealed samples were tensile tested and due to the smaller grain size, steel 430Nb, showed a higher yield stress and a higher total elongation. Concerning drawability the steel ASTM 439 presented a better performance with higher average R-value, lower planar anisotropy coefficient and a greater value for Limit Drawing Ratio (LDR). These results are explained in terms of the differences in size and volume fraction of precipitates between the two steels.

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Kisko, Anna P., Pasi P. Suikkanen, C. Isaac Garcia, K. Cho, M. Hua, L. Pentti Karjalainen, and Anthony J. DeArdo. "Simulation of Line Annealing of Type 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.437.

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The annealing behavior of cold rolled Type 430 ferritic stainless steel is the subject of this paper. The steel was cold rolled 79%, then heated at 6 °C/s to the soaking temperature of 841 °C, which is just below the Ae1temperature. During heating, specimens were quenched from selected temperatures between 650 and 841 °C and after various times at 841 °C. These quenched samples underwent metallographic examination and micro-hardness determination. The results indicated that under the prevailing experimental conditions, the hardness appeared to correlate strongly with the extent of recrystallization. The kinetics of recrystallization appeared to originate in the cold worked state, where three kinds of grain were found: (i) smooth elongated, featureless of α-fiber orientation {001}<100>; (ii) irregular fishbone grains of the γ-fiber orientations {111}<112> plus {111}<110>; and (iii) twisted grains of the η-fiber orientation {001}<100>. It was found that the twisted grains of the η-fiber were the first to recrystallize, with the fishbone grains of the γ-fiber second, and the smooth elongated, featureless grains of the α-fiber last. It was found that the grains of the α-fiber orientation {001}<100> and the η-fiber orientation {001}<100> were replaced with grains of the γ-fiber orientations as recrystallization progressed. These results are discussed in terms of recrystallization and texture development.

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Zang, Shu Jun, Juan Juan Li, Xiao Qiang Yin, and Jian Bin Zhang. "Microstructure Observation of the Tensile Fractured 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.228.

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The article studies on sections microstructure of 430ferritic stainless steel after tension, the tensile temperatures are the 1073K, 1173K, 1223K, 1273K, 1323K and 1423K. The transverse sections (vertical tensile direction) of fractured specimens microstructure of 430ferritic stainless steel were observed and compared with those of longitudinal sections (parallel tensile direction). Moreover, we compare microstructure of transverse section specimens with the salt water-cooled condition and air-cooled condition. The optical micrograph of fractured tensile specimens of 430stainless steel after cooling to room temperature indicated that the volume fraction of the martensite is gradually increased and then declined from 1073K to 1423K. At 1223K, the martensite content is highest. At 1423K, martensite is sharply reduced and disappeared, the microstructure of 430ferritic stainless steel is almost all of ferrite and grain boundary obviously observed. Due to tensile deformation, the morphology of martensite is massive in the transverse section specimens. Whereas, the strip-type morphology of martensite was observed in the longitudinal section specimens. The cooling rate impact on the microstructure was also discussed.

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Juuti, Timo J., Timo Manninen, and David Porter. "Influence of Cooling Rate on Free Interstitial Concentration in Type 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.111.

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In ferritic steels, the amount of free C and N should be as low as possible to avoid the formation of Cottrell atmospheres and their associated discontinuous yielding and Lüders bands during forming. During the post-annealing cooling of ferritic stainless steel, carbides and nitrides of the type MX and M23C6precipitate. The volume fraction of the precipitates is determined by chemical composition, microstructure and the cooling path. In some cases, precipitation might not be sufficient to remove all free interstitials from the matrix, in which case, the process parameters or composition of the steel should be reconsidered. Here, thermodynamic and kinetic calculations using Thermo-calc and TC Prisma software have been made to investigate the precipitation of C and N as a function of total interstitial content and cooling rate. According to the calculations, decreasing the cooling rate would result in a more efficient precipitation and hence, less free C and N in the matrix, but the amount is not sufficient to remove the upper yield point. Furthermore, changing the C and N content of the steel was found to have insignificant influence. However, the free C and N could possible be bound through a more complex cooling.

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Jaskari, Matias, Antti Järvenpää, and L. Pentti Karjalainen. "The Effect of Heating Rate and Temperature on Microstructure and R-Value of Type 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.364.

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Typical applications of ferritic stainless steels require good formability of a steel that is highly dependent on the processing route. In this study, the effects of heating rate and peak temperature on the texture and formability of a 78% cold-rolled unstabilized 17%Cr (AISI 430) ferritic stainless steel were studied. The cold-rolled sheet pieces were heated in a Gleeble 3800 simulator at the heating rates of 25 °C/s and 500 °C/s up to various peak temperatures below 950 °C for 10 s holding before the final cooling at 35 °C/s to room temperature. Microstructures were characterized and the texture of the annealed samples determined by the electron backscatter diffraction method. The R-value in various directions was determined by tensile straining to 15%. It was established that the high heating rate of 500 °C/s tends to promote the nucleation of grains with the {111}<uvw> orientations during the early state of the recrystallization. The higher heating rate led to a slightly finer grain size and to a marginal improvement in the intensity of the gamma-fibre texture. A coarser grain size would be beneficial for the formability, but the grain growth was suppressed due to low peak temperatures and a short soaking time. Anyhow, the fast annealing resulted in an enhanced R-value in the transverse to rolling direction. The results indicate that even a short annealing cycle is plausible for producing ferritic stainless steels with the formability properties comparable to those of commercial counterparts.

