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Dziuk, Yasemin, Sachin Chhatwani, Stephan C. Möhlhenrich, Sabrina Tulka, Ella A. Naumova, and Gholamreza Danesh. "Fluoride release from two types of fluoride-containing orthodontic adhesives: Conventional versus resin-modified glass ionomer cements—An in vitro study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0247716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247716.
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Introduction Development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment is a common risk factor. Fixation of the orthodontic appliances with glass ionomer cements could reduce the prevalence of WSL’s due to their fluoride release capacities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences of fluoride release properties from resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs). Methods The resin-modified GICs Fuji ORTHO LC (GC Orthodontics), Meron Plus QM (VOCO), as well as the conventional GICs Fuji ORTHO (GC Orthodontics), Meron (VOCO) and Ketac Cem Easymix (3M ESPE) were tested in this study. The different types of GICs were applied to hydroxyapatite discs according to the manufacturer’s instructions and stored in a solution of TISAB III (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer III) and fluoride-free water at 37°C. Fluoride measurements were made after 5 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, 14 days, 28 days, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months. One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the overall comparison of the cumulative fluoride release (from measurement times of 5 minutes to 6 months) between the different materials with the overall level of significance set to 0.05. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for post hoc pairwise comparisons in the cumulative fluoride release between the different materials. Results The cumulative fluoride release (mean ± sd) in descending order was: Fuji ORTHO LC (221.7 ± 10.29 ppm), Fuji ORTHO (191.5 ± 15.03 ppm), Meron Plus QM (173.0 ± 5.89 ppm), Meron (161.3 ± 7.84 ppm) and Ketac Cem Easymix (154.6 ± 6.09 ppm) within 6 months. Analysis of variance detected a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release between at least two of the materials (rounded p-value < 0.001). Pairwise analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test showed a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release for all the comparisons except M and MPQM (p = 0.061) and KCE and M (p = 0.517). Conclusion Fluoride ions were released cumulatively over the entire test period for all products. When comparing the two products from the same company (Fuji ORTHO LC vs. Fuji ORTHO from GC Orthodontics Europe GmbH and Meron Plus QM vs. Meron from VOCO GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), it can be said that the resin-modified GICs have a higher release than conventional GICs. The highest individual fluoride release of all GICs was at 24 hours. A general statement, whether resin-modified or conventional GICs have a higher release of fluoride cannot be made.
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Fierascu, Radu Claudiu. "Incorporation of Nanomaterials in Glass Ionomer Cements—Recent Developments and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review." Nanomaterials 12, no. 21 (2022): 3827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213827.
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Glass ionomer cements (GICs), restorative materials with commercial availability spanning over five decades, are widely applied due to their advantages (including bio-compatibility, fluoride release, or excellent bonding properties). However, GICs have shortcomings. Among the disadvantages limiting the application of GICs, the poor mechanical properties are the most significant. In order to enhance the mechanical or antimicrobial properties of these materials, the addition of nanomaterials represents a viable approach. The present paper aims to review the literature on the application of different types of nanomaterials for the enhancement of GICs’ mechanical and antimicrobial properties, which could lead to several clinical benefits, including better physical properties and the prevention of tooth decay. After applying the described methodology, representative articles published in the time period 2011-present were selected and included in the final review, covering the modification of GICs with metallic nanoparticles (Cu, Ag), metallic and metalloid oxide nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO, MgO, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiO2), apatitic nanomaterials, and other nanomaterials or multi-component nanocomposites.
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Amin, Faiza, Sehrish Rahman, Zohaib Khurshid, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Farshid Sefat, and Naresh Kumar. "Effect of Nanostructures on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Dental Restoratives/Cements: A Comprehensive Narrative Review." Materials 14, no. 21 (2021): 6260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216260.
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Overall perspective of nanotechnology and reinforcement of dental biomaterials by nanoparticles has been reported in the literature. However, the literature regarding the reinforcement of dental biomaterials after incorporating various nanostructures is sparse. The present review addresses current developments of glass ionomer cements (GICs) after incorporating various metallic, polymeric, inorganic and carbon-based nanostructures. In addition, types, applications, and implications of various nanostructures incorporated in GICs are discussed. Most of the attempts by researchers are based on the laboratory-based studies; hence, it warrants long-term clinical trials to aid the development of suitable materials for the load bearing posterior dentition. Nevertheless, a few meaningful conclusions are drawn from this substantial piece of work; they are as follows: (1) most of the nanostructures are likely to enhance the mechanical strength of GICs; (2) certain nanostructures improve the antibacterial activity of GICs against the cariogenic bacteria; (3) clinical translation of these promising outcomes are completely missing, and (4) the nanostructured modified GICs could perform better than their conventional counterparts in the load bearing posterior dentition.
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Fang, Ze-Xuan, Wen-Jia Chen, Zheng Wu, et al. "Inflammatory response in gastrointestinal cancers: Overview of six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate in pathophysiology and clinical implications." World Journal of Clinical Oncology 15, no. 1 (2024): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v15.i1.9.
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Chronic inflammation is known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancers (GICs), the common solid tumors worldwide. Precancerous lesions, such as chronic atrophic inflammation and ulcers, are related to inflammatory responses in vivo and likely to occur in hyperplasia and tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets, the prognosis of patients with GICs is still unsatisfactory. Interestingly, it is found that six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate (STEAPs), a group of metal reductases, are significantly associated with the progression of malignancies, playing a crucial role in systemic metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory responses. The structure and functions of STEAPs suggest that they are closely related to intracellular oxidative stress, responding to inflammatory reactions. Under the imbalance status of abnormal oxidative stress, STEAP members are involved in cell transformation and the development of GICs by inhibiting or activating inflammatory process. This review focuses on STEAPs in GICs along with exploring their potential molecular regulatory mechanisms, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients suffering from these types of cancers.
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Saran, Runki, Nagraj P. Upadhya, Kishore Ginjupalli, Arul Amalan, Bharath Rao, and Saurabh Kumar. "Effect on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Conventional Glass Ionomer Luting Cements by Incorporation of All-Ceramic Additives: An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (September 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896225.
