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Akbar, A. Ali Mohd Sadiq. "Application of remote sensing methods for discrimination of surficial sand types in Qatar Peninsula, the Arabian Gulf." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295012.
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Schneider, Barbara. "GIS-Funktionen in Atlas-Informationssystemen /." Zürich : ETH - Institut für Kartographie, 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14605.
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Kanani, Entela. "Robust estimators for geodetic transformations and GIS /." Zürich, 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13521.
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Ayhan, Arda. "Geological And Morphological Investigations Of The Underground Cities Of Cappadocia Using Gis." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605665/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rock types and morphologic classes on the locations of underground cities existing in Cappadocia. To achieve this purpose four databases are created that contain related information of underground cities, present settlements, rock types and morphologic classes.
Four main analyses are carried out using the data created fort the study. These analyses are: 1) Distance analysis to determine the distances between underground cities and present settlements, 2) Density analysis to inspect the areas where the underground cities are concentrated, 3) Distribution analysis to explore the spatial distribution of underground cities within the rock types and morphologic classes, and 4) Neighbourhood analysis to examine whether the underground cities within rock types and morphologic classes are located along or far inside the marginsof the polygons.
The conclusions reached after the analyses are as follows: 1) The mean distance between two underground cities is about 4 km. 2) The mean distance between an underground city and the nearest present settlement is about 700 m. 3) Underground cities are concentrated in Derinkuyu-NevSehir-Ö<br>zkonak belt. Present settlements, on the other hand, are concentrated along Aksaray-Ortakö<br>y-HacibektaS. 4) For the underground cities, pyroclastic dominant Neogene sequences are preferred whereas all other units are avoided. 5) In terms of morphology, the class defined as &ldquo<br>mesa&rdquo<br>is strongly preferred for underground cities. 6) Neither lithology nor morphology played a role in the site selection for present settlements.
7) Both for rock types and morphologic classes the underground cities are located along margins of the polygons.
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Schuol, Jürgen. "GIS-based hydrological modeling of freshwater availability in Africa /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17491.
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Jermann, Jörg Jermann Jörg. "GIS-basiertes Konzept zur Modellierung von Einzugsbereichen auf Bahn-Haltestellen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15721.
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Dolci, Claudia. "Modelli GIS e visualizzazione di processi dinamici per reti di traffico /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17975.
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Farrèr, Claudia Hertach Martin. "Vegetation survey and GIS-based zonation of the Fond d'Albaretz Forest, Praslin, Seychelles." Zurich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, ibz Institute of Integrative Biology Zurich, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=458.
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Crippa, Bruno. "Algoritmi e metodologie statistiche per la gestione degli elementi spazio-temporali dei GIS dinamici /." Zürich, 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11341.
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Alves, Rodolfo de Fran?a. "An?lise palinol?gica do p?len ap?cola produzido no estado de Sergipe, Brasil." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/274.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-25<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>Bee pollen produced in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, was analyzed for two-year study (2011-2012), with a study of the municipalities producers and the focal study conducted in Brejo Grande, located in the coastal area of the State, in order to determine the main food sources visited by pollen sources Apis mellifera L. and establish associations between pollen spectrum and climatic variables (temperature and rainfall). The bee pollen was treated with acetolysis to study the pollen grains and at least 500 pollen grains per sample were counted in the quantification process. The Palynotheca of the LAMIV/UEFS, as well as specialized literature, were used for plant identification. Our results are presented in two chapters. The first chapter, conducted in 2011, presents a study in all municipalities producers based on an analysis of 12 bee pollen samples from the municipalities of Barra dos Coqueiros, Brejo Grande, Est?ncia, and Pacatuba, in which 46 pollen types, distributed in 19 families, were identified. Fabaceae was the family with the greatest number of pollen types (19) and Mimosa (8), its most representative genus. Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae presented three pollen types each, and Lamiaceae two. The other families (13) had only one pollen type each. Eight pollen types were classified as very frequent (> 50%), but Cocos nucifera was present in 100% of the samples. It may be therefore concluded that Arecaceae (Cocos nucifera L.) and Fabaceae are the primary food pollen sources for Apis mellifera in Sergipe, followed by Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Poaceae. The pollen spectrum showed that at least 29 genera of plants are contributors to the production of bee pollen in the State. The second chapter respect to the focal study, dealt with 24 bee pollen samples from Brejo Grande, collected from 2011 to 2012 analysis, where 56 pollen types from 23 families were found. Fabaceae was the family with the greatest diversity of pollen types (19), followed by Asteraceae (5), Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae (4), Anacardiaceae (3), Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae (2), with the others families (15) with one pollen type each. The pollen type Cocos nucifera was the most representative, found in 23 samples, followed by pollen type Myrcia, in 22 samples. Mimosa pollen was present in 100% of pollen samples from Brejo Grande. Several pollen types have been influenced by climatic factors, mainly rainfall showing greater oscillation compared to temperature. Based on both studies, we can state that the diversity of pollen types reflects the plant diversity in the State. Our results show that the main food sources for Apis mellifera in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, are Arecaceae and Fabaceae, followed by Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Rubiaceae.<br>O p?len ap?cola produzido no estado de Sergipe, Brasil, foi analisado por dois anos (2011-2012), com um estudo dos munic?pios produtores e um estudo focal realizado em Brejo Grande, no litoral do Estado, com o objetivo de determinar as principais fontes pol?nicas visitadas por Apis mellifera L. e estabelecer uma associa??o entre o espectro pol?nico e as vari?veis clim?ticas (temperatura e pluviosidade). O p?len ap?cola foi tratado com acet?lise para estudar os gr?os de p?len e, no m?nimo, 500 gr?os de p?len por amostra foram contados no processo de quantifica??o. A palinoteca do LAMIV/UEFS, assim como a literatura espec?fica foram usadas para identifica??o bot?nica. Os resultados s?o apresentados em dois cap?tulos. O primeiro cap?tulo, realizado no ano de 2011, apresenta um estudo referente aos munic?pios produtores baseado na an?lise de 12 amostras de p?len ap?cola dos munic?pios de Barra dos Coqueiros, Brejo grande, Est?ncia e Pacatuba, em que 46 tipos pol?nicos, distribu?dos em 19 fam?lias, foram identificados. Fabaceae foi a fam?lia com maior n?mero de tipos pol?nicos (19) e Mimosa (8), foi o g?nero mais representativo. Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae e Rubiaceae apresentaram tr?s tipos pol?nicos cada, e Lamiaceae dois. As outras fam?lias (13) obtiveram apenas um tipo pol?nico cada. Oito tipos pol?nicos foram classificados como muito frequente (>50%), todavia o tipo Cocos nucifera esteve presente em 100% das amostras. Pode-se concluir que Arecaceae (Cocos nucifera L.) e Fabaceae s?o as fontes pol?nicas prim?rias para Apis mellifera em Sergipe, seguido por Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Poaceae e Rubiaceae. O espectro pol?nico revelou que pelo menos 29 g?neros de plantas contribuem para a produ??o de p?len no Estado. No segundo cap?tulo, que se refere ao estudo focal, foram analisadas 24 amostras de p?len ap?cola de Brejo Grande, coletado de 2011 a 2012, onde 56 tipos pol?nicos de 23 fam?lias foram encontrados. Fabaceae foi a fam?lia com a maior diversidade de tipos pol?nicos (19), seguido por Asteraceae (5), Myrtaceae e Rubiaceae (4), Anacardiaceae (3), Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Solanaceae (2), com as outras fam?lias (15) com um tipo pol?nico cada. O tipo pol?nico Cocos nucifera foi o mais representativo, sendo encontrado em 23 amostras, seguido pelo tipo pol?nico Myrcia, em 22 amostras. O p?len de Mimosa esteve presente em 100% das amostras de Brejo Grande. Alguns tipos pol?nicos s?o influenciados por fatores clim?ticos, principalmente a pluviosidade que apresentou uma oscila??o maior quando comparado com a temperatura. Baseado nos dois estudos, podemos afirmar que a diversidade de tipos pol?nicos encontrada nas amostras reflete a riqueza bot?nica no Estado. Estes resultados mostram que as principais fontes de Apis mellifera no estado de Sergipe s?o Arecaceae e Fabaceae seguido das Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae e Rubiaceae.
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Liu, Junguo. "Modelling global water and food relations : development and application of a GIS-based EPIC model /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17069.
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Zhang, Lihong. "Capturing the essential spatial variability in urban hydrologic miodeling by GIS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0032_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Breier, Susanne. "Preferred residential neighbourhoods of the elderly population in the city of Norrköping." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15884.
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<p>The population of Sweden is ageing as in almost every European country. Improved medical progresses and treatment options lead to a decreasing mortality at older ages, increasing life expectance and an advanced health of the elderly. Due to these improvements and the so called ‘baby- boomers’, a great number of persons born in the 1940s that will reach retirement age the coming years, their total number will increase strongly in the near future all over Sweden. To enable these elderly to live a normal, active and independent life as long as possible activities, services and special housing with improved accessibility and meeting places for elderly has to be provided. Thus, for local authorities it is essential to know the actual and favoured living conditions as well as environments of elderly. This study aims therefore to investigate the characteristic of preferred residential neighbourhoods of the elderly in the city of Norrköping. The demographic, social and crime situation was examined for the districts of the city using several methods from both Statistics and GIS. Statistical methods included classifications, indexes or indicators and bivariate correlations. A model was developed to combine demographic and social data to characterise districts. GIS was to a major extent used as a visualisation tool. Choropleth mapping and Kernel density estimations were used to illustrate distribution of elderly and crime. Preliminary global statistical tests were used to verify clustering in the crime data set. An accessibility analysis was conducted with the help of the network analyst tool. Results indicate that districts experiencing the highest total numbers and proportion of elderly are very distributed throughout the city of Norrköping. They are, with some exceptions, characterised by lower social status. Four districts of the city show considerable evidences of demographic ageing, experiencing a population pyramid formed like an urn. Beside districts where elderly constitute a bigger proportion of the population, they tend to live in districts characterised by a relatively high proportion of young adults aged between 20 and 29. Crime analyses have shown crime clusters in different parts of the city. A high proportion of elderly faces a high crime level in the districts Gamla staden, Nordantill and Hageby. However, it has been proved that only some hot spots of crime within these areas contribute to the high crime level. Districts such as Skarphagen, Såpkullen, Smedby and Linö, all (except Såpkullen) situated on the outskirts of the city, hold high or middle elderly and a low crime level. Accessibility analyses have shown that elderly aged over 80 do not live significant closer to health centres and the public transport stops compared to the age groups 20 – 65 and inhabitants aged between 65 and 79.</p>
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Hehl-Lange, Sigrid. "GIS-gestützte Analyse und 3D-Visualisierung der Funktionen naturnaher Lebensraumtypen und die sie beeinflussenden Wirkungen ausgewählter Landnutzungen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13540.
