Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Types de fibres musculaires'
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Gueguen, Naïg. "Etude des relations entre fonctionnement mitochondrial et types contractiles des fibres musculaires : approche sur mitochondries isolées et fibres perméabilisées." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10122.
Full textBidon, Jean-Claude. "Modifications de la reactivité des fibres musculaires lisses dans l'hypersensibilité de type i." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT13VS.
Full textDolez, Dixsaut Morgane. "Les Laminines participent à la diversification des types de fibres musculaires squelettiques et à la morphogenèse du myotome chez le poisson zébré." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066164.
Full textDI, MARTINO-GAGNIERE HELENE. "Differenciation contractile et metabolique des fibres musculaires au cours de la vie ftale chez le bovin variabilite entre muscles et entre types genetiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF21856.
Full textGueugneau, Marine. "Altérations du muscle squelettique humain lors du vieillissement associé ou non au syndrome métabolique et identification de nouveaux marqueurs." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM06.
Full textMuscle aging (sarcopenia) contributes to both loss of autonomy and decreased capacity to prevent metabolic aggressions, but the mechanisms involved are complex and remain unclear. Therefore in this thesis, we have undertaken a top-down differential proteomic approach to reveal novel potential biomarkers of sarcopenia, and 73 differentially expressed proteins were identified. In addition to alterations of skeletal muscle, aging favors metabolic syndrome (MS), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. However, the effects of MS on skeletal muscle in old individuals have poorly been investigated. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from young (25 years) and old (75 years) men with and without MS, to reveal the importance of age-dependent and MS-associated modifications on fiber-type characteristics. An atrophy of type-II fibers and altered fiber shape characterized muscle aging in lean healthy men. In contrast, increased cross sectional area of fibers, and reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in all fiber types characterized MS, even in active elderly men. Moreover, aging and particularly MS were associated with accumulation of intramyocellular lipid droplets. Finally, while few differences were observed in lean healthy men, the capillary supply was strongly altered in old men with MS. Thereafter, a differential proteomic approach identified 42 potential biomarkers implicated in muscle aging and/or in metabolic syndrome. Overall the results obtained in this thesis may improve our understanding of the factors influencing sarcopenia, and may both identify new regulatory pathways and provide potential therapeutical targets
Cavallini, Ramos Jeanne. "Disproportion des fibres musculaires : revue critique : à propos de 162 biopsies musculaires." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX21911.
Full textLee, Hsiao-lin Briand Yves. "Etude de la protéolyse calcium dépendante et du protéasome dans le muscle de poulet : rôle dans la maturation de la viande." Clermont-Ferrand : Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_113.
Full textLafuste, Peggy Authier François-Jérôme. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la fusion des cellules précurseurs myogéniques humains." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0214091.pdf.
Full textMaunier-Sifre, Laurence Culioli Joseph. "Organisation spatiale du tissu conjonctif intramusculaire Relation avec la texture de la viande bovine /." Clermont-Ferrand : Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_110.
Full textGRAJALES, LAGUNES ALICIA. "Interactions mecaniques entre les fibres de collagene et les fibres musculaires dans la viande au cours du chauffage." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF21124.
Full textGérus, Pauline épouse Daussant. "Modélisation biomécanique de l'interaction tendon-aponévrose-fibre pour estimer les forces musculaires : apport des mesures échographiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22068/document.
