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Journal articles on the topic 'Types of businesses'
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1
Kennedy, Jay P. "Asset misappropriation in small businesses." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-01-2017-0004.
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Purpose This paper aims to increase the understanding of the types of insider financial frauds that occur within small businesses by focusing on a sample of businesses that have not employed a certified fraud examiner (CFE) in response to employee theft. Design/methodology/approach The survey data analyzed come from 102 small businesses (100 employees or fewer) in a midsized Midwestern city in the USA, and reflect 125 reported employee thefts. Findings The study results indicate that small businesses that do not hire a CFE report certain thefts with greater and lower frequencies as compared to small businesses that do hire a CFE. For particular types of frauds, CFEs may be no more useful than the efforts of business owners or managers, and other employees. Practical implications There may be important organizational differences between businesses that hire CFEs and those that do not, differences related to the ways in which business finances are maintained, the ways in which specific controls are used and the ability of employees to access business resources. These factors may create business-based opportunity structures that make particular types of insider financial frauds more or less likely to occur within a particular business. Originality/value Existing research on insider financial frauds may not appropriately account for small businesses that cannot afford, or are unwilling, to hire a CFE. The findings discussed in this paper contribute to a more complete picture of the types of frauds that small businesses experience, as well as how these businesses deal with insider theft.
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Joo, Sung-Min. "Local Restaurant Businesses Overseas Advancement of Local Business Types and Impact on Business Performance." Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research 31, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31336/jtlr.2019.7.31.7.307.
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Cosier, Richard A., and Michael Harvey. "The Hidden Strengths in Family Business: Functional Conflict." Family Business Review 11, no. 1 (March 1998): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1998.00075.x.
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Conflict is likely in family businesses. Although some types of conflict are negative and should be minimized, other types are helpful and should be understood and encouraged to improve decisions. Using Jehn's (1997) framework, three types of conflict are identified and related to family business issues. A framework for conflict resolution is presented. Finally, recommendations for introducing and managing positive conflict in family businesses are offered.
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Shealy, Robert. "The Purchasing Job in Different Types of Businesses." Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management 21, no. 4 (December 1985): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493x.1985.tb00145.x.
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Poirier, Joseph A. "Bicycle Lanes and Business Success: A San Francisco Examination." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 7 (August 25, 2018): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792321.
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This paper examines the impacts of bicycle infrastructure on business performance in San Francisco, CA. The purpose of the paper is to provide better information about the potential impacts of bicycle infrastructure on different types of business, thereby improving the planning process and providing more confidence in outcomes for stakeholders. The analysis uses secondary data on business employment and sales to measure the change over time in performance of businesses abutting a bicycle lane intervention, versus the performance of nearby but non-abutting businesses. The paper finds that bicycle lane interventions in San Francisco rarely produce profoundly negative outcomes, and that they are often associated with positive business performance outcomes. It also finds that different types of businesses experience bicycle lane interventions differently, with the implication being that transportation planners need to understand and carefully account for the mix of businesses in implementation sites.
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SERVON, LISA J., M. ANNE VISSER, and ROBERT W. FAIRLIE. "THE CONTINUUM OF CAPITAL FOR SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 15, no. 03 (September 2010): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946710001579.
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Since the 1990s, interest in the role of small and microenterprises (SMMEs) in economic development has garnered considerable attention throughout academic and practioner circles. Widely known for their potential to help stimulate economic growth and as a potential avenue for poverty alleviation, the purpose and promise of small businesses have been widely publicized. However, to date, little research exists that adequately documents the specific capital needs of very small businesses (those with less than 20 employees) and microenterprises (those with less than 5 employees) and their owners at specific points in a business's development and growth. Using data from the 1992 Characteristics of Business Owners Survey, the 2002 Survey of Business Owners and the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances, we analyze the different types of firms in the United States, the amount of capital used by firms of different size and the sources of capital used by firms of different sizes to assess how capital needs and sources differ for those businesses with less than 20 employees. Paying particular attention to businesses owned by women and minorities, we argue that the path of SMMEs differs substantially from the typical path of larger small businesses. In addition, we highlight the implications of our findings and provide our policy recommendations to address them.
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Chen, Shouming, Yuliang Shen, Papiya Naznin, Hui Wang, and Sibin Wu. "Types of Poverty and Entrepreneurial Intention in Bangladesh." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 5 (June 18, 2014): 857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.5.857.
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We used the theory of planned behavior to hypothesize how economic poverty and perceived poverty predict college students' intention to start businesses. Based on the argument that entrepreneurial intention will be based on perception of both feasibility and desirability of a business venture, we tested whether or not people experiencing different types of poverty (the poor, the unsatisfied, and the complacent) have a different degree of likelihood of starting up a business. We collected data from a sample of 350 students in Bangladesh. Our results showed that the poor were the most likely to start a business after graduation, followed by the unsatisfied, and the complacent had the lowest score for probability of starting a business after graduation. Findings and implications of the study are discussed.
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Lee, Myung-Soo, Alvin N. Puryear, Edward G. Rogoff, Joseph Onochie, George W. Haynes, and Ramona Kay Zachary. "Exploring the impact of education on Korean-American entrepreneurs." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-13-01-2010-b004.
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Education has been shown to have myriad effects on people, from increasing their incomes to changing their views of the world. In the area of entrepreneurship, education creates opportunities and increases the rate of entrepreneurial activity. This study explores educationʼs effects on the immigrant entrepreneurship development processes and outcomes in the context of Korean-Americans by comparing a national sample of Korean-Americans with differing amounts of education. The sample is part of the National Minority Business Owners Surveys (NMBOS) carried out by the Lawrence N. Field Center for Entrepreneurship at Baruch College between 2003 and 2005. The authors hypothesize that high-education Korean-Americans will have larger and more successful businesses, have more varying types of businesses, and follow differing paths to business formation. In addition, the authors hypothesize that motivations, goals, and attitudes toward their businesses, families, and their lives generally will be different. Among other things, confidence and level of satisfaction with their business will be higher for the high-education group. The study finds that while the low- and high-education groups vary in their types of businesses, the paths followed into those businesses, and the size of their businesses, they are very similar as to their attitudes, motivations, and family interactions. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Ngo, Thao Thi Phuong, and Thu Thi Mai Do. "THE SUBJECT OF ASSETS VALUATION CONTRIBUTED CAPITAL TO BUSINESS UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF BUSINESS LAW IN 2014." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 28 (December 1, 2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.28.2017.43.