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Li, Jing Yuan, Sumio Sugiyama, and Jun Yanagimoto. "Microstructural Evolution and Deformation Behavior of Stainless Steel in Semi-Solid State." Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (October 2006): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.681.

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Thixoforming or Semi-Solid Metal Forming offers many advantages in comparison with casting and conventional forging. The purpose of the present study is to provide the basic microstructure and deformation data for austenitic and ferritic stainless steel under mushy state. As well known, the stainless steels solidify in different modes according to the different chemical compositions. In this paper, microstructural evolution of austenitic stainless steel type 304 which solidifies in FA mode ( L → L +δ → L +δ +γ →δ +γ →γ ),austenitic stainless steel type 310S which solidifies in A mode ( L → L +γ →γ ), and ferritic stainless steel type 430 which solidifies in F mode ( L → L +δ →δ )are investigated during partial remelting by way of SIMA (Strain Induced Melted Activation). The results show that A and F mode of stainless steels melt directly at the grain boundary without phase transformation during reheating. A banded structure, originating from the primary dendritic segregation of the original ingots, is observed in type 310S steel during further heating. On the other hand, a perfect globular and insegregative two-phase semi-solid structure L +δ can be obtained while heated beyond the banded three-phase L +δ +γ semi-solid state in FA mode austenitic stainless steel type 304. This spheroidization can be attributed to the peritectic reaction occurred in the L +δ +γ semi-solid state. In addition, simple compression tests of these alloys in semi-solid state for varied combination of deformation rate and deformation temperature are conducted to examine the deformation behavior of stainless steel. Flow stress curves exhibit abrupt change in various alloys, even though in the same alloy such as type 304, various flow stresses are observed according to the difference in inner microstructure or morphology. Stress of type 310S steel shows the most reduction as the deformation temperature increasing at the same strain rate condition. The Liquid is centralized to periphery by the compression force in all deformed test pieces. Fracture, observed in all alloys except type 304 steel in globular L +δ semi-solid state, should be resulted from the lack of liquid in L +δ +γ state of type 304 steel and solidification crack in type 310S and type 430 steel. Deformation of solid particles occurs only in L +δ +γ state of type 304 steel. Last in this paper, various deformation mechanisms are proposed for various microstructures.

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Bervian, A., Matias Angelis Korb, I. D. Savaris, G. A. Ludwig, L. S. Barreto, G. Gauthier, and Célia de Fraga Malfatti. "Phases Obtained from Heat Treatment of Mn-Co-Based Coatings Deposited by Dip Coating." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.323.

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Studies have been performed to improve the oxidation resistance of ferritic stainless steels at high temperatures because these materials have been proposed for the manufacture of interconnectors for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) operating at intermediate temperatures (IT-SOFCs). Among the coatings employed, ceramic spinel-type oxides have been the most frequently applied. In this context, Mn-Co-based coatings were deposited on ferritic stainless steel (AISI 430) in this study using a dip-coating technique. The obtained coatings were characterized with respect to their morphology by SEM, their elementary composition by EDS and their structure by XRD. It was possible to produce continuous and adherent Mn-Co-based coatings on the surface of the metallic substrates.

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Onsekiz, Murat, and Yahya Altunpak. "Effect of Electrode Materials Type on Resistance Spot Welding of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 31 (July 2017): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.31.53.

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In this study, AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel sheet with 0.6 mm thickness was joined by resistance spot welding using different electrode materials. The effects of electrode materials and welding parameters on the mechanical properties of welded samples are defined in terms of peak load. The hardness and tensile shear load bearing capacity of welded joint was determined and the microstructure of welded samples was also evaluated. The most suitable welding parameters for each electrode material were determined.

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10

Nishimura, R. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel in Chloride and Sulfate Solutions." CORROSION 48, no. 11 (November 1992): 882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3315889.

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Rajamurugan, G., and P. Mahendiran. "Experimental Investigation of Parameters and its Effect on IGC Attack in Ferritic Stainless Steel 430 Weldments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 854 (October 2016): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.854.10.

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Corrosion is a natural occurring phenomenon which exists as a part of our everyday life. Generally stainless steel is having good corrosion resistance which undergo some specific type of corrosion. Corrosion problem in stainless steel has a huge economic and environmental impact on virtually all facts of world’s infrastructure, from highways, bridges, and buildings to oil and gas, chemical processing, and finally it play an ever increasing role in the largest industry in the world is food industry and automotive industry. The corrosion problem is quite costly and it has no easy solution so large amount of money is utilized to analyse the corrosion damage and also to replace the corroded components. The focus of this paper is to investigate the intergranular corrosion studies of industrially important stainless steel of AISI 430 by two different corrosive solutions were 40% Nitric acid (ASTM-A262-Practice C) and copper – copper sulphate 50% Sulphuric acid (ASTM-A262-Practice E) of Gas tungsten Arc welded Metal which were weighted and immersed in test solutions. After immersion, these weldments were removed, washed, and then weighted to determine the weight loss. The analysis of experimental data obtained on intergranular corrosion and the micrographs by Scanning Electron microscope were carefully analysed, monitored, and revealed to study the behaviour of intergranular corrosion of AISI 430, Stainless steel weldments.

