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Journal articles on the topic 'Type of construction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

GERNER, MATTHIAS. "The zoom-on-possessee construction in Kam (Dong): the anatomy of a new construction type." Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 2 (June 28, 2005): 307–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226705003282.

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Kam, a Kadai language spoken in Guizhou province (People's Republic of China), has a family of intransitive possessive constructions with the word order ‘Possessor–Verb–Possessee’. (The basic word order in Kam is SV and AVO.) While two recent papers have featured this unique construction type for an array of other Southeast Asian languages, they fail to acknowledge its distinct semantic value in contrast to the related construction type ‘Possessee–Possessor–Verb’. The former construction type displays a so-called ‘zoom-effect’: the possessor is predicated IN, AT or THROUGH his/her/its possessee; the predication zooms from the possessor on his/her/its possessee. The latter construction, in contrast, views the possessee as an entity separated from its possessor, and the predicate as applying solely to the possessee. After illustrating the ‘zoom-effect’ for a representative sample of Kam constructions, I demonstrate that ‘zoom-effects’ do not merely exist when the possessee–possessor compound has the zero-role (=intransitive subject) as above, but also when it assumes other semantic roles (e.g. patient, force, etc.). A general definition of this construction type, called ‘zoom-on-possessee construction’, is proposed; it enables us to unify and account for an array of hitherto disparate construction types that run in the literature under labels such as ‘proprioceptive state expressions’, ‘body part locative constructions’, ‘dative of affect’, etc. Furthermore, I discuss in some detail whether zoom-on-possessee constructions are better accounted for within a multi-stratal or a mono-stratal framework and, finally, whether the concept of noun-incorporation has any relevance.

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2

Kikuta, Chiharu Uda. "Development of conditional imperatives in Japanese: A diachronic constructional approach." Cognitive Linguistics 29, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 235–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0081.

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AbstractThis paper proposes a diachronic construction grammar analysis of the conditional imperative in Japanese to demonstrate that a constructional approach provides an effective model for language change. The Japanese conditional imperative comprises two types with distinct properties, but no study to date has successfully analyzed how the two types appeared and are related to each other. In diachronic construction grammar, language change is situated in the context of a construction as well as in relation to other constructions linked in a network. This perspective makes it a particularly beneficial model for accommodating the case in question. The construction developed in two steps, exemplifying different types of language change, both of which, however, are motivated by analogy between different constructions. Adopting the multiple inheritance analysis, I contend that the construction first emerged as a result of the reanalysis of a sequence of an imperative sentence and a subsequent sentence as a type of the conditional construction. A later development reflected another case of construction-based analogy: the daughter construction inherited the host-class expansion that occurred in the parent, and the new type emerged as a result of coercion to accommodate the expansion. Thus the development of the Japanese conditional imperative not only finds a consistent analysis in this framework, but provides valuable insight into the workings of the construction network. This paper also addresses the issues of the inheritance model, and suggests the present case argues for a model with default inheritance at the construction level, which runs counter to previous studies which have restricted the overrides of default inheritance to the level of construct.

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Ezenwafor, Chikelu Ihunanya. "Serial Verb Construction in Etulo." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0909.20.

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In languages, different criteria are often adopted in the classification of the verb category many of which are language specific or universal. Etulo makes a distinction between simple and complex predicates. This work discusses serial verb construction (SVC) as a type of complex predicate using the typological criteria proposed in Aikhenvald (2006). Etulo SVCs have diverse semantic and grammatical functions. They express benefactive, instrumental, comparative meaning, as well as prepositional and adverbial notions indicating direction using motion verbs. Different types of serial verb constructions (SVCs) are established: the symmetric vs asymmetric type, contiguous vs non-contiguous, and the optional vs obligatory type. The SVC is further distinguished from a similar multi-verb construction known as the consecutive construction.

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Luchkina, V. V. "The Prospects of Use of Eco-Friendly Materials in the Cement Industry." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 1043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.1043.

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Portland cement is a main type of construction materials, however his production does harm to the environment. In article the author has considered prospects of production technologies and the main properties of the eco-friendly knitting materials in the concrete used when constructing facilities different function. Researches have shown that alternative types of eco-friendly materials have the limited fields of use, but can widely be used for construction of roads, airfields, hydraulic engineering constructions already in the nearest future. Speed of their introduction in production will depend on activity and demand of consumers for these types of cement.