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Introduction. Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used for cementation of indirect restorations. However, one of their main drawbacks is their inferior mechanical properties. Aim. Compositional modification of conventional glass ionomer luting cements by incorporating two types of all-ceramic powders in varying concentrations and evaluation of their film thickness, setting time, and strength. Material & Methods. Experimental GICs were prepared by adding different concentrations of two all-ceramic powders (5%, 10, and 15% by weight) to the powder of the glass ionomer luting cements, and their setting time, film thickness, and compressive strength were determined. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis was done to evaluate the kinetics of the setting reaction of the samples. The average particle size of the all-ceramic and glass ionomer powders was determined with the help of a particle size analyzer. Results. A significant increase in strength was observed in experimental GICs containing 10% all-ceramic powders. The experimental GICs with 5% all-ceramic powders showed no improvement in strength, whereas those containing 15% all-ceramic powders exhibited a marked decrease in strength. Setting time of all experimental GICs progressively increased with increasing concentration of all-ceramic powders. Film thickness of all experimental GICs was much higher than the recommended value for clinical application. Conclusion. 10% concentration of the two all-ceramic powders can be regarded as the optimal concentration for enhancing the glass ionomer luting cements’ strength. There was a significant increase in the setting time at this concentration, but it was within the limit specified by ISO 9917–1:2007 specifications for powder/liquid acid-base dental cements. Reducing the particle size of the all-ceramic powders may help in decreasing the film thickness, which is an essential parameter for the clinical performance of any luting cement.
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Gjorgievska, Elizabeta, Gustaaf Van Tendeloo, John W. Nicholson, Nichola J. Coleman, Ian J. Slipper, and Samantha Booth. "The Incorporation of Nanoparticles into Conventional Glass-Ionomer Dental Restorative Cements." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, no. 2 (2015): 392–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615000057.
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AbstractConventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) are popular restorative materials, but their use is limited by their relatively low mechanical strength. This paper reports an attempt to improve these materials by incorporation of 10 wt% of three different types of nanoparticles, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium dioxide, into two commercial GICs (ChemFil® Rock and EQUIA™ Fil). The results indicate that the nanoparticles readily dispersed into the cement matrix by hand mixing and reduced the porosity of set cements by filling the empty spaces between the glass particles. Both cements showed no significant difference in compressive strength with added alumina, and ChemFil® Rock also showed no significant difference with zirconia. By contrast, ChemFil® Rock showed significantly higher compressive strength with added titania, and EQUIA™ Fil showed significantly higher compressive strength with both zirconia and titania. Fewer air voids were observed in all nanoparticle-containing cements and this, in turn, reduced the development of cracks within the matrix of the cements. These changes in microstructure provide a likely reason for the observed increases in compressive strength, and overall the addition of nanoparticles appears to be a promising strategy for improving the physical properties of GICs.
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Bayramov, G., N. Kerimli, G. Aliyeva, and G. Aliyev. "GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS USED IN DENTISTRY." Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science, no. 99 (December 26, 2022): 29–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7495027.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> Modern dentistry does not stand still, it is constantly developing. New filling materials are being created, but glass ionomer cements(GIC) do not lose their popularity. Among dentists, they are valued for their positive properties. GICs have high adhesion, low toxicity, good strength, and in addition, when they are used, a cariesostatic effect is observed [1]. Every year, interest in this type of materials only grows. They are used for filling both temporary and permanent teeth, for fixing crowns and other structures, for restoring defects, etc. [2; 3]. You can see a wide variety of GICs on the dental market, which allows dentist to solve many dental problems. Each doctor can find suitable material for his work, based on his preferences and the patient's financial capabilities [4]. Scientists do not stop in their attempts to improve the quality of GICs, so new varieties of glass ionomer cements are constantly appearing. <strong>Аннотация</strong> Современная стоматология не стоит на месте, она постоянно развивается. Создаются новые пломбировочные материалы, однако не теряют своей популярности и стеклоиономерные цементы(СИЦ). Среди стоматологов они ценятся за их некоторые положительные свойства. СИЦ обладают высокой адгезией, малой токсичностью, хорошей прочностью, а кроме того, при их применении наблюдается кариесостатический эффект [1]. С каждым годом интерес к данному виду материалов только растет. Они используются при пломбировании как временных, так и постоянных зубов, для фиксации коронок и других конструкций, для реставрации дефектов и т.д. [2; 3]. На стоматологическом рынке можно увидеть большое разнообразие СИЦ, что позволяет стоматологу решать множество стоматологических задач. Каждый врач может найти для себя подходящий материал, основываясь на своих предпочтениях и материальных возможностях пациента [4]. Ученые не останавливаются в своих попытках усовершенствовать качества СИЦ, поэтому постоянно появляются новые разновидности стеклоиономерных цементов.
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Panetta, Alessandro, Pedro Lopes, Tatiane Fernandes Novaes, Rute Rio, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes, and Anna Carolina Volpi Mello-Moura. "Evaluating Glass Ionomer Cement Longevity in the Primary and Permanent Teeth—An Umbrella Review." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 15, no. 2 (2024): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb15020048.