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Yikmaz, Riza Fikret. "Development Of Gis Based Trajectory Statistical Analysis Method To Identify Potential Sources Of Regional Air Pollution." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611969/index.pdf.
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DEVELOPMENT OF GIS BASED TRAJECTORY STATISTICAL ANALYSIS METHOD TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SOURCES OF REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION
Yikmaz, Riza Fikret
M.Sc., Department of Geodetic and Geographic Information Technologies
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gü<br>rdal Tuncel
Co-supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zuhal Akyü<br>rek
May 2010, 186 pages
Apportionment of source regions affecting a certain receptor in the regional scale is necessary information for air quality management and development of national policy for exchange of air pollutants with other countries. Source region apportionment can be studied either through numerical modeling or by using trajectory statistics that is a hybrid methodology of modeling and measurements. Each of these approaches has their advantages and disadvantages.
In this study treatment of back-trajectory segments in Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), which is one of the tools used in trajectory statistics will be investigated, to increase the reliability of the apportionment process. In the current method run in GIS, especially two parameters gains importance. One is that the vertical locations of trajectory segments are not taken into account at present. In this study, how the evaluation of the segments in 3-D instead of 2-D could improve the results will be assessed. The other parameter that is rainfall at each segment will be included in the PSCF calculations and its effects on the spatial distribution of PSCF values will be evaluated. A user interface in Geographical Information System (GIS) will be developed for effective use of improved methodology.
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Cavalcanti, Tatiana Nunes. "A experi?ncia de adolescentes portadores de diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1: seus significados e sentido." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17421.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-11<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico<br>Worldwide, the diabetes mellitus is considered a serious problem of public health; it also involves high costs for its treatment and its complications. Even though the onset
of diabetes mellitus type 1 is on 5% to 10% of the diabetic population, it is the most aggressive type of anifestation; furthermore, it is the commonest chronic disease in
childhood and adolescence. Such data show the importance of understanding the development of this disease from the moment the individual perceives it, according to their experience, observing the complexity of the phenomenon thoroughly. This study aimed to comprehend the experience of the adolescent with onset of diabetes mellitus
type 1 in order to learn how these young individuals perceive and reason their place in the world when they experience this illness. The methodological strategy was based on qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration. We applied the main ideas of heideggerian ontology and some concepts of existential phenomenological psychology to guide our reflexive path. The participants were 10 young individuals (06 female and 04 male), ages between 15 and 18, under treatment in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. The methodological resource was the narrative, which allowed us access to the adolescents experience. The comprehension of the reports was based on the heideggerian hermeneutics, whose priority is the interpretation of the meaning expressed by the participants speech. The results showed that factors such as social, family, economic and cultural context greatly influence the perception and the way the individuals deal with, perceive and reason their experience. We noticed that the diabetes type 1 may often represent a limitation, but it does not make it impossible to be part of the world with others. The data show a significant affective ambivalence regarding the content more directly related to the disease. This demonstrates the unique way which each one gives meaning and reasons their condition of existence. This research points out the need to understand the complexity of this phenomenon in a
more complete manner, considering the adolescent in their timely and historical context. We believe we can encourage thinking that may become actions which are more fit to the reality researched regarding all the parties involved with the subject, such as health professionals, adolescents, family, support programs and public health policies<br>O diabetes mellitus, no cen?rio mundial, ? considerado como um problema s?rio de sa?de p?blica, al?m de envolver altos custos no seu tratamento e das suas complica??es. Embora acometa de 5% a 10% da popula??o diab?tica, o diabetes mellitus tipo 1 ? o tipo mais agressivo de suas representa??es, al?m de ser a doen?a cr?nica mais comum na inf?ncia e adolesc?ncia. Tais dados indicaram a import?ncia de se compreender o processo dessa doen?a a partir da percep??o da pessoa acometida, de acordo com a sua experi?ncia, observando a complexidade do fen?meno em sua totalidade. Esse estudo objetivou compreender a experi?ncia do adolescente portador de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 no sentido de apreendermos como esses jovens significam e d?o sentido ao seu estar no mundo, ao experienciar essa enfermidade. A estrat?gia metodol?gica teve como fundamento a pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa de inspira??o fenomenol?gica. Utilizamos as principais id?ias da ontologia heideggeriana e alguns conceitos da psicologia fenomenol?gico-existencial para nortear o nosso percurso reflexivo. Participaram do estudo 10 jovens (06 do sexo feminino e 04 do sexo masculino), com idades entre 15 e 18 anos, sob tratamento, na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco. O recurso metodol?gico utilizado foi a narrativa que nos permitiu acesso ? experi?ncia dos adolescentes. A compreens?o dos relatos teve como base a hermen?utica heideggeriana que prioriza a interpreta??o do sentido que emerge atrav?s das falas dos participantes. Os resultados revelaram que fatores como o contexto social, familiar, econ?mico e cultural influenciam, sobremaneira, a percep??o e a forma como os jovens lidam, significam e d?o sentido a sua experi?ncia. Percebemos que ter o diabetes tipo 1 pode representar, muitas vezes, uma limita??o, mas n?o uma impossibilidade de estar-no-mundo-com-os-outros. Os dados revelaram uma significativa ambival?ncia afetiva quanto ao conte?do mais especificamente relacionado ? doen?a. Isso demonstra a singularidade com que cada um significa e atribui sentido a sua condi??o de exist?ncia. Esse estudo evidenciou a necessidade de se compreender a complexidade desse fen?meno de uma forma mais integrada, considerando o adolescente em seu contexto hist?rico e temporal. Acreditamos poder favorecer reflex?es que possam ser revertidas em a??es mais condizentes com a realidade estudada a todos os envolvidos que lidam com a tem?tica, a saber, profissionais de sa?de, adolescentes, familiares, programas de apoio e pol?ticas p?blicas de sa?de
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Evans, Andrew Micheal. "Modeling the Distribution of the Northern Hardwood Forest Type in Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Recovery Areas of the Southern Appalachians." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23269.
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The northern hardwood forest type is a critical habitat component for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (CNFS; Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) for denning sites and corridor habitats between montane conifer patches where the squirrel forages. This study examined terrain data, and patterns of occurrence for the northern hardwood forest type in the recovery areas of CNFS in western North Carolina and southwestern Virginia with the purpose of creating a more robust predictive model of this forest type for spatial delineation. I recorded overstory species composition as well as terrain variables at 338 points throughout the study area in order to quantitatively define the northern hardwood forest type. These data were used in conjunction with digital terrain data for creation of the predictive model. Terrain variables we examined to attempt to differentiate northern hardwoods from other forest types included elevation, aspect, slope gradient, curvature, and landform index. I used an information-theoretic approach to assess six models based on existing literature and a global model. My results indicate that on a regional, multi-state scale, latitude, elevation, aspect, and landform index (LFI) of an area are significant predictors of the presence of the northern hardwood forest type in the southern Appalachians. My model consisting of Elevation + LFI was the best approximating model based on lowest AICc score. Our Elevation + LFI model correctly predicted northern hardwood presence at 78.2% of our sample points observed to be northern hardwoods. I then used this model to create a predictive map of the distribution of the northern hardwood forest type in CNFS recovery areas.<br>Master of Science
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Evans, Andrew M. "Modeling the Distribution of the Northern Hardwood Forest Type in Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Recovery Areas of the Southern Appalachians." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23269.
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The northern hardwood forest type is a critical habitat component for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (CNFS; Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) for denning sites and corridor habitats between montane conifer patches where the squirrel forages. This study examined terrain data, and patterns of occurrence for the northern hardwood forest type in the recovery areas of CNFS in western North Carolina and southwestern Virginia with the purpose of creating a more robust predictive model of this forest type for spatial delineation. I recorded overstory species composition as well as terrain variables at 338 points throughout the study area in order to quantitatively define the northern hardwood forest type. These data were used in conjunction with digital terrain data for creation of the predictive model. Terrain variables we examined to attempt to differentiate northern hardwoods from other forest types included elevation, aspect, slope gradient, curvature, and landform index. I used an information-theoretic approach to assess six models based on existing literature and a global model. My results indicate that on a regional, multi-state scale, latitude, elevation, aspect, and landform index (LFI) of an area are significant predictors of the presence of the northern hardwood forest type in the southern Appalachians. My model consisting of Elevation + LFI was the best approximating model based on lowest AICc score. Our Elevation + LFI model correctly predicted northern hardwood presence at 78.2% of our sample points observed to be northern hardwoods. I then used this model to create a predictive map of the distribution of the northern hardwood forest type in CNFS recovery areas.<br>Master of Science
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Semmens, Darius James. "Geomorphic modeling and routing improvements for GIS-based watershed assessment in arid regions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2004_140_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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VONA, Veronica. "A typological approach contribution to risk analysis: a GIS system based on widespread seismic damage for cemetery type." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2496477.