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5

Van linden, An. "Activity-oriented and characteristic-oriented constructions." English Text Construction 1, no. 2 (August 15, 2008): 239–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.1.2.05lin.

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This paper is a diachronic study of post-adjectival infinitive constructions with adjectives denoting goodness, fitness, or necessity. Traditionally these constructions are analysed as tough-constructions. They can be divided into two semantically and syntactically distinct types, viz. activity-oriented and characteristic-oriented constructions. This distinction can be used to explain the variation in clausal voice type that is found with the post-adjectival constructions from the Late Middle English period onwards. In addition, a distinction needs to be made between adjectives expressing necessity, which only occur in activity-oriented constructions, and those expressing goodness or fitness, which may occur in the two construction types. Voice variation is only meaningful for the latter type of adjectives: in characteristic-oriented constructions they tend to be construed with an active infinitive, whereas in activity-oriented constructions they appear with a passive infinitive. As such, the distinction between these construction types helps to explain formal properties of the post-adjectival infinitive construction.

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6

Wasserscheidt, Philipp. "Construction Grammar: Basic Principles and Concepts." Ukrainian Linguistics, no. 49 (2019): 94–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/um/49(2019).94-116.

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The article provides an overview of Construction Grammar. First, a general survey of the basic principles and major strands of the grammatical theory is given. The main assumptions include the recognition that all linguistic knowledge is of the same type as knowledge in general and follows the same principles such as categorization, abstraction and generalization. In the second part, the presentation focuses on two important elements of construction grammar research: the concept of the construction as complex sign and the abandoning of the distinction between lexicon and grammar. Using examples from Ukrainian, the different relationships between constructions of different complexity and schematicity in the so-called constructicon – the common space of both lexical and grammatical knowledge – are described. It is shown, how abstract constructions offer slots for other elements and how these are constrained regarding form and meaning. In addition, the status of constructions as complex signs is assessed from the perspective of semantics and compositionality. It is highlighted that Construction Grammar rejects the assumption of compositionality and rather conceptualizes meaning as determined by the construction itself. At the same time, semantics is understood in an encyclopaedic sense, which renders the description of constructions highly detailed and language-specific.

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7

Van Eecke, Paul, and Katrien Beuls. "Exploring the Creative Potential of Computational Construction Grammar." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 66, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2018-0029.

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AbstractComputational construction grammar aims to provide concrete processing models that operationalise construction grammar accounts of the different aspects of language. This paper discusses the computational mechanisms that allow construction grammar models to exhibit, to a certain extent, the creativity and inventiveness that is observed in human language use. It addresses two main types of language-related creativity. The first type concerns the ‘free combination of constructions,’ which gives rise to the open-endedness of language. The second type concerns the ‘appropriate violation of usual constraints’ that permits language users to go beyond what is possible when adhering to the usual constraints of the language, and be truly creative by relaxing these constraints and by introducing novel constructions. All mechanisms and examples discussed in this paper are fully operationalised and implemented in Fluid Construction Grammar.

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8

Pai, Hyungmin. "The diagrammatic construction of type." Journal of Architecture 20, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 1088–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2015.1117508.

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9

Lui, M. "A Box-Type Construction Tubesheet." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 4 (November 1, 1991): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928802.

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10

Tarabrin, G. T. "SPATIAL BELLOWS-TYPE (SYLPHON) CONSTRUCTION." Mechanics of Solids 56, no. 2 (March 2021): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0025654421020138.

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11

Zeschel, Arne, and Kristel Proost. "Grain size issues in constructicon building – and how to address them." Lexicographica 35, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 169–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2019-0005.

