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Muller, Héloïse. "Aspects de la microévolution et étude du type sexuel chez Candida glabrata." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066078.
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Le travail de cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la levure Candida glabrata, qui est la plus proche espèce de S. Cerevisiae actuellement séquencée. Malgré cette relation phylogénétique, les deux levures ont des modes de vie très différents. Quelles sont les différences génotypiques qui ont fait que ces deux levures se sont adaptées à des environnements différents ? Nous nous sommes intéressés à cette question à travers deux aspects liés : la dynamique du génome de C. Glabrata à travers l’étude du polymorphisme de ses chromosomes dans une population d’environ 200 isolats cliniques ; et l’étude du cycle de reproduction de C. Glabrata. L’étude de la microévolution de C. Glabrata montre que les réarrangements chromosomiques sont principalement dus à deux mécanismes : de rares translocations réciproques et la recombinaison entre séquences similaires. L’analyse de l’expression du type sexuel chez C. Glabrata a permis de mettre en évidence certaines régulations conservées avec S. Cerevisiae, mais également des dérégulations, comme l’absence de silencing au niveau du locus HMR.
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Kaykov, Atanas. "Etude de l'empreinte chromosomique au locus sexuel mat1 chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112293.
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L'empreinte chromosomique cartographiée au locus mat1contrôle le changement de type sexuel chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe. La nature moléculaire de l'empreinte est sujet à polémique: cassure simple brin (CSB) de l'ADN ou modification de l'ADN sensible à la soude qui pourrait être un ARN. Nous avons ligaturé l'empreinte avec la ligase d'E. Coli, reformant ainsi la séquence d'ADN parentale, suggérant fortement que l'empreinte est une CSB sans perte de nucléotide. La ligature complète nécessite un traitement par la polynucléotide kinase. Nous avons montré que les extrémités de la CSB sont 3'-OH et 5'-OH. La CSB est indépendante de la séquence, mais spécifique du site. Plusieurs éléments de séquence, nécessaires à la formation ou à la stabilité de la CSB ont été identifiés. Un des éléments est essentiel pour la pause de la fourche de réplication à proximité de mat1 et interagit in vivo avec Swi1p. Un autre élément est essentiel pour maintenir la CSB lors de la progression dans le cycle cellulaire. Nous avons montré que l'ADN polymérase du brin continu synthétise l'ADN jusqu'à l'extrémité de la CSB, formant un intermédiaire bout franc transitoire, capable d'initier le changement de type sexuel. Afin d'obtenir un système inductible pour le changement de type sexuel nous avons introduit un promoteur répressible par la thiamine à proximité de mat1. En utilisant ce système nous avons obtenu une population homogène de cellules sans CSB présentant un type sexuel stable. Nous avons montré que la CSB est formée pendant la première phase S, lorsque les intermédiaires de réplication apparaissent à mat1. La pause de la fourche de réplication à mat1 est simultanée à la formation de la CSB. Swi1p se fixe fortement sur le site de pause pendant la réplication. Les intermédiaires de conversion génique apparaissent une génération après la formation de la CSB. Ce système a permis de disséquer moléculairement les différentes étapes du changement de type sexuel chez S. PombeA strand-specific imprint located at the mating-type (mat1) locus, controls mating-type switching in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. However, the molecular nature of the imprint had remained unclear and it was proposed to be a strand-specific DNA break (SSB) or a strand-specific, alkali labile DNA modification due to an RNA left behind after incomplete Okazaki fragment processing. In the present study, we showed that the imprint could be ligated by the E. Coli DNA ligase to reform the parental DNA sequence, demonstrating that the imprint is a single stranded break (SSB), without a missing nucleotide. However, full ligation required the T4 polynucleotide kinase. We showed that the ends of the SSB are 3'-OH and 5'-OH. Mutation analysis of the SSB showed that the break is site but not sequence specific. Several new elements, required for SSB formation and stability, were identified. One of these elements was essential for a replication fort pause next to mat1 and interacted in vivo with the Swi1p. A second element was essential for maintaining the SSB during the cell cycle progression. We showed, that the leading strand DNA polymerase synthesized DNA to the edge of the SSB and formed a transitory blunt ended recombination intermediate, able to initiate mating type switching. We designed an inducible system for regulating mating-type switching by introducing a thiamine repressible promoter upstream of the mat1 locus. We were able to isolate homogenous population of cells that have not yet suffered a SSB or switched their mating type. We showed that the SSB was formed during the first S phase, when replication intermediates appeared at mat1. The replication fork pause and the SSB occurred simultaneously. During replication Swi1p bound strongly to the replication pause site. Intermediates of gene conversion were detected one generation after the SSB was formed. Thus, we have been able to dissect in molecular terms the genetic pedigree of the fission yeast
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Audibert, Sylvain. "Dynamique de la chromatine et la régulation du changement du type sexuel chez la levure." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30396.
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La recombinaison homologue (RH) est un mécanisme de réparation des cassures d'ADN double brin (CDB) essentiel pour le maintien de l'intégrité du génome. Chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, l'étude du "changement de type sexuel", comme modèle de recombinaison, a contribué à la compréhension des notions fondamentales de cette voie de réparation. Le changement de type sexuel implique la conversion allélique du locus MAT d'une forme "MATa" à "MATα". Ce mécanisme est initié par l'apparition d'une CDB unique induite par l'endonucléase HO au niveau du locus MAT. Les séquences homologues HMLα et HMRa, présentes sur le chromosome III, sont utilisées comme donneur lors de la réparation. L'alternance du type sexuel s'explique par le choix récurant du donneur de type sexuel opposé, assurant le changement allélique du locus MAT à chaque génération cellulaire. L'étude du choix du donneur a conduit à l'identification d'une séquence appelée le "recombination enhancer" (RE), située proche du locus HMLα sur le bras gauche du chromosome III. Dans les cellules MATa, le RE "activé" permettrait la formation d'une boucle entre la région RE et le locus MAT favorisant la recombinaison avec la séquence HMLα proche. Cependant, la formation de cette boucle sur le chromosome III et les facteurs impliqués sont encore mal caractérisés. Au cours de mes travaux de thèse, j'ai étudié l'organisation du chromosome III selon le type sexuel de la levure S. cerevisiae avant l'induction de l'endonucléase HO et des évènements de RH. Mon hypothèse de travail suggère que le RE jouerait un rôle sur l'organisation du chromosome III avant l'apparition de la CDB par HO, contribuant à l'augmentation de l'efficacité du choix du donneur lors du changement de type sexuel. Ainsi, j'ai pu mettre en évidence deux rôles distincts pour la partie gauche et droite du RE. La partie gauche du RE est impliquée dans le choix du donneur lors des évènements de RH, mais présente un effet modéré sur le repliement du chromosome III lors de sa suppression. La partie droite du RE semble indispensable pour l'organisation du chromosome III dans les deux types sexuels MATa et MATα. Ces résultats suggèrent que la modulation de l'organisation d'un chromosome via une séquence "enhancer" pourrait contribuer au choix du donneur lors de la RH. Dans un second temps, mes travaux de thèse se sont dirigés vers la compréhension des évènements de réparation d'une CDB. J'ai utilisé l'avantage du modèle de changement de type sexuel permettant d'induire une CDB unique dans le génome via l'endonucléase HO. Ainsi, cette approche m'a permis de mettre en place une étude visant à identifier les facteurs recrutés au niveau du site de réparation afin de mieux comprendre la dynamique des évènements impliqués dans la RH. En effet, la régulation précise de l'activité ainsi que l'adressage de facteurs clés de réparation au niveau de la cassure n'ont toujours pas été clairement caractérisés. Les principaux enjeux actuels demeurent dans l'identification de tous les acteurs présents au niveau d'un site de cassure unique à un instant donné. Dans ce contexte, j'ai étudié la dynamique de réparation d'une CDB en réalisant une co-immunoprécipitation des facteurs de réparation avec l'aide du système ANCHOR-FLAG inséré, proche du site de cassure MAT. Une cinétique de co-immunoprécipitation lors de l'induction de la CDB m'a permis d'étudier l'arrivée séquentielle des protéines impliquées dans la réparation. L'analyse des échantillons par spectrométrie de masse (MS) révèle plus d'une vingtaine de protéines impliquées dans la réparation. Ces résultats préliminaires sont très encourageants. Le développement de cette approche permettra de mieux caractériser la dynamique des évènements de réparation de l'ADN par RH. Le système ChIP-MS, via ANCHOR, permet pour la première fois une analyse du protéome sur un site unique de cassureHomologous recombination (HR) is a DNA repair pathway dedicated to double-stranded DNA breaks (DSB) that is essential for genome integrity. In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, study of the "mating type switch" as a model of HR has helped to understand several aspects of this repair pathway. The mating type switching involves the allelic conversion of the MAT locus from a "MATa" form to "MATα". This mechanism is initiated by the appearance of a single DSB induced by the HO endonuclease at the MAT locus. The DSB is then repaired by HR with one of the homologous sequences, HMLα and HMRa, present on chromosome III. The recurrent choice of the donor of the opposite sexual type ensures the allelic change of the MAT locus. Thus, the study of the directionality of donor selection allowed the identification of a sequence called the "recombination enhancer" (RE) located near the HMLα locus on the left arm of chromosome III. In MATa cells, the "activated" RE would allow the formation of a loop between the RE region and the MAT locus promoting efficient recombination with the close sequence HMLα. However, the formation of this loop on chromosome III and the factors involved are still poorly characterized. During my thesis work, I studied the organization of chromosome III according to the sexual type of yeast S. cerevisiae before the induction of HO endonuclease and HR events. My working hypothesis suggests that the RE would play a role on the organization of chromosome III before the appearance of DSB; contributing to the increased efficacy of donor selection during mating type switching. Thus, I was able to highlight two distinct roles for the left and right part of the RE. The left side of the RE is involved in donor selection during HR events but has a moderate effect on chromosome III folding when removed. The right part of the RE seems indispensable for the organization of chromosome III in both sexual types MATa and MATα. These results suggest that the modulation of chromosome organization via an enhancer sequence could contribute to donor selection in HR. In a second time, my thesis work was directed towards the understanding of the events of repair of a DSB. I used the advantage of the mating type switch model to induce a single DSB in the genome via the HO endonuclease. This approach enabled me to set up a study to identify the factors recruited at the repair site in order to better understand the dynamics of the events involved in HR. Indeed, the precise regulation of activity as well as the addressing of key repair factors at the fracture level have still not been clearly characterized. The main current challenges remain in the identification of all the players present at a single DSB site at a given moment. In this context I studied the repair dynamics of a DSB by co-immunoprecipitating the repair factors with the help of the ANCHOR-FLAG system inserted near the MAT fracture site. Co-immunoprecipitation kinetics during DSB induction allowed me to study the sequential arrival of proteins involved in repair. Analysis of the samples by mass spectrometry reveals more than twenty proteins involved in the repair. These preliminary results are very encouraging. The development of this approach will better characterize the dynamics of DNA repair events by HR. The ChIP-MS system via ANCHOR allows for the first time a proteome analysis on a single break site
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Marcotte, France. "Le modèle de comportement de type A, le rôle sexuel et la maladie coronarienne chez la femme." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1988. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5697/1/000569507.pdf.
