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Journal articles on the topic 'Type IV filaments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ching, GY, and RK Liem. "Assembly of type IV neuronal intermediate filaments in nonneuronal cells in the absence of preexisting cytoplasmic intermediate filaments." Journal of Cell Biology 122, no. 6 (1993): 1323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.6.1323.

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We report here on the in vivo assembly of alpha-internexin, a type IV neuronal intermediate filament protein, in transfected cultured cells, comparing its assembly properties with those of the neurofilament triplet proteins (NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H). Like the neurofilament triplet proteins, alpha-internexin coassembles with vimentin into filaments. To study the assembly characteristics of these proteins in the absence of a preexisting filament network, transient transfection experiments were performed with a non-neuronal cell line lacking cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. The results showed tha

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Couturier, Marc Roger, and Markus Stein. "Helicobacter pylori produces unique filaments upon host contact in vitro." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 7 (2008): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-042.

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Helicobacter pylori exists in 2 distinct morphological states, helicoid and coccoid. Both have been observed in in vitro culture and in gastric biopsies. We visualized H. pylori during AGS cell infections using immunofluorescence microscopy. Anti-H. pylori mouse serum as well as human serum from H. pylori-positive patients recognized long, thin bacterial filaments, which formed on helicoids and more frequently on coccoids. These filaments reached lengths of 59 μm and often connected bacteria. Periodate oxidation abolished antibody recognition, suggesting that carbohydrates compose a major anti

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Goosens, Vivianne J., Andreas Busch, Michaella Georgiadou, et al. "Reconstitution of a minimal machinery capable of assembling periplasmic type IV pili." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 25 (2017): E4978—E4986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618539114.

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Type IV pili (Tfp), which are key virulence factors in many bacterial pathogens, define a large group of multipurpose filamentous nanomachines widespread in Bacteria and Archaea. Tfp biogenesis is a complex multistep process, which relies on macromolecular assemblies composed of 15 conserved proteins in model gram-negative species. To improve our limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms of filament assembly, we have used a synthetic biology approach to reconstitute, in a nonnative heterologous host, a minimal machinery capable of building Tfp. Here we show that eight synthetic genes a

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Kraljic, Katarina, Christopher Duckworth, Rita Tojeiro, et al. "SDSS-IV MaNGA: 3D spin alignment of spiral and S0 galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 3 (2021): 4626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1109.

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ABSTRACT We investigate the 3D spin alignment of galaxies with respect to the large-scale filaments using the MaNGA survey. The cosmic web is reconstructed from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using disperse and the 3D spins of MaNGA galaxies are estimated using the thin disc approximation with integral field spectroscopy kinematics. Late-type spiral galaxies are found to have their spins parallel to the closest filament’s axis. The alignment signal is found to be dominated by low-mass spirals. Spins of S0-type galaxies tend to be oriented preferentially in perpendicular direction with respect to

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Braun, Tatjana, Matthijn R. Vos, Nir Kalisman, et al. "Archaeal flagellin combines a bacterial type IV pilin domain with an Ig-like domain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 37 (2016): 10352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607756113.

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The bacterial flagellar apparatus, which involves ∼40 different proteins, has been a model system for understanding motility and chemotaxis. The bacterial flagellar filament, largely composed of a single protein, flagellin, has been a model for understanding protein assembly. This system has no homology to the eukaryotic flagellum, in which the filament alone, composed of a microtubule-based axoneme, contains more than 400 different proteins. The archaeal flagellar system is simpler still, in some cases having ∼13 different proteins with a single flagellar filament protein. The archaeal flagel

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Sheppard, Devon, Jamie-Lee Berry, Rémi Denise, Eduardo P. C. Rocha, Steve Matthews, and Vladimir Pelicic. "The major subunit of widespread competence pili exhibits a novel and conserved type IV pilin fold." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 19 (2020): 6594–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013316.