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Abstract Novel formats of construction-based description hold great potential for phenomena that fall through the cracks in traditional kinds of linguistic reference works. On the example of German verb argument structure constructions with a prepositional object, we demonstrate that a construction-based description of such phenomena is superior to existing lexicographic and grammaticographic treatments, but that it also poses a number of new problems. The most fundamental of these relates to the fact that construction-based analyses can be proposed on different levels of abstraction. We illustrate pertinent problems relating to the precise identification of constructional form and meaning and suggest a multi-layered descriptive format for web-based electronic reference constructica that can accommodate these challenges. Semantically, the proposed solution integrates both lumping and splitting perspectives on constructional grain size and permits users to flexibly zoom in and out on individual elements in the resource. Formally, it can capture variation in the number and marking of realised arguments as found in e.g. passives and transitivity alternations. Aspects of the theoretical controversy between Construction Grammar and Valency Theory are addressed where relevant, but our focus is on questions of description and the practical implementation of construction-based analyses in a suitable type of linguistic reference work.

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12

Yaghubyan, Marine. "Correlation as a Means of Expressing Syntactic Connections of Parenthetical Construction with Main Sentence." Armenian Folia Anglistika 11, no. 1 (13) (April 15, 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2015.11.1.044.

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Parenthetical constructions are connected with the sentence by means of a special type of grammatical connection – correlation. The characteristic feature of this type of grammatical connection is that between the parenthetical construction and the sentence there exists a lexical connection, the grammatical expression of which is the insertion of parenthetical constructions within the sentence structure. The specific character of this type of grammatical connection is that parenthetical construction is independent of the sentence part it defines and has an independent grammatical shaping. The special type of the connection of parenthetical construction with the main sentence distinguishes the parenthetical construction from the part of the sentence which depends on its head-word. Correlation shapes the syntactic isolation of parenthetical constructions within the sentence. It is one of the main features of parenthetical construction as an independent syntactic category.

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Kalnača, Andra, and Ilze Lokmane. "Pragmatic Aspects of Latvian Predicative Infinitive Constructions." Studies About Languages 1, no. 37 (December 3, 2020): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.37.25881.

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The purpose of this article is to examine Latvian predicative infinitive constructions in a pragmatic aspect, showing that they constitute a special type of pragmatic marking. Unlike such pragmatic markers as particles, conjunctions, adverbs or prosody, predicative infinitive constructions in Latvian are pragmatically functioning as a single unit, i.e., their constructional functionality follows from this unity rather than from separate lexical or grammatical elements. Insofar as they represent a marginal modally marked construction type in Latvian, their use is related to non-neutral, marked registers of the language. Therefore, the article focuses on modal and temporal meanings, as well as polarity of predicative infinitive constructions. As their modal and temporal meanings are closely related to communicative types of utterances, the use of these constructions is restricted to specific text types – warnings, categorical requests and prohibitions, advertisements, headlines in mass media, etc.

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14

SAG, IVAN A. "English relative clause constructions." Journal of Linguistics 33, no. 2 (September 1997): 431–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222679700652x.

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This paper sketches a grammar of English relative clause constructions (including infinitival and reduced relatives) based on the notions of construction type and type constraints. Generalizations about dependency relations and clausal functions are factored into distinct dimensions contributing constraints to specific construction types in a multiple inheritance type hierarchy. The grammar presented here provides an account of extraction, pied piping and relative clause ‘stacking’ without appeal to transformational operations, transderivational competition, or invisible (‘empty’) categories of any kind.

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15

Koukouvinos, Christos, and Jennifer Seberry. "Short Amicable sets and Kharaghani type orthogonal designs." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 64, no. 3 (December 2001): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700019961.

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Dedicated to Professor George SzekeresShort amicable sets were introduced recently and have many applications. The construction of short amicable sets has lead to the construction of many orthogonal designs, weighing matrices and Hadamard matrices. In this paper we give some constructions for short amicable sets as well as some multiplication theorems. We also present a table of the short amicable sets known to exist and we construct some infinite families of short amicable sets and orthogonal designs.

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16

Tianqing, Cao, Xin Qiaoling, Wei Xiaomin, and Jiang Lining. "Jones Type Basic Construction on Hopf Spin Models." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091547.