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Lahondès, Raynald de. "Étude de la protéine Sap1 et de son implication dans le changement de type sexuel chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077258.
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Noël, Thierry. "Etude génétique de l'incompatibilité et du changement de type sexuel chez le basidiomycète Agrocybe aegerita et développement de systèmes de transformation homologue et hétérologue." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28194.
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Cornec, Clément. "Communication chez un oiseau à système socio-sexuel de type lek : étude des signaux acoustiques et visuels pendant la parade des mâles d'outarde houbara Chlamydotis undulata undulata." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T026/document.
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Dans un contexte de sélection sexuelle, les systèmes de communication permettant l’attraction et la stimulation du partenaire sexuel et la compétition entre individus du même sexe sont indispensables. Ceci est particulièrement vrai chez les espèces à système d’appariement polygyne de type lek, où les mâles rassemblés dans l’espace sont en compétition pour l’accès aux femelles. Chez notre sujet d’étude, l’outarde houbara nord-africaine les males réalisent des parades incluant des démonstrations visuelles et des vocalisations appelées booms, sur des sites espacés les uns des autres par des distances importantes dans un système qualifié de lek explosé. Notre objectif était d’étudier les systèmes de codage-décodage des informations exprimées durant la parade des mâles chez cette espèce. Nous avons démontré l’existence d’un codage de l’identité individuelle porté par des paramètres visuels et des paramètres acoustiques des vocalisations. Des associations significatives entre des paramètres des booms et des caractéristiques physiques et comportementales des mâles susceptibles de refléter leur qualité, ont également été mises en évidence. Ainsi, les mâles qui produisent les booms les plus graves avaient les masses les plus importantes et paradaient le plus intensément. Lorsque des interactions agonistiques étaient simulées expérimentalement en diffusant des leurres acoustiques, les mâles avaient des réponses comportementales différentes en fonction de la fréquence des booms diffusés. Ainsi le niveau fréquentiel des booms des autres mâles est effectivement perçu et décodé par les individus en compétition. Par ailleurs, plusieurs paramètres des booms sont génétiquement déterminés et héritables, et pourraient porter une information sur l’apparentement entre individus.Certains paramètres sont également liés à la consanguinité des individus. Nous avons montré également que les booms sont particulièrement bien adaptés à la communication à grande distance. En effet, les booms sont de très basse fréquence, se propagent à des distances supérieures à 640 m, et les paramètres supportant le codage-décodage de l’information sont résistants à la propagation et produits de manière redondante. Enfin, les signaux acoustiques et des signaux visuels et semblent agir en synergie (multimodalité) ce qui pourraient améliorer l’efficacité de la communication à grande distance. Ainsi notre étude a démontré que des informations complexes sont transmises durant la parade des mâles au travers de signaux acoustiques et visuels au sein d’un réseau de communication à grande distanceRésumé en anglais ;In a context of sexual selection, the communication between individuals is essential to optimize both intra-sexual (competition between male) and inter-sexual (mate choice) processes. This is particularly true in species with lek mating systems, where both processes reach their full expression. The North African Houbara bustard, Chlamydotis undulata undulata, is a lekking bird where courting males aggregate in a so called ‘exploded-lek’, i.e. where aggregation is detectable only when mapped over a large area. During the breeding season, males perform a conspicuous and spectacular courtship including visual and acoustic (booms) signals. Our aim was to decipher the coding-decoding systems of the courtship in this species. We found that males can be individually discriminated on the basis of visual and acoustic parameters. The booms produced during the courtship are also related to males’ characteristics susceptible to reflect their quality. Individuals who produced the lowest frequency booms were those with the greatest weights and performed the highest intensity courtships. Playback experiment shows that the frequency content of the booms was perceived and decoded by males during agonistic interaction, leading to significantly different behavioural responses according to the frequency of the signals played back. Furthermore, several acoustic parameters of the booms are significantly heritable through genetic transmission and these parameters are also related to the level of inbreeding. Finally, we showed that the booms and the acoustic parameters supporting information are particularly well adapted to the transmission of information at long range as required in a long distance communication network constituted by an exploded lek. First, booms are of very low-frequency and propagate up to 640 m. Second, coding-decoding of information relies on sequentially redundant and propagation-resistant features. Third, acoustic signals are combined with visual signalling (multimodality) which may improve the long distance transmission of the information. This study brought evidence that complex information is conveyed by visual and acoustic signals during the courtship of males within a long distance network
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Cameleyre, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'étude du cycle biologique de la truffe noire du Périgord (Tuber Melanosporum Vitt. ) : analyse de la diversité génétique intraspécifique et recherche des gènes du type sexuel." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28448.
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Soulard, Lydia. "L'indice de dépression des victimes de harcèlement sexuel en relation avec le style attributionnel, le type de self-blame, la durée du harcèlement vécu et la sévérité des comportements subis." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4724/1/000626121.pdf.
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Maroc, Laetitia. "Etude sur le changement de type sexuel et les cassures chromosomiques chez Candida glabrata A single Ho-induced doublestrand break at the MAT locus is lethal in Candida glabrata A new inducible CRISPR-Cas9 system useful for genome editing and study of double-strand break repair in Candida glabrata." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL008.
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Le changement de type sexuel est une des stratégies développées par les champignons afin de favoriser la reproduction sexuée. Ce mécanisme permet à une cellule haploïde de donner naissance à une cellule de type sexuel opposé de façon qu’elles puissent se féconder. Cela a particulièrement été bien étudié chez la levure sexuée Saccharomyces cerevisiae mais la raison pour laquelle les éléments du changement de type sexuel ont été conservés dans des espèces comme Candida glabrata chez qui ni reproduction sexuée, ni changement de type sexuel n’a lieu, n’est toujours pas connue. Nous avons montré précédemment que le changement de type sexuel peut être induit chez C. glabrata en exprimant l’endonucléase responsable de ce mécanisme chez S. cerevisiae et que cela était lié à une très forte létalité cellulaire. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié le lien qui existe entre changement de type sexuel et forte létalité chez C. glabrataMating-type switching is one of the strategies developed by fungi to promote sexual reproduction and propagation. This mechanism enables one haploid cell to give rise to a cell of the opposite mating-type so that they can mate. It has been extensively studied in the sexual yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae but little is known about why the mating-type switching components have been conserved in species like Candida glabrata, in which neither sexual reproduction nor mating-type switching is observed. We have previously shown that mating-type switching can be triggered, in C. glabrata, by expression of the endonuclease responsible of this mechanism in S. cerevisiae, but this leads to massive cell death. In this work, we studied the link existing between mating-type switching and cell death in C. glabrata
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Ben, Hadj Yahia Mohamed-Béchir. "Données et outils pour l'optimisation de l’impact de la vaccination prophylactique contre les papillomavirus humains en France." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S041/document.