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The aim of this umbrella review was to evaluate the longevity of glass ionomer cement (GIC) as a restorative material for primary and permanent teeth. Research in the literature was conducted in three databases (MedLine/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). The inclusion criteria were: (1) to be a systematic review of clinical trials that (2) evaluated the clinical longevity of GICs as a restorative material in primary and/or permanent teeth; the exclusion criteria were: (1) not being a systematic review of clinical trials; (2) not evaluating longevity/clinical performance of GICs as a restorative material; and (3) studies of dental restorative materials in teeth with enamel alterations, root caries, and non-carious cervical lesions. Twenty-four eligible articles were identified, and 13 were included. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 6 years. Different types of GICs were evaluated in the included studies: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), compomers, and low- and high-viscosity glass ionomer cement. Some studies compared amalgam and composite resins to GICs regarding longevity/clinical performance. Analyzing the AMSTAR-2 results, none of the articles had positive criteria in all the evaluated requisites, and none of the articles had an a priori design. The criteria considered for the analysis of the risk of bias of the included studies were evaluated through the ROBIS tool, and the results of this analysis showed that seven studies had a low risk of bias; three studies had positive results in all criteria except for one criterion of unclear risk; and two studies showed a high risk of bias. GRADE tool was used to determine the quality of evidence; for the degree of recommendations, all studies were classified as Class II, meaning there was still conflicting evidence on the clinical performance/longevity of GICs and their recommendations compared to other materials. The level of evidence was classified as Level B, meaning that the data were obtained from less robust meta-analyses and single randomized clinical trials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first umbrella review approaching GIC in permanent teeth. GICs are a good choice in both dentitions, but primary dentition presents more evidence, especially regarding the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique. Within the limitation of this study, it is still questionable if GIC is a good restorative material in the medium/long term for permanent and primary dentition. Many of the included studies presented a high risk of bias and low quality. The techniques, type of GIC, type of cavity, and operator experience highly influence clinical performance. Thus, clinical decision-making should be based on the dental practitioner’s ability, each case analysis, and the patient’s wishes. More evidence is needed to determine which is the best material for definitive restorations in permanent and primary dentition.
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He, Xiaosheng, Shaohua Ma, Hong Xu, et al. "Development and clinical validation of a cell-free DNA methylation sequencing test for multi-cancer early detection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 43, no. 16_suppl (2025): 10537. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.10537.
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10537 Background: Achieving robust early-stage sensitivity in multi-cancer early detection (MCED) poses challenges, relying on large cohorts of early-stage samples and reliable prediction frameworks. Particularly for gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) with poor compliance of screening, early-stage sensitivity in MCED remains insufficient. Moreover, accurate tumor localization is crucial for choosing subsequent diagnostic procedures but remains suboptimal. We evaluate the performance of Genie-seq within the ProFuture study (NCT05874648), focusing on its capacity to detect five high-mortality cancers: lung, colorectal, liver, stomach, and esophageal cancers. Methods: The ProFuture study is a prospective multicenter case-control study that initially enrolled 3,515 participants. Following evaluations and a minimum of a half-year follow-up, 3,036 participants remained analyzable. Participants were divided into training (920 cancer; 629 non-cancer), validation (300 cancer; 215 non-cancer), and independent validation (605 cancer; 367 non-cancer) sets. Plasma cfDNA underwent a 1000X target enzymatic methyl sequencing assay (Genie-seq) targeting cancer-specific methylation patterns identified from 2,420 tumor and plasma samples. The assay normalizes abnormal fragment reads within blocks to minimize interference, using a maximization model to select sensitive and robust features. A gradient-boosted tree model was developed to integrate these features for cancer prediction, utilizing a one-vs-rest strategy to determine the tissue-of-origin (TOO). Results: Specificity remained consistently high across all phases: 99.0% (95% CI: 97.7-99.6%) in training, 99.1% (96.7-99.9%) in validation, and 99.2% (97.6-99.8%) in independent validation. Sensitivity was 68.6% (65.5-71.6%) in training, 71.0% (65.5-76.1%) in validation and 69.6% (65.8-73.2%) in independent validation. In independent validation set, stages I-III (account for 85.5% of cases) sensitivity reached 65.8% (61.5-69.9%) for all cancer types and 72.1% (66.9-76.9%) for three GICs. The TOO classifier assigned the origin in all screen-positive cases, achieving an accuracy of 87.4% (83.9-90.4%) in independent validation, including reducing misclassification from lung to esophageal cancer due to squamous similarity to 4.5%. Conclusions: This MCED test accurately identified signals from five tumor types especially in the early stages. Precise TOO localization minimizes the healthcare burden of subsequent diagnoses. The consistency of performance from training to clinical validation underscores the robustness of feature selection strategy, mitigating the risk of overfitting. Notably, this study demonstrated exceptional sensitive detection of early-stage GICs, indicating the potential efficacy of Genie-seq in MCED within the ongoing interventional Prosight study (NCT06790355). Clinical trial information: NCT05874648 .
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Juusola, Liisa, Ari Viljanen, Andrew P. Dimmock, Mirjam Kellinsalmi, Audrey Schillings, and James M. Weygand. "Drivers of rapid geomagnetic variations at high latitudes." Annales Geophysicae 41, no. 1 (2023): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-13-2023.
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Abstract. We have examined the most intense external (magnetospheric and ionospheric) and internal (induced) |dH/dt| (amplitude of the 10 s time derivative of the horizontal geomagnetic field) events observed by the high-latitude International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometers between 1994 and 2018. While the most intense external |dH/dt| events at adjacent stations typically occurred simultaneously, the most intense internal (and total) |dH/dt| events were more scattered in time, most likely due to the complexity of induction in the conducting ground. The most intense external |dH/dt| events occurred during geomagnetic storms, among which the Halloween storm in October 2003 featured prominently, and drove intense geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). Events in the prenoon local time sector were associated with sudden commencements (SCs) and pulsations, and the most intense |dH/dt| values were driven by abrupt changes in the eastward electrojet due to solar wind dynamic pressure increase or decrease. Events in the premidnight and dawn local time sectors were associated with substorm activity, and the most intense |dH/dt| values were driven by abrupt changes in the westward electrojet, such as weakening and poleward retreat (premidnight) or undulation (dawn). Despite being associated with various event types and occurring at different local time sectors, there were common features among the drivers of most intense external |dH/dt| values: preexisting intense ionospheric currents (SC events were an exception) that were abruptly modified by sudden changes in the magnetospheric magnetic field configuration. Our results contribute towards the ultimate goal of reliable forecasts of dH/dt and GICs.
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Mendes, Inês, and Nuno Vale. "Overcoming Microbiome-Acquired Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma." Biomedicines 12, no. 1 (2024): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010227.