Full textThe estimation of forces produced by the muscle-tendon complex around a joint needs the development of a neuromusculoskeletal model. One of essential step of this approach is the modeling by a Hill-type muscle model of the interaction within the muscle-tendon complex between three components: the muscle fiber, the aponeurosis, and the tendon. The objective of this work was to identify the parameters used as input into Hill-type muscle model that play an important role in muscle force estimation and to propose a method to define them. The ultrasonography has been used to estimate in vivo tendon and aponeurosis force-strain relationships, and the in vivo behavior of muscle fiber during the contraction for each subject. In addition, a method was proposed to quantify the model accuracy by estimating the in vivo behavior of muscle fiber and compare it with model outputs. The use of subject-specific definition of Series Elastic Element into the EMG-driven model plays an important role for activity at high level of muscle forces. During maximal isometric contraction, the subject-specific tendon force-strain relationship combined with constraint on initial muscle geometry (i.e., fiber length and muscle thickness) leads to lower estimated muscle forces and to a different behavior for the muscle fiber. Concerning highly dynamic tasks such as running and \textit{hopping}, the use of subject specific force-strain relationship for the tendon-aponeurosis complex allows to estimate higher muscle forces and leads to a heavier decoupling behavior between muscle fiber and muscle-tendon complex.The estimation of forces produced by the muscle-tendon complex needs the development of a neuromusculoskeletal model. One of essential step of this approach is the modeling by a Hill-type muscle model of the interaction within the muscle-tendon complex between three components: the muscle fiber, the aponeurosis, and the tendon. The objective of this work was to identify the parameters used as input into Hill-type muscle model that play an important role in muscle force estimation and to propose a method to define them. The ultrasonography has been used to estimate in vivo tendon and aponeurosis force-strain relationships, and the in vivo behavior of muscle fiber during the contraction for each subject. In addition, a method was proposed to quantify the model accuracy by estimating the in vivo behavior of muscle fiber and compare it with model outputs. The use of subject-specific definition of Series Elastic Element into the EMG-driven model plays an important role for activity at high level of muscle forces. During maximal isometric contraction, the subject-specific tendon force-strain relationship combined with constraint on initial muscle geometry (fiber length and muscle thickness) leads to lower estimated muscle forces and to a different behavior for the muscle fiber. Concerning highly dynamic tasks such as running and hopping, the use of subject specific force-strain relationship for the tendon-aponeurosis complex allows to estimate higher muscle forces and leads to a heavier decoupling behavior between muscle fiber and muscle-tendon complex. Concerning dynamic tasks with low force level such as walking, the estimation of muscle force was not influenced by the Series Elastic Element definition. The ultrasonography appears as a useful tool to personalize neuromusculoskeletal models and could be used for patient with neuromusculoskeletal disorders showing an alteration of tendon mechanical properties allowing to quantify the effect of rehabilitation program
Almeida, Silveira Maria Izabel. "Approche neurophysiologique et biomécanique de l'adaptation du muscle de rat à l'hyperactivité." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP638S.
Full textBADOUI, ABDELMOUNAIM. "Analyse et modelisation des reponses electriques et mecaniques des fibres musculaires squelettiques de mammiferes." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2053.
Full textToursel, Thierry. "Plasticité des caractéristiques contractiles et élastiques des fibres musculaires squelettiques lors de dysfonctionnements neuromusculaires." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-353.pdf.
Full textSegretain, Dominique. "Structure tridimensionnelle du reticulum sarcoplasmique et de l'appareil de golgi dans les fibres musculaires striees." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066657.
Full textSwieb, Salem Yiou René Saadia Eddahibi. "Développement de thérapies cellulaires pour les complications urinaires et sexuelles de la prostatectomie radicale." S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0417525.pdf.
Full textZini, Laurent Yiou René. "La thérapie cellulaire de l'insuffisance sphinctérienne urétrale description d'un modèle animal préclinique et comparaison de 3 techniques de tranferts de cellules précurseurs musculaires /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0337593.pdf.
Full textThériault, Rémy. "Potentiel oxydatif des fibres musculaires chez l'humain, sa variation, son adaptation et son rôle dans l'obésité." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25466.pdf.
Full textBuche, Patrice. "Racine : un systeme d'analyse multi-images de coupes seriees. application a la caracterisation de fibres musculaires." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10020.
Full textCarrier, Lucie. "Anomalie de la libération de calcium dans les fibres musculaires squelettiques de porc atteints d'hyperthermie maligne." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10090.