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Introduction : Depuis 2007, la vaccination contre les infections à papillomavirus humains (HPV) est recommandée en complément du dépistage du cancer du col utérin (CCU). Cependant, au vu de la faible couverture vaccinale en France, l’impact épidémiologique de la vaccination est discuté, ainsi que le choix de la population cible et les moyens déployés pour son adhésion à la recommandation. Cette thèse propose des données et des outils originaux pour l’évaluation et l’optimisation de l’impact de la vaccination HPV en France. Pour les aspects quantitatifs, une modélisation de la transmission de l’infection à HPV appuyée sur des données détaillées décrivant les partenariats sexuels dans la population générale est nécessaire. L’exploration du lien potentiel entre la participation au dépistage du CCU des femmes précaires et leur choix d’administrer le vaccin HPV à leurs filles, l’appréciation de l’acceptabilité de la vaccination à partir des réseaux sociaux, et l’évaluation médico-économique de la pertinence de l’extension de la vaccination aux hommes, sont déterminants pour parfaire le ciblage des populations à atteindre.Méthodes : Nous avons développé une plateforme de modélisation destinée à l'étude des contacts sexuels et de la dynamique de transmission des infections par les HPV à partir des données de l’enquête Contexte de la Sexualité en France. Grâce à des modèles de mélange de lois, nous avons identifié des classes latentes d’activité sexuelle, permettant de définir des profils à risque d’infections sexuellement transmissibles. Ensuite, nous avons interrogé les femmes consultant au sein du Centre de Prévention et d’Éducation pour la Santé de Lille, ayant au moins une fille éligible à la vaccination HPV, sur leurs attitudes vis-à-vis du dépistage du CCU et de la vaccination. Puis, nous avons analysé les opinions exprimées par les internautes sur le forum en ligne d’un site d’information en santé, concernant la sécurité, l’efficacité et la perception du vaccin HPV. Enfin, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique des études médico-économiques relatives à l’extension de la vaccination HPV aux hommes.Résultats : Les simulations sur la plateforme de modélisation ont permis de reproduire les données de prévalence des infections à HPV mais les résultats restent sensibles aux hypothèses sur les comportements sexuels qui présentent des incohérences entre les hommes et les femmes. Cinq classes latentes d’activité sexuelle ont été identifiées pour les hommes ainsi que pour les femmes. Le cluster correspondant au niveau d’activité sexuelle le plus élevé représente 3,3% chez les femmes et 4,8% chez les hommes. Par ailleurs, le statut vaccinal des filles ne diffère pas selon le profil de dépistage de leur mère. L’argument majoritairement rapporté par les mères pour justifier la non-vaccination de leurs filles concerne le manque d’information, surtout parmi celles qui ne se dépistent pas. De plus, les opinions négatives, exprimées sur le forum de discussion en ligne, sont passées de 28,6 % des avis exprimés en 2006 à 42,2 % en 2013. Les arguments avancés par les « anti-vaccinaux » concernent la sécurité du vaccin et la perception de la vaccination. Enfin, les modèles médico-économiques montrent que l’extension de la vaccination aux hommes est très rarement une stratégie coût-efficace. Néanmoins, la vaccination ciblée des homosexuels masculins semble être la stratégie optimale du point de vue éthique et médico-économique.Discussion : La plateforme de modélisation des contacts sexuels constitue le socle de l’évaluation de l’impact de la vaccination HPV. La surveillance des forums de discussion en ligne permet le monitoring de l’acceptabilité de la vaccination et le ciblage des actions d’information. L’optimisation de couverture vaccinale nécessite la mise en place d’un programme organisé de vaccination des jeunes filles. À défaut d’une implémentation en milieu scolaire, les centres de prévention offrent une alternative intéressanteIntroduction: Since 2007, prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recommended in addition to cervical screening in French women. However, given the low vaccine coverage in France, the epidemiological impact of the vaccination is debated, as well as the choice of the target population and the means to ensure compliance with the recommendation. This doctoral thesis provides original data and tools for the evaluation and the improvement of the impact of HPV vaccination in France. For quantitative aspects, modelling HPV transmission based on the best data describing sexual partnerships in the general population is essential. The investigation of potential links between participation to cervical screening of deprived women and their choice of vaccinating their daughters, the appraisal of vaccine acceptability through social media and the cost-effectiveness evaluation of the relevance of extending the HPV vaccination program to include males are key elements to improve the focus on targeted populations.Methods: We developed a modelling platform to study the dynamics of HPV transmission, using data from Social Context of Sexuality, the latest national French sexual behavior study. Using finite mixture models, we identified latent classes of sexual activity to define profiles of partner acquisition with age, likely to have different risks of sexually transmitted infections. Then, we asked women attending the Centre for Preventive Medicine and Health Education of Lille, who had at least a daughter eligible for HPV vaccination, about their attitudes towards cervical screening and HPV vaccination. Next, we explored sentiments about HPV vaccine safety, efficacy and perceptions, spontaneously expressed by web users on the online discussion forum of a French-speaking health information website. Finally, we performed a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness studies about extending HPV vaccination to include males.Results: Simulations from the modelling platform reproduced HPV infection prevalence observed in France. Nevertheless, results were sensitive to assumptions about sexual behavior, with discrepancies between men and women. Five latent classes of sexual activity were identified in men and in women. The cluster describing the highest level of sexual behavior represents 3.3% in women and 4.8% in men. Besides, daughters’ vaccination profile did not differ with their mothers’ profile of participation to cervical screening. The main reason for not vaccinating their daughters reported by mothers was lack of information, especially for those non-compliant with cervical screening recommendations. Moreover, negative sentiments, reported by the health website forum, evolved from 28.6% of total opinions in 2006 to 42.2% in 2013. The arguments expressed by “anti-vaccine” postings involved most often vaccine safety and negative vaccine perceptions. Finally, cost-effectiveness analyses show that extending the HPV vaccination program to include males is rarely found to be a cost-effective strategy. Nevertheless, the targeted vaccination of men having sex with men seems to be the best strategy from ethical and cost-effectiveness points of view.Discussion: The modelling platform of sexual contacts represents the basis of the evaluation of HPV vaccination impact. The surveillance of online forums enables the monitoring of vaccine acceptability and hence the targeting of preventive messages. Improving the HPV vaccine coverage requires offering girls and young women an organized vaccination program. In the lack of a school-based vaccination program, Centres for Preventive Medicine and Health Education offer an interesting alternative
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Darbyshir, Heather Louise. "Mating type and sexual reproduction in the black Aspergilli." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.718986.
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The black aspergilli refers to members of the genus Aspergillus that are typically characterised by the production of dark or black asexual conidia (classified as section Nigri). The group includes Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori, which are of particular industrial importance because of their safe use status and ability to produce a wide range of enzymes and organic acids. Prior to the onset of these Ph.D studies all members of the black aspergilli were only known to reproduce by asexual means. Given their economic and ecological importance, studies were therefore undertaken to determine whether members of the black aspergilli showed characteristics consistent with the possibility for sexual reproduction, and whether it was possible to induce sex in any of these species. Firstly, PCR diagnostic tests were developed which enabled members of the black aspergilli to be screened for the presence of mating-type (/VMT) genes, which are key transcriptional regulators of sexual reproduction. Screenings revealed the presence of complementary MAT1- 1 and MAT1-2 isolates in approximately even numbers for many species, consistent with an extant or historical heterothallic breeding system, although a MAT1-1 bias was detected in A. niger and A. uvarum and a MAT1-2 bias in A. carbonarius. Secondly, members of the black aspergilli were examined for the ability to form sclerotia, which were believed to be prerequisites for sexual reproduction based on data from the Aspergillus teleomorph genus Petromyces. Experimental work was undertaken to determine optimal conditions to induce sclerotial development, and it was found to be possible to reliably induce sclerotial formation in certain species of black aspergilli. Next, attempts were made to induce sexual reproduction in vitro by crossing target species under a range of different conditions. Of high significance, it was found that at least one member of the black aspergilli, Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius, was able to complete a sexual cycle. This was achieved by crossing known MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 isolates on oatmeal agar with an extended period of incubation. This resulted in the production of sclerotia which developed into stroma containing multiple ascocarps, with asci and viable ascospores, within the stromal matrix. Ascospore progeny were isolated and recombination confirmed by the detection of novel genotypes, which were characterised using single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers which had been obtained from comparative genome sequencing of the parental isolates. The discovery of a heterothallic sexual cycle in A. sclerotiicarbonarius provides insights into the evolution of asexuality in the black aspergilli, and provides a model for induction of sexual cycles in other members of the black aspergilli. It is hoped that future molecular genetic studies might lead to the induction of sexuality in other black aspergilli, such as the industrially important species A. niger, with the sexual cycle providing a valuable tool for classical genetic analysis and strain improvement purposes.
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Owusu, Rachel Asante. "Manipulation of the A mating type genes of Coprinus cinereus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294336.
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Dahlén, Erik, and Rikard Wallenstein. "När erektionen försvinner : Mäns erfarenheter av erektil dysfunktion till följd av diabetes mellitus typ 2. En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-8101.
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Bakgrund: Det är känt att erektil dysfunktion, eller impotens, orsakas av förstorad prostata, depression och diabetes. Den typ av erektil dysfunktion som orsakas av diabetes har en mer komplicerad utveckling än övriga orsaker.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att belysa sexuellt aktiva mäns erfarenheter av erektil dysfunktion till följd av diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Metoden som valdes var en litteraturöversikt med kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Datamaterialet bestod av tio kvantitativa och två kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Två kategorier identifierades såsom Livet påverkas samt Förståelse för situationen med underkategorier. Konklusion: Det råder kunskapsbrist i fråga om varför män drabbas av erektil dysfunktion. Många män anser inte att det finns någon fungerande behandling. Om kontroll av den erektila funktionen ingick i årskontrollen av diabetes tillsammans med en välgrundad information samt adekvat behandling skulle de drabbade männen och deras partner få bättre insikt och medvetande om problemet. Detta skulle leda till mindre oro, bättre sexuell och mental hälsa samt en bättre relation.Background: It is commonly known that erectile dysfunction, popularly known as impotence, is caused by several factors including enlarged prostate, depression and diabetes. The erectile dysfunction caused by diabetes has a more difficult progress than other causes.Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate sexually active men’s experiences of erectile dysfunction caused by diabetes mellitus type 2. Method: The chosen method was a literature review based of qualitative and quantitative articles. Ten quantitative and two qualitative articles were analysed. Results: Two categories were identified, Affects on life and Understanding the situation with subcategories. Conclusions: There is lack of knowledge about why men suffer from erectile dysfunction. Several of the men do not believe there is a treatment for their problem. If erection status was a part of the annual diabetes check-ups as well as valid information and adequate treatment the men and their partner would have better knowledge and awareness about the condition. This would also result in less anxiety, better sexual and mental health and a better relation.
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Coelho, Marco A. "Molecular mechanisms of sexual development in basidiomycetes: exploring connections with lifestyles." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9424.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em
BiologiaThis work concerns the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of sexual reproduction in fungi and their possible implication for fungal lifestyles (parasitic vs. saprobic) and for the emergence of asexual fungal lineages. The association between pathogenicity and sexuality is well-known in the basidiomycete plant parasite Ustilago maydis (subphylum Ustilaginomycotina), an economically important smut fungus. However, Ustilago species are phylogenetically interspersed with species of the genus Pseudozyma, which are considered saprobic and asexual. In this work, a study focused on genes involved in determining sexual identity (mating type or MAT genes), showed that Pseudozyma prolifica retains full sexual competence and pathogenicity, being therefore indistinguishable from U. maydis. For other Pseudozyma species, molecular analyses of PRF1, a gene that encodes a master regulator of sexual reproduction in U. maydis, showed no substantial evidence of loss of sexual reproduction. However, some clues were also found suggesting that some Pseudozyma species may be evolving towards a saprobic lifestyle. The earliest derived lineage of Basidiomycota (subphylum Pucciniomycotina) includes also important plant pathogens (rust and anther smut fungi) as well as lineages composed solely of saprobic organisms. Among the latter, the red yeasts of the order Sporidiobolales have the advantage of completing their life cycle in culture media, but have remained very little explored concerning the characterization of mating systems, the identification of MAT genes and the evolutionary relationships between sexual and asexual species. A comprehensive analysis of more than 200 strains belonging to 32 species of the Sporidiobolales indicated that asexuality seems to originate frequently from sexual lineages, but does not seem to persist long enough to form truly asexual species devoid of MAT genes. A more in-depth investigation of the red yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor allowed the identification for the first time in the Pucciniomycotina of the complete set of MAT genes. A detailed and multidisciplinary characterization of the mating system in the latter species yielded surprising results. A novel mating system that differs substantially from the two mating paradigms in basidiomycetes, the bipolar and tetrapolar systems, was brought to light. Given the basal phylogenetic position of the Pucciniomycotina within the Basidiomycota, this new system designated pseudo-bipolar, constitutes a significant contribution to the study of the evolution of MAT systems in fungi.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - PhD grant(SFRH/BD/29580/2006)
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Ibrakovic, Arnela. ""Den här typen av cancer är en fulcancer, det är svårt att vänja sig vid" : En kvalitativ studie om kvinnors upplevelser av sexualitet och sexuell funktion efter kirurgi i ändtarmen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41303.