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Let H be a finite dimensional C∗-Hopf algebra and A the observable algebra of Hopf spin models. For some coaction of the Drinfeld double D(H) on A, the crossed product A⋊D(H)^ can define the field algebra F of Hopf spin models. In the paper, we study C∗-basic construction for the inclusion A⊆F on Hopf spin models. To achieve this, we define the action α:D(H)×F→F, and then construct the resulting crossed product F⋊D(H), which is isomorphic A⊗End(D(H)^). Furthermore, we prove that the C∗-basic construction for A⊆F is consistent to F⋊D(H), which yields that the C∗-basic constructions for the inclusion A⊆F is independent of the choice of the coaction of D(H) on A.

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17

Garg, Davinder Kumar, and Syed Aadil Farooq. "Construction of PBIB Designs using Modified Magnificent (Mn) Matrices of Type- III." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2014/183.

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18

Li, Wei. "Vibrating-Type Asphalt Concrete Construction Test." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2937.

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Vibrating-type Asphalt Concrete is a new term. As a new type of asphalt concrete, various tests with regard to it are of practical significance. Mix of asphalt concrete indoors recommended by tests is verified and adjusted in the construction tests so that preparation, storage, mixing, transportation, paving, quality test, etc. of raw material of asphalt concrete and corresponding processing parameter can be identified to guide the construction of vibrating-type concrete core wall.

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19

Crespo, Teresa. "Explicit construction of Ãn type fields." Journal of Algebra 127, no. 2 (December 1989): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8693(89)90263-9.

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20

Ziem, Alexander, Johanna Flick, and Phillip Sandkühler. "The German Constructicon Project: Framework, methodology, resources." Lexicographica 35, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2019-0003.

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Abstract The paper introduces aims and efforts of the German Constructicon Project (GCP) (www.german-constructicon.de) hosted at the University of Düsseldorf. The ultimate goal of the project is not only to identify and describe oftentimes overlooked grammatical constructions, but also to offer comprehensive descriptions of them in a dictionary-like online repository. Each construction entry is intended to provide all relevant grammatical information necessary to understand and correctly use the respective grammatical construction. Based on constructicographical analyses of authentic corpus examples, the paper reports on the methodological foundations of GCP, most importantly the annotation categories used, as well as on the computational work routine yielding construction entries. The routine includes five consecutive steps, (i) subcorporation and preliminary analysis, (ii) parsing pipeline (automatic annotations of part of speech, phrase type and grammatical function), (iii) semantic annotations, (iv) semi-automatic analyses of the annotations and, finally, (v) compilation of construction entries. For illustration, we present the geschweige denn (‘let alone’) construction in its habitat of the negating_connector construction family. The paper concludes with outlining a full-fledged construction entry for geschweige denn in the German Constructicon.

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Komissarov, Alexander V., Maria M. Shlyahova, Maxim A. Altyntsev, and Ekaterina N. Kulik. "CRITERIA FOR PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTION MONITORING OF MAIN PIPELINES." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, no. 4 (2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-4-96-103.

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The purpose of this article is to select and substantiate the criteria for protective construction monitoring of main pipelines. Main pipelines are constantly exposed to influences of external and internal factors. Special protective constructions are being raised to ensure the continuous operation of the pipelines. The main goal of creating protective constructions is to minimize economic losses and preserve the environmental characteristics of the facility. All existing protective constructions can be divided into two large groups: earth work and engineering constructions. Each of these groups includes different types of the constructions. All of them are designed to ensure safety of main pipelines from a certain natural phenomenon. It is also necessary to ensure constant monitoring of their geometric state regardless the protective construction type. Various data can be used for monitoring, among which the Earth remote sensing data perform a special role. One of the main issues in the construction monitoring is the explanation of the arising measurement errors. This requires knowledge of complex precision calculations theory. It is also necessary to take into account that a visual inspection of the construction defects is imperative in any calculations. A classification of protective constructions is given. The base of the accuracy calculation theory that is necessary to substantiate the errors in the protective construction monitoring is discussed. The main accuracy standards based on this theory are highlighted. The results of the performed analysis are the numerical values of the accuracy criteria for various protective construction types.

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22

Zhang, Yao Hui, Cun Bao Zhao, and Shi Tong Chen. "New Type of Cantilever Crane for High-Speed Railway Track Plate Constructions." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 4474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4474.