Full textMetlej, Racha. "Étude du profil immunogénique des fibres révertantes dans la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29039/29039.pdf.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive neuromuscular disease. It is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration, eventually leading to loss of ambulation and death. It is caused by a mutation in the dmd gene which encodes for the dystrophin protein. This mutation alters the normal reading frame of the gene causing the loss of dystrophin expression, essential for the protection of muscles from degeneration, following an effort. However, the majority of DMD patients and mdx mice (animal model of DMD) have rare revertant muscle fibers that express dystrophin. This expression is due to a somatic mutation, which restores of the normal reading frame of the gene and leads to the synthesis of a recombinant dystrophin. It was suggested that the dystrophine expressed by the revertant fibers could induce immunological tolerance, leading to the accumulation of revertant fibers. Alternatively, these rare revertant fibers could induce an autoimmune response that limits the success of therapeutical approaches to induce the expression of dystrophin. The aim of my study was to verify whether the newly formed dystrophin triggers an immune response in the mdx mouse. The Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mdx (dystrophic) and Rag/mdx (dystrophic, lymphopenic) mice were first examined by immunohistochemical staining to compare the number of revertant fibers present in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. This study allowed us to evaluate the influence of the immune system on the presence of revertant fibers. The presence of a potential cellular immune response against dystrophin was then investigated in vivo. Splenocytes from mdx and 10J mice were transferred intravenously into Rag and Rag/mdx. The muscules of these mice were examined by immunohistochemical staining to detect the presence of immune cellular infiltration around the revertant fibers. Finally, to study the humoral response, I examined sera from mdx mice using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting to check for antibodies against dystrophin. My research showed that immunodeficient mice had a significantly higher number v of dystrophin-positive fibers, suggesting that the immune system is involved in the elimination of revertant fibers in immunocompetent mdx mice. In addition, T cells obtained from mdx mice and injected in Rag/mdx mice infiltrated muscles of Rag/mdx mice containing revertant fibers supporting the hypothesis that mdx mice do make a cellular immune response against the dystrophin revertant fibers. However, the mdx mouse serum did not contain any antibodies against dystrophin. These results suggest that revertant fibers do not induce an immune tolerance to the newly formed dystrophin, but on the contrary, they trigger the activation of the immune system. This activation results in a cell-mediated immunity but not a humoral immunity.
Bastide, Bruno Mounier Yvonne. "Plasticité de l'expression de protéines clés du couplage excitation-contraction du muscle squelettique dans un modèle d'atrophie fonctionnelle." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-251-252.pdf.
Full textSynthèse de travaux en français et articles publiés en anglais reproduits dans le texte. N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 396. Résumé. Curriculum vitae. Pagination multiple pour les articles reproduits. Bibliogr. p. 150-188 et à la suite des articles. Liste des publications.
GONDRET, FLORENCE. "Caracteristiques des fibres musculaires et des lipides intramusculaires chez le lapin : effets de l'age et de l'alimentation." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAP0026.
Full textCARIO-TOUMANIANTZ, CHRYSTELLE. "Le couplage excitation-contraction des fibres musculaires lisses geantes de beroe ovata. Supports structuraux et signalisation calcique." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE5034.
Full textPOULAIN, CHRISTINE. "Etude de quelques proprietes pharmacologiques et fonctionnelles des courants potassiques des fibres musculaires de la larve de drosophile." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066678.
Full textPouvreau, Sandrine Jacquemond Vincent. "Régulation du couplage excitation-contraction par le cholestéro et l'oxyde nitrique dans la fibre musculaire squelettique de souris." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/32/88/PDF/PouvreauS.pdf.
Full textPater, Christine. "Electrophysiologie du canal ionique lent des fibres musculaires cardiaque et squelettique de grenouille aspects fonctionnels de la conductance calcique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600259k.
Full textChauvigné, François. "Différenciation et diversité typologique des fibres musculaires au cours du développement de la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S003.
Full textPater, Christine. "Électrophysiologie du canal ionique lent des fibres musculaires cardiaque et squelettique de grenouille : aspects fonctionnels de la conductance calcique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112210.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of functional characteristics of the slow channel in frog cardiac and skeletal muscle fibres. The measurement of the slow inward current carried, in part, by calcium ions, is performed under different experimental conditions: addition of cadmium, lowering of pH, substitution of calcium ions by strontium in the perfusion med tum. The double sucrose gap voltage clamp technique is used. The slow inward current in cardiac fibres is inhibited by cadmium ions in a specific manner. The blockade of the slow inward current is concentration and voltage dependent. Moreover, cadmium ions compete with calcium for a common binding site. By contrast, the black obtained by protons, occurs in a non-competitive fashion. The lowering of extracellular pH does not modify the inhibitory effect of cadmium ions. These results suggest the existence of two binding sites within the slow channel. The first proton-inaccessible site would be located at the external mouth of the channel, and the second, proton-inaccessible and divalent cation-sensitive, inside the channel. Furthermore, the calcium permeability would be controlled by "high-affinity" and "low-affinity" sites within the s low channel. This technique applied to cut-ends skeletal muscle fibres, allows the study of the effect of pharmacological substances on membrane conductance’s when they diffuse internally. The pharmacological properties of the slow channel are similar to those of the slow channel in cardiac tissue. Besides, the substitution of calcium ions by strontium ions shows the existence of an outward current when the membrane is strongly depolarized. This pharmacologic parallel of the outward current with the slow current suggests that this current carried by potassium ions, flows through the slow channel. In the same way that in cardiac tissue, two sites of different affinity have also been shown in skeletal muscle preparation
Jospin, Maëlle Allard Bruno. "Caractérisation électrophysiologique in situ à l'aide de la technique de Patch-Clamp de la cellule musculaire striée du Nématode Caenorhabditis Elegans." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/37/69/PDF/JospinM.pdf.