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Den här typen av cancer är en fulcancer, det är svårt att vänja sig vid. En kvalitativ studie om kvinnors upplevelser av sexualitet och sexuell funktion efter kirurgi i ändtarmen. Examensarbete i sexologi, 30 högskolepoäng. Malmö Universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2020. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kvinnor som behandlats för ändtarmscancer upplever sexualiteten och den sexuella funktion genom att belysa frågor om den fysiska kroppen, interna processer som tankar och känslor samt yttre faktorer som sammanhang. Ambitionen med studien är att bidra med kunskap till professionella som möter cancerpatienter. Empirin i studien innefattar 7 semistrukturerade intervjuer som har analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Teman som framkom var; kroppen, hjärnan och kontexten, tankar om normalitet och upplevelsen av en avvikande kropp, den sexuella personligheten, sex i ett sammanhang; distinktionen mellan lust och incitament, strategier för att hantera utmaningar samt tankar om bemötande inom vården. Studien visar på att individuella variationer som grundas på kvinnornas kognitiva scheman påverkar hur sexuellt relevanta handlingar tolkas och vilka beteenden som följer, vilket är viktigt att beakta efter cancerbehandling. I materialet sågs ett samband mellan negativa tankeprocesser samt upplevda sexuella problem. Genomgående hos flera av informanterna fanns en rädsla för att bli dömd, av partner och av andra människor i allmänhet. Att få cancer i ändtarmen tolkades som stigmatiserande, genom att förlora en funktion som tidigare har kunnat styras mer diskret, upplevde flera av kvinnorna att det hämmade deras liv. Professionellt bemötande var betydelsefullt för den sexuella rehabiliteringen och för att hitta strategier som fungerar efter avslutad behandling.This kind of cancer is the ugly kind, it’s difficult to get used to. A qualitative study of women’s experiences of sexuality and sexual function after rectal surgery. Master Thesis in Sexology, 30 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social Work, 2020. The purpose of the study was to investigate how women who have been treated for colorectal cancer experience sexuality and sexual function with focus on questions considering the physical body, internal processes such as thoughts and feelings, and external factors such as context. The ambition of the study is to contribute knowledge to professionals in healthcare who meet cancer patients in general. The empirical data in the study includes 7 semi-structured interviews that have been analysed through qualitative content analysis. The themes that emerged were; body, brain and the context, thoughts about normality and the experience of an abnormal body, the sexual personality, sex in a context; the distinction between desire and incentives, strategies for dealing with challenges and perspectives on healthcare. The study shows that individual variations based on women's cognitive schemas influence how sexually relevant stimuli are interpreted and affects the behaviours that follow, which is important to consider after cancer treatment. The study shows a connection between negative thoughts and perceived sexual problems. The informants presented a fear of being judged, by partners and in general. Cancer in the rectum was interpreted as stigmatizing by losing a function that previously could be discreetly controlled, several of the women felt that they were inhibited in their lives. Professional help was important for sexual rehabilitation and finding positive sexual strategies.
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Eagle, C. "Mating-type genes and sexual potential in the ascomycete genera Aspergillus and Penicillium." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10905/.
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Mating-type and other ‘sex-related’ genes in the filamentous ascomcyete genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, were examined to investigate the potential sexual capacity of supposedly asexual species and also the possible evolutionary route and ancestry of mating strategy and mating-type genes. Two heterothallic and one homothallic sexual species were screened to determine the presence and genomic organisation of mating-type genes. An additional gene has previously been detected in Neosartorya fischeri, N. fumigata and Penicillium marneffei. This gene was also detected and sequenced in the heterothallic species, Emericella heterothallica and the homothallic species, Eurotium repens. The expression of this gene was investigated under conditions that cause expression of mating-type genes in these species. Mating-type and other ‘sex-related’ genes were investigated in asexual Aspergilli that have been genome sequenced. Expression of mating-type, α-factor pheromone precursor, pheromone receptor and two transcription factor encoding genes were also investigated. Gene expression varied between species, but no genes displayed mating type-dependent expression. Previous studies had developed a degenerate PCR diagnostic approach to identify putative MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 gene fragments. This degenerate PCR diagnostic was performed on Penicillium species in the subgenus Penicillium to determine the presence or absence of mating-type genes. Mating-type gene fragments or whole open reading frames were sequenced from four of these Penicillium species. RT-PCR analyses were also performed on these species, and MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 gene expression was confirmed in three of the four Penicillium species. The overall structure of the mating-type loci and idiomorphs of the Aspergillus and Penicillium species revealed certain common features. The ancestral mating strategy of the Eurotiomycetes has been suggested to be homothallism. Whilst this remains possible, alternative evolutionary scenarios are suggested from this investigation.
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McGhee, Katie E. "Behavioral types and sexual selection in the bluefin killifish." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11062009-113936/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: Joseph Travis, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on May 4, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 137 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Higgs, Tamsin. "Sexual murderers : psychological and criminological factors in diverse types." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39804/.
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Studies of sexual murder are abundant, but an empirically supported understanding of this type of crime and its perpetrators is limited in important ways. The overall aim of this thesis was to work towards a theoretical model recognising that sexual murder is a heterogeneous concept. Also, the thesis aimed to understand sexual murder in the wider context of sexual aggression against adult women. First, a systematic review was conducted to clarify the existing typologies of sexual murder. Three consistently observed subtypes were found. These were labelled sexualised murder, grievance murder, and rape murder. A behaviour that could be used to differentiate groups was post mortem sexual interference (PMSI), indicative of sexualised murder. Subsequently, a study was conducted comparing subgroups of sexual murderers (those who had engaged in PMSI, and those who had not), and rapists, on developmental factors, adult lifestyle, and criminal career. The main finding was that the groups responded differently to early adversity. Difficulties with social and sexual relationships leading to the development of sadistic interests, as opposed to pervasive antisociality, distinguished PMSI sexual murderers from rapists, while non-PMSI sexual murderers were largely similar to rapists. However, although the role of psychopathy in sexual aggression is debated, no group was strongly characterised by psychopathy in the present study. A secondary study was conducted to verify that this finding was not associated with limitations in the assessment tool used (the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version [PCL: SV]; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995). Good psychometric properties were found. Next, a case study demonstrated the functional heterogeneity of the act of killing under the broadly defined term ‘sexual murder’, and highlighted the importance of this in forensic case formulation and intervention. Finally, drawing on the findings of the present research, a new model of sexual murder is proposed to address some of the issues discussed in this thesis.
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Kingsnorth, Crawford. "Identification of genes regulated by the A mating type of Coprinus cinereus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320618.
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Ramkissoonsingh, Ravi. "The effects of abuse type and complainant symptomatology in a simulated sexual abuse trial." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/MQ48407.pdf.
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Kress, Stephanie C. "Women's risk of sexual coercion through type of responding personality characteristics and typical behaviors /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-2/rp/kresss/stephaniekress.pdf.
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Ramkissoonsingh, Ravi Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The Effects of abuse type and complainant symptomatology in a simulated sexual abuse trial." Ottawa, 1999.
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Wilson, Susan M. "Factors Predicting the Type of Tactics Used to Resist Sexual Assault: A Prospective Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1314296269.
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Jahn, Linda. "Women Who Survived Childhood Sexual Abuse: Do Their Coping Strategies Vary by Personality Type as Measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278897/.
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Through a phenomenological qualitative approach, this study examined possible differences of introverted versus extraverted adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse with regard to the coping mechanisms they chose. Preference modalities of introversion and extraversion were measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and data was collected through a semi-structured interview designed by the researcher. The interview contained questions about the 21 subjects' perceptions of their abuse and the ways in which they coped. Specific coping mechanisms included but were not limited to eating disorders, alcohol and/or drug abuse, high risk behavior, depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints. Results indicated that for both groups, the degree to which each of the individual coping mechanisms was used congregated at the level of "a driven pattern of behavior lasting for at least 7 days" or "on-going use resulting in severe problems". Extraverts showed higher percentages of severe use of the six coping mechanisms than did introverts. Depression was the most frequently used coping mechanism of both the introverts and the extraverts. Introverts showed higher percentages of stopping the use of eating disorders, alcohol/drug abuse, high risk behavior, and depression. Extraverts had higher percentages of discontinued use of anxiety and somatic problems. Introverts reported more somatic complaints, while extraverts reported more severe somatic problems. The most often reported somatic complaints of both groups were arthritis, migraines, sleep difficulty, nightmares, and gastrointestinal problems. The majority of each group used most of the coping mechanisms at some time, suggesting a need for therapeutic intervention that considers the possibility of difficulties stemming from combined use of many of these coping mechanisms in addition to focusing on the trauma of the sexual abuse itself.
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Kmit, Maria Carolina Pezzo. "Caracterização de genes associados ao tipo de reação sexual em Sporisorium scitamineum, agente causador do carvão da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-21032014-105651/.
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Sporisorium scitamineum é um fungo basidiomiceto causador do carvão da cana-de-açúcar, uma doença com impacto negativo no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, e com ocorrência em todos os países produtores. A manifestação da doença na cultura da cana depende da formação de uma hifa dicariótica a partir da anastomose de duas hifas haplóides compatíveis com relação ao tipo de reação sexual (mating-type). O controle do cruzamento sexuado (mating) é realizado pela expressão de um conjunto de genes presentes em dois loci, a e b. O locus a codifica um lipopeptídeo com função de feromônio e um receptor de feromônio, responsáveis pelo reconhecimento de células compatíveis e fusão de hifas, enquanto o locus b codifica fatores de transcrição que controlam a expressão de genes responsáveis pela manutenção das hifas dicarióticas durante o processo de infecção e crescimento do fungo dentro da planta. Apesar de desempenharem função essencial no processo de infecção e manutenção da doença em cana-de-açúcar, o conhecimento a respeito da organização genômica ou da função dos demais genes presentes nos loci a e b em S. scitamineum e em outros fungos causadores de carvão é ainda incipiente. Desta forma, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi isolar as regiões genômicas relacionadas aos genes de cruzamento em S. scitamineum e analisar comparativamente com regiões similares já descritas e depositadas em bancos de dados públicos. Para o isolamento destas regiões, foi construída uma biblioteca genômica em BAC de uma linhagem haplóide de S. scitamineum, a Ssc39 (+), isolada de uma variedade de cana-de-açúcar com sintomas de alta susceptibilidade. Foram selecionados 11 clones por PCR. Os insertos foram sequenciados e utilizados para confirmação da montagem dos loci no sequenciamento do genoma do fungo. Apesar do fungo S. scitamineum apresentar sistema bipolar de reação sexual assim como o fungo U. hordei, as análises comparativas de ambos os locus indicaram que S. scitamineum apresenta maior similaridade com o fungo S. reilianum principalmente com o alelo a1, no qual apresenta sistema tetrapolar de reação sexual. A anotação e caracterização dos genes do tipo de reação sexual (mating type) possibilitaram a comparação e melhor entendimento sobre esses genes de grande importância na patogenicidade e no ciclo de vida do fungo.Sporisorium scitamineum is a basidiomycete fungus causing the smut disease in sugarcane, with a negative impact on the cultivation of sugarcane, and occurring in all producing countries. The manifestation of the disease in sugarcane crop depends on the formation of a dikaryotic hyphae originated of the anastomosis of two haploid mating type compatible cells. The control of the sexual crossing (mating) is performed by expression of a set of genes present in two loci, a and b. The locus a encodes a lipopeptide with the function of pheromone and pheromone membrane receptor responsible for cell recognition and compatible hyphal fusion, whereas the locus b encodes transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for the maintenance of the dikaryotic hyphal growth in plant. Although they play an essential role in the maintenance of infection and disease in sugarcane process, knowledge about the genomic organization and function of other genes in these two loci of S. scitamineum and other smut fungi is still incipient. Thus, the overall goal of this work was to isolate genomic regions related to the mating type in S. scitamineum and to perform a comparative analyze with similar regions described and deposited in public databases. For the isolation of these regions, we constructed a genomic BAC library of a haploid strain of S. scitamineum, the Ssc39 (+), isolated from a variety of sugarcane with symptoms of high susceptibility. Eleven clones were selected by PCR. The inserts were sequenced and used to confirm the assembly of both loci in the genome sequencing of the fungus. Although S. scitamineum belongs to the class of bipolar system of sexual response as well as the fungus U. hordei , the comparative analysis of both loci indicated that S. scitamineum shows greater similarity to the S. reilianum mainly with A1 allele, which has a tetrapolar system sexual response. The annotation of the genes and characterization mating type genes enabled the comparison and better understanding of the importance of these genes in the life cycle of the fungus.