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In China, the high-speed railway construction is growing rapidly currently. As laying the high-speed railways’ track plates accurately is an important part of construction, a large number of multifunctional advanced special cranes are required in order to complete the construction task on time. In the paper, the advanced design and application of the new type large cantilever special crane, which being used in the high-speed railway track plate constructions of Jinghu railway, Huning railway and Guangshengang railway, is introduced. The special main characteristics of the new type multifunctional large cantilever are described, such as easy to be assembled, easy to change the span, the cantilever beams can being folded, can being used in the tunnel, and so on. The successful applications of the new type crane have solved a number of difficulties in the track plate constructions, and have obtained obvious economic returns and social returns.

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23

Hong, Guang Rong, and You Fa Wu. "Selecting Key Village by Quantitative and Qualitative Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.707.

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The scientific and rational choice of key village is key to the new rural construction, mutual promotion and co-ordination between the urban and the rural in the transition period. The artificial extent of existing qualitative methods is great. Based on the space interaction principle, by introduction of quantitative methods and combination of quantitative method and qualitative method, four types of key villages are selected: the developing type, the connecting type, the trending type and the new constructing type. From the editors′ practice of new rural planning and construction in Xiaogan, they are made four typical illustrations and statistical analyses for 98 administrative villages.

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Barðdal, Jóhanna, Thórhallur Eythórsson, and Tonya Kim Dewey. "The alternating predicate puzzle." Constructions and Frames 11, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 107–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.00025.bar.

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Abstract A long-standing divide between Icelandic and German in the literature takes for granted that there are non-nominative subjects in Icelandic, while corresponding arguments in German have been analyzed as objects (Zaenen et al. 1985; Sigurðsson 1989). This is based on two differences between these languages: (a) differences with regard to control and conjunction reduction and (b) apparent subject behavior of the nominative in dat-nom constructions in German. This article focuses on the latter, introducing into the discussion the concept of alternating predicates, that is, dat-nom predicates that systematically alternate between two diametrically-opposed argument structure constructions, dat-nom and nom-dat. A comparison between Icelandic and German shows that Icelandic dat-nom predicates are of two types, a non-alternating líka type and an alternating falla í geð type, whereas German seems to exhibit only the alternating type. On this assumption, the apparent subject behavior of the nominative in German is easily explained, since such occurrences in fact involve the nom-dat construction and not the dat-nom construction. Therefore, the subject behavior of the nominative in nom-dat constructions does not invalidate a subject analysis of the dative in dat-nom constructions in German. The analysis is couched in the framework of construction grammar.

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25

Holvoet, Axel. "Phasal and proximative complementation: Lithuanian baigti." Baltic Linguistics 5 (December 3, 2014): 81–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.404.

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The article deals with Lithuanian constructions based on the verb baigti ‘finish’. They have traditionally been dealt with in the context of phasal complementation. In this article it is argued that the verb baigti actually underlies two different types of constructions: in addition to phasal constructions with imperfective infinitives there are also proximative constructions with perfective infinitives. The proximative construction refers to an imminent event viewed as the outcome of a (basically unexpressed) process that is in its final phase at the moment of speaking (or some reference time not coinciding with the moment of speaking). The Lithuanian proximative construction with baigti, which has no counterpart in Latvian, has probably evolved from the phasal construction; it has a number of properties that hark back to its phasal origin and are not necessarily characteristic of proximatives in general. The article gives a characterization of the proximative construction with baigti, analyses its interaction with different aspectual classes, and discusses its relation to another gram-type, the so-called avertive. It is also pointed out that, in view of the existence of a distinct proximative complementation type, combinations of baigti with perfective infinitives should no longer be adduced as evidence against the existence of aspectual oppositions in the Lithuanian verb.

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HERBELIN, HUGO. "A dependently-typed construction of semi-simplicial types." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 25, no. 5 (November 20, 2014): 1116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129514000528.

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This paper presents a dependently-typed construction of semi-simplicial sets in a type theory where sets are taken to be types. This addresses an open question raised on the wiki of the special year on Univalent Foundations at the Institute of Advanced Study (2012–2013).