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Type IV filaments (T4F), which are helical assemblies of type IV pilins, constitute a superfamily of filamentous nanomachines virtually ubiquitous in prokaryotes that mediate a wide variety of functions. The competence (Com) pilus is a widespread T4F, mediating DNA uptake (the first step in natural transformation) in bacteria with one membrane (monoderms), an important mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. Here, we report the results of genomic, phylogenetic, and structural analyses of ComGC, the major pilin subunit of Com pili. By performing a global comparative analysis, we show that Com pi

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Daehnel, Katrin, Robin Harris, Lucinda Maddera, and Philip Silverman. "Fluorescence assays for F-pili and their application." Microbiology 151, no. 11 (2005): 3541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28159-0.

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Conjugative pili are extracellular filaments elaborated by Gram-negative bacteria expressing certain type IV secretion systems. They are required at the earliest stages of conjugal DNA transfer to establish specific and secure cell–cell contacts. Conjugative pili also serve as adsorption organelles for both RNA and DNA bacteriophages. Beyond these facts, the structure, formation and function of these filaments are poorly understood. This paper describes a rapid, quantitative assay for F-pili encoded by the F plasmid type IV secretion system. The assay is based on the specific lateral adsorptio

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Ching, G. Y., and R. K. Liem. "Analysis of the roles of the head domains of type IV rat neuronal intermediate filament proteins in filament assembly using domain-swapped chimeric proteins." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 13 (1999): 2233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.13.2233.

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Type IV neuronal intermediate filament proteins consist of alpha-internexin, which can self-assemble into filaments and the neurofilament triplet proteins, which are obligate heteropolymers, at least in rodents. These IF proteins therefore provide good systems for elucidating the mechanism of intermediate filament assembly. To analyze the roles of the head domains of these proteins in contributing to their differential assembly properties, we generated chimeric proteins by swapping the head domains between rat alpha-internexin and either rat NF-L or NF-M and examined their assembly properties

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Lamparter, Tilman, Jennifer Babian, Katrin Fröhlich, et al. "The involvement of type IV pili and the phytochrome CphA in gliding motility, lateral motility and photophobotaxis of the cyanobacterium Phormidium lacuna." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0249509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249509.

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Phormidium lacuna is a naturally competent, filamentous cyanobacterium that belongs to the order Oscillatoriales. The filaments are motile on agar and other surfaces and display rapid lateral movements in liquid culture. Furthermore, they exhibit a photophobotactic response, a phototactic response towards light that is projected vertically onto the area covered by the culture. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are unclear. We performed the first molecular studies on the motility of an Oscillatoriales member. We generated mutants in which a kanamycin resistance casset

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Steinert, Peter M., Lyuben N. Marekov та David A. D. Parry. "Molecular Parameters of Type IV α-Internexin and Type IV-Type III α-Internexin-Vimentin Copolymer Intermediate Filaments". Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, № 3 (1999): 1657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.3.1657.

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11

Amenta, P. S., J. Gil, and A. Martinez-Hernandez. "Connective tissue of rat lung. II: Ultrastructural localization of collagen types III, IV, and VI." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 36, no. 9 (1988): 1167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/36.9.3403967.

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We localized collagen types III, IV, and VI in normal rat lung by light and electron immunohistochemistry. Type IV collagen was present in every basement membrane examined and was absent from all other structures. Although types III and VI had a similar distribution, being present in the interstitium of major airways, blood vessels, and alveolar septa, as in other organs, they had different morphologies. Type III collagen formed beaded fibers, 15-20 nm in diameter, whereas type VI collagen formed fine filaments, 5-10 nm in diameter. Both collagen types were found exclusively in the interstitiu

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Daum, Bertram, and Vicki Gold. "Twitch or swim: towards the understanding of prokaryotic motion based on the type IV pilus blueprint." Biological Chemistry 399, no. 7 (2018): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2018-0157.

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AbstractBacteria and archaea are evolutionarily distinct prokaryotes that diverged from a common ancestor billions of years ago. However, both bacteria and archaea assemble long, helical protein filaments on their surface through a machinery that is conserved at its core. In both domains of life, the filaments are required for a diverse array of important cellular processes including cell motility, adhesion, communication and biofilm formation. In this review, we highlight the recent structures of both the type IV pilus machinery and the archaellum determinedin situ. We describe the current le

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Chin, S. S., P. Macioce, and R. K. Liem. "Effects of truncated neurofilament proteins on the endogenous intermediate filaments in transfected fibroblasts." Journal of Cell Science 99, no. 2 (1991): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.99.2.335.