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Taylor, Desta, and Stacey L. Williams. "Partner Violence Types, Sexual Assault, and Psychosocial Outcomes Among Women." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8123.
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In 2002, 28.9% of women reported experiencing some form of intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime (Coker et al., 2002). Previous literature has linked IPV with negative mental health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and low self esteem (Coker et al., 2002). Few studies have examined the relationship between different types of IPV (physical, psychological, sexual abuse and assault) and outcomes. The studies on IPV types to date have examined their links with mental illnesses and pathologies (i.e. Coker et al., 2002; Hazen et al., 2008; Hedtke et al., 2008), but less so to broader psychosocial variables such as perceived control. In a previous study of ours, we examined perceived control as a possible mediator between IPV in general and outcomes of anxiety and self-esteem (Taylor & Williams, 2009). The present study extends this prior work by assessing the relation between different types of IPV (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual abuse by a partner, and sexual assault including self-identification as rape victim) and perceived control and anxiety. Participants consisted of 424 female college students at a southeastern university who completed an online survey about various life events they may have experienced and their self-related beliefs. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with all IPV types examined simultaneously, to determine the type(s) the unique relations between each type of IPV and sexual assault and low perceived control and anxiety among women. Results revealed that psychological IPV was significantly related to lower perceived control (b =.250, p<.01) and greater anxiety (b =.386, p<.001). In addition, self identification as a rape victim was significantly related to greater anxiety (b =.252, p<.05). Thus, psychological abuse consistently emerged as uniquely predictive of psychosocial outcomes. Future research should further assess the relations between types of IPV and other psychosocial variables such as self-esteem, and self-efficacy.
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Williams, Jennifer S. "Early and Current Family Environment Among Inpatient Trauma Survivors: Associations with Multi-type Abuse and Sexual Orientation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271916/.
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The present study is an exploratory analysis of associations among sexual orientation, childhood abuse, and characteristics of both early and current family environment in a sample of 80 inpatient trauma survivors. Participants were administered a background information questionnaire, Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule, the Family Environment Scale and other instruments not analyzed in the current study. Multi-type abuse was significantly associated with low expressiveness and independence and high control in the early family, but no associations emerged with current family characteristics. Results suggest that the intergenerational transmission of family organization and moral-religious orientation occurred in the entire sample, and the transmission of family conflict patterns occurred only in the L/G/B group. Overall, participants perceived improvements in their current family environments compared to their early family environments. Findings yield support for the sexual minority stress model and mixed support for the intergenerational transmission of family characteristics.
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Crockett, Jason Lee. "Narratives of Racial Sexual Preference in Gay Male Subculture." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204275.
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My dissertation uses multiple methods to introduce the novel concept of racial sexual preference - individuals’ preferences for a sexual or romantic partner based on race. This project builds on an insight from Daryl Bem’s “Exotic Becomes Erotic” theory of sexual development: a diverse set of sexual preferences exists beyond gender. I argue the very real social consequences of race make preferences in regard to it (sexual or otherwise) an important area for systematic study. I focus on gay male subculture, which has uniquely developed a terminology for expressing racial preferences. I investigate how racial preference is understood and organized within this subculture by collecting gay men’s sexual history narratives of cross-race preferences through interviews, as well as collecting archival materials from the national organization Black and White Men Together (BWMT) that pertain to racial sexual preference. I find that racial sexual preferences are experienced early in the life course and are consistent over time, similarly to experiences of gendered sexual orientation, though generally less exclusive. Unlike gendered sexual orientation, identities are unlikely to form in relation to racial sexual preferences because there is little ideological structure to support expression of cross-race racial preferences. Even within the organizational structure of BWMT, founded to support racial sexual preferences, over time I find a decrease in discourse and identity related to racial sexual preference (in favor of a colorblind ideal of preferences). I end my study by using the concept of racial sexual preference, supported by the findings from interviews and case study, to build on and challenge the theoretical work of Daryl Bem, Lisa Diamond, and James Giles in the area of sexual development and desire.
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Fawcett, David. "The Influence of Profession and Therapy Type for the Cost Effective Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3017.
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Sexual dysfunctions are serious mental health issues that impact an estimated one in three Americans. Due to the complex, relational nature of most sexual dysfunctions, mental health professionals trained to work with couples and their relationship interactions are likely to have better outcomes when treating clients with sexual dysfunction. Data from CIGNA Health Solutions was analyzed to explore differences in therapy outcome for various types of mental health professions when treating clients with sexual dysfunctions. The current research is a retrospective analysis of administrative data that explores whether or not type of profession (i.e. psychologists, Masters of social work, marriage and family therapist, or professional counselor) influences the outcome of mental health treatment. This study also explores whether therapy modality (i.e. individual, conjoint, or mixed mode, a combination of individual and conjoint therapy) influences therapy outcome. Treatment outcome was measured by recidivism rates, client drop out from therapy, the total number of sessions, and cost of treatment. Participants included 230 males and 189 females ages 18 to 101 (M =38.9, SD = 11.4) who received treatment for sexual disorders from 2001 to 2006. Participants were from all regions of the United States. Results indicate that overall, psychotherapeutic treatment for sexual dysfunctions is relatively brief, averaging about seven sessions across all professions. Results suggest that marriage and family therapists treat sexual dysfunctions using a conjoint and mixed mode approach more frequently than therapists with other licenses. Results also suggest that mixed mode therapy has drastically lower dropout rates and longer retention than individual or conjoint therapy. These results suggest that utilizing a combination of relational and individual sessions is beneficial to the treatment of sexual dysfunctions.
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Kitade, Yuki. "Functional analysis of signaling components regulating pathogenicity and asexual/sexual development in Bipolaris maydis." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242717.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第21840号
農博第2353号
新制||農||1069(附属図書館)
学位論文||H31||N5212(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 田中 千尋, 教授 本田 与一, 准教授 刑部 正博
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Dahlbäck, Simon, and Marcus Pettersson. "The Association Between Different Types of Psychopathic Traits and Peer Harassment: The Moderating Role of Gender." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72388.
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The purpose of the study was to examine whether gender moderated the association between psychopathic traits and peer harassment, as well as examining each psychopathic trait individually alongside the different harassment forms. Secondary data from the Seven School project was used which collected its data from seven middle-sized schools in Sweden. Besides descriptive and correlation analyses, a series of hierarchical regression models were used. The results show that boys in general scored higher than girls on both psychopathic traits and peer harassment. Also, impulsivity predicted peer harassment and so did gender in all outcome steps except for step 1 and 2 for personal harassment. However, gender didn’t moderate the effect between psychopathic traits and peer harassment except for sexual harassment and impulsivity. The conclusion of the study is that impulsivity is a major concern in peer harassment whilst grandiosity and callous-unemotional does not seem to be of major concern. Also, the moderating role of gender only had an effect on impulsivity and sexual harassment in males.Syftet med studien var att undersöka om kön modererade kopplingen mellan psykopatiska drag och trakasserier bland jämnåriga. Samt även att undersöka de olika psykopatiska dragen separat tillsammans med de olika trakasserierna. Sekundärdata från ”Sju skolor” projektet användes som hämtade in sin data från sju medelstora skolor i Sverige. Utöver descriptive- och korrelationsanalyser, utfördes även en serie av hierarkiska regressionsmodeller. Resultatet visar på att pojkar generellt får högre resultat på psykopatiska drag och trakasserier än flickor. Impulsivitet förutsäger trakasserier bland jämnåriga och det gjorde även kön i alla resultatsteg förutom steg 1 och 2 för personliga trakasserier. Däremot så modererar kön inte effekten mellan psykopatiska drag och trakasserier förutom sexuella trakasserier och impulsivitet. Slutsatsen av studien är den att impulsivitet är ett stort problem för trakasserier bland jämnåriga medan grandiositet och känslokallhet inte verkar vara ett större problem. Den modererande koppling mellan könen hade bara en effekt på impulsivitet och sexuella trakasserier bland män.
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Klingemann, Sven D. "Adolescent romantic and sexual relationships partner types, quality and mental health /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3232570.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 9, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: A, page: 3169. Adviser: Jane McLeod.
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Bergman, Catharina, and Josefine Jönsson. "SEXUELLA TRAKASSERIER MOT BIBLIOTEKSPERSONAL : Typer, strategier och konsekvenser." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149881.