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In Italy, the Guidelines for the evaluation and reduction of seismic risk on Cultural Heritage, and the Directive 12/12/2013 “Procedures for management of activities for cultural heritage securing and safeguarding in the event of emergencies caused by natural disasters” identify the compilation of forms to provide vulnerability and damage level representation on movable and immovable assets as an initial procedure. In particular, they establish two important survey instruments: the A-DC Churches and the B-DP Stately Buildings forms.
These are the only two instruments used between 2012 and 2013 for the damage level characterization of the cultural heritage caused by the “Emilia 2012” earthquake. The widespread use of these forms has brought to light several problems that have negatively affected the successive economic assessment of the intervention. In fact, if these sheets describe the vulnerabilities of the specialized types, such as Churches or Stately Buildings well, they are simultaneously ill suited to types with different features, which, in the Emilia-Romagna case, represent about 30% of damage to cultural heritage numerically and economically. In particular, a significant sample of these types is the cemetery type with more than 100 buildings damaged, a percentage equal to 70% of the entire complex of cemeteries located within the crater area.
Accordingly, the aim of this research is to analyse the damage suffered by this type so as to improve the damage assessment procedures, both in the emergency phase and in terms of seismic risk mitigation. The main purpose is to address the cultural heritage restoration policies towards more technically and economically sustainable actions.
Therefore, based on the data collected for the cemeteries damaged in the “Emilia 2012” earthquake, the cemetery type was investigated according to its several aspects: historic and architectural, economic, level of damage, and finally vulnerability. Each of these aspects provided the framework for the definition of a new first-level tool that could be both a damage survey tool and a proactive vulnerability assessment tool. Indeed, the complete compilation of the tool provides an estimate of the damage index and the related repair cost. The partial compilation, on the contrary, allows for the identification of the parameters for the definition of a vulnerability index correlated with a vulnerability curve specifically defined for cemeteries. In the first case it is possible to use the tool in the immediate and urgent phases of the emergency to determine the material and economic impact of the earthquake on the assets; in the second case, instead, it is possible to address the policies of seismic risk mitigation through vulnerability analyses at a territorial scale.
Finally, its status of land-management tool has resulted in its development on a GIS-based digital format for its integration within the regional technical cartography and for the on-site survey.
More than a final solution to the issue of damage assessment in cemeteries, however, this study on cemetery type should be considered as a first step towards the optimization of damage assessment procedures for building types other than churches and Stately Buildings. Only after a seismic event may the new form application provide the feedback on its effective use in emergencies and lead towards its progressive refinement.<br>In Italia, le “Linee guida per la valutazione e la riduzione del rischio sismico del patrimonio del MIBAC” e la Direttiva 12/12/2013 “Procedure per la gestione delle attività di messa in sicurezza e salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale in caso di emergenze derivanti da calamità naturali” individuano come prima procedura conoscitiva, durante le fasi di emergenza, la redazione di schede studiate per fornire una rappresentazione del livello di danno su beni mobili ed immobili. In particolare fanno riferimento a due importantissimi strumenti di rilevo: la scheda A-DC Chiese e la scheda B-DP Palazzi.
Questi sono i due strumenti attraverso i quali tra 2012 e 2013 si è preso atto dello stato del patrimonio culturale costruito dopo il terremoto in Emilia-Romagna e la cui applicazione in questo caso ha portato alla luce diverse problematiche. Tra queste, quella che maggiormente ha afflitto il processo di rilievo del danno, riverberandosi sul processo di quantificazione economica, è l’incapacità dei due strumenti sopracitati di trarre una fotografia esatta del danno per l’intero complesso dei beni culturali. Infatti, se queste schede ben interpretano le vulnerabilità intrinseche degli edifici che rappresentano, mal si adattano a tipologie con caratteristiche differenti che, nel caso dell’Emilia-Romagna, rappresentano il 30% dei beni danneggiati. Uno tra i campioni più significativi di queste tipologie è quello dei cimiteri con oltre 100 edifici danneggiati, una percentuale pari al 70% dell’intero complesso dei cimiteri collocati all’interno dell’area del cratere.
La presente ricerca si è concentrata dunque sull’analisi del danno occorso a questa tipologia edilizia con obiettivo di migliorarne le procedure di rilievo del danno, sia in fase di emergenza che in chiave di mitigazione del rischio sismico. Il fine è infatti quello di indirizzare le politiche di recupero del Patrimonio Culturale verso interventi sempre più sostenibili sia tecnicamente che economicamente. A partire dunque dai dati raccolti per i cimiteri danneggiati nel sisma “Emilia 2012” il tipo cimiteriale è stato indagato nelle sue diverse componenti: storico-architettoniche, economiche, di danno ed infine di vulnerabilità.
Ognuno di questi aspetti ha fornito i caratteri chiave per la definizione di un nuovo strumento di primo livello che si configurasse tanto come strumento per il rilievo del danno, quanto come strumento per la caratterizzazione della vulnerabilità del tipo in chiave proattiva. La compilazione integrale dello strumento fornisce infatti una stima dell’indice di danno e del relativo costo di riparazione. La compilazione parziale, al contrario, permette di individuare i parametri per la definizione di un indice di vulnerabilità dell’edificio correlabile con una curva di vulnerabilità specificatamente definita per i cimiteri. Nel primo caso è possibile utilizzare lo strumento nelle immediate e concitate fasi dell’emergenza per determinare l’impatto fisico ed economico del sisma sui beni, nel secondo caso, invece, è possibile effettuare valutazioni a scala territoriale per indirizzare le politiche di mitigazione del rischio sismico. La natura di strumento per la gestione del territorio ha indirizzato infine il suo sviluppo su supporto digitale di tipo GIS per l’integrazione con la cartografia tecnica regionale.
Il presente contributo sull’organismo cimiteriale va però inteso come un primo passo verso l’ottimizzazione delle procedure di rilievo del danno per tipologie edilizie diverse da chiese e palazzi, e non come una risposta conclusiva al tema del rilievo del danno ai cimiteri. Solo dopo un evento sismico l’applicazione diretta della nuova scheda potrà fornirci risposte sul suo effettivo utilizzo in emergenza e guidarci verso il suo progressivo affinamento.
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VONA, Veronica. "A typological approach contribution to risk analysis: a GIS system based on widespread seismic damage for cemetery type." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2496476.
Full textAbstract:
In Italy, the Guidelines for the evaluation and reduction of seismic risk on Cultural Heritage, and the Directive 12/12/2013 “Procedures for management of activities for cultural heritage securing and safeguarding in the event of emergencies caused by natural disasters” identify the compilation of forms to provide vulnerability and damage level representation on movable and immovable assets as an initial procedure. In particular, they establish two important survey instruments: the A-DC Churches and the B-DP Stately Buildings forms.
These are the only two instruments used between 2012 and 2013 for the damage level characterization of the cultural heritage caused by the “Emilia 2012” earthquake. The widespread use of these forms has brought to light several problems that have negatively affected the successive economic assessment of the intervention. In fact, if these sheets describe the vulnerabilities of the specialized types, such as Churches or Stately Buildings well, they are simultaneously ill suited to types with different features, which, in the Emilia-Romagna case, represent about 30% of damage to cultural heritage numerically and economically. In particular, a significant sample of these types is the cemetery type with more than 100 buildings damaged, a percentage equal to 70% of the entire complex of cemeteries located within the crater area.
Accordingly, the aim of this research is to analyse the damage suffered by this type so as to improve the damage assessment procedures, both in the emergency phase and in terms of seismic risk mitigation. The main purpose is to address the cultural heritage restoration policies towards more technically and economically sustainable actions.
Therefore, based on the data collected for the cemeteries damaged in the “Emilia 2012” earthquake, the cemetery type was investigated according to its several aspects: historic and architectural, economic, level of damage, and finally vulnerability. Each of these aspects provided the framework for the definition of a new first-level tool that could be both a damage survey tool and a proactive vulnerability assessment tool. Indeed, the complete compilation of the tool provides an estimate of the damage index and the related repair cost. The partial compilation, on the contrary, allows for the identification of the parameters for the definition of a vulnerability index correlated with a vulnerability curve specifically defined for cemeteries. In the first case it is possible to use the tool in the immediate and urgent phases of the emergency to determine the material and economic impact of the earthquake on the assets; in the second case, instead, it is possible to address the policies of seismic risk mitigation through vulnerability analyses at a territorial scale.
Finally, its status of land-management tool has resulted in its development on a GIS-based digital format for its integration within the regional technical cartography and for the on-site survey.
More than a final solution to the issue of damage assessment in cemeteries, however, this study on cemetery type should be considered as a first step towards the optimization of damage assessment procedures for building types other than churches and Stately Buildings. Only after a seismic event may the new form application provide the feedback on its effective use in emergencies and lead towards its progressive refinement.<br>In Italia, le “Linee guida per la valutazione e la riduzione del rischio sismico del patrimonio del MIBAC” e la Direttiva 12/12/2013 “Procedure per la gestione delle attività di messa in sicurezza e salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale in caso di emergenze derivanti da calamità naturali” individuano come prima procedura conoscitiva, durante le fasi di emergenza, la redazione di schede studiate per fornire una rappresentazione del livello di danno su beni mobili ed immobili. In particolare fanno riferimento a due importantissimi strumenti di rilevo: la scheda A-DC Chiese e la scheda B-DP Palazzi.
Questi sono i due strumenti attraverso i quali tra 2012 e 2013 si è preso atto dello stato del patrimonio culturale costruito dopo il terremoto in Emilia-Romagna e la cui applicazione in questo caso ha portato alla luce diverse problematiche. Tra queste, quella che maggiormente ha afflitto il processo di rilievo del danno, riverberandosi sul processo di quantificazione economica, è l’incapacità dei due strumenti sopracitati di trarre una fotografia esatta del danno per l’intero complesso dei beni culturali. Infatti, se queste schede ben interpretano le vulnerabilità intrinseche degli edifici che rappresentano, mal si adattano a tipologie con caratteristiche differenti che, nel caso dell’Emilia-Romagna, rappresentano il 30% dei beni danneggiati. Uno tra i campioni più significativi di queste tipologie è quello dei cimiteri con oltre 100 edifici danneggiati, una percentuale pari al 70% dell’intero complesso dei cimiteri collocati all’interno dell’area del cratere.