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The expression and assembly characteristics of carboxyl- and amino-terminal deletion mutants of rat neurofilament low Mr (NF-L) and neurofilament middle Mr (NF-M) proteins were examined by transient transfection of cultured fibroblasts. Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal tail domain of either protein indicated that this region was not absolutely essential for co-assembly into the endogenous vimentin cytoskeleton. However, deletion into the alpha-helical rod domain resulted in an inability of the mutant proteins to co-assemble with vimentin into filamentous structures. Instead, the mutant protei

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14

Uemura, Naoki A., and Daisuke Nakane. "Type IV Pili in Thermophilic Bacteria: Mechanisms and Ecological Implications." Biomolecules 15, no. 4 (2025): 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15040459.

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Type IV pili (T4P) machinery is critical for bacterial surface motility, protein secretion, and DNA uptake. This review highlights the ecological significance of T4P-dependent motility in Thermus thermophilus, a thermophilic bacterium isolated from hot springs. Unlike swimming motility, the T4P machinery enables bacteria to move over two-dimensional surfaces through repeated cycles of extension and retraction of pilus filaments. Notably, T. thermophilus exhibits upstream-directed migration under shear stress, known as rheotaxis, which appears to represent an adaptive strategy unique to thermop

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15

Gimona, Mario. "An alternatively spliced exon links intermediate filaments to adhesions." Biochemical Journal 409, no. 3 (2008): e1-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20071674.

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Anchorage of the contractile actomyosin apparatus to the plasma membrane at discrete sites in muscle and non-muscle cells enables the transmission and conversion of force into work, such as muscle contraction and membrane deformation to regulate cell and tissue shape. Assembly, stabilization and turnover of adhesion sites are complex processes that involve structural components, a variety of signalling and adapter molecules, diverse kinases and phosphatases, and phospholipids. The dynamic turnover of adhesions also requires the frequent interaction with other filament systems of the cytoskelet

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Yurchenco, P. D., and G. C. Ruben. "Basement membrane structure in situ: evidence for lateral associations in the type IV collagen network." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 6 (1987): 2559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.6.2559.

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To determine molecular architecture of the type IV collagen network in situ, the human amniotic basement membrane has been studied en face in stereo relief by high resolution unidirectional metal shadow casting aided by antibody decoration and morphometry. The appearance of the intact basement membrane is that of a thin sheet in which there are regions of branching strands. Salt extraction further exposes these strands to reveal an extensive irregular polygonal network that can be specifically decorated with gold-conjugated anti-type IV collagen antibody. At high magnification one sees that th

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Fairfield, Maria N., Stephen J. Jones, Nicolas Biais, and Joseph L. Baker. "Investigating the Response of Type IV Pilins and Type IV Pilus Filaments to Applied Force using All-Atom Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (2019): 185a—186a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1029.

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18

Yang, Zhe, Wei Hu, Kevin Chen, et al. "Alanine 32 in PilA is important for PilA stability and type IV pili function in Myxococcus xanthus." Microbiology 157, no. 7 (2011): 1920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.049684-0.

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Type IV pili (TFP) are membrane-anchored filaments with a number of important biological functions. In the model organism Myxococcus xanthus, TFP act as molecular engines that power social (S) motility through cycles of extension and retraction. TFP filaments consist of several thousand copies of a protein called PilA or pilin. PilA contains an N-terminal α-helix essential for TFP assembly and a C-terminal globular domain important for its activity. The role of the PilA sequence and its structure–function relationship in TFP-dependent S motility remain active areas of research. In this study,

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Raynaud, Claire, Devon Sheppard, Jamie-Lee Berry, Ishwori Gurung, and Vladimir Pelicic. "PilB from Streptococcus sanguinis is a bimodular type IV pilin with a direct role in adhesion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 22 (2021): e2102092118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102092118.