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Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie undersöker åtta biblioteksanställdas upplevelser av sexuella trakasserier från biblioteksbesökare på biblioteket som arbetsplats för att beskriva vilken typ av sexuella trakasserier de erfarit samt hantering och följder av dessa i termer av strategier och emotioner. Sammanfattningsvis har studiens deltagare upplevt sexuella trakasserier i form av verbal och fysisk karaktär, liksom stirrande, gester och stalkning. För att undvika sexuella trakasserier från biblioteksbesökare och hantera dem då de uppstår har individuella, kollegiala och i viss mån institutionella strategier utvecklats. Studien visar också att känslor av skam och skuld är förekommande som följd av sexuella trakasserier. Som teoretisk ansats har de biblioteksanställdas berättelser om sexuella trakasserier från biblioteksbesökare analyserats utifrån begrepp som skuld, skam, offer, känsloarbete, performativitet, den manliga blicken, respektabilitet, stereotyper och praktisk klokhet. En problematisering av begreppet sexuella trakasserier görs. Studien drar slutsatsen att biblioteket i det att det är en plats till vilken alla människor har tillträde, liksom dess funktion som social och informationsförmedlande institution skapar gynnsamma förutsättningar för att sexuella trakasserier från besökare initieras. Serviceaspekten av biblioteksanställdas yrkesroll innefattar ett trevligt bemötande av alla besökare, vilket ställer den anställda inför såväl dilemman som ansvarskänsla då sexuella trakasserier upplevs. De biblioteksanställda utvecklar främst individuella, men också kollegiala strategier samtidigt som arbetsköparens ansvar ofta brister.
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Gibson, Sara L. "Can Enthusiastic Consent Be Sexy? The Influence of Consent Type on Perceived Enjoyment and Sexiness of Sexual Encounters Related to Sexual Scripts and Consent Attitudes." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10245312.
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Recent efforts to improve sexual assault issues within American universities are being pursued diligently. Many of these efforts include changes to college campus policies regarding sexual consent, often by mandating affirmative consent. The current study investigated perceptions of different types of sexual consent related to sexual script endorsement and consent attitudes in order to better assess how receptive college students may be to affirmative consent standards.
An online survey included four vignettes that were constructed to depict processes of sexual consent that differed in the enthusiasm with which the female character indicated her consent. Perceptions of the vignettes were evaluated regarding sexiness of the content and each character’s enjoyment and internal consent. Further items assessed comparative evaluations of the vignettes. The Sexual Script Scale, External Consent Scale, and Sexual Consent Scale-Revised were also included in the survey. We expected that enthusiastic consent processes would be evaluated more positively than the unenthusiastic ones. We also predicted these evaluations would be significantly related to endorsement of traditional sexual scripts, external consent behaviors, and consent attitudes.
Full to partial support was found for each of our hypotheses, suggesting that college students are indeed receptive to affirmative consent regarding perceived enjoyment and sexiness when depicted as enthusiastically given.
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Almeida, Ludimila Dias 1991. "Regulação da transcrição gênica e bases moleculares do desenvolvimento sexual homotálico do fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316755.
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Orientador: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães PereiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T17:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_LudimilaDias_M.pdf: 4371531 bytes, checksum: 15deaceac3a09118222822415b70daaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: O ciclo sexual de basidiomicetos é controlado pelo sistema mating type. Este é formado por dois loci multigênicos não ligados A e B, o locus A codifica duas proteínas homeodomínio HD1 e HD2, capazes de heterodimerização, enquanto o locus B apresenta genes para receptores de feromônio e feromônios. Em fungos heterotálicos, o desenvolvimento sexual depende da especificidade entre os quatro alelos, sistema este chamado tetrapolar, e é ativado apenas por interações específicas entre alelos parentais necessariamente diferentes, assegurando que hifas geneticamente iguais sejam incompatíveis. Em contrapartida, a condição na qual hifas geneticamente iguais são compatíveis é denominada homotalismo. Fungos basidiomicetos são tipicamente heterotálicos, no entanto, apesar de pertencer a este filo, o fitopatógeno Moniliophthora perniciosa, causador da doença Vassoura de Bruxa no cacaueiro, é classificado como homotálico primário. Curiosamente, apesar desta classificação, M. perniciosa contém um sistema genético tetrapolar, sendo o primeiro fungo descrito com essa característica. Neste trabalho, foi realizada a caracterização dos loci mating type em M. perniciosa e verificamos o perfil transcricional destes genes com o objetivo de entender os mecanismos moleculares que atuam no seu comportamento homotálico. Primeiramente, foram identificados no genoma um locus A e um locus B, além de genes atuantes no processamento e sinalização em resposta aos feromônios. O estudo do perfil transcricional destes genes revelou que um receptor tem um perfil de expressão condizente com a fase do ciclo de vida do fungo na qual ocorre o processo de dicariotização. A análise funcional dos receptores foi realizada em um sistema expressão heteróloga, promissor para o estudo de GPCRs (G coupled proteins receptors), porém não permitiu confirmar a presença de alelos compatíveis de receptores e precursores de feromônios no genoma de M. perniciosa como uma possível explicação ao comportamento homotálico. Tendo em vista o locus A, este é formado por um par MpHD1 e MpHD2, o que difere de outros basidiomicetos devido a inserção de uma sequência (11,958kb) interrompendo seus promotores. A hipótese neste cenário é que o transposon encontrado no locus A poderia ter permitido um crossover desigual que trariam genes compatíveis para o mesmo alelo, sendo responsável pelo homotalismo na espécie. Contrariando essa hipótese, os dados obtidos neste projeto indicam que uma possível transição prévia ao homotalismo resultou em uma pressão seletiva relaxada sobre os loci mating type, cuja consequência foi a degeneração nos genes destes loci. Neste contexto, os genes do mating type poderiam não estar mais envolvidos na dicariotização. Este trabalho, portanto, fornece importantes dados para o entendimento da biologia sexual deste fungo, o que futuramente poderá ser correlacionado a sua fitopatogenicidade
Abstract: The basidiomycetes¿ sexual cycle is controlled by the mating type system. The structure of this system comprises two unlinked multigenic loci, A and B. The A locus codes for homeodomain proteins, HD1 e HD2 which form a heterodimer, and B locus presents pheromone receptors and pheromones. In outcrossing (heterothallic) fungi, sexual development depends on the compatibility of four genes in two different allelic versions in a so-called tetrapolar system, and is strictly activated by specific interactions between different parental alleles, ensuring that genetically identical hyphae are incompatible. The phytopathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa causes Witches¿ broom disease in cacao plants, and it is a typical basidiomycete fungi. However, it completes its sexual development through the crossing of genetically identical hyphae, and is the first described homothallic fungi with a complete tetrapolar genetic system. Here we show the characterization of the mating type loci of M. perniciosa and the transcriptional profile of these genes, to uncover the mechanisms underpinning its homothallic behavior. First, we identified an A locus, a B locus and a set of genes that participates in pheromone processing and signalization. Considering the transcriptional profile of these genes, one receptor shows an expression profile consistent with an involvement in dikaryotization. The functional evaluation of the receptors was performed in a heterologous expression system, a promising tool for GPCR (G coupled proteins receptors) proteins study. This system did not allow the confirmation if M. perniciosa contains compatible alleles for receptors and pheromones, one possible explanation for homothallism. Considering A locus, it codes for a pair MpHD1 and MpHD2, which has a sequence insertion (11,958kb) interrupting their promoters, differing from others basidiomycetes. The hypothesis in this scenario is that the insertion of a transposon could have allowed an unequal crossover that brought together compatible genes in the same allele, causing the homothallism in this species. Interestingly, in an opposite direction, our data indicates that a previous transition for homothallism could have resulted in a relaxed selective pressure on mating type loci, with consequences such as the presence of degenerated genes on these loci. In this context, the mating type genes could not necessarily play a role in dikaryotization process. This work provides valuable data for understanding the sexual biology of M. perniciosa, which hereafter could be correlated with its phytopathogenicity
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestra em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Cayuela, Hugo. "Réponses à un environnement spatio-temporellement variable : sexe, dispersion et tactiques d'histoire de vie chez le sonneur à ventre jaune (Bombina variegata, L.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1034/document.
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Examiner les liens existant entre la variabilité environnementale, les traits d'histoire de vie, la dispersion et les décisions d'accouplement est un enjeu central en Ecologie et en Evolution. J'ai exploré ces questions chez un amphibien, le sonneur à ventre jaune (Bombina variegata). Dans le premier volet de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé à l'influence des variations spatiotemporelles de l'environnement sur les patrons de covariation entre les traits d'histoire de vie, la dispersion et les types comportementaux à l'échelle inter-populationnelle. J'ai examiné comment le degré de stochasticité interannuel de l'habitat de reproduction régule le positionnement des populations le long du slow-fast continuum et génère des syndromes de dispersion parmi les populations. J'ai ensuite analysé les conséquences de ces syndromes sur les patrons de différenciation génétique au sein des populations. Dans le second volet de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé au rôle de la canalisation environnementale dans la stratégie d'histoire de vie de B. variegata et j'ai évalué comment diverses formes de variations météorologiques pouvaient affecter la dynamique de différentes populations. Dans chacune d'elles, j'ai mesuré l'impact de facteurs météorologiques sur des paramètres démographiques tels que la survie, le recrutement et les probabilités de reproduction. Dans le troisième et dernier volet de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé au choix d'accouplement des femelles, en examinant successivement les hypothèses de bons gènes et de gènes compatibles puis en me focalisant sur le rôle de la qualité et de la disponibilité des sites de reproduction sur les décisions d'accouplement des femellesInvestigating the links between environmental variability and life history traits, dispersal and breeding decisions is critical challenge for ecologists. I have examined this issue in anuran, the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata). In the first part of my thesis, I have examined the influence of spatio-temporal variation of the environment on the covariation patterns between life history traits, dispersal and behavioral types at inter-population scale. I have investigated how the level of breeding habitat stochasticity may regulate the position of B. variegata populations along the slow-fast continuum and may promote dispersal syndromes among populations. Then I have analyzed the consequence of such dispersal syndromes on population genetic differentiation. In the second part of my thesis, I have focused on the role of the environmental canalization in the life history strategy of B. variegata and I have evaluated how various forms of weather variation (mean and extreme events) could affect the dynamics of different populations. In each studied populations, I have quantified the impacts of weather variation on various demographic parameters as survival, recruitment and breeding probabilities. In the third part of my thesis, I have investigated female mate choice in B. variegata by successively examining good genes and compatible gene hypotheses, and then by evaluating the role of breeding habitat quality and availability on mating decisions
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Badouin, Hélène. "Génomique évolutive chez les champignons Microbotryum : adaptation et chromosomes de types sexuels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS011/document.