La presente ricerca si è concentrata dunque sull’analisi del danno occorso a questa tipologia edilizia con obiettivo di migliorarne le procedure di rilievo del danno, sia in fase di emergenza che in chiave di mitigazione del rischio sismico. Il fine è infatti quello di indirizzare le politiche di recupero del Patrimonio Culturale verso interventi sempre più sostenibili sia tecnicamente che economicamente. A partire dunque dai dati raccolti per i cimiteri danneggiati nel sisma “Emilia 2012” il tipo cimiteriale è stato indagato nelle sue diverse componenti: storico-architettoniche, economiche, di danno ed infine di vulnerabilità.
Ognuno di questi aspetti ha fornito i caratteri chiave per la definizione di un nuovo strumento di primo livello che si configurasse tanto come strumento per il rilievo del danno, quanto come strumento per la caratterizzazione della vulnerabilità del tipo in chiave proattiva. La compilazione integrale dello strumento fornisce infatti una stima dell’indice di danno e del relativo costo di riparazione. La compilazione parziale, al contrario, permette di individuare i parametri per la definizione di un indice di vulnerabilità dell’edificio correlabile con una curva di vulnerabilità specificatamente definita per i cimiteri. Nel primo caso è possibile utilizzare lo strumento nelle immediate e concitate fasi dell’emergenza per determinare l’impatto fisico ed economico del sisma sui beni, nel secondo caso, invece, è possibile effettuare valutazioni a scala territoriale per indirizzare le politiche di mitigazione del rischio sismico. La natura di strumento per la gestione del territorio ha indirizzato infine il suo sviluppo su supporto digitale di tipo GIS per l’integrazione con la cartografia tecnica regionale.
Il presente contributo sull’organismo cimiteriale va però inteso come un primo passo verso l’ottimizzazione delle procedure di rilievo del danno per tipologie edilizie diverse da chiese e palazzi, e non come una risposta conclusiva al tema del rilievo del danno ai cimiteri. Solo dopo un evento sismico l’applicazione diretta della nuova scheda potrà fornirci risposte sul suo effettivo utilizzo in emergenza e guidarci verso il suo progressivo affinamento.
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HAIDAMUS, Susana Linhares. "Diversidade floral dos m?is da abelha mel?fera africanizada (Apis mellifera Linaeus) do estado do Rio de Janeiro por meio da an?lise melissopalinol?gica." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1879.
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Previous issue date: 2016-08-06<br>CAPES<br>The identification of the blossoms in honeys for marketing is a major challenge for the Brazilian beekeeping sector, which requires information on the botanical and geographical origin of honey and also assist in quality control of this bee product. The aim of this study is to identify the plant species that contribute mostly to the production of honey in the state of Rio de Janeiro, to evaluate the floral origin presents on the label is in line with the laboratory method, and check the quality of the product according to the presence of figurative elements. 152 honey samples were acquired in trade from the state of Rio de Janeiro, among informal and legalized brands. The melissopalinological analysis followed the European standard methodology without acetolysis, to identify the pollen types, their percentages in the sample and their arrangement in the frequency classes. Were identified 60 pollen types, belonging to 27 plant families, 34 genera and nine species. Fabaceae and Asteraceae presented the highest diversity of pollen types. Of all pollen types, 31% were more frequent as Eucalyptus sp., Myrcia sp. and Piptadenia sp. According to the predominance of pollen types in the honey samples, 58.5% were honeys classified as unifloral, the major is Eucalipto honey; 35.5% were heterofloral and 8% bifloral. In the melissopalinological analysis there was an important difference in the floral diversity from the report of the samples and from the frequency of sampling. When the floral identification is made from lab and check the brands of the honeys, there was a difference; only 13% from 89 monofloral samples were in agreement with its botanical origin; five were Eucalyptus, three Citrus, two Vernonia and two Gochnatia. The analysis of the figurative elements in the honey samples, either biological origin or dust, was high (73% of samples). In the sampling, 58% did not obey the standards and quality of honey, due to the presence of microorganism and distiness.<br>A identifica??o das floradas dos m?is comercializados ? um importante desafio para o segmento ap?cola brasileiro, que requer informa??es sobre a origem bot?nica e geogr?fica do mel e tamb?m por auxiliar no controle de qualidade deste produto da abelha. O objetivo do presente trabalho ? identificar as esp?cies vegetais que mais contribuem para a produ??o de mel no estado do Rio de Janeiro, verificar se a nomina??o da origem floral no r?tulo est? em conson?ncia com o m?todo de laborat?rio, e verificar a qualidade do produto por meio da presen?a de elementos figurativos. Foram avaliadas 152 amostras de m?is do com?rcio do estado do Rio de Janeiro, dentre marcas informais a legalizadas. A an?lise melissopalinol?gica seguiu a metodologia padr?o europ?ia, sem uso de acet?lise, para a identifica??o dos tipos pol?nicos, de suas porcentagens na amostra e da disposi??o em classes de frequ?ncia. Foram identificados 60 tipos pol?nicos, pertencentes a 27 fam?lias, 34 g?neros e nove esp?cies. Fabaceae e Asteraceae apresentaram a mais alta diversidade em tipos pol?nicos. Do total de tipos pol?nicos, 31% foram mais frequentes como, Eucalyptus sp., Myrcia sp. e Piptadenia sp. Segundo a predomin?ncia dos tipos pol?nicos nas amostras, 58,5% foram do tipo monofloral, sendo o mel de Eucalipto o mais predominante; 35,5% do tipo heterofloral e 8%, biflorais. H? importante diferen?a na diversidade floral pela an?lise melissoplanol?gica de laudo das amostras e das frequ?ncias na amostragem. A identifica??o floral pelo m?todo de laborat?rio diverge da presente no r?tulo, apenas 13% das 89 amostras tipo monofloral no r?tulo, estavam em concord?ncia com sua origem bot?nica; cinco eram de Eucalyptus, tr?s de Citrus, duas de Vernonia e duas de Gochnatia. A presen?a de elementos figurativos, sejam de origem biol?gica ou sujidades, foi alta (73% das amostras). Das amostras, 58% estavam fora dos padr?es de identidade e qualidade do mel, devido ? presen?a de microrganismos e sujidades.
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Saadat, Hossein. "A GIS and remote sensing protocol for the extraction and definition of Interrill and Rill erosion types/intensities over a large area of Iran." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86813.
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Soil erosion is a complex, natural process that often is accelerated by such human activities as land clearance, agriculture, construction, and surface mining. Accurate soil erosion type/intensity maps can be effective tools in aid of soil erosion control efforts.<br>The principal objective of this research was to use geographic information system (GIS) and remotely sensed data to extract and define erosion types/intensities over a large area (4,511.8 km2) in Iran. The study proceeded in three major steps: (i) a 10-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM), land slope, elevation range, and stream network pattern were created. These basic identifying parameters plus Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images were used to differentiate various landforms, (ii) a land use and land cover map was created based on analysis of three Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images from the growing season plus use of a landform map and climatic zones as ancillary information, and (iii) in order to extract and identify various erosion types/intensities, the difference in brightness combination over two growing season intervals derived from the Landsat ETM+ images were used. Further, land slope, landform, land use, and land cover layers were used to assist in the classification of the erosion types (interrill and rill).<br>The approach presented produced soil erosion type/intensity maps with an overall accuracy of 93.4%. Considering only rangeland and forest a unique relationship exists between seasonal brightness combinations and erosion intensity. It was found that for the lower erosion levels it is the later season or second brightness combination (BJS) which indicates degree of erosion intensity, but for the areas of severe and very severe erosion it is the early season or first brightness combination (BMJ) that differentiates degree of erosion intensity. Further, this study illustrated that land use, land cover, landform, and land slope layers can be used for differentiating erosion types.<br>The approach presented has been shown to be an effective tool for the creation of soil erosion maps over a large area of Iran and is expected to be useful for aiding in the development of soil conservation and watershed management plans in other areas. The main advantages of this approach are accuracy, lower demands on time and funds for field work and ready availability of required data for many regions of the world.<br>Processus naturel complexe, l'érosion du sol est fréquemment exacerbée par les activités anthropiques telles le défrichage, l'agriculture, la construction, et l'exploitation minière à ciel ouvert. Une cartographie précise du type et de l'intensité d'érosion du sol peut s'avérer un outil efficace dans une lutte contre l'érosion.<br>Les présentes recherches visèrent l'utilisation de SIG et de données de télédétection dans la localisation et l'identification de divers types d'érosion sur une aire de grande étendue (4,511.8 km2) en Iran. L'étude s'échelonna sur trois étapes: (i) un modèle altimétrique numérique (MAN) d'une résolution de 10 m servit à créer des plans de pente du terrain, d'altitude, et du tracé hydrographique. Différentes formes de relief furent différenciés grâce à ces paramètres identificateurs et à des images provenant de radiomètre spatial de pointe pour l'étude de la réflectance et des émissions thermiques terrestres (ASTER), (ii) une carte d'affectation et de couvert du sol fut tracée selon l'analyse de trois images Landsat ETM+ prises durant la saison de croissance ainsi que des informations supplémentaires tirés de cartes de relief et de zones climatiques, et (iii) la différence dans la combinaison de brillances provenant d'images Landsat ETM+, lors de deux intervalles de la saison de croissance, servit à extraire et identifier les différents types et intensités d'érosion. Les plans de pente du terrain, de relief, ainsi que ceux d'affectation et couvert du sol, appuyèrent l'identification du type d'érosion (rigoles et entre-rigoles).<br>Cette approche généra des cartes de type et d'intensité d'érosion d'une exactitude globale de 93.4%. Ne prenant en compte que les parcours et forêts, il devient apparent qu'il existe un lien tout particulier entre la combinaison de brillances saisonnières et le taux d'érosion. Pour les niveaux d'érosions moins élevés c'est la seconde combinaison de brillances (BJS), qui prévale en fin de saison, qui est la plus fortement liée au niveau d'intensité de l'érosion, tandis que pour les zones d'érosion sévères et très sévères c'est la première combinaison de brillances (BMJ), qui prévale en début de saison, qui permet de différencier le niveau d'intensité de l'érosion. Cette étude indique que l'affectation et le couvert du sol, le relief et les pentes du terrain peuvent servir à différencier divers types d'érosion.<br>Nous avons démontré que la démarche préconisée représente un outil efficace dans la création de cartes d'érosion à grande échelle pour l'Iran, et nous nous attendons qu'elle s'avèrera utile au développement de politiques de conservation du sol et de gestion des bassins versants dans d'autres régions. Les principaux avantages de cette démarche sont sa précision, ses moindres exigences au niveau du temps sur le terrain et coûts associés, ainsi que la disponibilité accrue des données nécessaires de par le monde.