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TATJANA, ŠARAC, STEPANOVIĆ JOVAN, PETROVIĆ VASIJLIJE, and DEMBOSKI GORAN. "Cotton type fabric drape prediction." Industria Textila 68, no. 01 (March 1, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.068.01.1275.

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Fabric drape can be defined as a phenomenon of crease-forming when the fabric is put under pressure of its own mass, but without the influence of external forces. The drape ability of material has a direct influence on appearance and functionality of the garment. Recent findings in this field indicate that researchers have mostly been defining the phenomenon of draping on the basis of the mechanical characteristics of textiles. This paper presents the method that aims to to predict the draping parameters, where drape is defined in dependence of structure and construction parameters of woven fabric. Drape characteristics are tested on drape meter. Drape coefficient was determined by “cut weight” method. Variety of raw and finished fabrics for apparel are used, in order to explain how the changes of structural and constructional characteristics affect the woven fabric draping. Based on the results it is presented the equation that can be used to predict draping of woven fabric. The obtained results are aimed to provide drape parameters depending on the parameters of the structure and the construction of woven materials

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Avetisyan, Robert, Muhammad Khalil, Natalya Galaeva, and Ruben Kazaryan. "Construction reorganization as a type of high-rise construction and environmental protection." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016402010.

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Construction reorganization, as a type of high-rise construction is part of a basic reorganization cycle in which four phases (phases, states, technological redistribution) are consistently implemented: device, disorganization, reorganization and co-organization. Loft style methodology: the integrated performance indicator organizational and technological operational reliability (OTOR) of the Loft room, which is determined with the help of stellar infographic models, makes it possible to prove arguably the necessity or absence of the need to reorganize the former industrial building. The assessment of the functional zone of the level of the OTOR indicators in the system of the infographic model, in which the number of axes emanating from the point “zero”, corresponds to the number of parameters characterizing a specific functional zone. Valuation parameters are ranked in accordance with their tendency towards centripetal and centrifugal. The field of our research lies in the phase of reconstruction. The determination of the level of OTOR of one functional zone is formed by the construction of two infographic star-shaped models, one of which is constructed by centripetal indicators, and the other by centrifugal indicators.

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Kikilo, Natalia I. "On the elusive grammatical status of da-construction in Macedonian and Serbian (independent type)." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 18, no. 2 (2020): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2020-18-2-62-78.

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The da-construction in Macedonian and Serbian languages combines the modal conjunctive particle da with the finite form of the verb to express a wide range of modal meanings. Being a Balkan Sprachbund novelty, the da-constructions in dependent clauses take on the functions of the infinitive in a complex predicate (in all cases in Macedonian, partly in Serbian). The da-construction in independent simple sentences has a complete conjugation paradigm with the imperative meaning and competes with the synthetic imperative forms in both languages, expressing also optative meanings. The article offers an analytical review on the status of these forms based on data gathered from Macedonian, Bulgarian (being closely related to Macedonian) and Serbian languages. There are two salient extremes in it: 1) the da-construction is not an analytical form of the verb and does not have an independent status in the verb system, instead it functions as a syntactic construction; 2) it is indeed an analytical form of the subjunctive mood, with da being a grammatical indicator of modality with the general non-factual meaning. The article concludes that the first view should be regarded as definitive in determining the status of the da- constructions in the Serbian language. To support this conclusion, we are putting forward the following arguments: a) the verb form is non-adjacent to the da particle in the form; b) there is a competition between the infinitive and the da- constructions as complex predicates as well as in some tenses (future tense: ja ću ići / ja ću da idem) and negative structures (nemoj ići / nemoj da ideš); c) The conjunctive particle da does not always have the non-factual meaning, and in most cases the following verb form can take on any tense or mood. In Macedonian the da-construction should be regarded as an analytical form of the subjunctive mood on account of the following characteristics: а) the da-construction has a syntactically fixed component order, which means that it is a semantically bound or fused chain of components which lost their individual meanings; b) the da-construction has a complete conjugation paradigm, one for da+praes and another for da+imperf, on which stems a wide range of modal meanings: imperative, optative and some others; c) the particle da has an invariant meaning of non-factuality, and it marks the verb form in this construction as non-indicative.