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The article refers to the legal provisions of Business Law in 2014 on the subject of assets valuation contributed capital to the types of businesses: limited liability company, partnership, joint-stock company. This article does not discuss businesses with foreign elements and State businesses. From the analysis of legal provisions, this article has pointed out the limitations of the law on the subject of assets valuation contributed capital to business, and proposed the ways to improvement of the law on this issue.
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Simonova, E. V. "Development Stimulation of Competitive Advantages of the Innovative Business through Benchmarking." Journal of Modern Competition 14, no. 80 (December 31, 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/1993-7598-2020-14-4-54-67.
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The aim of the article is to identify the competitive advantages of small and big innovative businesses through the specific features of benchmarking. As a result of the study, the author identified key aspects for the selection of characteristic types of benchmarking for small and big innovative businesses, the process of periodization within the evolution of benchmarking generations is described, an author’s methodology for benchmarking models constructing for small and big innovative businesses in the context of increasing competitiveness of these economic entities is presented, this approach is based on the system approach to the management model. The author points that the constructed benchmarking system models in the context of increasing competitiveness of business entities on the basis of principles, processes and stages make it possible to determine the competitive position of an innovative company in the market using innovative proposals and best business practices. Also the author proposes to analyse the typology of benchmarking based on the priority of the development of small and big innovative businesses. In accordance with this, the key types of benchmarking for small innovative businesses include internal production, external competition, collective and individual. The author’s toolkit will allow identifying gaps in communication interaction with a focus on stimulating the development of competitive advantages of an innovative business through benchmarking.
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Karadsheh, Louay, and Samer Alhawari. "Applying Security Policies in Small Business Utilizing Cloud Computing Technologies." International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing 1, no. 2 (April 2011): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcac.2011040103.
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Over a decade ago, cloud computing became an important topic for small and large businesses alike. The new concept promises scalability, security, cost reduction, portability, and availability. While addressing this issue over the past several years, there have been intensive discussions about the importance of cloud computing technologies. Therefore, this paper reviews the transition from traditional computing to cloud computing and the benefit for businesses, cloud computing architecture, cloud computing services classification, and deployment models. Furthermore, this paper discusses the security policies and types of internal risks that a small business might encounter implementing cloud computing technologies. It addresses initiatives towards employing certain types of security policies in small businesses implementing cloud computing technologies to encourage small business to migrate to cloud computing by portraying what is needed to secure their infrastructure using traditional security policies without the complexity used in large corporations.
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Rankin, Merry L., and James L. Pease. "Identifying the Environmental Attitudes of Iowa Businesses." Journal of Interpretation Research 8, no. 1 (April 2003): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720300800105.
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Businesses play a vital role in the balance of nature, as they use, control, and affect natural resources, wild areas, and wildlife, both directly and indirectly. This study assessed the environmental attitudes and behaviors of Iowa businesses through a 24 question environmental survey administered by mail to over 700 businesses. Results from the 316 respondents provided an understanding and awareness of Iowa business attitudes and opinions and indicated networking and partnering opportunities for interpreters and other environmental educators. Nearly half of respondents identified their businesses as having a role in providing or receiving environmental education. Certain types of industries were also more likely than others to be involved in specific types of activities and interests. Environmental attitudes of respondents were found to cluster around neutrality with a slight tendency toward being more pro-environmental. Recommendations for utilizing the potential of such educational opportunities are discussed.
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Łukasik, Katarzyna. "The Importance of Organizational Culture for Entrepreneurship in Family Businesses." Journal of Intercultural Management 6, no. 4-2 (December 1, 2014): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2014-0059.
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Abstract The article discusses the issue of the importance of organizational culture for business development of family businesses. In connection with the above, there will be presented the essence and types of organizational culture, leading to the entrepreneurial attitudes of all members of family business. The theoretical part of the article is supported by empirical research, carried out in a selected group of family businesses in various industries in Czestochowa
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Zabludovsky, Gina. "Trends in Women's Participation in Mexican Businesses." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 2 (May 2002): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101299114.
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This article presents the results of research on the importance of women entrepreneurs in Mexico related to the rates of females in the workforce, compared with the total numbers of entrepreneurs in the country and with international trends. The significance of women as owners of micro-businesses and small businesses and the increasing diversification of their companies with respect to different types of business are shown. The article also analyses the relationships between work and family and the important role of women in family business in Mexico.
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SHIELDS, JEFFREY F. "DOES RURAL LOCATION MATTER? THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A RURAL SETTING FOR SMALL BUSINESSES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 10, no. 01 (April 2005): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946705000057.
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Rural settings in the United States have characteristics that present a unique context for small business, often portrayed as adverse. Studies of rural entrepreneurs and small businesses, however, frequently fail to provide data on the rural context and its potential relationship to small business, taking for granted presumed attributes and adverse effects. To develop a better understanding of a rural setting's importance, this research investigated effects of rural geo-demographic and socio-cultural features on 76 small businesses. Results demonstrate that rural geo-demography adversely affects marketability of products and services although there is little adversity for small businesses due to constrained resources (financing, technology, and transportation) or labor issues. Business owners manage their businesses consistent with rural socio-cultural values by relying on strong social ties and word of mouth reputation. However, women-owned businesses experience little adversity due to gender stereotypes. The rural setting considered in the study has varying implications for different types of businesses and for business owners according to how long they have lived in the community. Its effects are neither adverse in all respects nor universal for all small businesses.
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Danes, Sharon M., and Patricia D. Olson. "Women's Role Involvement in Family Businesses, Business Tensions, and Business Success." Family Business Review 16, no. 1 (March 2003): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2003.00053.x.