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Daymond, Tahlia. "Comparison of Flickr and Public Participation GIS to characterise the types, spatial patterns and socio-ecological drivers of social values for the Kimberley region." Thesis, Daymond, Tahlia (2020) Comparison of Flickr and Public Participation GIS to characterise the types, spatial patterns and socio-ecological drivers of social values for the Kimberley region. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/59951/.
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Coastal and marine environments are highly valued for the resources and services they provide. To sustainably manage these environments, we need to understand what people value and where these values occur, but spatial data is not always easily obtainable. Crowdsourcing methods such as the retrieval of geotagged photographs from the photo-sharing social media platform Flickr and Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) that use field-based or online mapping techniques enable the identification, quantification and mapping of social values. This study compared these methods to evaluate whether Flickr provides similar data to PPGIS about values and where they are likely to occur.
A total of 5,293 geotagged Flickr photographs of the natural environment were retrieved for the Kimberley region in Western Australia. The relative abundance of the ten evaluated value types differed between Flickr and two previously published PPGIS datasets involving field-based interviews (p < 0.001) and an online survey (p < 0.001), but scenic/aesthetic and nature appreciation were highly valued in all studies. There were clear distinctions in the spatial patterns of where values were recorded; Flickr users tended to take photographs near easily-accessible locations, whereas PPGIS participants mapped values across most of the Kimberley coastline. Spatial modelling performed to investigate the distribution of value types revealed accessibility was the main driver to where Flickr users were likely to take photographs within the Kimberley region. In contrast, values mapped by PPGIS participants were more broadly distributed and therefore the models were less able to identify strong relationships with the evaluated drivers. Despite this, value types mapped by both methods were concentrated near the coastline and the few major towns of the region, likely due to these being familiar places and popular tourism destinations.
Values crowdsourced through Flickr and PPGIS can be used together to take advantage of their reinforcing and complementary information. Whilst PPGIS enabled more value types to be identified within the study area and over a greater spatial distribution, Flickr can be used to provide further depth of information, such as insight into certain value types through photograph content analysis and by highlighting locations of visitation that may need management. The findings of this study can be valuable to inform future planning and management of coastal and marine environments, especially where spatial data may be limited.
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Palevičius, Vytautas. "Vilniaus m. automobilių stovėjimo vietų informacinės sistemos kūrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080721_110239-27757.
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Magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – sudaryti automobilių stovėjimo aikštelių ir atskirų automobilių stovėjimo vietų informacinę sistemą Vilniaus mieste. Taip pat sudaryti geoinformacinę sistemą, kurią naudojant galima parodyti automobilių aikštelių ir informacinių stendų išsidėstymą tarp atskirų rajono dalių, bei jų tipų ir automobilių aikštelių užimtumą. Magistro darbe analizuojama ir įdiegiama keturių lygmenų informacinė sistema t.y. Vilniaus miesto priemiesčiuose ties įvažiavimais, centrinėje miesto dalyje, gyvenamuosiuose rajonuose ir atskirose automobilių stovėjimo aikštelėse. Panaudojant GIS, sukurta automobilių aikštelių informacinės sistemos duomenų bazė, kuri leidžia lengviau susisteminti duomenis.<br>The goal of this paper is to create an informational system generalizing information on distribution of car parking in Vilnius. As well as this, to create a geoinformational system which could be used to visually demonstrate distribution of car parking information system between separate parts of Vilnius area and analysis of distribution of their types and car parking busy. In the paper the full analysis and instal car parking four level informational system of the town near entry, of the town centre, living district. Using GIS was created car parking information basis.
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Wells, W. Kevin. "Object-Based Segmentation and Classification of One Meter Imagery for Use in Forest Management Plans." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/653.
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This research developed an ArcGIS Python model that extracts polygons from aerial imagery and assigns each polygon a vegetation type based on a modified set of landcover classes from the Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project. The model showed an ability to generate polygons that accurately represent vegetation community boundaries across a large landscape. The model is for use by the Utah Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands to assist in the preparation of forest management plans. The model was judged useful because it was easy to use, it met a designated 50% threshold of useable polygons, and it met a designated 50% threshold of vegetation class assignment accuracy.
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Andersson, Jan-Olov. "A GIS-based landscape analysis of dissolved organic carbon in boreal headwater streams." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad : Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Biology, Karlstads universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2925.
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MARTINS, Inayara Beatriz Araujo. "Produ??o, avalia??o f?sico-qu?mica, microbiol?gica e sensorial de queijo de cabra probi?tico tipo ?Boursin?" Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1729.
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CAPES<br>Even more people look for products that offer better quality of life and promote health. Goat's milk is considered a highly nutritious food; however, its characteristic flavor still makes this milk and dairy products little consumed by Brazilian consumers. The addition of probiotic cultures is a strategy to improve benefits for health, increase the aggregate value and stimulate the productive sector. Moreover, it also can improve the sensory characteristics of the products. The purpose of this study was to produce probiotic goat cheese type "Boursin" using two probiotic cultures and evaluate the physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics during 35 days in cold storage. Three treatments of goat cheese type "Boursin" were produced: without the addition of probiotic culture (Control), added of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 (BB) and added of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR). Physical-chemical analyzes of moisture, protein, fat, ash, pH and acidity were performed, and the count of Salmonella sp., Total Coliform and E. coli were also conducted. Counting of lactic acid bacteria was carried out to establish the viability of the probiotic during the shelf life and after in vitro simulation into the human gastrointestinal tract. The acceptance of different treatments was evaluated using 9- point structured hedonic scales. The samples and the expected Ideal goat cheese were characterized by cheese consumers using the Check-all- that-apply (CATA) methodology. Survival analysis was used to investigate the cheeses shelf life. Significant differences were observed (p <0.05) in the levels of protein, moisture and fat of the cheeses. It was found low counting of coliforms and Salmonella ssp. and E. coli in all samples. The viability of probiotic cultures B. lactis and L. rhamnosus was not affected during refrigerated storage of the products, reaching scores greater than 7 log CFU / g. B. lactis presented greater resistance to artificial gastric and enteric juices when compared to L. rhamnosus with 0.2 to 4 log CFU / g mean decreases of the initial populations, respectively. It was found difference in the participants? preference, and three groups of consumers have been identified. Consumers were able to perceive differences in sensory characteristics of the samples and none of them was similar to the Ideal goat cheese. The attributes that drove the acceptance and were considered necessary to increase the average acceptance were tenderness, nice appearance, smooth texture, pleasant aroma, mild aroma and white color. Sour taste and strong flavor were considered negative, responsible for causing a decrease in acceptance. The goat cheese samples reached shelf life longer than 35 days of storage. The results show that the goat cheese type "Boursin" is a promising matrix for incorporation of probiotic cultures B. lactis and L. rhamnosus being a viable strategy to improve the nutritional characteristics of cheeses and add value to the product, as it did not negatively affect the acceptance and cheeses? sensory characteristics.<br>Cada vez mais as pessoas buscam produtos que ofere?am melhor qualidade de vida e promovam a sa?de. O leite de cabra ? considerado um alimento de alto valor nutritivo; no entanto, seu sabor caracter?stico torna esse leite e derivados ainda pouco consumidos pelos consumidores brasileiros. A adi??o de culturas probi?ticas ? uma estrat?gia para melhorar os benef?cios ? sa?de, aumentar o valor agregado e estimular o setor produtivo. Al?m disso, pode melhorar as caracter?sticas sensoriais dos produtos. O objetivo desse estudo foi produzir queijo de cabra probi?tico tipo "Boursin" empregando duas culturas probi?ticas e avaliar as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas, microbiol?gicas e sensoriais durante 35 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. Tr?s tratamentos de queijos de cabra tipo ?Boursin? foram processados: sem a adi??o de cultura probi?tica (Controle), adicionado do probi?tico Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis ? BB12 (BB) e adicionado do probi?tico Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR). Foram realizadas an?lises f?sico-qu?micas de umidade, prote?na, gordura, cinzas, pH e acidez. Pesquisa de Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli e coliformes totais tamb?m foram conduzidas. Contagens de bact?rias l?ticas foram realizadas para constatar a viabilidade dos probi?ticos durante a vida ?til e ap?s a simula??o in vitro da passagem dos probi?ticos pelo trato gastrointestinal humano. A aceita??o dos diferentes tratamentos foi avaliada por meio de escala hed?nica estruturada de 9 pontos. As amostras e o esperado no queijo de cabra Ideal foram caracterizadas por consumidores de queijo utilizando a metodologia Check-all-that-apply (CATA). A an?lise de sobreviv?ncia foi utilizada para investigar a vida ?til dos queijos. Foram encontradas diferen?as significativa (p < 0,05) nos teores de prote?na, umidade e gordura dos queijos. Verificou-se baixas contagens de coliformes totais e aus?ncia de Salmonella spp. e E. coli em todas as amostras analisadas. A viabilidade das culturas probi?ticas B. lactis e L. rhamnosus n?o foi afetada durante o armazenamento refrigerado dos produtos, com contagens acima de 7 Log UFC/g. B. lactis apresentou maior resist?ncia aos sucos g?stricos e ent?ricos quando comparada ao L. rhamnosus, com decr?scimos m?dios das popula??es iniciais de 0,2 e 4 Log UFC/g, respectivamente. Foi encontrada diferen?a na prefer?ncia dos participantes e tr?s grupos de consumidores foram identificados. Os consumidores foram capazes de perceber diferen?as nas caracter?sticas sensoriais das amostras e nenhuma delas foi semelhante ao esperado para queijo de cabra Ideal. Os atributos que dirigiram a aceita??o e considerados necess?rios para elevar a m?dia da aceita??o foram maciez, apar?ncia agrad?vel, textura suave, aroma agrad?vel, aroma suave e cor branca. Gosto ?cido e sabor forte foram considerados negativos, respons?veis por causar decr?scimo na aceita??o. As amostras de queijo de cabra alcan?aram vida ?til superior aos 35 dias de armazenamento. Os resultados demonstram que o queijo de cabra tipo "Boursin" ? uma matriz promissora para a incorpora??o das culturas probi?ticas B. lactis e L. rhamnosus, sendo uma estrat?gia vi?vel para melhorar as caracter?sticas nutricionais dos queijos e agregar valor ao produto, uma vez que n?o afetaram de maneira negativa a aceita??o e caracter?sticas sensoriais dos queijos.