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Jin, Junkai. "Triple Social Nutrition Construction." Discourse 6, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-1-83-95.

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Introduction. The purpose of the paper is analysis of the humanity perception of material objects that are used as food, from the point of view of sociology, and analysis of material relations of entry-level (people and material objects recognized as the food), in which the social construction and impact of social engineering to limit the actions of people in public life. The novelty of the author’s approach is to allocate reverse the effects of nutrition on human behavior as a factor of social process.Methodology and sources. In this paper, for the analysis of social practices of nutrition as a social process used to conceptual design of “social construction” from the point of view of the sociology of things the sociology of knowledge and sociology of nutrition. The analysis of the authors’ works that address issues of social construction (Durkheim, Latour, Berger, Luckmann, Schütz, etc.).Results and discussion. According to the study author proposes a classification, according to which the social construction of power is divided into three types (levels). Nominative type is elementary awareness of the substances. Measurement type is further systematization of knowledge about food and the actions relating thereto (the distinction between substances on the basis of edibility, the establishment of various foundations products or their social attributes, defining the main ways of making food). Institutional type is determining in what form to carry out actions with the products and everything associated with them (the emergence of order meals and nutrition, the overcoming of primitive naturalism in power).The hypothesis is expressed and investigated that each level of the design is conditioned by the social and structural environment interaction of the actors.Conclusion. It is stated that in the modern system of nominative power, and measuring the types of institutional design are in a state of complex interdependence, since over time a system of knowledge, constructed by the forerunners, turned into a “cash knowledge” with the result that subsequent generations gradually ceased to distinguish between the complexity of multilevel social constructions of reality.Formulated thesis is that the analysis of the social construction of reality should help to better understand the social nature of food, in particular, to answer the question: how do food products are social constructions, as they are created by our consciousness under the influence of the existing “cash” system of knowledge as constructed, their properties (their tastes), which, as it turns out, are not so much biological, but also socio-cultural properties.

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Honkasalo, Hannu. "A Cech type construction for equivariant cohomology." Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae Series A I Mathematica 15 (1990): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5186/aasfm.1990.1515.

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FURUBE, Hiroshi. "Construction Problems predicted from Type of Rocks." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 32, no. 3 (1991): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.32.117.

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Lee, In-Young. "On the Construction Type “Мне нечего делать.”." 러시아연구 19, no. 1 (May 2009): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.22414/rusins.2009.19.1.189.

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Baird, William F., D. D. Davidson, Billy Edge, Orville T. Magoon, Charles I. Rauw, and Donald Treadwell. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BERM TYPE BREAKWATERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.178.

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The standard design for a rubble-mound breakwater as reported in recent text books and manuals has consisted of a core of rubble quarry-run that is protected from wave action by two layers of relatively large quarried stone or concrete units. Filter layers of intermediate size stone are recommended beneath the armour layer to prevent loss of the core material through the armour. The pioneering work of Hudson provides coefficients for a formula that allowed widespread use of this design concept throughout the world. A breakwater of this form tends to require the smallest volume of stone; however, it may not represent the least cost structure for a specific location because of the cost and availability of local materials. Recently, design engineers and hydraulic laboratories have given considerable attention to alternative forms of rubble mound structures. The objective of this work has been to minimize cost while maintaining the same or improved level of stability when the breakwater is subjected to extreme wave conditions. Principally, emphasis has been given to the utilization of locally available quarried stone and to maximizing the use of the full yield of a local quarry. This has required the design of breakwaters using smaller armour stone and a wider range of sizes than was used in the more conventional breakwater. These designs have also given consideration to the realities of construction and the limitation of construction equipment on the assumption that cost savings will be achieved with relatively simple construction methods. Clearly the use of smaller armour stones requires a change in other properties or characteristics of the armour layer, compared to a conventional design, in order to achieve the same stability. The principal characteristics of a berm breakwater are the high permeability of the armour-layer and the significantly larger volume of armour. Berm breakwaters generally consist of a relatively large and permeable mass of armour stone (of smaller size than required for a conventional design).

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Furukawa, Atsushi, Katsumi Yamazumi, and Shoichi Hashimoto. "Construction Accuracy of Beam Type Maglev Guideway." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 609 (1998): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1998.609_29.