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This paper is based on a study of 391 family-business-owning couples where the husband is the business owner. The purpose of the study was to examine the work involvement of the wife in the business, the business tensions, and the impact of those tensions on family business success. Fifty-seven percent of wives worked in the business, 47% of whom were paid. Forty-two percent of wives were considered major decision makers. Having more than one decision maker in the business impacted certain types of inclusion tension. Business and family success outcomes varied by level of tensions. There was initial evidence of a threshold where business tensions begin to affect business success negatively.
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Wakwe Lawrence, Anthony, and Damiete Onyema Lawrence. "Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sustainability/Survivability of Micro/Small Sized Businesses in Nigeria." International Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 9 (July 9, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v16n9p1.
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Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is currently the biggest crisis affecting the world. COVID-19 has claimed the lives of millions and is impacting the economic lives, ways of life and at least psychological health of most people. We used Port Harcourt as area of study to understand if sizes and types of these businesses affect sustainability/survivability in relation to the impact of COVID-19. We administered questionnaires to 568 business owners/mangers of 11 business types of the two sizes (micro and small). The information gathered were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative means and also presented graphically. The micro-sized businesses were more successful in terms of their abilities to continue getting patronage, getting supplies, retaining workers and eventually making profit during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. Those whose products were considered more essential in relation to lockdown and health circumstances: fruit sellers, online enabled businesses, Point of Sale units (POS), drugs and petroleum product sellers thrived better than others. Considering the subsistent level of existence of these micro and small sized businesses, their major needs are effective provision of credit facilities and availability of other supportive business interventions including provision of palliatives/relief measures during crisis to real business operators and not to ‘ghosts’ by government and others to sustainably grow their businesses. As population pressure increases, with the attendant rise in unemployment rate, recommendation is made for business entrepreneurial skills to be incorporated into all levels of educational curricula to facilitate greater chance of success for those who choose the business pathway.
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Shujaat, Sobia, Dr Iram Tahir, and Owais Tahir. "Impact of Retail Strategy, Location and Type of Business on Sales: A Case Study of Peace & Love Festival Borlänge." Volume 3, Issue 1 3, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37435/nbr21020401.
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Purpose - This study primarily examines how local retail businesses strategically take advantage of an event like the Peace and Love Festival. The financial effects of the event on these businesses were studied with a focus on whether sales increase or decrease during the Festival. The influence of three important factors was examined; business strategy, location of business and type of business on local businesses’ sales during festivals. The study assessed the impact of specific location and the effect of these festivals on different types of businesses. It uncovers the influence of such events on businesses, particularly on their sales. Overall, such festivals have positive financial effects on all local business, except a few, which are further explored in the study. Methodology- The study adopts a qualitative research method in order to obtain a deeper knowledge of how local businesses take advantage of events and festivals. Primary data has been gathered by interviewing local businesses and respondents from Peace & Love Festival. In total, 22 retailers were approached and interviewed. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used for the research in determining the sample population. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with respondents. The collected data was documented and analysed using interpretivist paradigm and content analysis. Findings- The results indicate that various types of businesses experience different sales effects during such festivals. Location of retail outlets and their effective strategies influence sales. Findings also show that hotels, fast food restaurants, and beverage sectors show higher sales as compared to other sectors. The retail stores showed slight increase in sales, but electronics/appliances stores experienced almost no change, and some even showed negative sales. Practical Implication- Businesses can take maximum advantages of such events and enhance their revenue by adopting different strategies. Governments can take advantage of such studies, and promote festivals as they have influential power on attracting large number of visitors towards the host destination.
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Luo, Tian, and Amar Mann. "High-Tech Business Survivorship: An Analysis By Organization Type." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 9, no. 10 (September 26, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v9i10.5948.
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Previous studies have shown that organizational and environmental factors such as start-up size, number of establishments, start-up year, geographic location, and industry are all significant determinants of a businesss survival rate. However, the link between survival rates and the legal structure of businesses has not been established. This analysis of new and existing high-tech businesses between the years of 1998 and 2009 reveals that given the same organizational characteristics and environmental factors, businesses legally structured as sole proprietorships and partnerships had significantly lower survival rates than did businesses structured as corporations or other organization types. Corporations had the lowest mortality rate among all groups. In comparison, partnerships exited at a 50 percent higher rate than did corporations, while sole proprietorships exited at twice the rate of corporations. This paper models hazard rates over the lifetime of a business and shows that businesses tend to have the highest mortality rates in their second and third years of operation, after which exit rates decrease at a logarithmic rate. Sole proprietorships, however, do not follow this trend as their mortality rate was highest in their first year of operation. In addition, impacts on survivorship of high-tech businesses due to start-up size, number of establishments, industry, and location are measured and compared with findings from previous studies.
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Imanbay, I. A., S. A. Kalenova, and M. N. Orazalinova. "Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 2 (June 13, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-2-105-113.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the current topics on the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the country and support provided to them from the state. In this article, analytical work is carried out on the branches of small and medium-sized businesses, and several types of methodological guidelines are given. The definitions and concepts expressed by several authors regarding social business were presented, as well as the types of business used in foreign practice. The purpose of the study is to present the research and author's proposals of scientists related to the development and effective functioning of small and medium-sized businesses in accordance with the topic, and to present the results of the analysis and research. Often, business development in regional regions is lagging behind. For its development, it is necessary to solve the issues of informatization on the part of the state and local authorities. Therefore, we believe that this methodological guide and several proposed solutions will be taken into account. We expect that Kazakhstan will develop the informatization base, increase access to various programs and legislative acts related to small and medium-sized businesses. The results of several analyses were presented, examining the support provided by the state to the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan. The assessment of the effectiveness of state support for small and medium-sized businesses is carried out according to the indicators of the economic efficiency of the allocated funds. The increase in the indicator of social efficiency indicates the interest and involvement of small and medium-sized businesses in state support programs in Kazakhstan.