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Marques, Viviane Figueira. "Express?o g?nica na forma??o do biofilme e resist?ncia aos beta-lact?micos em isolados de Staphylococcus aureus provenientes de leite mast?tico bovino." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2065.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-02<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>Staphylococcus spp. plays an important role in the etiology of bovine mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most relevant specie due to the production of virulence factors such as ?slime?, which is required for biofilm formation. This study aimed to detect the phenotypic expression of the biofilm formation in 20 S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis, to detect and quantify the expression of genes involved in its production and regulation, as well as to detect the phenogenotypic resistance to beta-lactam in order to evaluate the possible relation between biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance. The isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF and phenogenotypic identification assays. Also they were submitted to the phenotypic tests to evaluate biofilm production and the susceptibility to beta-lactams. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in the Biofilm (MICB) were determined to three isolates presenting distinct biofilm production. Futherly, a PCR for the detection of ?slime? production genes (icaA and icaD), Bap protein (bap), beta-lactamase (blaZ) and protein altered penicillin-binding (mecA). Also, the Agr system was typified (agr I, agr II, agr III and agr IV) and its regulator (agr RNAIII) was detected. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed to determine the most suitable time interval for biofilm analysis. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed at the chosen times to quantify the expression of icaA, icaD and hld genes in the three studied isolates. All 20 isolates were biofilm producers and most presented icaA and icaD genes. Only one isolate presented the bap gene. The agr gene type II presented a prevalence of 70%. The SEM showed gradual changes in bacterial arrangement during the biofilm formation along the phases of the growth curve. The peak was reached at the stationary phase. Transcriptional analysis revealed increased expression of ica genes at 8 h of growth and of hld at 24 h. However, for the N-365 strain the ica expression was of low yield. For this study, the penicillin resistance was related to the production of beta-lactamase otherwise the high MBC detected for cefoxitin may be associated to biofilm protection, evidentiated by the fact that the isolates have MICB values higher than MICs tested for planktonic cells<br>Staphylococcus spp. tem papel importante na etiologia da mastite bovina. Staphylococcus aureus ? considerada a esp?cie mais relevante devido ? produ??o de fatores de virul?ncia, tais como ?slime?, o que favorece a forma??o do biofilme. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo detectar a express?o fenot?pica da forma??o de biofilme em 20 isolados de S. aureus oriundos de mastite bovina, detectar e quantificar a express?o dos genes envolvidos na sua produ??o e regula??o, al?m de detectar a resist?ncia fenogenot?pica aos beta-lact?micos para avalia??o da poss?vel rela??o da produ??o de biofilme com a resist?ncia antimicrobiana. Os isolados foram caracterizados atrav?s de testes fenogenot?picos e MALDI-TOF, submetidos ?s provas fenot?picas de detec??o da forma??o de biofilme e avalia??o da suscetibilidade aos beta-lact?micos. A Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM), Concentra??o Bactericida M?nima (CBM) e a Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima no Biofilme (CIMB) foram determinadas para tr?s isolados selecionados com base na varia??o da intensidade da produ??o de biofilme. Posteriormente, todos os isolados foram submetidos ? t?cnica de PCR para detec??o dos genes de produ??o de ?slime? (icaA e icaD), prote?na Bap (bap), beta-lactamase (blaZ) e prote?na ligante de penicilina alterada (mecA). Al?m de detec??o do sistema regulador Agr (agr RNAIII) e da tipifica??o do sistema Agr (agr I, agr II, agr III e agr IV). Foi realizada Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) para determinar o intervalo de tempo mais adequado para a an?lise do biofilme. A PCR em tempo real (qPCR) foi realizada nos tempos selecionados para quantificar a express?o dos genes icaA, icaD e hld em tr?s isolados com produ??o variada de biofilme. Todos os isolados foram produtores de biofilme e a maioria apresentou os genes icaA e icaD. Apenas um isolado apresentou o gene bap. O gene agr tipo II mostrou preval?ncia de 70%. A MEV mostrou mudan?as graduais no arranjo bacteriano durante a forma??o de biofilme ao longo das fases da curva de crescimento que atingiu seu pico de forma??o na fase estacion?ria. A an?lise transcricional evidenciou maior express?o dos genes ica no tempo de 8 h de crescimento e hld em 24 h. Contudo, a cepa N-365 mostrou baixa produ??o dos genes ica. Para este estudo, a resist?ncia ? penicilina foi relacionada com a produ??o de beta-lactamase, enquanto a elevada CBM detectada para cefoxitina pode estar associada ? prote??o que o biofilme oferece, epis?dio evidenciado pelo fato dos isolados apresentarem valores de CIMB superiores aos CIMs testados para as c?lulas planct?nicas.
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Parker, Shaunta Shanell. "A Geographic Information System (GIS) Analysis of Cancer Clinical Trial Locations in the State of Georgia by Major Cancer Type." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/21.
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Improving cancer care through clinical research is a major public health issue. However, in Georgia, the exact number of cancer clinical trials is unknown, indicating the need for baseline data regarding cancer clinical trial locations and cancer burden. This study provides the first statewide analysis of cancer clinical trial locations using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This study examines cancer clinical trial locations by county, according to incidence rates, racial patterns and mortality rates of the four major cancer types: breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate. Findings from this study suggest that metro-Atlanta counties have higher densities of cancer clinical trials. This study also found that there were little or no cancer clinical trials available in counties with the highest rates of overall incidence, African American incidence and overall mortality. This research demonstrates the need to increase availability of cancer clinical trials in counties with the highest cancer burden.
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Levick, Lainie Robin. "Prediction of Rainfall and Snowmelt Produced Runoff : Linking a Hydrologic Model with Remote Sensing and GIS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1998_36_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Nord, Robert. "Södra Mälarens innehållsrika backscatter : En studie av hur backscatterdata kan granskas, bottentypsklassificeras och utnyttjas med hjälp av GIS och statistiska metoder." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43691.