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Comprendre comment les espèces s'adaptent à leur environnement est un des buts majeurs de la biologie évolutive. Il s'agit d'identifier les gènes responsables des caractères adaptatifs, mais aussi de comprendre les mécanismes généraux de l'adaptation, et des phénomènes empêchant une adaptation optimale. Les régions non-recombinantes sont particulières pour ces aspects. En effet, elles peuvent protéger de la recombinaison des combinaisons d'allèles favorables, et inversement, la suppression de recombinaison peut entraîner une dégénérescence, comme une accumulation de mutations délétères ou des pertes de gènes. Même les organismes à reproduction sexuée possèdent cependant souvent de larges régions non-recombinantes, associées à la détermination du sexe génétique ou du type sexuel. Dans cette thèse, j’ai ainsi étudié les traces d’adaptation et de dégénérescence dans des génomes de champignons pathogènes de plantes. Les champignons du complexe d'espèces Microbotryum violaceum, qui causent la maladie du charbon des anthères chez les Caryophyllacées et comptent des dizaines d'espèces spécifiques d’hôtes différents, sont d'excellents modèles pour l'étude des processus génomiques de l'adaptation. Ils possèdent de plus des chromosomes de types sexuels non-recombinants sur une partie de leur longueur. Pour étudier l'évolution des chromosomes de types sexuels, la dégénérescence et l'adaptation à l'hôte dans le complexe M. violaceum, nous avons adopté diverses approches de génomique. En utilisant la technologie PacBio, nous avons obtenu un assemblage complet des chromosomes de types sexuels pour l'espèce M. lychnidis-dioicae. Nous avons montré que la région non-recombinante s'étend sur 90 % des chromosomes de types sexuels, présente un niveau de réarrangements exceptionnel entre les deux types sexuels, et que des centaines de gènes sont présents à l'état hémizygote et ont donc probablement été perdus dans un type sexuel. De plus, la comparaison des génomes d'une douzaine d'espèces de M. violaceum a montré une accumulation de mutations non-synonymes et d'éléments transposables dans les chromosomes de types sexuels. Nous avons aussi étudié la dégénérescence dans le contexte de l'exposition aux radiations ionisantes, en analysant des populations de M. lychnidis-dioicae exposées à différents niveaux de radiation dans la région de Tchernobyl. Nous n'avons pas détecté d'augmentation du taux de mutations non-synonymes par rapport au groupe témoin, ce qui suggère que le champignon est radio-résistant ou que la sélection est plus forte dans la région de Tchernobyl. Enfin, pour étudier l'adaptation à l’hôte, nous avons reséquencé des dizaines des génomes de deux espèces sœurs de M. violaceum. L'analyse du polymorphisme a révélé des balayages sélectifs tout le long des génomes et à des localisations différentes entre les deux espèces. Nous avons identifié un certain nombre de gènes candidats pour l'adaptation à l’hôte dans ces régions de balayages sélectifs, sur la base de leur expression in planta et de leurs annotations. Les gènes sur-exprimés dans la plante montraient d’autre part un taux de substitutions non-synonymes entre les deux espèces sœurs plus élevé que les autres gènes, ce qui suggère qu’une bonne partie pourrait être impliquée dans l'adaptation à l’hôte. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie à une comparaison des génomes de différentes espèces du complexe M. violaceum, d’une part pour reconstituer l'histoire de la suppression de recombinaison dans les chromosomes de types sexuels, et d’autre part pour étudier les bases génétiques de l'adaptation à différents hôtes dans un complexe d’espèces phylogénétiquement prochesUnderstanding how species adapt to their environment is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Scientists aim to identity the genes underlying key adaptive traits, but also to understand more broadly adaptive processes and phenomena that allow or prevent optimal adaptation. Non-recombining regions are particular for these aspects. They can indeed protect adaptive combinations of alleles from recombination, and conversely, suppressed recombination can lead to degeneration, such as accumulation of deleterious mutations or genes losses. Even sexually-reproducing organisms often possess large non-recombining regions associated with sex ou mating-type determination. In this thesis, I therefore studied signatures of adaptation and degeneration in genomes of plant pathogenic fungi. Fungi of the species complex Microbotryum violaceum, with dozens of host-specific sibling species causing anther-smut disease in the Caryophyllaceae family, are particularly good models for addressing the question of the genomic processes involved in host adaptation. Moreover, they possess size-dimorphic, partly non-recombining mating-type chromosomes. To study the evolution of mating-type chromosomes, degeneration and host-adaptation in the M. violaceum species complex, we used a genomic approach. Using PacBio sequencing, we obtained a complete assembly of the mating-type chromosomes of the species M. lychnidis-dioicae. We showed that the non-recombining regions span 90 % of the mating-type chromosomes, exhibit an exceptional level of rearrangements between the two mating-types, and that hundreds of genes are in a hemizygous state and were therefore probably lost in one of the two mating-type chromosomes. Moreover, comparing a dozen of species of the M. violaceum complex revealed an accumulation of non-synonymous substitutions and of transposable elements in mating-type chromosomes. We also studied degeneration in the context of ionizing radiations, by analysing populations of M. lychnidis-dioicae exposed to different radiation levels in the Chernobyl area. We did not detect any increase in the rate of non-synonymous mutations compared to the control group or with radiation, which suggests that the fungi is radio-resistant or that selection is higher in the Chernobyl area. Lastly, we resequenced dozens of genomes of two sibling species of M. violaceum in order to study host adaptation. Analysing polymorphism patterns, we found several selective sweeps along the genome, at different locations in the two species. We identified candidate genes for host-adaptation in the regions of selective sweeps, based on their expression pattern and on their putative functions. In addition, genes up-regulated in planta exhibited a higher rate of non-synonymous substitutions than other genes, suggesting that many of them are likely involved in host adaptation. This work paves the way to a larger comparison of genomes of different species of the M. violaceum species complex, in order to reconstruct the history of recombination suppression on the mating-type chromosomes on the one hand, and to study the genetic bases of adaptation to different hosts in a complex of phylogenetically close species on the other hand
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Belmanaa, Jinane. "Recherche des gènes impliqués dans le développement sexué du champignon Podospora anserina." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806575.
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Le champignon filamenteux, Podospora anserina, possède deux types sexuels, mat+ et mat-, caractérisés chacun par une séquence spécifique. La séquence mat+ contient un seul gène FPR1; la séquence mat- contient trois gènes : FMR1, SMR1 et SMR2. La fonction moléculaire de SMR1 est inconnue, les autres gènes codent des facteurs de transcription qui contrôlent la fécondation (reconnaissance intercellulaire), et le passage d'un syncytium à un hyphe spécialisé binucléé contenant un noyau mat+ et un noyau mat- (reconnaissance internucléaire). Il n'y a pas eu d'analyse exhaustive des gènes impliqués dans la reconnaissance intercellulaire et le mécanisme de la reconnaissance internucléaire est encore inconnu. Afin de déterminer les cibles de FPR1 et FMR1, et les différents mécanismes impliqués, nous avons utilisé une approche microarray. Le profil transcriptomique des souches mat+ et mat- compétentes pour la fécondation a permis d'identifier 157 gènes cibles, et l'analyse transcriptomique des souches mutantes fpr1- et fmr1- a révélé que ces cibles peuvent être soit réprimées, soit activées par FMR1 ou FPR1, ou être sous le contrôle de ces deux facteurs. Ces expériences ont aussi détecté l'existence de 10 gènes activés ou réprimés au même niveau dans mat+ et mat-. La délétion de 32 gènes choisis parmi ces 167 gènes cibles n'a permis de mettre en évidence que deux gènes impliqués dans la fécondation. Les comparaisons des gènes cibles des facteurs de transcription MAT de Gibberella moniliformis et Sordaria macrospora avec ceux de P. anserina révèlent un nombre significatif de gènes cibles communs entre ces espèces, mais ces gènes ont des profils transcriptomiques différents, soulevant la question du rôle de ces gènes cibles. La recherche des gènes cibles de FPR1, FMR1 et SMR2 impliqués dans la reconnaissance internuléaire a été effectuée en comparant le transcriptome des périthèces issus de deux croisements, l'un n'exprimant que les gènes spécifiques mat+, l'autre que les gènes spécifiques mat-. Les résultats ont été interprétés selon le modèle d'identité nucléaire et le modèle de ségrégation aléatoire. Le premier modèle a conduit à l'identification de 27 gènes cibles, tandis que 154 gènes cibles ont été identifiés en appliquant le deuxième modèle. Au total 46 souches mutantes ont été construites. Cependant aucune délétion n'a affecté le développement sexué. En parallèle de ces expériences transcriptomiques, nous avons invalidé tous les gènes à HMG-box de P. anserina. Les résultats montrent que ces derniers ont un rôle très important dans le développement sexué, particulièrement Pa_1_13940 qui code un régulateur des gènes des types sexuels, le premier identifié chez les Pezizomycotina.
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Hayhurst, Nina L. "The effects of alcohol, partner type and impulsivity on sexual risk-taking behavior in college-age women." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/hayhurstn/ninahayhurst.pdf.
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Akther, Farjana. "Sexual Dimorphism in Aortic Function of UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model: Estrogen Specific Responses." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3600.
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Little is known about the interaction between diabetes and sex in vasculature. This study was designed to investigate the effects of estrogen as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D) on aortic function in rats with respect to sex. To test the effects of T2D and sex, UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rat model was used. To study the effects of estrogen, ovariectomized Sprague- Dawley female rats and UCD-T2DM rats at pre-diabetic stage were used and the rats were implanted subcutaneously either with placebo or 17 β-estradiol pellets (60 days release, 1.5mg/pellets). The plasma analytes for metabolic parameters and aortic responses to vasodilator and vasoconstrictor agents were determined. The expression of molecules associated with vascular response (e.g. endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), Nox1, Nox4, intermediate conductance calcium-dependent potassium channels (IKCa) and small conductance calcium-dependent potassium channels (SKCa)) were also evaluated in aortic tissue.
The main objectives of the study were whether 1) sex differences exist in the development of abnormal vascular responses of UCD-T2DM rats, 2) there were changes in the relative contributions of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) in modulating vascular reactivity of aorta, and 3) estrogen replacement improves the aortic function of ovariectomized UCD-T2DM rats at pre-diabetic stage.
In the study of examining the effect of sex and T2D, diabetes significantly impaired relaxation responses to ACh and SNP in aortic rings from female UCD-T2DM rats, however, potentiated the relaxation in males. The responsiveness to PE was significantly enhanced in both diabetic groups regardless of sex. Accordingly, the basal nitric oxide (NO), as indicated by the potentiation of the response to PE after L-NAME, was reduced in aorta of both diabetic groups. Blocking of COX, sGC and NOS completely abolished the relaxation response in female diabetic group whereas male diabetic animals showed a significant remaining relaxation response to ACh. Further incubation of aortic rings of male animals with TEA or TRAM 34 blunted the relaxation responses to ACh in both control and diabetic groups. However, the inhibitory effects of TEA or TRAM 34 on the ACh-induced relaxation in male UCD-T2DM group was greater than their respective controls. By contrast, ACh responses were not affected following incubation with Apamin in either group of male rats. Moreover, protein expression of IKca were significantly higher in male diabetic group compared with the respective controls.