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Wang, Yongli, Nan Xu, Xiaohui Wang, Minhan Zhou, and Lei Wang. "Research on Quantitative Evaluation Model of Investment Value of Power Grid Enterprises’ New Business Based on Real Options." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021303003.
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With the continuous advancement of the power system reform, especially after the introduction of equipment capital to participate in the competition, the business development of power grid companies is facing increasingly severe internal and external tests. While continuing to do a good job in regulated businesses centered on transmission and distribution business, vigorously develop new businesses and strive to achieve high-quality development in a complex market environment. Through the evaluation of the intrinsic value of new businesses of power grid companies, investors can clarify the true value of new businesses, better identify and avoid potential risks, and encourage investors to invest rationally. This article first expounds the types of new businesses of power grid companies, introduces the basic overview of real option theory, and constructs a value evaluation model of discounted cash flow model plus real option theory pricing model, and through case analysis, the feasibility of empirical option theory in the evaluation of new business of power grid investment value is verified.
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Krajčírová, Renáta, and Alexandra Ferenczi Vañ’ová. "Implementation of EU Merger Directive into the Slovak Legislation and Certain Selected Types of Restructuring of Business in the Slovak Republic." EU agrarian Law 3, no. 1 (July 8, 2014): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2014-0006.
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Abstract (EN) The article presents and explains transactions of restructuring of businesses in respect of taking over transactions from the Slovak and European tax point of view. The merger transactions from the tax perspective are regulated by The Council Directive 2009/133/EC of 19 October 2009 on the common system of taxation applicable to mergers, divisions, partial divisions, transfers of assets and exchanges of shares concerning companies of different Member States and to the transfer of the registered office of an SE or SCE between Member States. In this respect, the article analyzes certain selected types of restructuring of businesses, such as (i) sale of business or the part of business, (ii) contribution in kind of business or the part of business, (iii) merger transaction from the selected Slovak legal implications that can be used in the agribusiness sector.
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López-Delgado, P., and J. Diéguez-Soto. "Lone founders, types of private family businesses and firm performance." Journal of Family Business Strategy 6, no. 2 (June 2015): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.11.001.
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Wijayanti, Anita, Massila Kamalrudin, Safiah Sidek, and Kartika Hendra Titisari. "A business transformation model to enhance the sustainability of small-sized family businesses." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.16.
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Business transformation is essential to making the small-sized family business more sustainable. Technological and environmental changes have radically transformed the way of doing business. Business transformation into digital business is the key to success in these conditions. On the other hand, some of the previous studies of business transformation in several countries and industries show different empirical evidence. This study analyzes the transformation process in a small-sized family business. This is a case study of 15 small-sized family businesses with four different types of industry, with an interview and observation period of 12 months in 2019–2020. This study has formulated a business transformation model for a small-sized family business and presented the results of the transformation process carried out. The research results indicate that a business transformation model consists of several attributes and sub-attributes. Business transformation results indicate different processes and times between companies. In general, the transformation process can be grouped into the exploration, learning, and synchronizing stages. The industry with the fastest transformation process is the hospitality industry, while the manufacturing process for the industry takes a bit longer. The results of this study indicate that business transformation has improved the sustainability of a small-sized family business that is characterized by its ability to adapt to changing technology and environmental conditions.
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KISELEVA, Tat'yana Yu, and Lola D. SANGINOVA. "The model of State financial aid to business during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia: A framework, tools, and practices." Financial Analytics: Science and Experience 14, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fa.14.2.124.
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Subject. The article discusses the financial aid the State provides to business during the COVID-19 crisis. Objectives. We analyze the financial aid the State provides to the Russian businesses as a single model, considering the national specifics. Methods. The study involves methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, generalization, etc. The study is based on factual and official data for H1 2020. Results. There is a national model of the financial aid the State provides to businesses in Russia, which is intended to temporarily provide businesses with funds in force majeure and ensure their uninterrupted operation, protect small and medium-sized business and market competition. We analyze key tools of the State support and substantiate our suggestions how it should be maintained for certain types and areas of business in the post-crisis period. Conclusions and Relevance. The current situation with COVID-19 made the State organize business support, provide businesses with financial resources on certain terms or use business protection tools.
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HARRIS, MICHAEL L., W. LEE GRUBB, and FREDERIC J. HEBERT. "CRITICAL PROBLEMS OF RURAL SMALL BUSINESSES: A COMPARISON OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND WHITE-OWNED FORMATION AND EARLY GROWTH FIRMS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 10, no. 03 (December 2005): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946705000185.
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This study investigated the critical problems encountered by African American and White-owned formation and early growth firms in rural businesses. Analyses were conducted to determine the most critical types of problems encountered by these businesses and the relationship between the types of problems reported and the owner's race and firm's developmental stage. Strategic problems were the most critical problems by business owners in the sample, regardless of race or developmental stage, followed by administrative and operations. Although no significant relationship was found between the type of problems and the owner's race, a significant relationship was found between problem type and the firm's developmental stage, such that businesses in the formation stage are more likely to encounter strategic problems and early growth firms more often experience administrative problems.
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Smallbone, David, David Deakins, Martina Battisti, and John Kitching. "Small business responses to a major economic downturn: Empirical perspectives from New Zealand and the United Kingdom." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 30, no. 7 (July 24, 2012): 754–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242612448077.
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This article analyses small firm responses to a major economic downturn, based on empirical investigation in the UK and New Zealand. Despite differences in the timing and depth of the downturn, there is remarkable similarity in the sectoral composition of small enterprises and methods of financing in reported recession-related effects and business performance during 2008–2009. While recognising that the study focused on surviving businesses, in neither country did the downturn have a consistently negative impact on small businesses and in both countries a significant minority of firms surveyed performed well. The study provides much needed evidence on small businesse responses to major economic crisis. Conceptually it demonstrates that although many small firms are vulnerable to changes in circumstances over which they have no control, they show underlying resilience and a high level of adaptability and flexibility. Longitudinal follow-up is necessary to show how the types of adaptive behaviour observed impact on business performance.