Full textPasquet, Benjamin. "Etude de la spécificité de la commande motrice et de sa régulation pendant différents types de contractions musculaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210280.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Jdaïaa, Hassan. "Étude de la conductance aux ions Ca2+ des membranes impliquées dans le couplage excitation-contraction des fibres musculaires squelettiques de crustacé." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10139.
Full textConjard, Agnès. "Effets de l'insuffisance rénale et d'une myopathie mitochondriale sur les activités enzymatiques du métabolisme énergétique dans les fibres musculaires uniques humaines." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T126.
Full textMazaleyrat, Kilian. "Modélisation de pathologies neuromusculaires par la co-différenciation dirigée de cellules souches pluripotentes induites, en fibres musculaires innervées par des motoneurones." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0127.
Full textInduced pluripotent stem cells obtained by reprogramming of primary somatic cells have revolutionized the cell biology and disease modeling fields. However, modeling human skeletal muscle and neuromuscular disorders has been hindered by a limited number of protocols for generation of mature muscle fibers with sarcolemmal organization. Through simultaneous co-differentiation of hiPSC into muscle cells and motor neurons, we developed a novel procedure for generating innervated multinucleated mature skeletal muscle fibers. Presence of both cell types greatly enhances myoblast differentiation and yields mature functional millimeter-long multinucleated muscle fibers. Furthermore, this organoid-like culture can be maintained over long periods of time with autonomous cell regeneration thanks to the presence of PAX7-positive cells and extracellular matrix synthesis. This protocol applicable to hiPSCs from healthy individuals was validated in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Myotonic Dystrophy, Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy and type 2A Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy opening new paths for exploration of muscle differentiation, disease modeling and drug discovery
Boytard, Ludovic. "Analyse moléculaire des types cellulaires impliqués dans l'anévrysme de l'aorte abdominale." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825204.
Full textBorrani, Fabio. "Mécanismes de la cinétique de la composante lente de VO2 chez l'homme : hypothèse d'un recrutement de fibres rapides." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON14001.
Full textNicolas, Guillaume. "Rôle des afférences musculaires du groupe I dans le contrôle de la posture et du mouvement chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066560.
Full textBendahhou, Saïd. "Le Canal sodique voltage-dépendant des fibres nerveuses et musculaires du calmar Loligo forbesi. Purification, reconstitution fonctionnelle et approche en biologie moléculaire." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES049.
Full textLobbardi, Riadh. "Rôle de Quaking, protéine de liaison aux ARNm, dans le développement précoce des fibres musculaires lentes et rapides chez le poisson zèbre." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066279.
Full textAllaf, Oula. "Le Muscle epitrochlearis de rat et son adaptation à la demande fonctionnelle." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP0998.