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Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) are one of the most recurrent diseases in the world. Among all GICs, pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest and continues to disrupt people’s lives worldwide. The most frequent pancreatic cancer type is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), representing 90 to 95% of all pancreatic malignancies. PC is one of the cancers with the worst prognoses due to its non-specific symptoms that lead to a late diagnosis, but also due to the high resistance it develops to anticancer drugs. Gemcitabine is a standard treatment option for PDAC, however, resistance to this anticancer drug develops very fast. The microbiome was recently classified as a cancer hallmark and has emerged in several studies detailing how it promotes drug resistance. However, this area of study still has seen very little development, and more answers will help in developing personalized medicine. PC is one of the cancers with the highest mortality rates; therefore, it is crucial to explore how the microbiome may mold the response to reference drugs used in PDAC, such as gemcitabine. In this article, we provide a review of what has already been investigated regarding the impact that the microbiome has on the development of PDAC in terms of its effect on the gemcitabine pathway, which may influence the response to gemcitabine. Therapeutic advances in this type of GIC could bring innovative solutions and more effective therapeutic strategies for other types of GIC, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), due to its close relation with the microbiome.
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Endang Suprastiwi, Siti Mardewi Soerono Akbar, Narlan Sumawinata, and Ellyza Herda. "APPLICATION OF GLASS IONOMER CEMENT (GIC) FOR REPAIRING DENTAL PULP BY MEASURING EXPRESSION OF DENTIN MATRIX PROTEIN-1." Dentika: Dental Journal 17, no. 4 (2013): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v17i4.1777.
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Glass ionomer cement (GIC) has a potential to improve the pulp by inducing Dentin Matrix Protein-1 (DMP-1) release that can mineralize dentin. This study used three types of glass ionomer cements; Conventional GIC i.e. GC Fuji IX; resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) i.e. GC Fuji II LC and Nano particle of RMGIC i.e. Ketac™ N100 3MEspe. The three materials were applied to the tooth pulp of Macaca nemestrina. Expression of DMP-1 extract-dental pulp of the subjects was investigated by using ELISA. This study was statistically analyzed by using Mann-Whitney test. The result showed that GICs has a potential to induce the expression of DMP-1 and there was no significant differences among the three groups of GIC to induce DMP-1(p≥ 0,05). In conclucion, all tested materials have a potential in dental pulp repair by expressing DMP-1.
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Nager, Mireia, Deepshikha Bhardwaj, Carles Cantí, Loreta Medina, Pere Nogués та Judit Herreros. "β-Catenin Signalling in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Glioma-Initiating Cells". Chemotherapy Research and Practice 2012 (12 лютого 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/192362.
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a commonly occurring brain tumor with a poor prognosis. GBM can develop both “de novo” or evolve from a previous astrocytoma and is characterized by high proliferation and infiltration into the surrounding tissue. Following treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy), tumors often reappear. Glioma-initiating cells (GICs) have been identified in GBM and are thought to be responsible for tumors initiation, their continued growth, and recurrence. β-catenin, a component of the cell-cell adhesion complex and of the canonical Wnt pathway, regulates proliferation, adhesion, and migration in different cell types. β-catenin and components of the Wnt canonical pathway are commonly overexpressed in GBM. Here, we review previous work on the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in glioma initiation, proliferation, and invasion. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating GIC biology and glioma progression may help in identifying novel therapeutic targets for GBM treatment.
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Priyadarshini, Reddy, Yasangi M. Kumar, K. Shanthi Priya, Chunchuvyshnavi LNU, and Harika Yerrapragada. "Effect of Temperature on Film Thickness of Two Types of Commonly used Luting Cements." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 12 (2017): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2192.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of temperature change on film thickness of both types of cements. Materials and methods Totally, 60 samples were prepared with 10 in each subgroup, thus comprising 30 in each group. Materials tested were glass ionomer cement (GIC) type I and zinc phosphate type I. Samples were manipulated with manufacturer's instructions and tested according to American Dental Association (ADA) guidelines. Results The mean values of film thickness were recorded for both groups I and II. In intragroup comparison of group 1, subgroup III (26.560 ± 0.489 µm) was found to have the highest film thickness followed by subgroup II (24.182 ± 0.576 µm) and the lowest in subgroup I (20.209 ± 0.493 µm). In intragroup comparison of group II, the film thickness recorded in subgroup III (25.215 ± 0.661 µm) was the highest followed by subgroup II (21.471 ± 0.771 µm) and the least in subgroup I (17.951 ± 0.654 µm; p < 0.01). In intergroup comparison of groups I and II, group II (21.545 ± 0.841) was found to have less film thickness than group I (23.650 ± 0.271). The results were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion Both zinc phosphate and GICs can be used satisfactorily for luting purpose. The temperature fluctuations have a direct influence on the film thickness. Zinc phosphate has less film thickness than GIC. Clinical significance Zinc phosphate should be preferred over GIC in clinical practice, and more stress should be given in mechanical preparation of crowns for better retentive quality of prosthesis. How to cite this article Kumar MP, Priyadarshini R, Kumar YM, Priya KS, Chunchuvyshnavi, Yerrapragada H. Effect of Temperature on Film Thickness of Two Types of Commonly used Luting Cements. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1159-1163.
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Aljehani, Waleed, Najd Dahman, Sumaya Alrabghi, et al. "An Overview of Antibacterial Dental Restorative Materials." JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE SCIENCES 03, no. 02 (2023): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2023.30201.
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Antibacterial dental restorative materials (ADRM) have been developed to prevent or treat dental caries and other infections. Glass ionomer cements (GICs), composite resins, calcium hydroxide-based materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bioactive glasses, silver-containing materials, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), chlorhexidine, nanoparticles, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are common types of ADRMs. They have antibacterial properties due to the release of fluoride ions, QACs, silver nanoparticles, calcium and hydroxyl ions. ADRMs can prevent tooth decay, promote healing of pulp tissue and regenerate damaged tissues. Researchers are exploring new agents like nanoparticles and antimicrobial peptides to improve the antibacterial properties of ADRMs. PDT is a promising technology for improving the antibacterial properties of dental restorative materials. Antibacterial bioactive dental materials like bioactive glasses, calcium phosphate-based materials, hydroxyapatite-based materials, antibacterial peptides, and silver-containing materials have been developed to provide an additional layer of protection against infection and improve the longevity of dental restorations.