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TAKINO, Kohei, Masayuki AKITA, Yoshihiko UEMATSU, Toshifumi KAKIUCHI, Masaki NAKAJIMA, Yuki NAKAMURA, and Yukio AGATA. "PS28 Effect of Weld Metal on Fatigue Strength in Type 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Welds." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2013 (2013): _PS28–1_—_PS28–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2013._ps28-1_.

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Malta, Paula Oliveira, Iane Dutra Moutinho, Davi Silva Alves, Aline Vasconcelos Ferreira, and Dagoberto Brandão Santos. "Recrystallization Kinetics and Texture Evolution of Nb Stabilized Ferritic 430 Stainless Steel Cold Rolled and Isothermal Annealed." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1656.

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The ferritic stainless steel type 430 stabilized with Nb, with and without annealing after hot rolling, was cold rolled and subjected to isothermal annealing at temperatures 650, 700 and 750°C for times ranging between 10 to 86400 s. The recrystallization kinetics was evaluated by JMAK model through microhardness measurements and KAM and GOS parameters. The Avrami exponent data indicate the occurrence of an unidimensional grain growth due only to high angle boundaries migration, with values ranging between 0.9 and 1.2. The nucleation rate and grain growth decreased continuously with time. The evolution of the texture was analyzed via EBSD analysis by ODF maps. The steel recrystallization is based on combination of ON and SG theories, due to presence of {111}<121>, {554}<225> and {111}<112> related to γ fiber. The rotated cube component, feature of the hot rolled steel, decreased with annealing time.

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Suyanta, Suyanta, Subagiyo Subagiyo, Syamsul Hadi, and Zahratul Jannah. "Pengaruh Media Pendingin Terhadap Kekerasan Baja Tahan Karat Martensitik Type 431 Pada Proses Hardening dan Tempering." Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2018): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v1i02.17.

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Stainless steels consist of several types such as Austenitic, Ferritic and Martensitic, Martensitic is one of the stainless steels that has a hardenability property, so it is suitable to be used as cutting tool components which require high hardness and corrosion resistance . The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the hardness of stainless steel martensitic type of hardening results with variations of cooling media. Methods of research used were experiments, ie hardening process by heating the material up to 1100oC temperature, held for 30 minutes, then cooled quickly on water, oil and the air, then heated back to 400oC temperature, cooled slowly, the results tested the hardness of Rockwell C method The results showed the type of stainless steel type martensitic 431 increased significantly after the Hardening process of 21.20 HRC before hardening, and after the hardening process to 47 , 6 HRC with water cooling, 47.9 HRC with oil cooling medium and 46.5 HRC for air cooling media, hardness after tempering down ranges from 6-7 HRC to 41.7 HRC for hardening with water cooling medium 41, 2HRC hardening results with oil cooling medium, and 40,4HRC un tuk hardening results with air conditioning medium.

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Rodrigues, Daniella Gomes, Tarcísio Reis Oliveira, Dogoberto Brandão Santos, and Berenice Mendonça Gonzalez. "Influence of Annealing Heating Rate on Nb Ferritic Stainless Steel Microstructure and Texture." Materials Science Forum 753 (March 2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.753.217.

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The cold rolled band of the niobium stabilized type ASTM 430 ferritic stainless steel with 85 % thickness reduction was annealed with heating rates of 0.10, 6.8, 23.5 and 41.5 °C/s and a soaking time of 24 s. The changes in microstructure and texture were followed by interruptions in the annealing cycle at temperatures of 780, 830 and 880 °C. Annealing at the lower heating rate was more effective for the development of γ-fiber than the annealing performed with high heating rate. The increased rate of heating provided an increase in the onset recrystallization temperature, a reduction in average grain diameter and a more homogeneous distribution throughout the thickness. The specimens with higher volume fraction of the γ-fiber annealed with low heating rate showed a high average coefficient of anisotropy R =1.99.

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Hamada, Jun-ichi, Yoshinori Matsumoto, Fumio Fudanoki, and Shigeru Maeda. "Effect of Initial Solidified Structure on Ridging Phenomenon and Texture in Type 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheets." ISIJ International 43, no. 12 (2003): 1989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.43.1989.

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AKITA, Masayuki, Yoshihiko UEMATSU, Toshifumi KAKIUCHI, Masaki NAKAJIMA, Yuki NAKAMURA, Yukio AGATA, and Kohei TAKINO. "G0310803 Joint microstructures and fatigue behavior of ferritic stainless steel type 430 welds with different weld metals." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2014 (2014): _G0310803——_G0310803—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2014._g0310803-.

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Wang, Jun’an, Yongchong Chen, Liangjian Luo, Jichang Chen, and Ying He. "Influence of Cold Rolling on the Recrystallization Texture and Ridging of AISI 430 Type Ferritic Stainless Steel." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30, no. 5 (April 5, 2021): 3342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05690-8.