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Type IV pili (T4P) are functionally versatile filamentous nanomachines, nearly ubiquitous in prokaryotes. They are predominantly polymers of one major pilin but also contain minor pilins whose functions are often poorly defined and likely to be diverse. Here, we show that the minor pilin PilB from the T4P of Streptococcus sanguinis displays an unusual bimodular three-dimensional structure with a bulky von Willebrand factor A–like (vWA) module “grafted” onto a small pilin module via a short loop. Structural modeling suggests that PilB is only compatible with a localization at the tip of T4P. By

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20

Collyn, François, Marie-Annick Léty, Shamila Nair, et al. "Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Harbors a Type IV Pilus Gene Cluster That Contributes to Pathogenicity." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 11 (2002): 6196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.11.6196-6205.2002.

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ABSTRACT Fimbriae have been shown to play an essential role in the adhesion of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria to host cells. In the enteroinvasive bacterium Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, we characterized a previously unknown 11-kb chromosomal locus involved in the synthesis of type IV pili. The locus consists of 11 open reading frames forming a polycistronic unit and encoding putative Pil proteins, PilLMNOPQRSUVW. When introduced into Escherichia coli, the Y. pseudotuberculosis operon reconstituted bundles of filaments at a pole on the bacterial surface, demonstrating that the pil locus was

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Bogin, Bryan, Maria Fairfield, Rebecca B. Goncalves, et al. "Filaments Under Force: A Computational Molecular-Scale Investigation of Type IV Pili From Multiple Organisms." Biophysical Journal 120, no. 3 (2021): 294a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1886.

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Ochner, Hannah, Jan Böhning, Zhexin Wang, Abul K. Tarafder, Ido Caspy, and Tanmay A. M. Bharat. "Structure of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Type IV pilus." PLOS Pathogens 20, no. 12 (2024): e1012773. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012773.

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Type IV pili (T4Ps) are abundant in many bacterial and archaeal species, where they play important roles in both surface sensing and twitching motility, with implications for adhesion, biofilm formation and pathogenicity. While Type IV pilus (T4P) structures from other organisms have been previously solved, a high-resolution structure of the native, fully assembled T4P of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major human pathogen, would be valuable in a drug discovery context. Here, we report a 3.2 Å-resolution structure of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 T4P determined by electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM). PilA s

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Oikarinen, A., and L. Peltonen. "Basement membrane components and keratin in the dominantly inherited form of cylindroma." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 65, no. 2 (1985): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555565121125.

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Specific antibodies against basement membrane associated, connective tissue components: type IV and V collagens, laminin, fibronectin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan were used to study the basement membrane-like structures in cylindroma lesions. All these components were immunohistochemically demonstrated as a band surrounding islands of epithelial cells and all except fibronectin also inside the islands. Antibodies to keratin filaments stained most of the cells inside the epithelial islands confirming the epithelial origin of the cells.

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Karuppiah, Vijaykumar, and Jeremy P. Derrick. "Structure of the PilM-PilN Inner Membrane Type IV Pilus Biogenesis Complex from Thermus thermophilus." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 27 (2011): 24434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.243535.

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Type IV pili are surface-exposed filaments, which extend from a variety of bacterial pathogens and play a major role in pathogenesis, motility, and DNA uptake. Here, we present the crystal structure of a complex between a cytoplasmic component of the type IV pilus biogenesis system from Thermus thermophilus, PilM, in complex with a peptide derived from the cytoplasmic portion of the inner membrane protein PilN. PilM also binds ATP, and its structure is most similar to the actin-like protein FtsA. PilN binds in a narrow channel between the 1A and 1C subdomains in PilM; the binding site is well

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Conger, Kim, Gregory Rudnick, Rose A. Finn, et al. "Virgo Filaments. IV. Using WISE to Measure the Modification of Star-forming Disks in the Extended Regions Around the Virgo Cluster." Astrophysical Journal 978, no. 1 (2024): 113. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad93ac.

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Abstract Recent theoretical work and targeted observational studies suggest that filaments are sites of galaxy preprocessing. The aim of the WISESize project is to directly probe galaxies over the full range of environments to quantify and characterize extrinsic galaxy quenching in the local universe. In this paper, we use GALFIT to measure the IR 12 μm (R 12) and 3.4 μm (R 3.4) effective radii of 603 late-type galaxies in and surrounding the Virgo cluster. We find that Virgo cluster galaxies show smaller star-forming disks relative to their field counterparts at the 2.5σ level, while filament

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Bogin, Bryan A., Christopher A. Lovenduski, Nicolas Biais, and Joseph L. Baker. "Probing the Polymorphic Transition of Type IV Pilus Filaments Under Force using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (2019): 186a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1030.