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Sjöfartsverket har i sitt arkiv en stor mängd backscatterdata, insamlat med multibeamekolod, som ännu inte har använts till sin fulla potential. Backscatterdata innehåller information om den reflekterade signalens styrka, även kallad amplitud. Stora mängder backscatterdata kan användas för att beskriva den akustiska bottenreflektionen. Syftet med denna undersökning är att beskriva hur variationen för amplituden varierar beroende på vilken bottentyp den reflekteras ifrån. En metod för att skapa rasterdataset med bottenhårdhet och bottentyp baserat på amplituddata ska utvecklas. Resultaten från denna metod ska sedan jämföras med kartdata från Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning (SGU). Totalt användes cirka 45 miljoner bottenpunkter i studieområdet. Varje punkt innehåller information om amplitud som systemet har registrerat från det reflekterade ekot. Dessa data behövde genomgå databehandlingar, bl.a. en vinkelkorrigering som ger ett mer trovärdigt värde av amplitud. Med hjälp av befintlig information om studieområdets sjöbotten i form av en maringeologisk karta från SGU, kunde amplitud från ett antal specifika uppskattade bottentyper studeras direkt. Resultatet uppvisar stora skillnader i amplitudens variationer. Specifika medelvärden och standardavvikelser kan urskiljas beroende av vilken specifik uppskattad bottentyp som studerades. ”Mjuk lera” gav en svagare signal med relativt låg standardavvikelse. ”Häll” och ”sten och block” reflekterade en liknade men starkare signal. Amplitudata från backscatter-informationen i hela datamängden utnyttjades för att skapa raster vars syfte var att beskriva den uppskattade bottenhårdheten. Olika raster skapades med olika parametrar beroende på ändamål. Gemensamt för alla skapade raster är att de är uppbyggda med metoden ”flytande beräkning” som möjliggjorde en mer utjämning. Resultatet av medelvärde och standardavvikelse från varje enskild bottentyp utnyttjades för att utföra en klassning av bottentyper på ett skapat raster lämpad för just bottentypsklassificering. För att få ett mer noggrannare medelvärde och standardavvikelse studerades ett 68 % konfidensintervall för de olika bottentyperna. De bottentyper som valdes för klassningen var ”mjuk lera”, ”sand, grus och sten”, ”häll”, ”sten och block” och även ”lägre amplituder”. ”Häll” och ”sten och block” klassades samma eftersom deras fysikaliska egenskaper gör att deras värden ligger nära varandra vilket gjorde det svårt att urskilja dem.”Lägre amplituder” utnyttjades för att identifiera områden som har lägre reflektionsförmåga än mjuk lera. Vilken bottentyp det är kan endast provtagning ge svar på. Med hjälp av tolkning av skapade raster och den maringeologiska kartan så korrigerades intervallen och användes som klassning. Resultatet från klassningen visar tydligt att områden kan urskiljas i kartbilden. Majoriteten av klassningarna resulterade i typen mjuk lera. En jämförelse av klassningen med den maringeologiska kartan visar att stora skillnader finns mellan dem. Mjuk lera gav en överensstämmelse på 86 %, sand, grus och sten 30 % och häll, sten och block 52,5 %, vilket gav en total överenstämmelse på 56,2 %. Jämförelse utfördes även med 9 provtagningspunkter som fanns tillgängliga i området. Det visade en total överenstämmelse på 89 %. Undersökningen visar att amplitud från havsbottnen korrelerar med bottentypen det är. Noterbart är att metoden för bottentypsklassificering som utvecklats i denna studie inte har kunnat kvalitetsgranskas med ett trovärdigt resultat, p.g.a. av statistiskt för få provtagningspunkter att jämföra mot. Studien visar dock att med mer data och noggrannare referensdata kan en mer automatisk klassningsmetod utvecklas.<br>The Swedish Maritime Administration (Sjöfartsverket) has a large amount of backscatter data collected with multibeam echosounder in their archive that has not been fully used despite its great potential. Backscatter data contains information about the strength of the reflected signal, often called amplitude strength. Large amounts of backscatter data could be used to describe the acoustic bottom reflection. The purpose of this study is to describe how the variation of the amplitude strength varies dependent on which estimated bottom types the data reflects from. Also a method will be produced which purpose is to create gridded dataset of estimated bottom hardness and bottom type based on amplitude data and compare this method with official data from the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU).A total number of 45 million depths (data points) were used in the study area. Every data point contains information about the amplitude strength that the system has recovered from the reflective echo. This data needed to be preprocessed, including an angle correction that produces a more reliable value of the amplitude strength. With existing information about the bottom from the study area, in this case a marine geological map from SGU, the amplitude from some estimated specified bottom types could be studied. The result shows differences in their variation. Specific values of mean and standard deviation could be distinguished by which estimated specific bottom types that were studied.The amplitude strength from the backscatter information of the complete data set was used to create a raster that describes the estimated bottom-hardness. Different raster were created with various parameters dependent on the purpose. All of the created raster data had in common that it was created using a technique called “flow calculation” which result in more equalization.The mean and standard deviation for every individual estimated bottom type were used to create interval for classification of the bottom types. To achieve a more accurate estimation of the mean and standard deviation for the bottom types, a 68 % confidence interval were used. The classes that were chosen for classification was “soft clay”, “sand, gravel and stone”, “solid rock”, “stone and block” and “lower amplitudes”. “Solid rock” and “stone and block” were combined in the same class because of their similar physical properties. “Lower amplitudes” were chosen in order to indicate areas where the amplitude strength from the reflective echo was lower than “soft clay”.The result of the intervals was adjusted by an examination of the raster data and the marine geological map and was then used for classification.The result from the classification shows that areas of different bottom types could be distinguished in the map. The majority of the classification was of the type “soft clay”. A comparison between the classification and the marine geological map showed some differences. “Soft clay” matched with 86 %, “sand, gravel and stone” 30 %, “solid rock, stone and block” 52,5 % and the total matched with 56,2 %. Comparisons between 9 samplings in the area were made. The result shows that the classification-accuracy is 89 %.The study shows that the amplitude strength correlates to the bottom type. Note that too few samplings for bottom classification were used in the study and thus the results are not fully reliable. The study, however, shows that with larger amount of data and more accurate reference data a better automatic classification method could be developed.
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Norman, Laura Margaret. "Modeling Land Use Change and Associate Water Quality Impacts in the Ambos Nogales Watershed, US-Mexico Border." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1427%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Syphard, Alexandra Dunya. "A raster-based GIS analysis of the cumulative impacts of humans and beaver on wetland area and types in the Chickahominy River watershed (Virginia, USA) from 1953 to 1994." VCU Scholars Compass, 1998. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5538.
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Despite increased recognition of wetland functions and values, wetland loss and degradation continues in the United States. Digital wetlands and uplands coverages were analyzed to compare the cumulative impacts of humans and beaver (Castor canadensis) on wetland types in the Chickahominy River watershed (Virginia, USA) from 1953 to 1994. A vector-based approach was used for data manipulation, and a raster-based approach was chosen to analyze geographic change over time. Study findings indicated that anthropogenic activities were responsible for both wetland loss and gain in the watershed, and beavers substantially influenced shifting between wetland types. Wetland area increased 4% over 41 years.
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McMillan, Andrew James Mr. "Multifamily Units in the Dispersed City: Measuring Infill and Development by Neighborhood Type in the Kansas City Region." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1367857439.
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Coakley, Corrine. "Activity Space in a Terminal Classic Maya HouseholdXuenkal, Yucatan, Mexico." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1406544634.
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Muthukumar, Subrahmanyam. "The application of advanced inventory techniques in urban inventory data development to earthquake risk modeling and mitigation in mid-America." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26662.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--City Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: French, Steven P.; Committee Member: Drummond, William; Committee Member: Goodno, Barry; Committee Member: McCarthy, Patrick; Committee Member: Yang, Jiawen. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Scarfe, Bradley Edward. "Oceanographic Considerations for the Management and Protection of Surfing Breaks." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2668.
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Although the physical characteristics of surfing breaks are well described in the literature, there is little specific research on surfing and coastal management. Such research is required because coastal engineering has had significant impacts to surfing breaks, both positive and negative. Strategic planning and environmental impact assessment methods, a central tenet of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), are recommended by this thesis to maximise surfing amenities. The research reported here identifies key oceanographic considerations required for ICZM around surfing breaks including: surfing wave parameters; surfing break components; relationship between surfer skill, surfing manoeuvre type and wave parameters; wind effects on waves; currents; geomorphic surfing break categorisation; beach-state and morphology; and offshore wave transformations. Key coastal activities that can have impacts to surfing breaks are identified. Environmental data types to consider during coastal studies around surfing breaks are presented and geographic information systems (GIS) are used to manage and interpret such information. To monitor surfing breaks, a shallow water multibeam echo sounding system was utilised and a RTK GPS water level correction and hydrographic GIS methodology developed. Including surfing in coastal management requires coastal engineering solutions that incorporate surfing. As an example, the efficacy of the artificial surfing reef (ASR) at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, was evaluated. GIS, multibeam echo soundings, oceanographic measurements, photography, and wave modelling were all applied to monitor sea floor morphology around the reef. Results showed that the beach-state has more cellular circulation since the reef was installed, and a groin effect on the offshore bar was caused by the structure within the monitoring period, trapping sediment updrift and eroding sediment downdrift. No identifiable shoreline salient was observed. Landward of the reef, a scour hole ~3 times the surface area of the reef has formed. The current literature on ASRs has primarily focused on reef shape and its role in creating surfing waves. However, this study suggests that impacts to the offshore bar, beach-state, scour hole and surf zone hydrodynamics should all be included in future surfing reef designs. More real world reef studies, including ongoing monitoring of existing surfing reefs are required to validate theoretical concepts in the published literature.
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Krajangwongs, Sethapan. "The analysis of vegetation types in Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, using remote sensing and GIS." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37510489.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1997.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-128).
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Huang, Zhen Quan, and 黃振全. "A study of applying GIS in querying land use type in Wusheh reservoir watershed." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66658740602011064231.
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Huang, Zhi. "Individual and combined AI models for complicated predictive forest type mapping using multisource GIS data." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148517.
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Καραγιάννη, Παναγιώτα. "Οικολογία των τύπων οικοτόπων της αποξηραμένης λίμνης Μουριάς : μελέτη της χλωρίδας και βλάστησης και οικολογική διερεύνηση περιβαλλοντικών παραμέτρων στα πλαίσια προγράμματος πιλοτικού επαναπλημμυρισμού". Thesis, 2009. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3884.
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Η περιοχή της αποξηραμένης Λίμνης Μουριάς βρίσκεται στο Ν. Ηλείας 5 Κm ΝΔ της πόλης του Πύργου κοντά στις εκβολές του Αλφειού ποταμού. Η παλιά λίμνη αποξηράνθηκε την περίοδο 1967-69.
Αντικείμενο της διατριβής είναι: α) η μελέτη της χλωρίδας της περιοχής και ο προσδιορισμός και η χαρτογράφηση των τύπων οικοτόπων, β) η εκτίμηση της υποβάθμισης των μονάδων βλάστησης εξαιτίας των διάφορων ανθρωπογενών επιδράσεων, γ) η συσχέτιση των διακρινόμενων φυτοκοινοτήτων με τους περιβαλλοντικούς παράγοντες (φυσικοχημικές παράμετροι εδάφους και νερού), δ) ο πιλοτικός επαναπλημμυρισμός 5 στρεμμάτων και η εκτίμηση του ρυθμού εποικισμού της νέας λίμνης με φυτικά taxa.
Κατά την εργασία πεδίου έγιναν εποχικές φυτοληψίες σε όλη την έκταση της αποξηραμένης λίμνης με τη μέθοδο Braun-Blanquet. Παράλληλα, έγιναν δειγματοληψίες εδάφους και νερού σε θέσεις στις οποίες είχαν πραγματοποιηθεί και δειγματοληψίες βλάστησης. Ακολούθησε η αναγνώριση των τύπων οικοτόπων και προσδιορίστηκαν τα όρια τους με τη χρήση GPS. Κατά την εργαστηριακή επεξεργασία έγινε η χλωριδική ανάλυση και ο προσδιορισμός των μονάδων βλάστησης, ενώ προσδιορίστηκαν οι φυσικοχημικές παράμετροι εδάφους και νερού.