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Urbaníková, Marta, Michaela Štubňová, Viera Papcunová, and Jarmila Hudáková. "Analysis of Innovation Activities of Slovak Small and Medium-Sized Family Businesses." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10040080.
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Family businesses began to emerge in Slovakia after the change of social establishment in 1989, and since then they represent a significant group of business entities with a significant contribution to the economy, and have significant growth potential. Innovations have become a driving force for the future opportunities of these companies. Based on empirical research, this paper aims to identify the innovation activities of small and medium-sized family businesses in Slovakia and to determine their impact on the company’s economic results. We can state that out of small and medium-sized family businesses included in the survey, 76.5% have implemented innovations in the last five years. We use statistical tests to verify the research hypotheses. We can state that there is a statistically significant relationship between the size of the company and the number of types of introduced innovations, as well as between the generation running the company and the number of types of introduced innovations. Second-generation family businesses can, therefore, be considered more innovative than first-generation family businesses. We investigate the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic on innovation activities in these companies. It is interesting that in 30.6% of family businesses the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic positively affected their innovation activities.
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Jacobs, Philip, and Arvi P. Ohinmaa. "What industries received COVID-19 closure orders? A cross-state comparison in the US." F1000Research 9 (July 27, 2020): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25199.1.
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The United States federal government developed a COVID-19 blueprint for states to follow; it included the issuance by state/local governments of “stay at home” orders coupled with lists of essential services. Suppliers of these services would be exempt from closure so their workers could fulfill their essential functions. The blueprint was embraced by the states in a variety of ways. In this paper, we identify how business closure rules were enacted across the states for each of 15 types of services. The outcome measures were: “open” “open with restrictions” and “closure”. For six business types, most states permitted businesses to open. In four types, businesses were mainly closed. In three, they were allowed to open with restrictions. In the rest, there was a mixture of outcomes. In sum, the federal blueprint resulted in a regulatory patchwork as it spread throughout the country.
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WIMALATISSA, W. A. "THE EMERGING CLASS OF BUSINESSWOMEN AND WOMEN-OWNED BUSINESS FIRMS IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM." Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, no. 03 (September 1996): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495896000162.
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This study focuses on the emerging ’women entrepreneurship’ and ’womenowned businesses’ in Brunei Darussalam. It first examines the demographic background, personal competency, reasons behind the choice of ’selfemployment career,’ and management style of the businesswomen. Secondly, it looks into the main sources of finance, lines of merchandise, size of the work force, and problems of the women-owned enterprises. The sample consists of 50 businesswomen. In manufacturing, retail, and service businesses. These businesswomen have gone through the formal education process and are in their thirties. Their reasons for doing business are independence and an opportunity to use their knowledge and experience. The popular types of business activities for these businesswomen are retailing and services. They practise a centralised decision making style. Their businesses are generally in the start-up stage and the predominant source of capital is personal savings. Most of the businesses employ less than 10 workers and the major problems of the businesses are labour shortage and strong competition.
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Cowling, Marc, Ross Brown, and Augusto Rocha. "Did you save some cash for a rainy COVID-19 day? The crisis and SMEs." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 38, no. 7 (August 4, 2020): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242620945102.
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As COVID-19 spreads across the globe, a common public policy response has been to enforce the temporary closure of non-essential business activity. In some countries, governments have underwritten a proportion of the wage income for staff forced to furlough or broadened their welfare systems to accommodate newly laid off workers or small business owners. While these actions are helpful, they do not explicitly address the lack of sales trading activity on business income and cash balances. In commentary, we identify what types of businesses have been increasing their cash holdings in the lead up to COVID-19 as an indication of what types of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are most at risk if the lockdown extends for a protracted period of time. We find that only 39% of the of businesses were bolstering their cash balances leading up to COVID-19 which suggests that 61% of businesses may run out of cash, including 8.6% that had no retained earnings whatsoever with micro firms at particular risk. The importance of precautionary saving for SMEs is critical to enhance resilience when Black Swan events occur.
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Heck, Ramona K. Z., and Rosemary Walker. "Family-Owned Home Businesses: Their Employees and Unpaid Helpers." Family Business Review 6, no. 4 (December 1993): 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1993.00397.x.
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Family-owned home-based businesses traditionally utilize a workforce of paid workers, contracting workers, and unpaid helpers. Each type of worker may be categorized as family, related, or unrelated. The research reported here shows that not all worker types increase business outputs. Family workers, family helpers, and unrelated workers contribute in positive ways to business outputs. In contrast, unpaid related helpers decrease net income, and contracting related workers increase the work hours of the business owner.
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Gill, Martin. "The Victimisation of Business: Indicators of Risk and the Direction of Future Research." International Review of Victimology 6, no. 1 (September 1998): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809800600102.
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There has been comparatively little research on crime against businesses, although there is a growing amount of evidence that businesses are much more likely to suffer certain types of crime than households. This paper incorporates a review of recent surveys and reports on findings of a study of 2,618 businesses. The paper begins by discussing some ethodological issues and then discusses the findings on the levels of crime reported by business, and seeks to identify those finns most at risk. Overall, the paper concludes that crime against business is relatively high and that some businesses are disproportionately likely to suffer victimisation, not least those in the transport and retail sectors. Moreover, the survey findings suggest that the smallest businesses are common victims. Precisely because risk of crime differs, and the risk of victimisation from different offences varies, so there is a need to match type of crime prevention measures to type of risk. The findings suggest a need for much more focused research on how, where and why crime is concentrated on a few repeat victims.
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Niedzielski, Eugeniusz. "MOTIVES AND FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG WOMEN." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5146.