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Yu, Xiong, Charles Goforth, Carolin Meyer, et al. "Filaments from Ignicoccus hospitalis Show Diversity of Packing in Proteins Containing N-Terminal Type IV Pilin Helices." Journal of Molecular Biology 422, no. 2 (2012): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2012.05.031.

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Algeciras-Schimnich, Alicia, Le Shen, Bryan C. Barnhart, Andrea E. Murmann, Janis K. Burkhardt, and Marcus E. Peter. "Molecular Ordering of the Initial Signaling Events of CD95." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 1 (2002): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.1.207-220.2002.

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ABSTRACT Binding of either ligand or agonistic antibodies to the death receptor CD95 (APO-1/Fas) induces the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). We now show that signal initiation of CD95 in type I cells can be further separated into at least four distinct steps. (i) The first step is ligand-induced formation of CD95 microaggregates at the cell surface. (ii) The second step is recruitment of FADD to form a DISC. This step is dependent on actin filaments. (iii) The third step involves formation of large CD95 surface clusters. This event is positively regulated by DISC-gene

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Yi, Hong, Norman E. Williams, Virginia M. Dress, and Kenneth C. Moore. "Immunolocalization of individual filament-forming proteins in the cytoskeleton of Tetrahymena." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (1990): 476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100159928.

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Four polypeptides (tetrins I-IV) have been isolated from the ciliated protozoan Tetrahvmena pyriformis. These polypeptides assemble in vitro into 3-4 nm filaments identical with those present in abundance in a cytoskeletal framework associated with the feeding organelle system (oral apparatus) of this cell type. The polypeptides ranging in molecular weights from 79-89 kDa are not similar to each other in either biochemical or immunological properties. In vivo, the filaments are organized into higher order structures described as cages, cables, and networks. The specific hypothesis arises that

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Thorner, Paul, Laurence Heidet, Fernando Moreno Merlo, Vern Edwards, Corinne Antignac, and Marie-Claire Gubler. "Diffuse Leiomyomatosis of the Esophagus: Disorder of Cell-Matrix Interaction?" Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 1, no. 6 (1998): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100249900075.

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Diffuse leiomyomatosis (DL) is rare condition characterized by proliferation of smooth muscle in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Most cases are associated with X-linked Alport syndrome and have partial deletions in the genes encoding both the α5 and α6 chains of collagen type IV. We studied aspects of cell-matrix interaction of myocytes in an esophagogastrectomy specimen from a 12-year-old patient with DL. Myocytes had central areas of cytoplasmic rarefaction, which were actin positive and desmin poor, with the reverse pattern of staining at the cell periphery. Electron microscopy (EM) showe

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Zakaria, Silsa, Rizky Stighfarrinata, and Amalia Ma'rifatul Maghfiroh. "OPTIMASI PARAMETER PROSES 3D PRINTING TERHADAP KUAT TARIK FILAMENT PETG MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI." JUSTI (Jurnal Sistem dan Teknik Industri) 3, no. 4 (2023): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/justicb.v3i4.6150.

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3D Printing is the process of making products from a digital design into three-dimensional shapes that can be seen and can be held, and have volume. Where 3D Printer is a technology that has a bright future, even the technology is still growing and supporting humans for technological advancement. 3D Printer Type FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) is very often used because it is easy to print three-dimensional objects at low cost and also filament material that has been widely available. By using the Taguchi method to find out the optimal process parameters, where finding the larger value is bet

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Del Medico, Luca, Dario Cerletti, Philipp Schächle, Matthias Christen, and Beat Christen. "The type IV pilin PilA couples surface attachment and cell-cycle initiation in Caulobacter crescentus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 17 (2020): 9546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920143117.