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36

Marshall, W. "Centriole construction needs new type of tubulin." Trends in Cell Biology 8, no. 9 (September 1998): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-8924(98)01351-8.

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Fitzhugh, Joshua M., and David L. Farnsworth. "A Construction That Produces Wallis-Type Formulas." Advances in Pure Mathematics 03, no. 06 (2013): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/apm.2013.36074.

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38

Kim, J. H., and De-Rac Son. "Construction of Differential Type Search Coil Magnetometer." Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society 20, no. 5 (October 31, 2010): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jkms.2010.20.5.178.

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Maier, Robert S. "The algebraic construction of phase-type distributions." Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models 7, no. 4 (January 1991): 573–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15326349108807207.

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Helmberg, Gilbert. "A landau-type construction concerning (Lp)′ ⊂ Lq." Indagationes Mathematicae 17, no. 2 (June 2006): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0019-3577(06)80019-4.

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41

Homer T. Hurst and Robert L. Price III. "Pole-Type Tilt-Up Design and Construction." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2, no. 2 (1986): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26734.

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Best, D., D. Ž. Ðoković, H. Kharaghani, and H. Ramp. "Turyn-Type Sequences: Classification, Enumeration, and Construction." Journal of Combinatorial Designs 21, no. 1 (May 16, 2012): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcd.21318.

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43

Faulkner, John R. "Construction of Structurable Superalgebras of Cartan Type." Communications in Algebra 38, no. 12 (December 15, 2010): 4476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927870903386528.

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44

Phillips, Michael V., George E. Ramey, and David W. Pittman. "Bridge Deck Construction Using Type K Cement." Journal of Bridge Engineering 2, no. 4 (November 1997): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(1997)2:4(176).

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Seberry, Jennifer. "A new construction for Williamson-type matrices." Graphs and Combinatorics 2, no. 1 (December 1986): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01788080.

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Chisaki, Shoko, Ryoh Fuji-Hara, and Nobuko Miyamoto. "A construction for circulant type dropout designs." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 89, no. 8 (May 29, 2021): 1839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-021-00890-8.

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van Riel, Raphael. "Mental Disorder and the Indirect Construction of Social Facts." Journal of Social Ontology 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2016-0008.

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AbstractIn this paper, I argue for two claims, (i) that on a common conception of the second order property of being a mental disorder, some facts about mental disorders are the result of social constructions, and (ii) that the way facts about mental disorders are constructed differs from the received view on social construction. The difference is examined, a novel type of social construction is identified, and it is suggested that there are numerous other types of social facts that are constructed in a similar way.

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Hoste, Jim, and Józef H. Przytycki. "Tangle Surgeries Which Preserve Jones-Type Polynomials." International Journal of Mathematics 08, no. 08 (December 1997): 1015–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x97000482.

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Using an argument from statistical mechanics, V. Jones has given a new method for constructing pairs of links with identical skein polynomials. We give a more general construction and use it to provide a simple proof of a theorem of Traczyk's involving rotors of links. Several examples are given of pairs of knots with coincident skein polynomials and small crossing number.

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Romadhan, Ahmad Dicky. "LANGUAGE SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTION DAYAK KENYAH LEPO’ TAU." Bahasa: Jurnal Keilmuan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/bahasa.v2i1.40.

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This study discusses the construction of serial verbs in the Lepo Dayak Kenyah language 'Tau.This research is a qualitative descriptive type. The data in this study were taken from nativeLepo Dayak Kenyah speakers. The collection technique uses the listening technique and notesaccompanied by elicitation techniques. The results of this study state that the construction ofserial verbs in the Lepo 'Tau Dayak Kenyah language has the same characteristics as theextensive serial verb construction typology. In this study also found several semantic types inthe construction of serial verbs in the Lepo 'Tau Dayak Kenya language, namely type ofmovement, directional type, type of type, cause-effect type, type of modality and type of aspect.

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MORITA, Masao, and Satoshi YAMAUCHI. "First Diastereoselective Construction of Butane-Type and Butyrolactone-Type Secocyclolignane Structures." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 73, no. 11 (November 23, 2009): 2445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.90401.

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