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This study identified the motives and factors which affect women starting business activities. The analysis was based on the results of an internet poll conducted in December 2018 among 110 female entrepreneurs conducting individual business activity in towns of various sizes. Different types of services dominated among the businesses conducted by women (78%), whereas trade activities were conducted by 17% of women and production-oriented businesses were conducted by only 5%. A large portion of females (20%) conducted activities combining two or three industry branches. According to the study, women started their business activity for personal reasons rather than out of necessity. Their decisions were motivated mainly by the need to have an opportunity for professional self-development, self-fulfilment and independence. The main problems when starting and running their businesses were difficulties in acquiring external funds, excessive non-salary labour costs and a limited availability of crèches and kindergartens. Despite various barriers and obstacles in running their businesses, over 90% of females in the poll forecast a development in their activities or expansion to new markets by investing in technology, self-development, personnel training or by expanding their product range. The share of women planning to develop their businesses is increasing with growing experience and the length of time a business is run.
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Coleman, Susan, and Mary Carsky. "Sources of Capital for Small Family-Owned Businesses." Family Business Review 12, no. 1 (March 1999): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00073.x.
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Securing adequate capital is an ongoing challenge for many small family-owned businesses. This article uses data from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances to determine the extent to which small family-owned firms use various types of credit products. Using logistic regression, it also identifies variables that predict the likelihood of using credit. Findings reveal that size, age, and profitability of the firm were the most important predictors. Results also indicate that there were virtually no differences between family-owned and nonfamily-owned businesses in the usage of various credit products.
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Miller, Danny, and Isabelle Le Breton-Miller. "Family Governance and Firm Performance: Agency, Stewardship, and Capabilities." Family Business Review 19, no. 1 (March 2006): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00063.x.
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After decades of being viewed as obsolete and problem ridden, recent research has begun to show that major, publicly traded family-controlled businesses (FCBs) actually out-perform other types of businesses. This article examines the nature of such family businesses in an attempt to explain why some seem to do so well and others so poorly. It begins with four fundamental governance choices that distinguish among different kinds of family businesses: level and mode of family ownership, family leadership, the broader involvement of multiple family members, and the planned or actual participation of later generations. Using precepts from agency and stewardship theory, it relates these dimensions to the nature of the resource-allocation decisions made by the business and capability development, which in turn have implications for financial performance. Propositions are drawn about the drivers that make some family businesses great competitors—while leaving others at a disadvantage.
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Taneja, Sonia, Mildred Golden Pryor, and Mario Hayek. "Leaping innovation barriers to small business longevity." Journal of Business Strategy 37, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-12-2014-0145.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the challenges faced by small businesses and to explain the importance of using strategic innovation to achieve long-term sustainability and viability. Design/methodology/approach This study of small business innovation includes reviewing the types and determinants of innovation as well as strategies to overcome innovation barriers. In addition, the authors developed a model that portrays elements needed for strategic innovation that supports the long-term viability of small businesses. Findings Small businesses serve as the economic foundation for many nations because they stimulate innovation, provide jobs, foster competitiveness and support overall economic growth. Small businesses can rapidly adapt to change, adopt new strategies and provide flexibility that supports strategic innovation. As a result, strategic innovation is a key driver of sustainable competitive advantage for small businesses. Practical implications Small business leaders need to integrate strategic innovation with their strategic planning to remain competitive. The strategic innovation model presented in this paper can assist them in understanding elements needed for successful strategic innovation and long-term viability. Social implications Globally, small businesses exert a strong influence on economic growth and create opportunities, employment and technological development. This paper will assist small business leaders as they strive to use strategic innovation to strengthen their competitive capabilities. Originality/value The unique strategic innovation model that the authors developed can help small businesses to achieve long-term sustainability and viability in the competitive marketplace.
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Ramlan, Ramlan, Eka NAM Sihombing, and Fajriawati Fajriawati. "The Urgency of Regional Regulation Bill of Serdang Bedagai Regency on Trading Business." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 1, no. 3 (October 23, 2020): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i3.105.
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This study aims to discuss the urgency of regional regulation bill of serdang bedagai regency on trading business. Various problems regulated in this regulation include: The quality that is owned between modern retail and traditional retail is not comparable in terms of capital, management to human resources; The increasing number of modern retailers has made it difficult for traditional retailers to develop because they have to deal directly with modern retailers with better quality; There are no strict sanctions against retailers who violate the relevant provisions; Unilateral determination of the types, sizes and prices of trading terms to retail; and The incomplete application of regulations and criminal provisions whose content is not yet optimal. Currently, the gap between modern trading businesses and traditional trading businesses lies in the distribution chain that is digitally integrated in modern trading businesses, creating synergies among its users. Meanwhile, traditional trading business entrepreneurs are usually cash based and have limited integration with suppliers or banks to manage purchases, supplies and payments. Based on this condition, it is very necessary to form a regulation to create a balanced competition between traditional trading businesses and modern trading businesses, regulations that are able to bring justice to all entrepreneurs, not only provide protection for traditional trading businesses and forget about modern trading businesses that also have a very positive impact on the existence of the regional and national economy or vice versa. The regulation is in the form of a Trade Business Regional Regulation. Regional Regulation Bill of Serdang Bedagai Regency on Trading Business
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Austin, James E. "Strategic Collaboration Between Nonprofits and Businesses." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 29, no. 1_suppl (March 2000): 69–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764000291s004.
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Collaboration between nonprofits and businesses is increasing and becoming more strategically important. Based on 15 case studies, this article presents a cross-sector collaboration framework consisting of four components. First, the collaboration continuum provides a conceptual framework for categorizing different types of partnerships and studying their possible evolution through three principal stages: philanthropic, transactional, and integrative. Second, the collaboration value construct facilitates the analysis of the definition, creation, balance, and renewal of the value generated in different types of alliances. Third, a set of alliance drivers is identified that determines the nature and functioning of the partnerships. Fourth, alliance enablers that contribute to the effective management of the relationship are set forth. The article discusses the dynamics of the alliance marketplace. The research builds on and extends existing interorganizational research theories by providing a distinctive conceptual framework and new empirical understanding of cross-sector alliances. Future research needs are identified.
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Mandic, Ana, and Vlatka Mandic. "Analysis of key challenges of family businesses." International journal of contemporary business and entrepreneurship 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47954/ijcbe.1.2.5.