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Akita, Masayuki, Yoshihiko Uematsu, Toshifumi Kakiuchi, Masaki Nakajima, Yukio Agata, and Kohei Takino. "OS8-23 Joint Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Ferritic Stainless Steel Type 430 Welds with Different Filler Metals(Joining,OS8 Fatigue and fracture mechanics,STRENGTH OF MATERIALS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.133.

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Brochu, Myriam, Takeshi Yokota, and Susumu Satoh. "Analysis of Grain Colonies in Type 430 Ferritic Stainless Steels by Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD)." ISIJ International 37, no. 9 (1997): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.37.872.

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Jia, Tao, Run Ni, Hanle Wang, Jicheng Shen, and Zhaodong Wang. "Investigation on the Formation of Cr-Rich Precipitates at the Interphase Boundary in Type 430 Stainless Steel Based on Austenite–Ferrite Transformation Kinetics." Metals 9, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101045.

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The Cr-rich precipitates at the interphase boundary in stainless steels not only lead to the sensitization, which further induces the intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking, but also significantly deteriorate the ductility and toughness. In this work, the formation of Cr-rich precipitates at the interphase boundary in type 430 stainless steel was investigated from the perspective of austenite–ferrite transformation kinetics. Cyclic heat treatment was firstly conducted to reveal the kinetic mode of transformation behavior, i.e., local equilibrium or para equilibrium. Subsequently, interrupted quenching during continuous cooling was carried out, which illustrated clearly the relevance of the formation of interphase Cr-rich precipitates to the Cr enrichment adjacent to the interphase boundary as revealed by line scanning of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, this enrichment of Cr was interpreted by DICTRA simulation, which is based on the determined kinetic mode for austenite–ferrite transformation. This work has, for the first time, established the correlation between the formation of interphase Cr-rich precipitates and the austenite–ferrite transformation kinetics.

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Negi, B. S. "Case Studies on Field Repairs of Stainless Steel Components in Refinery." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.375.

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Stainless steels (SS) possess excellent corrosion, creep and high temperature oxidation resistance and are invariably used in refinery for construction of heater tubes, tube supports, Heat exchanger bundles, piping and internal lining of pressure vessels. Ferritic stainless steel type 405 is used for column strip-lining, martensitic stainless steel type 410 is used for column trays and heater tubes and austenitic stainless steel family is used very extensively for lining, piping, heat exchanger, heater tubes and tube supports. On-stream and turnaround condition monitoring of plant and equipment are carried out for health assessment and mitigation of premature failure. However, catastrophic failures of stainless steel due to stress corrosion cracking, thermal fatigue and stress relaxation cracking are encountered in addition to bulging and cracking of strip-lining. Field repairs of these components are required to be done. Stainless steels are difficult to weld due to low thermal conductivity, higher coefficient of thermal expansion, fissuring and solidification cracking problem during welding. Lower heat input and fast cooling facilitate the welding process. Welding of service exposed stainless steels is more challenging, as it has already undergone metallurgical degradation. Welding of stainless steels is carried out using TIG and SMAW process with matching electrode after establishing the welding specification procedures and welders qualification. Field repairs of stainless steels components are also attempted with original procedures and in case of difficulties, a buttering layer of inconel (ERNiCr3) or ER 309Mo is provided on the welding surface before using matching electrodes. Quality assurance of weld joint is ensured by stage-wise inspection and non-destructive testing. Dye penetrant test of root run and radiographic examination of final weld joint are most common. Post weld heat treatment is done as per code requirement. This Paper highlights three case studies on field repairs of stainless steel components in refinery. 1. Welding procedure followed for repair of bulged and cracked SS 316 strip-lining and cladding on carbon steel backing material. It is a dissimilar welding of SS 316L with degraded carbon steel. 2. Field welding of SS 347 Piping components, which has undergone thermal relaxation cracking at fillet joints. 3. Welding repair of SS 310 cast heater tube support conforming to A 297 Gr HK 40. The Paper also presents brief failure analysis with reasons and remedies.

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Madhusudhan Reddy, G., and Adula Rajasekhar. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 16Cr-2Ni Stainless Steel Fusion and Solid State Welds-Influence of Post Weld Treatments." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.289.

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Many critical applications in chemical equipment, aircraft and ordinance demand a material of construction with high strength and good corrosion resistance. Frequently the strength requirement exceeds that obtainable with austenitic or ferritic stainless steel and it is necessary to use one of the martensitic stainless steels. Since martensitic stainless steels are structural materials, weldability has been an important consideration in their development. AISI 431 is one of the most potentially attractive steels in this class used extensively for parts requiring a combination of high tensile strength, good toughness and corrosion resistance. Although this material has been used for many years, little information is available on the welding behavior of these steels. Further, data on electron beam (EB) welding and solid state welding process like friction welding are scarce. The lack of knowledge constitutes a potential drawback to the more widespread use of these steels. Hence, a study has been taken up to develop an understanding on the electron beam welding and friction welding aspects of martensitic stainless steel type AISI 431. Various kinds of post weld heat treatments (PWHT) were investigated to determine their influence on microstructure and mechanical properties. Weld center in EB welding resulted a cast structure consists of dendritic structure with ferrite network in a matrix of un-tempered martensite. In friction welding, the weld center exhibited thermo-mechanical effected structure consists of fine intragranular acicular martensite in equiaxed prior austenite grains. In both the welding processes, post weld tempering treatment resulted in coarsening of the martensite which increases with increase in tempering temperature. In the as-weld condition, welds exhibited high strength and hardness and poor impact toughness. Increase in impact toughness and decrease in strength and hardness is observed with an increase in tempering temperature. The hardness of EB welds increased with increase in the austenitizing temperature up to 1100 °C and a marginal decrease thereafter was observed. Double austenitization after double tempering resulted in optical mechanical properties i.e., strength, hardness and toughness.