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Understanding how bacteria colonize surfaces and regulate cell-cycle progression in response to cellular adhesion is of fundamental importance. Here, we use transposon sequencing in conjunction with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy to uncover the molecular mechanism for how surface sensing drives cell-cycle initiation in Caulobacter crescentus. We identify the type IV pilin protein PilA as the primary signaling input that couples surface contact to cell-cycle initiation via the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP). Upon retraction of pili filaments, the monomeric p

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Zhang, Wei, Zhen-Xing Ma, Ze Hu, Juan-Yan Luo, and Changfa Zhou. "A new species of the genus Teloganopsis with setaceous mouthparts and forelegs from southern China (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae)." ZooKeys 714 (November 6, 2017): 33–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.714.13646.

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The nymph and reared male and female of a new ephemerellid species, which was collected from southern China and named Teloganopsis setosa Zhou, sp. n., are described. The nymph is unique because of its long and dense setae on labrum, mandibles, maxillae, labium, and forelegs as well as the elongated segments II of labial palpi and expanded paraglossae. The male can be differentiated from close relatives by its larger penis lobes with dorsolateral projections, and the more pigmented tergum IV and caudal filaments. The nymph described in this paper represents a new adaptive and ecological type i

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Dayal, Alexander A., Olga I. Parfenteva, Huiying Wang, et al. "Vimentin Intermediate Filaments Maintain Membrane Potential of Mitochondria in Growing Neurites." Biology 13, no. 12 (2024): 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13120995.

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Neural precursor cells contain two types of intermediate filaments (IFs): neurofilaments consisting of three IV type proteins and vimentin belonging to the type III IF proteins that disappear at the later stages of differentiation. The involvement of vimentin in neurogenesis was demonstrated earlier; however, the role of its temporary expression in neurons is not clear. We showed that the vimentin IFs that interacted with mitochondria maintained their membrane potential at the appropriate level, and thus, ensured their proper function. We examined the dependence of the mitochondrial membrane p

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Klimes, Anna, Ashley E. Franks, Richard H. Glaven, et al. "Production of pilus-like filaments in Geobacter sulfurreducens in the absence of the type IV pilin protein PilA." FEMS Microbiology Letters 310, no. 1 (2010): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02046.x.

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Conradi, Fabian D., Conrad W. Mullineaux, and Annegret Wilde. "The Role of the Cyanobacterial Type IV Pilus Machinery in Finding and Maintaining a Favourable Environment." Life 10, no. 11 (2020): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10110252.

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Type IV pili (T4P) are proteinaceous filaments found on the cell surface of many prokaryotic organisms and convey twitching motility through their extension/retraction cycles, moving cells across surfaces. In cyanobacteria, twitching motility is the sole mode of motility properly characterised to date and is the means by which cells perform phototaxis, the movement towards and away from directional light sources. The wavelength and intensity of the light source determine the direction of movement and, sometimes in concert with nutrient conditions, act as signals for some cyanobacteria to form

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Cohen-Krausz, Sara, and Shlomo Trachtenberg. "The Structure of the Archeabacterial Flagellar Filament of the Extreme Halophile Halobacterium salinarum R1M1 and Its Relation to Eubacterial Flagellar Filaments and Type IV Pili." Journal of Molecular Biology 321, no. 3 (2002): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00616-2.

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Rossy, Tamara, Tania Distler, Lucas A. Meirelles, et al. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili actively induce mucus contraction to form biofilms in tissue-engineered human airways." PLOS Biology 21, no. 8 (2023): e3002209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002209.

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The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes antibiotic–recalcitrant pneumonia by forming biofilms in the respiratory tract. Despite extensive in vitro experimentation, how P. aeruginosa forms biofilms at the airway mucosa is unresolved. To investigate the process of biofilm formation in realistic conditions, we developed AirGels: 3D, optically accessible tissue–engineered human lung models that emulate the airway mucosal environment. AirGels recapitulate important factors that mediate host–pathogen interactions including mucus secretion, flow and air–liquid interface (ALI), while

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Coulon, Josiane, Monique Diano, Jean-Pierre Arsanto, and Yves Thouveny. "Remodeling processes during anterior regeneration of Owenia fusiformis (Polychaeta, Annelidae): a morphological and immunocytochemical survey." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 4 (1989): 994–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-143.