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Family business represents the most common form of the company ownership and makes around 70% to 90% of all firms around the globe depending on the definition one uses. It is estimated that worldwide, family firms account for about 40% to 70% of employment and GDP. The aim of this paper is to provide overview of main characteristics of family business in general and to analyze key challenges family businesses generally are facing today. Additional aim of the paper is to provide overview of research on family business in Croatia and to analyze characteristic and challenges of family businesses in Croatia. Paper provides brief overview of key trends which can have negative implications on companies, their owners, as well as for a wide network of stakeholders such as family members, customers, suppliers, employees, banks, local government and the national economy in general. Some of the challenges discussed in the paper could be relevant to all types of firms. However, with reference to family business these challenges may be more salient than in nonfamily firms or they may need to be addressed differently.
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RODIONOVA, Irina A., Valerii N. PAVLOV, and Maksim Ya BUDNIKOV. "Evaluating the demand for innovation among small agricultural business." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 337–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.2.337.
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Subject. Agricultural business cannot evolve successfully without innovation used in their operations. The low demand for marketing, corporate and environmental innovations stem from the underdevelopment of the innovative environment and infrastructure of regional agriculture, in particular. Objectives. We analyze the use of innovation in agriculture, evaluate the demand for various types of innovation among small agricultural businesses. Methods. The study relies upon such methods as monograph, abstraction logic analysis, analysis and synthesis, economic analysis, economic-statistical analysis. The statistical framework is based on official statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service. Results. The article points out the most promising types of marketing, organizational and administrative, environmental innovation. If they are capable of allowing for the implementation of organizational and administrative innovation, such entities are found to derive additional effects from new technology. It is hard for small and medium-sized agricultural businesses to implement innovation on their own. Thus, they can raise their performance by cooperating with large businesses. The article shows how small and large businesses may cooperate to master innovation. Conclusions and Relevance. Igniting the innovative activity of small agricultural businesses becomes a key to the food independence and security of the country. Innovation can be used more broadly if there is an appropriate innovative environment, which requires to improve the regulatory framework and refine the innovation encouragement mechanisms, incentives, stronger and deeper integration of agricultural science and production. There should be provisions of the agricultural policy, which would help various innovations permeate production processes of small agricultural businesses.
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KRAŚNICKA, Teresa. "Innovation of Polish family and non-family businesses." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2021, no. 150 (2021): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2021.150.7.
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Purpose: The study aimed to identify differences in the level of innovation of the two types of firms – family (FB) and non-family (NFB) – and understand how the expectations of the management and/or business owners vary regarding the impact of innovations on business performance. Design/methodology/approach: Research questions were formulated based on the review of the findings of the surveys that compared innovation in family and non-family firms worldwide. Then, empirical research was conducted in 334 family and non-family firms in Poland. Findings: The findings do not confirm significant differences in the level of product innovation between FB and NFB. On the other hand, they point to a higher level of innovation measured with the number of process innovations in NFB. Research shows that firms rate the degree to which the expectations of innovation effects were fulfilled relatively low in both types of firms. Research limitations/implications: The applied measurement of the level of innovation according to the number of implemented innovations does not take into account their qualitative aspect, whether they are radical or incremental. The survey (questionnaire and interview) was based solely on the number of innovations declared as implemented by the respondents. Practical implications: The survey findings should inspire managers of family and non-family firms to analyze both the expected effects of the implementation of a particular type of innovation and to assess its actual outcomes. Social implications: Studies show that FB are not less innovative when it comes to implementing new or modified products and services. This contradicts both the opinions and some research results about the conservatism of FB or their stronger orientation towards family goals at the expense of a firm’s growth. Originality/value: This comparative study on FB and NFB innovation fills a gap in the area where knowledge concerning this issue is still scarce in Poland
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Nastura, Sofia Agustin, and Muqorobin Muqorobin. "Transaction Processing System Analysis Using The Distribution Management System (DMS) Nexsoft Distribution 6 (ND6)." International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/ijcis.v1i2.12.
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Distribution Management system (DMS) is an application that manages almost the entire processing of sales orders, purchases, inventory management and financial accounting. The DMS application is only intended for specific types of distribution businesses than other types of businesses, which are at least able to provide a much higher level of functionality, specifically for the needs of distribution companies. This research was conducted at PT. Succeed which is a food distribution company. The daily transaction processing system at this company uses DMS Nexsoft Distribution 6 (ND6). NexSoft Distribution 6 (ND6) is the main operating system for any trading business in carrying out daily activities. NexSoft distribution is produced by PT. Paramadaksa Teknologi Nusantara which is a company engaged in Information Technology (IT), which is headquartered in the Tangerang area.
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Mohammed, Mikidadu, and Jean Marie Luundo. "A Novel Country Classification System for Choosing International Business Locations." International Business Research 13, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n1p29.
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This paper introduces a novel country classification system that rates the political economy risks of countries for the purpose of conducting international business. It is intended to provide investors, multinational companies, and business researchers a quick and efficient way of gauging the extent of political, economic, and legal risks associated with doing business in different countries. The study covers over 170 countries and identifies 24 country types. At the extremes are Type 1 countries (least risky) and Type 24 countries (most risky). Overall, the new classification system suggests that political economy risks associated with doing international business are relatively mild in Type 1, Type 3, and Type 4 countries. However, international businesses should temper their investment decisions with caution in Type 19, Type 20, Type 22, Type 23, and Type 24 countries due to high political, economic, and legal risks, especially Types 23 and 24 where these risks are excessive. At the same time, international businesses may want to refocus their attention to Type 11 countries who are now havens for international investments due to drastic reduction in political, economic, and legal risks associated with doing business. The twenty-four country types identified in this new classification system are time-invariant. Thus, countries may move up or down due to improvements or deteriorations in certain aspects of their political economy.
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Arai, Koki, and Shuya Hayashi. "Business diversification and multifaceted markets." International Journal of Economic Policy Studies 15, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42495-021-00058-1.