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Zhou, Yiqi, and Dirk Lars Engelberg. "On the Application of Bipolar Electrochemistry to Characterise the Localised Corrosion Behaviour of Type 420 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Metals 10, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060794.

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Bipolar electrochemistry has been applied to Type 420 ferritic stainless steel in order to determine the full spectrum of anodic-to-cathodic polarisation behaviour. The occurrence of crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion in combination with general corrosion, pitting corrosion only, general corrosion only, followed by a cathodic region has been observed. Instances of pitting corrosion initiated near chromium-rich carbides with Cr23C6, Cr3C2, and Cr7C3 identified as pit nucleation sites. The observed pit growth kinetics were independent of the electrochemical over-potential. Characterisation of the pit size distributions supports the presence of a critical dissolved volume for the transition of metastable to stable pit growth and pit coalescence.

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Weber, Sebastian, Mauro Martin, and Werner Theisen. "Development of Lean Alloyed Austenitic Stainless Steels with Reduced Tendency to Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1041.

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Hydrogen gas is believed to play a more important role for energy supply in future instationary and mobile applications. In most cases, metallic materials are embrittled when hydrogen atoms are dissolved interstitially into their lattice. Concerning steels, in particular the ductility of ferritic grades is degraded in the presence of hydrogen. In contrast, austenitic steels usually show a lower tendency to hydrogen embrittlement. However, the so-called “metastable” austenitic steels are prone to hydrogen environmental embrittlement (HEE), too. Here, AISI 304 type austenitic steel was tensile tested in air at ambient pressure and in a 400 bar hydrogen gas atmosphere at room temperature. The screening of different alloys in the compositional range of the AISI 304 standard was performed with the ambition to optimize alloying for hydrogen applications. The results of the mechanical tests reveal the influence of the alloying elements Cr, Ni, Mn and Si on HEE. Besides nickel, a positive influence of silicon and chromium was found. Experimental results are supported by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations concerning austenite stability and stacking fault energy. All in all, the results of this work are useful for alloy design for hydrogen applications. A concept for a lean alloyed austenitic stainless steel is finally presented.

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Kumar, Ashish, and Kuntal Maji. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Deposition of Stainless Steel in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2021100103.

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This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations on wire arc additive manufacturing for deposition of 430L ferritic stainless steel. Finite element analysis was used to predict temperature distribution for deposition of multiple layers in wire arc additive manufacturing. The transient temperature distribution and predicted by finite element simulation was in good agreement with the experimental results. A wall type structure was fabricated by deposition of multiple layers vertically, and deposited material was characterized by tensile testing and microstructure study. The microstructure of the deposited wall structure was investigated through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS. The microstructure of deposited material was changed from fine cellular grains structure to columnar dendrites structure with the formation of secondary arm. It was found that the YS, UTS, and EL of the deposition direction were better than the build direction. The mechanical properties of the WAAM manufactured material was found comparable to that of the wire metal.

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Tanure, Leandro, Cláudio Moreira de Alcântara, Dagoberto Brandão Santos, Tarcísio Reis de Oliveira, Berenice Mendonça Gonzalez, and Kim Verbeken. "Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior during recrystallization annealing of Nb-stabilized type ASTM 430 and Nb-Ti-stabilized ASTM 439 ferritic stainless steels." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 8, no. 5 (September 2019): 4048–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.07.015.

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Nishimura, Rokuro, and Yasuaki Maeda. "Metal dissolution and maximum stress during SCC process of ferritic (type 430) and austenitic (type 304 and type 316) stainless steels in acidic chloride solutions under constant applied stress." Corrosion Science 46, no. 3 (March 2004): 755–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2003.07.002.

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Shimizu, Tetsuya, Tomotaka Nagashima, Takeshi Koga, and Michio Okabe. "Influence of Mn/S on the Outgas Property and the Machinability of Type 430F and Development of a New Free-machining Ferritic Stainless Steel for HDD Components." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 70, no. 3 (1999): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.70.197.

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Peltz, Jefferson da Silva, Leonardo Marasca Antonini, Sandra Raquel Kunst, Gustavo Alberto Ludwig, Luciana Taís Fuhr, and Celia de Fraga Malfatti. "Effect of Application of the Shot Peening Process in the Corrosion Resistance of the AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.365.

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Stainless steels are materials used in specific applications where a good corrosion resistance property combined with high material mechanical resistance are required. The shot peening process has been used in order to improve the mechanical properties of metallic surfaces. Besides, it might has influence on the material electrochemical behavior, depending of the used parameters in the operational process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the shot peening process in the corrosion resistance of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel. Wettability test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization curves have been used in order to evaluate the behavior of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel after the shot peening process. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of shot peening on the surface properties of ferritic stainless steel AISI 430 and correlate them with the reactivity of the surface. The results showed that the shot peening process, contributes to avoid the localized corrosion resistance of the AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel.