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Kellinsalmi, Mirjam, Ari Viljanen, Liisa Juusola, and Sebastian Käki. "The time derivative of the geomagnetic field has a short memory." Annales Geophysicae 40, no. 4 (2022): 545–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-545-2022.
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Abstract. Solar eruptions and other types of space weather effects can pose a hazard to the high voltage power grids via geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). In worst cases, they can even cause large-scale power outages. GICs are a complex phenomenon, closely related to the time derivative of the geomagnetic field. However, the behavior of the time derivative is chaotic and has proven to be tricky to predict. In our study, we look at the dynamics of the geomagnetic field during active space weather. We try to characterize the magnetic field behavior, to better understand the drivers behind strong GIC events. We use geomagnetic data from the IMAGE (International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effect) magnetometer network between 1996 and 2018. The measured geomagnetic field is primarily produced by currents in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, and secondarily by currents in the conducting ground. We use the separated magnetic field in our analysis. The separation of the field means that the measured magnetic field is computationally divided into external and internal parts corresponding to the ionospheric and telluric origin, respectively. We study the yearly directional distributions of the baseline subtracted, separated horizontal geomagnetic field, ΔH, and its time derivative, dΔH/dt. The yearly distributions do not have a clear solar cycle dependency. The internal field distributions are more scattered than the external field. There are also clear, station-specific differences in the distributions related to sharp conductivity contrasts between continental and ocean regions or to inland conductivity anomalies. One of our main findings is that the direction of dΔH/dt has a very short “reset time“, around 2 min, but ΔH does not have this kind of behavior. These results hold true even with less active space weather conditions. We conclude that this result gives insight into the time scale of ionospheric current systems, which are the primary driver behind the time derivative's behavior. It also emphasizes a very short persistence of dΔH/dt compared to ΔH, and highlights the challenges in forecasting dΔH/dt (and GIC).
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Luis, Arantón-Areosa, María Rumbo-Prieto José, and Palomar-Llatas Federico. "Valoración, diferenciación, prevención y tratamiento de las cicatrices patológicas." Enfermería Dermatológica 12, no. 35 (2018): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2542566.
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<strong>Resumen: </strong>El proceso de cicatrización es un proceso dinámico complejo, en el que un conjunto de mecanismos fisiológicos sincronizados e interdependientes son activados para la reconstrucción y reparación de los tejidos lesionados. Ocurre en ocasiones que esos procesos se desarrollan de forma anormal dando lugar a la aparición de cicatrices patológicas, que si bien no suponen ningún riesgo vital, si pueden ser causa frecuente de malestar e incomodidad, tanto en el aspecto físico (prurito, dolor, tirantez), como en el aspecto psicológico. Este trabajo realiza una descripción de los tipos de cicatrización patológica y de las propuestas para su identificación, valoración, prevención y tratamiento. <em>ASSESSMENT, DIFFERENTIATION, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL SCARS</em> <strong>Abstract:</strong> The healing process is a complex dynamic process, in which a set of synchronized and interdependent physiological mechanisms are activated for the reconstruction and repair of injured tissues. Occasionally, these processes develop abnormally, giving rise to the appearance of pathological scars which, although they do not pose any vital risk, can be a frequent cause of discomfort and discomfort, both in the physical aspect (itching, pain, and tightness) and in the psychological aspect. This work describes the types of pathological scarring and the proposals for their identification, assessment, prevention and treatment.
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Abou Hammoud, Aya, Julie Giraud, Xavier Gauthereau, et al. "The “StemDif Sensor Test”: A Straightforward, Non-Invasive Assay to Characterize the Secreted Stemness and/or Differentiation Activities of Tumor-Derived Cancer Cell Lines." Biomedicines 11, no. 12 (2023): 3293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123293.
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Cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of tumor cells characterized by their ability to self-renew, induce tumors upon engraftment in animals and exhibit strong resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These cells exhibit numerous characteristics in common with embryonic stem cells, expressing some of their markers, typically absent in non-pathological adult differentiated cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of conditioned media from cancer stem cells to modulate the fate of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)-dependent murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a way to obtain a direct readout of the secretome of cancer cells. A functional assay, “the StemDif sensor test”, was developed with two types of cancer stem cells derived from grade IV glioblastoma (adult and pediatric) or from gastric adenocarcinoma. We show that conditioned media from the selection of adult but not pediatric Glioma-Inducing Cells (GICs) maintain mESCs’ pluripotency in correlation with LIF secretion and activation of STAT3 protein. In contrast, conditioned media from gastric adenocarcinoma cells display LIF-independent stemness and differentiation activities on mESC. Our test stands out for its user-friendly procedures, affordability and straightforward output, positioning it as a pioneering tool for in-depth exploration of cancer stem cell secretome characteristics.
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Lassak, Adam J., Monika Rak, Melody C. Baddoo, Hui-Yi Lin, and Krzysztof Reiss. "Abstract 3170: Human retroviral sequences transcription in glioma/glioblastoma sample." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 3170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3170.