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AbstractIn this paper, we examine multiple segments, conventionally analyzed from the perspective of business diversification, from multiple perspectives in a multifaceted market. Specifically, based on segmental financial data, we conduct an empirical analysis of whether increased sales in the transportation business increase the profit margin of the real estate business of a railroad company. The results show that there are two types of sidedness among many businesses. The effects of both positive and negative indirect network effects were found to exist. In addition, verification of the difference-in-differences based on the initiation event of the mutual traffic interconnection demonstrates the indirect network effect in the transportation business to a certain extent, and shows that the effect is not uniform in each business, with some businesses showing strong effects and others showing less visible effects.
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Hermawan, Francisca, Sri Hapsari Wijayanti, and Fransiskus X. Lara Aba. "The Canvas Model as a Strategy for Improving Financial Profits: A Casey Study of Online Businesses in Indonesia." GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review 2, no. 4 (December 17, 2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2017.2.4(6).
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Objective - The aim of this study is to identify how the strategy of online businesses can be improved to increase financial profits. The focus of this study is on online businesses selling flowers, taking into consideration the fact that the freshness of flowers does not last long, and that the price and quality of flowers fluctuates depending on climatic conditions. Methodology/Technique - The data used in this research is primary data, obtained by distributing questionnaires for market research, tested against 57 respondents. The respondents were selected using non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The results of the validation test r count > r table, with 5% significance, shows that businesses providing flower arrangements are in high demand. Findings - The results of the model business identification canvas and the profit and loss projections indicate that the choice of the business strategy series for cut flowers on each element is accurate. The results of the analysis of the strengths and threats also identifies that selling price varies depending on the types of flowers used in an arrangement, and accessories used. Novelty - This research studies how the types of flowers used, the design of an arrangement, accessories used, packaging, and family ownership of a business can effect the interest of potential customers in the Fiore shop in Afrodite. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: SWOT; Canvas Models; Communication; Online Business; Indonesia. JEL Classification: C50, C53, C59.
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SMIRNOV, Valerii V. "The content analysis of regional entrepreneurship." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 556–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.3.556.
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Subject. The study determines directions for developing the business activity in the Russian regions. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and methods of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. Results. I review the current aspects of the regional business development when business rules are changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The article scrutinizes the concept of entrepreneurship in terms of historical development and legal status. Having conducted the content analysis of the business activity in a lagging region of the Russian Federation, I found its highest concentration, with small businesses (and microbusinesses) taking the lead and maintaining the employment. Businesses tend to trade in goods of other producers, thus decreasing the average headcount for smaller businesses, including microbusinesses. Studying the hierarchy of economic activity types small businesses engage in by share of investment in the capital stock (in terms of new and imported fixed assets), I note the unprofitable investment n such foreign trade activities, such as Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fisheries and fish farming, and Construction. The dynamism of small businesses drops earlier, longer and deeper if compared to sole proprietors. In a lagging region, smaller business forms can evolve only if they deal with trade. Conclusions and Relevance. The content analysis of the Russian regional business gave an understanding of its development limits from perspectives of a lagging region, which determines the growth rates of business activity in Russia. The content analysis reveals high growth rates of trade in goods that smaller businesses sell, without being their producers. The findings contribute to the knowledge and competence of specialists working for the Russian Ministry of Economic Development to make consistent managerial decisions concerning the distribution and redistribution of investment resources.
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Guillén Gorbe, Tomás, and Alejandro Escribá-Esteve. "Heterogeneity in Family Firms." Harvard Deusto Business Research 10, no. 1 (May 29, 2021): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48132/hdbr.334.
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This research explores in greater depth the importance of considering the heterogeneity between family businesses so as to better understand the differences in their strategic behavior, performance and business results. With this, we attempt to contribute to the theories on the relationship between corporate governance and strategic management in the field of family business research.
Our study identifies the different configurations that may be adopted in the ownership structures and the management and governance bodies of family firms, analyzing how these configurations are related to the firm’s strategic outcomes. Using a sample of 111 family firms, we perform a cluster analysis that allows us to determine distinct types of family businesses based on a set of dimensions regarding the characteristics of their governance bodies, both in business and in the family, as well as their ownership structure and degree of family involvement in management tasks. We then link the different types found with the profiles of managers, the repertoire of strategies used by these companies, and the differences in obtaining results in recent years.
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LI, JI, and Masaya Nakatsuka. "BARRIERS AND SUPPORTS IN STARTING FARM-STAY BUSINESSES WITH INBOUND TOURISM EXPERIENCED BY MIGRANTS IN RURAL JAPAN (CASE STUDY OF LOCAL VITALIZATION COOPERATOR ENTREPRENEURS)." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 5, no. 2 (July 25, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v5i2.2670.
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the barriers and the process of supports obtained in starting the farm-stay businesses with inbound tourism from the perspective of migrants. In- depth interviews on entrepreneurship of farm-stay businesses among local vitalization cooperators (LVC) were conducted, and the following results were found. First, there are two main types of barriers when starting farm-stay businesses namely barriers caused by new businesses start-up and barriers caused by local life. The barriers caused by local life have three aspects: an inadequate understanding of the ways to interact with local residents, insufficient information on community rules, and insufficient agricultural knowledge. The barriers to receiving foreigners include lack of understanding by neighbors, publicity, service and activities supplied, and matching facilities. Second, supports can also be divided into two categories: supports in local life and those in business start-up. The network and trust relationship established with local residents during the first stage of overcoming local life barriers can help overcome the barriers faced when starting businesses. Meanwhile, supports in business start-up deepen the relationship between migrants and local residents, thus playing a supportive role in life stabilization. Third, by analyzing the LVC cases, we conclude that ordinary migrants need ample time to undergo the process of accommodating to local life, thereby building a network and trust with local regions before starting new businesses. This research provides references on the study of starting new businesses in rural areas from the migrants’ views and issues to farm-stay businesses and inbound tourism at the starting phase.
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Violeta, Sacui, and Sala Diana. "Purchased Goodwill and types of Synergies in Businesses Combinations. Microsoft-LinkedIn Transaction." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 238 (2018): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2018.04.004.
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