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Morphological and immunocytochemical studies were used to determine the correlations among cytoskeleton, junction complex, and basement membrane reorganization during anterior regeneration in Owenia fusiformis. Electron microscopical observations showed that, at the point of amputation, in conjunction with the disorganization of the extracellular matrix, alterations in the adhesive junctions caused dramatic changes in the distribution of intermediary filaments. Fluorescence microscopy investigations with fluorescein – phalloidin and antibodies to actin and Owenia tropomyosin visualized a basal

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Xiao, Ke, Chuanjun Shu, Qin Yan, and Xiao Sun. "Predicting Homogeneous Pilus Structure from Monomeric Data and Sparse Constraints." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/817134.

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Type IV pili (T4P) and T2SS (Type II Secretion System) pseudopili are filaments extending beyond microbial surfaces, comprising homologous subunits called “pilins.” In this paper, we presented a new approach to predict pseudo atomic models of pili combining ambiguous symmetric constraints with sparse distance information obtained from experiments and based neither on electronic microscope (EM) maps nor on accuratea priorisymmetric details. The approach was validated by the reconstruction of the gonococcal (GC) pilus fromNeisseria gonorrhoeae, the type IVb toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) fromVibr

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Llontop, Edgar E., William Cenens, Denize C. Favaro, et al. "The PilB-PilZ-FimX regulatory complex of the Type IV pilus from Xanthomonas citri." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 8 (2021): e1009808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009808.

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Type IV pili (T4P) are thin and flexible filaments found on the surface of a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria that undergo cycles of extension and retraction and participate in a variety of important functions related to lifestyle, defense and pathogenesis. During pilus extensions, the PilB ATPase energizes the polymerization of pilin monomers from the inner membrane. In Xanthomonas citri, two cytosolic proteins, PilZ and the c-di-GMP receptor FimX, are involved in the regulation of T4P biogenesis through interactions with PilB. In vivo fluorescence microscopy studies show that PilB, PilZ

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Dunger, German, Cristiane R. Guzzo, Maxuel O. Andrade, Jeffrey B. Jones, and Chuck S. Farah. "Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Type IV Pilus Is Required for Twitching Motility, Biofilm Development, and Adherence." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 10 (2014): 1132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-14-0184-r.

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Bacterial type IV pili (T4P) are long, flexible surface filaments that consist of helical polymers of mostly pilin subunits. Cycles of polymerization, attachment, and depolymerization mediate several pilus-dependent bacterial behaviors, including twitching motility, surface adhesion, pathogenicity, natural transformation, escape from immune system defense mechanisms, and biofilm formation. The Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain 306 genome codes for a large set of genes involved in T4P biogenesis and regulation and includes several pilin homologs. We show that X. citri subsp. citri can exhib

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Hirsch, Ann M., Rebecca SN Krupp, Yimei Lin, Susan S. Wang, Weigang Yang, and Shirley C. Tucker. "Inflorescence and flower development in wild-type and sid mutant Melilotus alba, white sweetclover." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 7 (2002): 732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-045.

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White sweetclover, Melilotus alba Desr. (Fabaceae), produces white, papilionoid flowers on a simple raceme. Individual floral apices originate in the axil of a bract. Each flower consists of five alternating whorls that, from outside to inside, consist of (i) five sepals, (ii) five petals, of which two fuse along their abaxial edges to form the keel, (iii) five antesepalous stamens, (iv) five antepetalous stamens with shorter filaments, and (v) a single carpel containing two to four ovules. The development of the wild-type sweetclover inflorescence and flowers is described in detail and compar

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Touhami, Ahmed, Manfred H. Jericho, Jessica M. Boyd, and Terry J. Beveridge. "Nanoscale Characterization and Determination of Adhesion Forces of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pili by Using Atomic Force Microscopy." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 2 (2006): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.2.370-377.2006.

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ABSTRACT Type IV pili play an important role in bacterial adhesion, motility, and biofilm formation. Here we present high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of type IV pili from Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. An individual pilus ranges in length from 0.5 to 7 μm and has a diameter from 4 to 6 nm, although often, pili bundles in which the individual filaments differed in both length and diameter were seen. By attaching bacteria to AFM tips, it was possible to fasten the bacteria to mica surfaces by pili tethers. Force spectra of tethered pili gave rupture forces of 95 pN. The slo

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Leech, Andrew J., and John S. Mattick. "Effect of Site-Specific Mutations in Different Phosphotransfer Domains of the Chemosensory Protein ChpA on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Motility." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 24 (2006): 8479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00157-06.