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Buono, V. T. L., B. M. Gonzalez, and M. S. Andrade. "Strain aging of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel." Scripta Materialia 38, no. 2 (December 1997): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(97)00497-1.

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Zhang, Jian Bin, Dong Mei Yu, Shao Rui Niu, and Gen Shun Ji. "Investigation on Hot Deformation Behavior of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.82.

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The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of 430 ferritic stainless steel (430 FSS) were investigated within the temperature range of 950°C~1150°C at the strain rate of 0.01 s-1, 0.1 s-1, and 1.0 s-1using a thermo-mechanical simulator. The effects of temperature and strain rate on the flow behavior and microstructures of 430 ferritic stainless steel at reduction ratio 50 % were analyzed. Results indicated that the apparent stress exponent and the apparent activation energy of the steel were about 1.08 and 344 kJ/mol, respectively. The hot deformation equation of 430 was considered as. There was a relationship between the softening mechanism and Zener-Hollomon parameter (abbreviated Z). With the Z value increasing from 4.30×1010to 5.00×1014, the hot deformation peak stress correspondingly increased from 10.74 MPa to 76.02MPa.

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Tsujimura, Hiroyuki, Takuya Goto, and Yasuhiko Ito. "Electrochemical surface nitriding of SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 355, no. 1-2 (August 2003): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(03)00097-2.

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Ma, Xiaoguang, Jingwei Zhao, Wei Du, Xin Zhang, Laizhu Jiang, and Zhengyi Jiang. "An analysis of ridging of ferritic stainless steel 430." Materials Science and Engineering: A 685 (February 2017): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.021.

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Brandao, W. S., V. T. L. Bueno, P. V. Marques, and P. J. Modenesi. "Avoiding problems when welding AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel." Welding International 6, no. 9 (January 1992): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119209548271.

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Kim, Sung-Il, and Yeon-Chul Yoo. "Continuous dynamic recrystallization of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel." Metals and Materials International 8, no. 1 (February 2002): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03027023.

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Huang, Xun Zeng, Si Yue Chen, Xin Zhang, and Yi Tao Yang. "Effect of Heat Treatment Processes on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb-Ti-Stabilized 430 Stainless Steel Plate." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.240.

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In this research, influence of annealing process on microstructure and mechanical performance of Nb-Ti-stabilized 430 ferritic stainless steel were investigated. In order to obtain the optimal annealing process, metallographic observation, SEM detection and tensile test were carried out. It is found that the microscopic structure is composed of fine and uniform isometric recrystallization grain after annealing. Optimum microstructure and mechanical properties can be achieved while annealed at 950 °Cfor 90 seconds. The annealed sample can obtain the optimum microstructure and mechanical properties under such annealing process. The yield platform is eliminated and the average plastic strain ratio is further improved to 1.269, which reflected a well deep drawability of the Nb-Ti-stabilized 430 ferritic stainless steel compared to SUS 430 stainless steel.

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Mészáros, István. "Complex Magnetic Investigation of Ferritic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.231.

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Magnetic Barkhausen noise measurement (MBN) is a relatively new non-destructive detection technique. Its working principle is based on Barkhausen discontinuities or noise when a ferromagnetic material is subjected to a varying magnetic field. MBN is being used to characterise the stress state of a ferritic stainless steel (AISI 430). Other magnetic parameters such as saturation induction (BMax), remnant induction (BR), coercive field (HC) and maximal relative permeability (PMax) derived from the hysteresis loop have also been used to support the results achieved using MBN. Microstructural changes due to cold working and heat treatments were characterized by the applied magnetic measurements. The MBN technique was proved to be a useful non-destructive and quantitative method for microstuctural investigation of the investigated ferritic stainless steel.

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Liu, Xiao, and Jing Long Liang. "Thermodynamic Analysis and Observation of Inclusions in Ferritic Stainless Steel with Rare Earth." Advanced Materials Research 662 (February 2013): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.662.441.

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The effect of RE on modifying inclusions of 430 ferrite stainless steel was studied by metallographic examination, SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 430 ferrite stainless steel. The result shows that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES.

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Zhang, Jian Bin, Dong Mei Yu, Shao Rui Niu, and Gen Shun Ji. "Flow Behavior of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.77.

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The tensile test of casting ferritic stainless steel was conducted on SHIMADZU AG-10 at different temperatures of 300, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 950°C, respectively. The engineering stress-strain curves with the thermal deformation at the different temperatures, the tensile strength and elongation curves were obtained. Metallographic test samples were prepared and the morphology of deforming zone was observed by optical microscopy. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength of the test samples decreased with increasing temperature. From 300 to 500°C, the work hardening occurred and the tensile strength increased with increasing engineering strain. The softening occurred and the tensile strength decreased with increasing engineering strain at temperatures from 600 to 950°C. The strength of 430 stainless steel decreased, and the plasticity increased with the increase in temperature. The fractures were basically intergranular fractures within the range of 300~950°C. A transition occurred to the form of fracture from the ductile to the brittle, which might be related to the nitrogen atom in the 430. Grain deformation along specimen tensile direction concentrated in the necking region, where appeared banded structure in martensite. The organization at the edge of the sample was fine, while the organization at the central region was coarser.