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Abstract In glioblastoma patients, expansion of glioma initiating cells (GICs), a discrete population of cells demonstrating stem-like phenotype, is often associated with drug resistance development and ultimately cancer recurrence. Therefore a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the origin of GICs is critical to develop new therapies better targeting glioblastoma. Human endogenous retroviral sequences (HERVs), present in approximately 500,000 copies and comprising nearly 8% of the human genome, may serve as an abundant genetic material equipping GIC with phenotypic plasticity needed to develop stem-like phenotype. Recent epigenomic and transcriptomic data show HERV activation during early human development. Moreover, increased HERV transcription is observed in OCT4/SOX2/KLF4/c-MYC induced pluripotent cells. Finally, activation of HERV loci transcription is also commonly observed in different tumor types. Using publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA-GBM) RNA-seq data collection, we have quantified transcripts for all 13,208 HERV loci annotated in the RepBase database. To improve the accuracy of quantifying the HERV transcriptomic landscape, we reassigned already mapped fragments to the most probable transcript using the Telescope software. Our comprehensive approach allowed us to identify the set of HERV loci uniquely dysregulated in the glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissue. In addition, we compared 540 low-grade glial tumors from TCGA-LGG project (classified as grade II and III gliomas) with 165 glioblastoma samples from TCGA-GBM (classified as grade IV gliomas) using the same bioinformatics pipeline. Comprehensive analysis of transcript levels allowed us to identify HERV assemblage differentially expressed between these two patient cohorts. The correlation between HERV and ORF transcript levels show strong coregulation of HERVs expression with genes involved in establishing/maintaining embryonic/neural/glial stem cells phenotype. To confirm our observations we have up- or downregulated HERV loci combining guide RNA array targeting robustly approximately 90% of HERV LTR5Hs elements with a vector expressing CRISPR-based transcriptional activator or repressor. Downregulation of HERV transcription with this system was associated with the inhibition of clonogenic growth in cell culture. In summary, this study sets the stage for identifying HERV loci that could serve as potential GIC biomarkers, as well as the molecular targets for GIC elimination. Citation Format: Adam J. Lassak, Monika Rak, Melody C. Baddoo, Hui-Yi Lin, Krzysztof Reiss. Human retroviral sequences transcription in glioma/glioblastoma sample [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3170.
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Albeshti, Rawan. "The Most Promising Alternative to Mercury-containing Dental Restorations." Libyan Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 2 (2025): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.37376/ljd.v8i2.7157.
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The European Union Environmental Commission report and the United Nation Minamata Convention have legislated for phasing-out of mercury-containing dental materials use (dental amalgams) by 2030.1, 2 Several Scandinavian countries have already banned the use of dental amalgams, and this ban is expected to grow to other countries worldwide.2, 3 This creates a market gap for materials which can be used as an alternative to dental amalgams.4 Varieties of mercury-free dental materials have been clinically approved as posterior restorations; such as (1) resin-based composite materials, and (2) glass-based materials, including glass ionomers and glass hybrids. Using these types of dental materials will decrease the mercury’s risks on human’s health and also contribute significantly in the reduction of the environmental mercury pollution.5, 6 Recently, several clinical approaches to treat dental caries lesions have shifted the focus to preserving tooth structure and use of adhesive materials. Considering this, Minimally Intervention Dentistry (MID) has become a crucial concept which includes three aspects to fulfil the requirement of preventive and restorative dentistry; these are early caries diagnosis, enhance remineralisation and minimal cutting of tooth surfaces.7, 8 This approach is identified as an Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). The ART technique was adopted in 1994 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as an alternative technique for dental caries management in the developed countries either for treating deciduous and/or permanent dentitions.9 The high viscous glass ionomer cement (GIC) is approved as an ideal candidate material to be used with ART technique; such as GC Fuji IX®, KetacTM Molar and Glass Carbomer®.10, 11 One of the main advances in dental materials field is based on the modifications of the GIC chemical compositions, by introducing a bioactive glass in different particle sizes (for promoting remineralising ability) and/or using a highly molecular weight of poly- acrylic acid (for enhancing matrix strength).12 When bioactive glass-containing dental materials come into contact with body fluid, will undergo to a sequence of bioactivity reactions; which is summarised into (1) ion exchange, (2) dissolution and (3) precipitation stages, leading to formation of apatite crystals in fractions identical to those of the natural bone and tooth components.13 Formation of apatite crystals [hydroxyapatite-Ca10(PO4)6OH2 or fluorapatite-Ca10(PO4)6F2] in the bioactive glass-containing GICs occurs via delivering of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (PO43), hydroxyl (OH-) and/or fluoride (F-) species at the interfaces between the GIC/tooth surfaces and/or the GIC/oral environment.14 For this reason, the bioactive glass-containing GICs are considered as the most promising alternative restorative materials for posterior cavities.
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Alenzi, Abdulrahman, Abdulaziz Samran, Ahlam Samran, et al. "Restoration Strategies of Endodontically Treated Teeth among Dental Practitioners in Saudi Arabia. A Nationwide Pilot Survey." Dentistry Journal 6, no. 3 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj6030044.
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The purpose of this study was to determine dental practitioners’ opinions, techniques, and materials used for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) in Saudi Arabia. A comprehensive nationwide survey regarding treatment strategies of ETT, on the post types and material used for core foundations were distributed either by email or by hard copies to general dentists in different parts of Saudi Arabia (North, South, West, East, and Center). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses to the questions. A total of 164 participants were included in the survey: 72.6% of them were male, and 27.4% were female. 42.1% of the participants were Saudi dental practitioners, whereas 57.9% were non-Saudi dental practitioners. Out of the surveyed dentists, 52% consider post placement for almost every post-endodontic restoration of ETT. The majority of the dentists (54%) believe that a post strengthens ETT. Cast posts and cores were used by 55% of all the dentists, whereas 34% used prefabricated posts exclusively. Screw posts were the most popular prefabricated post type (47%). Composite resin (51%) was preferred for the core foundation, followed by glass ionomer cements (GICs) (26%). Amalgam was seldom used (0.5%). Posts were placed primarily with zinc phosphate cement (51%), followed by GIC (38%). Within the limitations of this survey-based investigation among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia, it was concluded that the treatment strategies of ETT are in accordance with the current state of evidence-based knowledge.
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González, De La Torre María Fernanda, and Montiel Alicia Esmeralda Islas. "Receptor SLAMF7 asociado a cáncer." Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP 4, no. 16 (2019): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5091329.