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ABSTRACT The virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other surface pathogens involves the coordinate expression of a wide range of virulence determinants, including type IV pili. These surface filaments are important for the colonization of host epithelial tissues and mediate bacterial attachment to, and translocation across, surfaces by a process known as twitching motility. This process is controlled in part by a complex signal transduction system whose central component, ChpA, possesses nine potential sites of phosphorylation, including six histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) domains

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Lie, Pearl P. Y., Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng. "Cytoskeletal dynamics and spermatogenesis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1546 (2010): 1581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0261.

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Different cellular events occur during spermatogenesis, and these include (i) mitosis for self-renewal of spermatogonia, (ii) differentiation of type A spermatogonia into type B and commitment of type B spermatogonia to develop into preleptotene primary spermatocytes, (iii) transit of preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes across the blood–testis barrier in coordination with germ cell cycle progression and meiosis, (iv) spermiogenesis and spermiation. These events also associate with extensive changes in cell shape and size, and germ cell movement. The cytoskeleton, which comprises actin, microt

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QIU, Feng, Anne LAKEY, Bogos AGIANIAN, et al. "Troponin C in different insect muscle types: identification of two isoforms in Lethocerus, Drosophila and Anopheles that are specific to asynchronous flight muscle in the adult insect." Biochemical Journal 371, no. 3 (2003): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021814.

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The indirect flight muscles (IFMs) of Lethocerus (giant water bug) and Drosophila (fruitfly) are asynchronous: oscillatory contractions are produced by periodic stretches in the presence of a Ca2+ concentration that does not fully activate the muscle. The troponin complex on thin filaments regulates contraction in striated muscle. The complex in IFM has subunits that are specific to this muscle type, and stretch activation may act through troponin. Lethocerus and Drosophila have an unusual isoform of the Ca2+-binding subunit of troponin, troponin C (TnC), with a single Ca2+-binding site near t

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Bouteiller, Mathilde, Mathias Gallique, Yvann Bourigault, et al. "Crosstalk between the Type VI Secretion System and the Expression of Class IV Flagellar Genes in the Pseudomonas fluorescens MFE01 Strain." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050622.

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Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are contractile bacterial multiprotein nanomachines that enable the injection of toxic effectors into prey cells. The Pseudomonas fluorescens MFE01 strain has T6SS antibacterial activity and can immobilise competitive bacteria through the T6SS. Hcp1 (hemolysin co-regulated protein 1), a constituent of the T6SS inner tube, is involved in such prey cell inhibition of motility. Paradoxically, disruption of the hcp1 or T6SS contractile tail tssC genes results in the loss of the mucoid and motile phenotypes in MFE01. Here, we focused on the relationship between T6S

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Koch, Matthias D., Chenyi Fei, Ned S. Wingreen, Joshua W. Shaevitz, and Zemer Gitai. "Competitive binding of independent extension and retraction motors explains the quantitative dynamics of type IV pili." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 8 (2021): e2014926118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014926118.

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Type IV pili (TFP) function through cycles of extension and retraction. The coordination of these cycles remains mysterious due to a lack of quantitative measurements of multiple features of TFP dynamics. Here, we fluorescently label TFP in the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and track full extension and retraction cycles of individual filaments. Polymerization and depolymerization dynamics are stochastic; TFP are made at random times and extend, pause, and retract for random lengths of time. TFP can also pause for extended periods between two extension or two retraction events in both wild-ty

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Lee, Yichen, Bo H. Lee, William Yip, Pingchen Chou, and Bak-Sau Yip. "Neurofilament Proteins as Prognostic Biomarkers in Neurological Disorders." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 43 (2020): 4560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666191210154535.

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Neurofilaments: light, medium, and heavy (abbreviated as NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H, respectively), which belong to Type IV intermediate filament family (IF), are neuron-specific cytoskeletal components. Neurofilaments are axonal structural components and integral components of synapses, which are important for neuronal electric signal transmissions along the axons and post-translational modification. Abnormal assembly of neurofilaments is found in several human neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and hereditary sensory-mot

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