Full textSince a long time, the humanity has given a particular place to the study of athletic gestures. It was discovered that a wide category of muscles existed in living beings and that their evolution occurred due to alterations imposed by their environment. Ln new conditions, some muscles respond in a new pattern and hence adapt themselves to a newly imposed function. This induces a structural and functional re-ordering of the muscles, leading to changes in biochemical and mechanical characteristics which tend to reflect muscle plasticity. Ln our work, a rats were suspended to induce hyperactivity of postural nature in a phasic muscle of the forelimb : the epitrochlearis. Thus, the rat has to use its forelimb to move around or to maintain his posture. Results show that, after 21 days, the epitrochlearis behaves as a slower muscle : fibbers and myosin heavy chains of type 1 are increased, maximal shortening velocity is decreased, resistance to fatigue is improved and stiffness is increased. Thanks to a model including the force-velocity relationship, the role of the myosin light chains in this adaptative process is emphasized. Moreover, an increase in the total number of muscle fibbers is observed. This could be the result of a mitotic division of satellite cells which are able to generate new undifferentiated fibbers. These fibbers should transform themselves into slow fibbers. This study confirms the relationship between fibber types, contractile proteins and mechanical properties. The observed plasticity is certainly related to the original work by the muscle during suspension, notably, the need of an important postural activity
Heck, Carol Sophie. "Ultrastructural features of different types of skeletal muscle fibres : effect of denervation and treatment with nerve extract." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65513.
Full textPeyrat, Jean-Marc. "Comparaison de l'Anatomie et de la Fonction Cardiaque : Statistiques sur l'Architecture des Fibres et Recalage d'Images 4D CT." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635292.
Full textDutrieux, Francois Xavier. "Etude du rôle des proteines QkiA et QkiC dans la myofibrillogénèse précoce et la maturation des fibres musculaires lentes chez le Poisson Zèbre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066576/document.
Full textIn zebrafish, myotomes are organized along the antero-posterior axis within repeated units called somites. Contractile fibers are subdivided into two muscle cell types, the slow muscle fibers and the fast muscle fibers. The slow muscle cells are located on the surface of the embryo body while the fast muscle cells are located deeper in the somite, underneath the slow muscle cells. Myogenesis correspond to transitions from unspecified mesodermal cells to mature and functional muscle fibers. These cellular transitions have been extensively studied. However relatively little is known about early developmental mechanisms that are required to form premyofibrils, neither about maturation processes, during which premyofibrils evolved in contractile myofibers. This process called myofibrillogenesis involved a dynamic assembly of the elementary components of the sarcomere that occurred first in adaxial cells, the muscle precursors of slow muscle fibers. Here we show that QkiA and QkiC, two RNA-binding proteins with STAR domain, are required during the early step of myofibrillogenesis where Moysin proteins are not correctly assembled. This early phenotype leads to a strong and specific alteration in the maturation of thick Myosin filaments at 24hpf. The combined QkiA/QkiC loss of function induced a dissection of thick filaments followed by the accumulation of Myosin proteins at the tip of slow muscle cells in a cell autonomous manner. Interestingly, the loss of function of Mef2C/D, two myogenic enhancers from the same family, induced a similar phenotype. However we have shown that Quaking and Mef2 proteins act in parallel ways to control and regulate myofibrillogenesis. Remarkably, we have seen that the accumulation of Myosin, the dissection of thick filaments and the alteration of the Z-disk, induced by QkiA/C loss of function, are the pathologic phenotypes found in Human Myofibrillar Myopathies (MFM). This subgroup of myopathies has been created recently and very few is known about mechanisms involved in those diseases. We propose that QkiA and QkiC is another regulated system that is required to initiated and maintained myofibrillogenesis
Ducomps, Christophe. "Adaptations fonctionnelles du muscle squelettique à l'exercice de haute intensité : effets sur le collagène, les propriétés mécaniques passives et la distribution des fibres musculaires." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30077.
Full textThe functional adaptations of various skeletal muscles, were investigated in response to a high-intensity exercise training, i. E. Jumping. The mechanical analysis reveals an increase in resistance and passive stiffness of pennate Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) and Rectus Femoris (RF) muscles after training, in addition to a general increase induced by age. This increase in passive mechanical qualities could be linked to an increase in collagen concentration of muscles. .
Motamedian, Farid. "La répartition du colorant dans les fils en nylon : les effets sur le rendement de couleur et les différents types de solidité et sur la réflectance du tissu calculée à partir d'un modèle optique." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textCaron, Marc-André. "Les impacts de l'hypoxie et du tabagisme sur l'atteinte musculaire associée à la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29004/29004.pdf.
Full textFayet, Guillemette. "Vieillissement du tissu musculaire squelettique : données morphométriques nouvelles et analyse des altérations mitochondriales." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066138.