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<strong>RESUMEN</strong> Los receptores de la familia de moléculas de señalización de activación linfocítica (SLAM) son glicoproteínas de superficie de membrana presentes en células inmunológicas humanas. SLAMF tiene una expresión fisiológica en células T donde interviene en la diferenciación celular. En ciertas condiciones patológicas, como algunos tipos de cáncer hematológico, se ha observado que en células NK su sobre expresión estimula nuevos arreglos del citoesqueleto de células tumorales y su adhesión a macrófagos para promover la fagocitosis por medio de la familia de adaptadores de intracelulares asociados a SLAM (SAP), para así bloquear los mecanismos de evasión inmunológica de las células tumorales y evitar la proliferación celular o metástasis. Se indagó en el desarrollo de la investigación biomédica sobre SLAMF7 durante este siglo en la base de datos PubMed y de la investigación clínica en el registro de ensayos clínicos ClinicalTrials.gov y de los fármacos disponibles en Orange Book. <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Receptors of the family of lymphocytic activation signaling molecules (SLAM) are membrane surface glycoproteins present in human immunological cells. SLAMF has a physiological expression in T cells where it intervenes in cell differentiation. Under certain pathological conditions, such as some types of hematological cáncer, it has been observed that in NK cells their overexpression stimulates new arrangements of the cytoskeleton of tumor cells and their adherence to macrophages to promote phagocytosis through the family of intracellular adapters associated with SLAM (SAP), in order to block the mechanisms of immunological evasión of tumor cells and prevent cell proliferation or metástasis. The development of biomedical research on SLAMF7 during this century was investigated in the PubMed database and clinical research in the registry of clinical triáis ClinicalTrials.gov and of the drugs available in Orange Book.
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Gisela, Sario, and Pautassi Eduardo. "Estudio de secuencias de talla lítica a través de modelos experimentales en rocas silíceas del centro de Argentina." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 15 (October 31, 2012): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1310966.
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La evidencia arqueológica dejada por los grupos humanos que habitaron el centro de Argentina (provincias de Córdoba y San Luis), desde las primeras ocupaciones hasta momentos previos a la conquista española, pone de manifiesto que estas poblaciones desarrollaron diversas estrategias y adaptaciones a lo largo del tiempo. Una de estas estrategias es la producción de artefactos líticos. En este trabajo, se aborda el estudio de las secuencias de reducción de <em>clastos</em> y de manufactura de bifaces experimentales aplicando la metodología de análisis «no tipológico» para el estudio de los desechos de talla. Estas experiencias fueron realizadas como resultado del análisis de la tecnología lítica de sitios arqueológicos ubicados en la localidad arqueológica de Estancia La Suiza, San Luis. La finalidad de este trabajo es comparar ciertos atributos de las lascas producto de la experimentación para diferenciar tipos de actividades de talla. Realizar esta propuesta nos permite presentar en otra oportunidad la comparación con el registro arqueológico, e intentar dilucidar cómo fueron los diferentes momentos en el proceso de talla. ENGLISH: Study of lithic carving sequences through experimental models in siliceous rocks of central Argentina. The archaeological evidence left by the humans who occupied the center of Argentina (comprising the present territory of the provinces of Cordoba and San Luis, Argentina), from the earliest settlements until the moments before the Spanish conquest, shows that these populations developed different strategies and adaptations to the environment over time. One such strategy is the production of lithic artifacts. This contribution specifically addresses the study of the sequence of cores and reducing manufacturing <em>bifaces</em> by applying the methodology of the “non-typological” analysis to the study of debitage. These experiments were conducted as a result of the analysis of the lithic technology of archaeological sites located in the archaeological locality of Estancia La Suiza, in San Luis province. The purpose of this paper is to compare the flake debris produced by these experiments to better differentiate types of carving. These results are compared with the archaeological record, in order to better explain how past human groups made their tools, and what comprised the various stages in the process of reduction.
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Jadir, Pérpetuo dos Santos, Elinária de Oliveira Leandro Maria, de Melo Almeida Sena Mayra, and Kanashiro Dias Priscila. "TALENT RETENTION FACTORS: STRATEGIC COMPENSATION FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS/WORKERS." Revistaft 27, no. 121 (2023): 73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7859573.
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Diante da crescente valorização das pessoas no trabalho, investir em programas motivacionais se tornou uma necessidade das empresas contemporâneas que visam desenvolver um diferencial estratégico por meio das pessoas que delas fazem parte. A remuneração estratégica tem se destacado nesse contexto como uma forma de atrair e reter talentos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal compreender a percepção dos estudantes universitários/ trabalhadores de uma instituição pública sobre a importância da remuneração estratégica. Para isso, foi conduzida uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa com um grupo de 75 estudantes universitários/ trabalhadores de uma instituição pública, aplicando-se um questionário a fim de identificar os graus de satisfação deles quanto aos tipos de remuneração e sua importância tanto para as organizações quanto para seus funcionários. Utilizou-se um esquema de categorização de dados através de escalonamento de combinação binária. Os resultados revelaram a satisfação dos respondentes no que diz respeito à remuneração estratégica como forma de motivação e retenção de talentos. Observou-se que os respondentes tendem a se sentir mais satisfeitos, motivados e comprometidos com a organização quando há flexibilidade e incentivos de crescimento profissional. Assim, concluiu-se que para que as empresas contemporâneas se tornem mais competitivas, e com uma maior integração dos colaboradores, é oportuno adotar um sistema de remuneração estratégica.
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Requena, Ixora, Roberto Rihuana, Iván Amaya, Ytalia Blanco, Rodolfo Devera, and José Nastasi. "Manifestaciones dermatológicas en niños parasitados por Blastocystis spp., comunidad Canaguapana, municipio Sucre, estado Bolívar, Venezuela." SABER 31 (April 22, 2019): 158–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5502279.