Οι σχέσεις των περιβαλλοντικών παραμέτρων διερευνήθηκαν τόσο μεταξύ τους, όσο και με τις μονάδες βλάστησης, με τη χρήση του συντελεστή συσχέτισης Spearman, τη μεθόδο Canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA) και την πολυπαραγοντική στατιστική ανάλυση (Factor analysis). Τέλος, πραγματοποιήθηκε πιλοτικός επαναπλημμυρισμός μικρού τμήματος της περιοχής (5.000 m²) και συστηματική παρακολούθηση του ρυθμού εποικισμού του νέου υγροτόπου με φυτικά είδη.
Τα φυτικά είδη που καταγράφηκαν στην περιοχή της παλιάς λίμνης ανέρχονται σε 284, από τα οποία 144 χαρακτηρίζονται ως είδη διαταραγμένων βιοτόπων (δείκτες βόσκησης, ζιζάνια καλλιεργειών, είδη κρασπέδων δρόμων ή αγρών και περιοικιστικών χώρων). Παράλληλα, αναγνωρίστηκαν επτά διαφορετικοί τύποι οικοτόπων και 16 φυτοκοινότητες. Τα μεσογειακά αλίπεδα, οι καλαμώνες και οι συστάδες αρμυρίκης καταλαμβάνουν τη μεγαλύτερη έκταση στην περιοχή. Τη μέγιστη επίδραση και από τις τρεις κατηγορίες των φυτών-δεικτών υποβάθμισης παρουσιάζουν τα αλίπεδα, ενώ τα εποχιακά τέλματα εμφανίζουν τη μικρότερη επίδραση.
Οι κοινότητες των αμμοθινών, καθώς και αυτές που σχηματίζονται στα έγκοιλα των θινών, αναπτύσσονται σε αμμώδη εδάφη, πλούσια σε CaCO3 και ιόντα ασβεστίου, με υψηλές τιμές pH. Οι κοινότητες των μεσογειακών αλιπέδων αναπτύσσονται σε διάφορους τύπους εδαφών από αμμώδη έως αργιλοπηλώδη, με υψηλή αλατότητα και αυξημένες συγκεντρώσεις φωσφόρου. Η υγρασία του εδάφους και η περιεκτικότητά του σε νιτρικό άζωτο είναι οι σημαντικότεροι παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την ανάπτυξη των κοινοτήτων με Tamarix sp. Τα εδάφη των εποχιακών λιμνών της περιοχής παρουσιάζουν ένα συνδυασμό υψηλής αλατότητας, αλκαλικότητας και συγκέντρωσης θρεπτικών. Η κοινότητα με Phragmites australis αναπτύσσεται σε θέσεις υψηλότερης αλατότητας του νερού σε σχέση με την κοινότητα της Typha domingensis.
Η μελέτη της διαδοχής της βλάστησης στο νέο υγρότοπο, δείχνει ένα σχετικά γρήγορο εποικισμό της νέας λίμνης, με είδη κυρίως των γειτονικών εποχιακών τελμάτων και καναλιών π.χ. Ruppia maritima, Zannichellia palustris, Chara sp., Ranunculus baudotti κ.ά.<br>The area of the drained Mouria lake is located 5Km SW of Pyrgos city (Prefecture of Ileia) near Alfeios River estuary. It was drained during the period 1967-69.
Subjects of the present thesis are: a) the study of the flora in the drained lake area, the identification and the mapping of the habitat types, b) the estimation of the vegetation units degradation degree by various human activities, c) the correlation of the vegetation units with certain environmental parameters (soil and water physicochemical parameters), d) the pilot-scale re-flood of a part of the drained lake (0.5 ha) in order to estimate the colonization rate by plant species in the new lake.
Seasonal vegetation samples were taken from the whole area of the drained Mouria Lake, following Braun-Blanquet method. Habitat types were identified and their limits were determined by means of GPS. In order to study environmental parameters soil and water samples were taken in sites where vegetation samples had already been taken. After the floristic analysis, vegetation units were detemined. The abundance of indicator plants of habitat degradation (grazing indicator plants, weeds and ruderals) in each habitat’s floristic composition is used in order to evaluate their ecological status. Correlations between environmental parameters were tested using Spearman correlation test, while Canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA) and Factor analysis were performed in order to examine relationships between the vegetation units and environmental variables. For a pilot-scale lake restoration an area of 0,5 ha was selected in the SE part of the former lake to be re-flooded.
A total of 284 plant species were recorded in the are of the drained lake, 144 of which are characterized as indicator plants of habitat degradation. Seven habitat types and sixteen plant communities have also been identified in the study area. Salt meadows, reeds and Tamarix stands have the biggest cover in the area. Salt meadows appear to have the highest degree of degradation and the temporary ponds the lowest.
The plant communities of sand dunes and these of wet dune slacks are formed in sandy soil, rich in CaCO3 and Ca+2 and with high pH values. The salt meadows communities are developed in various types of soils (sandy to loamy-clay) with high electric conductivity values and high phosphor concentrations. The soil moisture and the NO3- concentration are the most important factors that influence the growth of communities with Tamarix sp. Temporary ponds present a combination of high salinity, alkalinity and nutrient concentration values in the area. Phragmites australis community is developed on sites with higher water salinity values than Typha domingensis community.
The study of vegetation succession in the pilot-scale wetland shows that many plant species of the nearby temporary ponds and channels like Ruppia maritima, Zannichellia palustris, Chara sp., Ranunculus baudotti etc. have rapidly colonised the new lake .
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Lin, Yu-hsuan, and 林于軒. "Surge and Ground Fault Characteristics Analysis and Affection Assessments for the outdoor type GIS of Large Power Plant." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yn7449.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電機工程系研究所<br>102<br>Large power plants usually connect to extra high voltage systems (EHV). If the EHV switchyard use outdoor type GIS (Gas Insulated Switchyard, GIS), it may be more serious than conventional open type switchyard when the accident occurs. Switching surge, lightning surge and ground fault are the common and frequent electrical accidents. These accidents have significant impact on the system and have threats to personnel and equipment. Therefore, exploring these accidents is the key point of this thesis. In this thesis, we explore typical power plant 345kV GIS of Taipower system. Firstly, the model of whole switchyard is constructed by the alternative transient program (EMTP/ATP). Then, the characteristics of switching surge, lightning surge and ground fault are simulated, respectively. The characteristics include vital equipment voltage and current change on the system. The current and voltage change cover transient and steady-state. The system includes switchyard itself, generators, transformers and transmission lines. Switchyard grounding system is closely related to the personnel and equipment safety. Therefore we must further analyze its electromagnetic characteristics. In this thesis, ATP is used to simulate the current of every grounding point that injects into GIS grounding grid. Then this data is analyzed by a software package named Current Distribution Electromagnetic Ground and Soil Structure Analysis (CDEGS). The analysis focus on the following characteristics: the distribution of ground potential rise (GPR), potential on the ground surface, touch voltage, step voltage, conductor current and electromagnetic field (EMF) on the ground surface. Finally, in order to assess the impact of the switching surge, lightning surge and ground fault characteristics on GIS. Analysis results of ATP and CDEGS are integrated, and are compared with the voltage that GIS equipment and personnel can withstand.
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Miller, Scott Nicholas. "An analysis of channel morphology at Walnut Gulch linking field research with GIS applications." 1995. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1995_320_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Bachmann, Beatrice Yvonne. "Extraction and Analysis of Baseline Data for Protected Area Management Using Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing and Ecological Niche Modeling Case Study: Armando Bermúdez National Park in the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B306-4.
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Martins, Margarida Quintela. "Geografia e saúde : estudar a prevenção da SIDA em Portugal através da Cartografia." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/119441.
Full textAbstract:
Normalmente associa-se a infecção VIH/SIDA a indivíduos que pertencem a grupos de risco, nomeadamente, toxicodependentes utilizadores de drogas injectáveis (UDI), homossexuais e a indivíduos que praticam prostituição. No entanto, ao longo dos anos tem-se verificado que esta é uma doença, que afecta principalmente comportamentos de risco e não grupos de risco. Assim é muito importante a tomada de consciência de que esta doença pode afectar qualquer indivíduo de qualquer idade. A Geografia e a representação cartográfica poderão dar um contributo substancial na investigação, uma vez que todos os fenómenos ocorrem num dado momento ou período, num determinado local. Assim, aliando os dados que se pretendem estudar a uma base cartográfica o que permite uma análise geográfica do território, é possível identificar padrões de concentração e / ou dispersão e analisá-los ao longo de diferentes períodos de tempo. O objectivo desta dissertação, é demonstrar que os SIG – Sistemas de Informação Geográfica podem ter um papel importante no conhecimento da expansão geográfica desta doença e proporcionar informação concreta para uma estratégia de prevenção mais eficaz da SIDA, em Portugal. Os dados cedidos, foram trabalhados neste ambiente, o que irá permitir a realização de análises, com representação espacial.<br>The AIDS disease it’s usually associated, to people belonging to risk groups, namely drug users, homosexuals and people who practice prostitution. However, as time goes by, it is becoming clear that this disease affects people with risk behaviors and not risk groups. So it is very important to consider that this disease may affect any individual at any age. The Geography and the cartography representation should give a considerable contribution as a support of research, since all phenomena occur at a given time period moment or in a particular location. Thus, joining the data to be studying at a base map that allows a geographical analysis of the territory, it is possible to identify patterns of concentration and / or dispersal and analyze them over different periods of time. The purpose of this research is to show that GIS - Geographic Information System could play an important role in the knowledge of the geographical expansion of this disease and provide concrete information for a more effective strategy for prevention of AIDS in Portugal. The data transferred, were worked in this environment that will allow spatial representation.