Full textDaval, Nathalie. "Mise en evidence et caracterisation de populations de cellules satellites musculaires comparaison de deux souches de dinde et de deux types de muscle." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10069.
Full textCaron, Nicolas. "Transduction de protéines dans le développement d'un traitement pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21775/21775.pdf.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of dystrophin and leads to progressive weakness in heart and skeletal muscles. Affected boys can only hope to live for 20 years since there is still no effective therapy for DMD. Autologous transplantation of genetically modified myoblasts can restore dystrophin expression, but the rapid death, the specific immune response and limited cellular migration severely limit the efficiency of the treatment. Immortalization, although a risky procedure, is necessary to proliferate myoblasts isolated from dystrophic patients, since by age five; their myogenic cells are practically senescent. Proteins and cargos fused to the Tat protein (HIV) can be internalized in cells and living tissue. The mechanism of Tat internalization is still misunderstood and controversial. Our objectives were to test the susceptibility of muscle fibers to be transduced by Tat fusion proteins, to better understand the mechanism of entry of Tat fusions, to optimize intracellular delivery and to develop techniques allowing the immortalization reversal of myoblasts using Tat-fusion proteins. The low susceptibility of muscle fibers to be transduced and the strong interaction between Tat-fusion proteins and the extracellular matrix surrounding muscle fibers resulted in poor protein delivery. Our work shows that the nuclear localization signal comprised in Tat is not sufficient to confer nuclear delivery to eGFP. The punctuate intracellular distribution, the internalization kinetics, the inhibitory effect of low temperatures and the functional increase exerted by lysosomotropic agents are coherent with a classical endocytosis internalisation mechanism. Our data suggests that Tat-fusion proteins proceed through the endosomal pathway, avoid lysosomes and are then sequestered in the periphery of the nucleus. Hence, improper intracellular trafficking is the main factor limiting the efficiency of Tat-mediated protein internalization. With a better understanding of this internalization mechanism, we were able to optimize the delivery of a Tat-Cre fusion protein to mediate the complete and efficient removal of an oncogene necessary for the proliferation of myoblasts isolated from DMD patients. Therefore this technique should help in the design of a successful treatment based on the autologous transplantation genetically-modified cells.
Fongy, Anais. "Implication potentielle des protéines de fusion mitochondriale dans l'ontogenèse des processus bioénergétiques musculaires chez l'oiseau." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10276/document.
Full textCold-exposed young birds maintain their homeothermy by stimulating mitochondrial oxidations in skeletal muscle. Prolonged cold exposure enhances muscle thermogenic capacities through mitochondrial bioenergetics plasticity which control still remains hypothetical. In mammals, fusion proteins (mitofusins (Mfns) and OPA1 (Optic Atrophy 1)) contribute to the permanent and dynamic changes in mitochondrial networks in multiple cell types. The aim of our work was to characterize the expression of avian homologues of mammalian fusion proteins and to study the variations of their expression during the establishment of bioenergetics processes in growing birds, during an acute or a prolonged cold exposure and finally during nutritional or endocrine challenges. Methodologically, an integrative approach has been used from whole animal (indirect calorimetry) to protein (western-blot) or gene (RT-PCR) expression through measurements of the bioenergetics functionality of permeabilized muscle fibers and isolated mitochondria. Two animal models were used, a species naturally adapted to Antarctica harsh conditions, the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), and a laboratory model, the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata).Our results allowed us to characterize, in birds, the expression of immunoreactive fusion proteins (Mfn2, OPA1) which were homologous to those of mammals. The sequencing of a part of the coding sequence of Mfns genes showed a great similitude between avian and mammalian species. In penguins, the relative abundance of these proteins in muscle mitochondria was modified by growth in the cold and was positively correlated with muscle bioenergetics capacities. In ducks, the respiratory activity and the relative abundance of these proteins were also correlated after a 60h fasting period or,though a lesser extent, after a pharmacological alteration of thyroid status. Our results show, for the first time in birds, the expression of proteins homologous to mammalian fusion proteins. The association between the changes in expression of these proteins and the bioenergetics modifications in skeletal muscle indicates that these proteins could contribute to thebioenergetics plasticity observed in growing chicks. These results suggest that potential modifications of the muscle mitochondrial network organization could play a role in the adaptive responses of organisms to the environmental constraints