In the estrogen replacement study, treatment with E2 markedly enhanced the ACh responses of aortic rings in both control and pre-diabetic groups compared to respective placebo treated group. Moreover, effect of E2 in improving the ACh induced relaxation response was significantly higher in control group compared with pre-diabetic animals. The responsiveness to PE were significantly reduced in both E2 treated groups. Basal NO level was significantly higher in both E2 replaced groups but in control group the level was significantly higher than the pre-diabetic rats. Also, protein expression level of Nox1 were decreased in E2 treated control and pre-diabetic group but eNOS were enhanced only in E2 treated control groups.
In conclusion, this study suggests that the effects of type 2 diabetes on aortic ring are sex specific and we showed a differential contribution of EDRFs in male UCD-T2DM rats. Furthermore, our data suggests that elevated eNOS and decreased Nox1protein level may contribute to the higher impact of estrogen in ovariectomized control groups compared to the pre-diabetic rats.
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Bec, Sladana. "ROLE OF THE SEXUAL CYCLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN Gibberella zeae." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_etds/2.
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Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) is a homothallic ascomycete pathogen that is responsible for causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat and small grains. In addition to causing a reduction in yield, harvested grain is frequently contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins that are harmful for human and animal health. Use of wheat varieties with resistance to FHB is an important strategy to lower its impact. In order to produce varieties with durable resistance, we must understand the origin and degree of genetic diversity present in the pathogen population. In my research, I focused my efforts on an investigation of the role of mating and sexual development in the generation of genotypic and phenotypic variability in G. zeae. The goal of one part of my work was to develop new genetic markers that can be used to monitor out-crossing and genetic diversity in the population. I also optimized gene deletion protocols for G. zeae so that I could produce mutant and control strains to address my research hypothesis that MAT genes play a direct role in pathogenicity. Application of novel repetitive RFLP probes to a group of G. zeae isolates originating from and near Kentucky revealed a surprisingly high degree of diversity in these local populations. Diversity between locations was greater than that within locations, suggesting the relative importance of local inoculum sources. The probes were also useful as genetic markers for segregation analysis. I crossed two genetically closely related, and commonly used, laboratory strains of G. zeae and found that this resulted in transgressive segregation for both aggressiveness and toxigenicity. I showed that the very high and very low levels of aggressiveness and toxigenicity in transgressive segregants are heritable. I also showed that selfing produced a higher degree of diversity in these traits among the progeny than was observed among conidial progeny. This suggests the presence of epigenetic factors that impact pathogenicity. Sexual behavior in G. zeae is under the control of MATing type genes. I deleted the complete MAT1 locus, and the MAT1-1-1, and MAT1-2-1 genes separately. Deletion of each of the targeted sequences produced the expected shifts in fertility phenotype. The mat1KO strains became asexual, while mat1-1-1KO and mat1-2-1KO strains shifted to obligate heterothallism. Deletion of the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes had a negative effect on aggressiveness and mycotoxin production in planta, but deletion of the complete MAT1 locus had no effect. The set of mutant and ectopic control strains that I generated will be a useful asset that will be made available to the research community.
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Eilefors, Carola, and Michaela Nordgren. "Hur påverkas unga människors sexuella beteenden av olika typer av sexualundervisning? : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5999.
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Sexuellt beteende kan bidra till oönskade konsekvenser hos unga människor. Genom sexualundervisning kan sexuella risktaganden samt oönskade konsekvenser minska hos unga människor. Syftet med denna studie var att studera sexualundervisning och hur den påverkar beteendet hos unga människor mellan 12-24 år. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie där tio vetenskapliga artiklar granskades noga. Artiklarna inhämtades från vetenskapliga databaser. Resultatet från litteraturstudien påvisade att sexualundervisning i skolan var en betydelsefull kunskapskälla då den oftast är obligatorisk samt att en del ungdomar inhämtade kunskap från andra källor som till exempel föräldrar, media och kompisar där sexualundervisningen var otillräcklig. Unga människor visade sig ha en varierad kunskap om sexuell hälsa och skillnader mellan kön, etnicitet och sociala förhållanden konstaterades. Inom ämnet behövs fortsatt forskning, för att öka förståelsen för nödvändigheten av obligatorisk sexualundervisning i skolan och eventuellt på andra arenor.
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Lafleur, Diane. "Influence du type de maladie mentale, du sexe des personnes qui en souffrent et de leur conformité aux stéréotypes sexuels sur les contacts sociaux désirés par les citoyens et citoyennes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25429.pdf.
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Léger, Louis Jean. "Influence d'un traitement de type psychodymamique/béhavioral-cognitif/spirituel sur les états émotionnels des abuseurs sexuels en milieu carcéral." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23714.pdf.
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Hanson, Laura. "Sexual behaviour and serotonergic type 2A stereotypic behaviour in male and female rats, the effects of stress and corticosteroids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0026/NQ46352.pdf.
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Cuellar, Raven Elizabeth. "Relationships of Multi-Type Childhood Abuse and Parental Bonding to Borderline Personality Traits in College Women." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375271697.
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Luedke, Alicia Elaine. "Three types of wartime sexual violence : recruitement and retention of armed combatants in civil war." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45827.
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Most mainstream studies of violence in civil war have focused almost exclusively on lethal forms of violence against civilians, emphasizing the dilemmas of initiating and sustaining an insurgency from the perspective of an armed group’s leadership. Consequently, little research has been conducted to account for what kinds of insurgent organizations will engage in what ‘types’ of wartime sexual violence. By ‘type’ of wartime sexual violence, this paper refers to its purposes as: i.) a reward for foot soldiers and tool of opportunism; ii.) a weapon of war for threatening and intimidating a population; and iii.) a mechanism for facilitating in-group cohesion and discipline. It argues that by extending and elaborating on the logics used to explain lethal violence against civilians, i.e. the recruitment and retention of armed combatants in civil war, analyses can predict the ‘type’ of sexual violence a given armed group is likely to engage in during combat. Focusing on a typology of sexual violence constructed around armed group objectives not only offers a more detailed analytical account of insurgent behavior, but also advances the already limited study of sexual violence beyond subsets, such as rape or gang rape. After presenting this typology, the paper offers a theoretical framework and preliminary set of hypotheses with respect to what kinds of armed groups will commit which of these three types of wartime sexual violence. It concludes with a discussion of mixed method micro-comparative research designs and geographic information systems (GIS) as possible ways for researchers to distinguish between different outcomes of sexual violence in armed conflict.
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Field, Jennifer Cochrane. "A comparison of the efficacy of different swab types in the absorption and elution of spermatozoa." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21150.
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Thesis (M.S.F.S.)Swabs are an integral part of any forensic science “toolkit”. They can be used to gather many types of evidence at crime scenes, in the lab, or even in the hospital or morgue. Cotton swabs have been the traditional choice for most forensic laboratories, and for sexual assault kits. They have been the obvious choice for decades as cotton swabs were really the only option and they were and still are relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. In the past dozen years or so, new synthetic fibers have been incorporated into novel swab designs. Fiber swabs can be made of polyester or rayon, polyurethane foam swabs can be round, narrow, oval or arrow shaped; swabs can also be flocked, or sprayed with strands of material such as nylon. The effectiveness of any type of swab used to collect biological material is based on three characteristics: the ability to pick up the material for which they are designed, the ability to hold that material until processed and then the ability to release as much of that material as possible to be analyzed in the lab. In this study, the efficacy of four different commercially available swabs to collect, store and release spermatozoa was evaluated. Puritan Cotton fiber swabs, Fisher Polyester fiber swabs, Fisher polyurethane swabs, and Copan nylon flocked swabs were all compared for their ability to pick-up and elute cells from solid surfaces. The surfaces included three types of commonly found tile: a smooth glossy ceramic tile, a rough non-porous ceramic tile, and a smooth semi-porous quarry tile. In general, polyester fiber swabs outperformed both the polyurethane foam and the nylon flocked swab when used on all three surfaces (P < 0.05). Polyester swabs were not significantly different from the cotton fiber swabs even though the average number of cells picked-up and eluted was higher overall. Swabs used to collect postcoital samples were also compared. Volunteer couples were given a variety of swabs to use after intercourse. The result of the comparison for the same four swab types when used as postcoital swabs was different from the results of the tile study. After estimating the number of cells collected and released from each swab, a comparison was made within each couple. Nylon flocked swabs yielded the highest level of cellular material overall and foam swabs recovered the least. This study demonstrates the need for further research into different swab types and in what capacities they are to be used in forensic science.
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Finnerty, Keli Lynn. "Risky Sexual Intercourse on Entertainment Television: Comparing Audience Responses to Different Types of Negative Consequence Portrayals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195789.
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This study employed an experimental design to test the effects of exposure to televised portrayals of differing types of negative consequences of casual sex on emerging adults' sexual beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Male and female undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of three viewing conditions. Participants either viewed a program that portrayed negative emotional/social consequences of casual sex (i.e., guilt, regret, embarrassment, disapproval of family and friends), a negative physical consequence of casual sex (i.e., an unplanned/unwanted pregnancy), or a program without any sexual content. Outcomes were assessed immediately after exposure. Five outcome variables were examined: negative outcome expectancies of risky sex, attitudes toward casual sex, attitudes toward condoms, behavioral intentions to avoid casual sex, and behavioral intentions to use condoms. Driven by social cognitive theory, hypotheses address expected differences among the three conditions on these five outcome variables.Hypotheses about the expected effects of portrayals of negative consequences of casual sex were not confirmed. Results indicate that exposure to negative consequences of casual sex on television does not uniformly influence emerging adults' sexual beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Rather, the relationship between exposure and subsequent effects was found to be moderated by their sexual risk experience. Emerging adults with different amounts of sexual risk experience responded differently to the experimental stimuli. Participants who had extensive sexual risk experience were not influenced by the stimuli. However, effects of exposure to the negative consequence conditions were identified among participants who had little to moderate amounts of sexual risk experience. Both the negative physical and emotional/social consequence conditions led these participants to report safer sex outcomes. Findings imply that portrayals of both negative emotional/social and negative physical consequences of casual sex on television have the potential to positively influence the sexual attitudes and behavioral intentions of young people who do not already have substantial sexual risk experience.