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Bacelis, Ángel, Lucien Veleva, Sebastián Feliu, Marina Cabrini, and Sergio Lorenzi. "Corrosion Activity of Carbon Steel B450C and Low Chromium Ferritic Stainless Steel 430 in Cement Extract Solution." Buildings 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060220.

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This study compares corrosion activities of carbon steel B450C and SS 430 (Mn in low content) exposed for 30 days in cement extract solution. Iron oxide and hydroxide were formed as corrosion products, in addition to CaCO3, in the presence of Cr2O3 on SS 430. Because of the decrease in pH, B450C lost the passive state when OCP shifted to negative values, while SS 430 showed positive OCP values, maintaining its passive state. The SEM images confirmed that the corrosion attack on the surface was less aggressive for SS 430. The Nyquist plots of EIS initially showed capacitive behavior and later changed to semi-linear diffusion impedance, which SS 430 maintained firmly. The phase angle Bode diagrams confirmed these changes. Two equivalent circuits were applied. The calculated values of Rp for SS 430 increased over time (protective passive layer mainly of Cr2O3 oxide), while for carbon steel, Rp reached maximum value after 168 h and then decreased, maintaining minimum values approximately five orders lower than those of the stainless steel.

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Chan, W. K., C. T. Kwok, and K. H. Lo. "Mechanical Properties and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Laser-Surface Melted AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020140.

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In the present study, the feasibility of laser surface melting (LSM) of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel to minimize hydrogen embrittlement (HE) was investigated. LSM of AISI 430 steel was successfully achieved by a 2.3-kW high power diode laser (HPDL) with scanning speeds of 60 mm/s and 80 mm/s (the samples are designated as V60 and V80, respectively) at a power of 2 kW. To investigate the HE effect on the AISI 430 steel without and with LSM, hydrogen was introduced into specimens by cathodic charging in 0.1 M NaOH solution under galvanostatic conditions at a current density of 30 mA/cm2 and 25 °C. Detail microstructural analysis was performed and the correlation of microstructure with HE was evaluated. By electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, the austenite contents for the laser-surface melted specimens V60 and V80 are found to be 0.6 and 1.9 wt%, respectively. The amount of retained austenite in LSM specimens was reduced with lower laser scanning speed. The surface microhardness of the laser-surface melted AISI 430 steel (~280 HV0.2) is found to be increased by 56% as compared with that of the substrate (~180 HV0.2) because of the presence of martensite. The degree of embrittlement caused by hydrogen for the charged and non-charged AISI 430 steel was obtained using slow-strain-rate tensile (SSRT) test in air at a strain rate of 3 × 10−5 s−1. After hydrogen pre-charging, the ductility of as-received AISI 430 steel was reduced from 0.44 to 0.25 while the laser-surface melted AISI 430 steel showed similar tensile properties as the as-received one. After LSM, the value of HE susceptibility Iδ decreases from 43.2% to 38.9% and 38.2% for V60 and V80, respectively, due to the presence of martensite.

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Tadepalli, Lakshmi Deepak, Ananda Mithra Gosala, Lokesh Kondamuru, Sai Chandra Bairi, A. Anitha Lakshmi, and Ram Subbiah. "Assessment of Properties on AISI430 Ferritic Stainless Steel by Nitriding process." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401020.

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AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel is well known for its good corrosion resistance applicable for high resistance to pitting and stresses. But it lacks in its wear resistance and hardness in order to improve the mechanical properties of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless-Steel materials Nitriding Heat Treatment is chosen in this project. The samples are taken in the form of cylindrical shapes with diameter 10mm and length 40mm respectively. The specimen is subjected 4 numbers being the highest treated to saturated limit. One specimen is kept as untreated for comparison purpose. Wear test will be carried out under constant speed and with variable load by pin on disk wear testing apparatus. Finally, all the specimens are subjected to various metallographic tests like SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDAX (X-ray Despresive Analysis) or XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and the results are compared.

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Siqueira, Rodrigo P., Hugo Ricardo Zschommler Sandim, and Tarcisio R. Oliveira. "Recrystallization of Coarse-Grained Nb-Containing AISI-430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3009.

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Ferritic stainless steels (FSSs) have excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. Applications include heaters, houseware, and automotive exhaust systems. Alloying, even in small amounts, affects the recrystallization behavior of FSSs by selective dragging or pinning effects. In the present study, we present the main results regarding the recrystallization of a coarse-grained Nb-containing AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel. The material was processed by hot rolling and further annealed at 1250oC for 2 h to promote secondary recrystallization. Following, the material was cold rolled to a 80% reduction in thickness and annealed at 400-1000oC for 15 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to characterize the microstructure. Recrystallization of this steel begins at 700oC. Important orientation effects were observed in both as-rolled and annealed conditions. Recrystallization kinetics was strongly dependent on the initial orientation of the coarse grains. Results show that grain boundaries, transition bands and coarse Nb(C,N) particles are preferential sites for nucleation at moderate annealing temperatures.

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Satyanarayana, V. V., G. Madhusudhan Reddy, T. Mohandas, and G. Venkata Rao. "Continuous drive friction welding studies on AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 8, no. 3 (June 2003): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217103225010925.

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Eskandari, F., M. Atapour, M. A. Golozar, B. Sadeghi, and P. Cavaliere. "Corrosion behavior of friction stir processed AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel." Materials Research Express 6, no. 8 (May 8, 2019): 086532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab17ab.

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47

Saravanan, P., S. Srikanth, S. Sisodia, and K. Ravi. "Investigation into the Incidence of Severe Rusting and Pitting Corrosion in Imported Hot-Rolled AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Coils." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.618.

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Metallurgical investigations were directed to probe into the incidence of inordinate rusting and pitting in imported AISI 430 grade hot-rolled ferritic stainless steel sheet coils. Visual examination, electron microprobe analyses (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) were concomitantly employed to investigate the problem. Studies revealed that the unprecedented degree of corrosion in ferritic stainless steel coils, during the short span of shipment time, was attributable to the ingress of sea water and its retention within the tight folds/ wraps of the steel coils during their shipment. The abundance of moisture and chloride (from the entrapped saline electrolyte) on the steel surface together with depleted O2 supply within the tight folds are presumed to have created conditions akin to an actively-corroding crevice, by way of passive film instability and its eventual breakdown on the stainless steel surface. As a consequence, the coils are believed to have suffered an accelerated and intensified chloride-induced corrosion attack and damage within the short span of shipment time. The investigations also revealed that the corrosive conditions were further exacerbated by the vulnerability and susceptibility of ferritic stainless steel to intergranular corrosion (IGC) due to its inherent sensitized condition. The paper thus throws light on an unusual precedent of chloride-induced corrosion in ferritic stainless steel and highlights the investigative metallographic work and corrosion failure analysis that led to above revelations.

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Ludwig, Gustavo Alberto, Matias Angelis Korb, A. Bervian, C. P. Bergmann, and Célia de Fraga Malfatti. "Formation of Spinel from Fe-Ni Coating Electrodeposited on AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.328.

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Ferritic stainless steels exhibit properties, such as good electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance and low cost, that are beneficial for their application as interconnects in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (ITSOFC) that function at temperatures between 600°C and 800°C. However, the stainless steel corrosion resistance is attributed to the amount of Cr, which is an element that forms a chromium oxide (Cr2O3) layer, acts as an oxidation protective barrier at high temperatures, and reduces the interconnector performance due to its low electrical conductivity. In this context, the objective of this work was to obtain spinel coatings from the Fe and Ni metallic alloy thermal conversion on AISI stainless steel 430 substrate produced by electrodeposition. The morphology and microstructure of the spinel films deposited on stainless steel were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and adherence analysis. The results obtained showed that the films were adherent, dense and continuous along the AISI stainless steel 430 substrate surface. In addition, the heat treatment procedure effectively produced crystalline spinels ((NiFe)3O4).

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An, Jae-Young, Suk Min Han, Young Jae Kwon, and Yeon Chul Yoo. "Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel by Hot Torsion Deformation." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.145.

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The high temperature deformation behavior of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel has been studied over a temperature range of 800 to 1000°C and strain rate of 0.05-5.0/sec. The evolution of flow stress and microstructures showed the characteristics of continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). The flow stress curves gradually decreased with increasing strain over the peak stress until 500% of strain without any steady state shown in typical austenitic stainless steel. Sub-grains of low angle firstly formed along the original high angle grain boundary were propagated into the inside of original grain and transformed to high angle. The CDRX grain sizes of AISI 430 deformed at 1000 °C and 0.5/sec was about 30-35㎛.

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Raj Kumar, R., and Surendra Patle. "Development of Heat Treatment Parameters to Enhance HAZ Impact Toughness of SS 430 Material." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.214.

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Pressure Housing, used in the Grid Mechanisms Motor, is manufactured from ferritic stainless steel, SS430 bar of 120mm diameter. The application demands an alternative non-magnetic and magnetic material (austenitic and ferritic) on the outside. This is manufactured by making longitudinal machined slots on the outside surface of SS430 bar which is ferritic and magnetic and the machined slots are filled up by depositing SS347 which is an austenitic and non-magnetic stainless steel material. In order to weld SS430 # SS430 with SS347, welding procedure was to be qualified as per ASME Sec IX with additional requirements of impact specimens from weld and HAZ at temperature +20°C, microstructure examination and intergranular corrosion test as per ASTM A763 Pr.Z. It was the first time, SS430 # SS430 welding procedure qualification with SS347 was to be carried out as no earlier cases required this qualification. SS430 ferritic stainless steel bar exhibits stringers of ferrite and martensite and in cases of stingers of two phase structures like duplex stainless steel, it has been reported that the transverse impact properties drops to half to two-third the longitudinal values. In the welded coupon, the impact property on the HAZ was located in the transverse direction and extremely difficult to meet the requirements. Welding qualification with impact requirement in transverse direction in HAZ was a challenging task and this paper addresses the issues encountered and the work carried out in literature study on the metallurgy, heat treatment and experimental trials to meet the specification requirement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Type 430 ferritic stainless steel'

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