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<strong>RESUMEN</strong> Este estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar las manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes parasitados por <em>Blastocystis </em>spp. en edad pediátrica pertenecientes a la Comunidad Canaguapana, municipio Sucre, estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Las muestras fecales fueron analizadas mediante las técnicas de examen directo, Kato cualitativo, sedimentación espontánea y coloración de Kinyoun. Se estudiaron dos grupos: 48 niños monoparasitados por <em>Blastocystis</em> spp<strong>.</strong>, y 68 infantes sin parasitosis intestinales, con y sin manifestaciones dermatológicas; éstas se diagnosticaron mediante interrogatorio, inspección directa y con lámpara de Woods. La urticaria fue la única manifestación dermatológica identificada, la cual fue de tres tipos: palmar, plantar y generalizada. En el grupo de los parasitados por <em>Blastocystis </em>spp. se evidenció que 39,6% de los niños presentó urticaria generalizada como única manifestación dermatológica (<em>p</em> < 0,005); y en los casos sin parasitosis sólo 17,6% (<em>p</em> > 0,005). En conclusión, se demostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de <em>Blastocystis </em>spp. y el tipo de manifestación dermatológica observada. <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> This study aimed to determine the dermatological manifestations in parasitized patients by <em>Blastocystis</em> spp. in pediatric age belonging to the Canaguapana community, Sucre municipality, Bolívar State, Venezuela. Fecal samples were analyzed by direct examination, qualitative Kato, spontaneous sedimentation and Kinyoun staining techniques. Two groups were studied: 48 children with blastocistosis, and 68 without intestinal parasitosis. Urticaria was the only dermatological manifestation identified, and was observed in three types: palmar, plantar and generalized. The blastocistosis group showed that 39.6% children presented some kind of dermatological manifestation; and in the cases without parasites only 17.6% presented them. The observed demonstrations were of three types: urticaria palmar / plantar and widespread. 86.4% of patients presented generalized urticaria were parasitized by <em>Blastocystis</em> spp., while 13.6% did not have any type of parasitic diseases. In conclusion, a statistically significant association was observed between the presence of <em>Blastocystis</em> spp. and the type of observed dermatological manifestation.
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Koski, Christian, Pyry Kettunen, Justus Poutanen, and Juha Oksanen. "Mapping small watercourses with deep learning – impact of training watercourse types separately." AGILE: GIScience Series 3 (June 11, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-43-2022.
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Abstract. Deep learning methods for semantic segmentation have shown great potential in automating mapping of geospatial features, including small watercourses such as streams and ditches. There are a variety of small watercourse types. In many use cases users are only interested in specific types of watercourses. However, the impact on results from neural networks trained with only some types of small watercourses, compared to all types of watercourses is not well known. We trained four deep learning models to semantically segment watercourses from an elevation model. One model was trained with all small watercourses in the labels as a single class, while three models were trained each with a single type of watercourse in the label data. The results show that training the network with a single type of watercourse results in worse recall for all three watercourse types, compared to when training all of them together. This indicates that if the goal is to get as complete set of features as possible, it is better to include all watercourse types in the training data. Future studies could use multi-class output from neural network to determine how well networks could automatically classify features when training with all small watercourses in an area.
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Muñoz-Morales, Julieta Mariana, Yolanda Elizabeth Morales-García, Claudia Beatriz Laug-García, Ximena Gordillo-Ibarra, and Jesús Mauricio Muñoz-Morales. "La energía y su importancia en los sistemas biológicos." Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP 9, no. 33 (2024): 62–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10934309.
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RESUMEN La energía desempeña una función primordial en todos los aspectos de la vida, desde el nivel molecular hasta el ecosistémico. En este manuscrito, se revisan algunos tipos de energía presentes en la naturaleza y cómo influyen en la actividad de los sistemas biológicos. Se discute la importancia de la energía en la síntesis de moléculas biológicas, el mantenimiento del equilibrio homeostático y la regulación de procesos celulares. Además, se explora cómo diferentes formas de energía, como la luz, el calor y la energía química, son captadas y utilizadas por los organismos para llevar a cabo sus funciones vitales. La portada de este número de Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP 9(33) es una representación artística de las formas que tiene la energía y su relación con los sistemas biológicos. ABSTRACT Energy plays a fundamental role in all aspects of life, from the molecular to the ecosystem level. This manuscript reviews some types of energy present in nature and how they influence the activity of biological systems. It discusses the importance of energy in the synthesis of biological molecules, the maintenance of homeostatic balance, and the regulation of cellular processes. Additionally, it explores how different forms of energy, such as light, heat, and chemical energy, are captured and used by organisms to carry out their vital functions. The cover of this issue of Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP 9(33) is an artistic representation of the various forms of energy and their relationship with biological systems.
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Mor, Matan, Johannes Oehrlein, Jan-Henrik Haunert, and Sagi Dalyot. "Whom to Follow? A Comparison of Walking Routes Computed Based on Social Media Photos from Different Types of Contributors." AGILE: GIScience Series 1 (July 15, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-1-16-2020.
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Abstract. Since many tourists share the photos they take on social media channels, large collections of tourist attraction photos are easily accessible online. Recent research has dealt with identifying popular places from these photos, as well as computing city tourism routes based on these photo collections. Although current approaches show great potential, many tourism attractions suffer from being overrun by tourists, not least because many tourists are aware of only a few tourism hot spots that are trending. In the worst case, automatic city route recommendations based on social media photos will intensify this issue and disappoint tourists who seek individual experiences. In the best case, however, if individual preferences are appropriately incorporated into the route planning algorithm, more personalized route recommendations will be achieved. In this paper, we suggest distinguishing two different types of photo contributors, namely: first-time visitors who are usually tourists who "follow the crowd" (e.g., to visit the top tourist attractions), and repeated visitors who are usually locals who "don’t follow the crowd" (e.g., to visit photogenic yet less well-known places). This categorization allows the user to decide how to trade the one objective off against the other. We present a novel method based on a classification of photographers into locals and tourists, and show how to incorporate this information into an algorithmic routing framework based on the Orienteering Problem approach. In detailed experiments we analyze how choosing the parameter that models the trade-off between both objectives influences the optimal route found by the algorithm, designed to serve the user’s travel objective and preferences in terms of visited attraction types.
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Filgueira, Bello R., Fernández D. Viejo, and Lema L. Crespo. "Abordaje de un hematoma encapsulado a través de la técnica Roviralta." Enfermería Dermatológica 16, no. 45 (2022): 43–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6582506.
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Los hematomas subcutáneos son heridas agudas secundarias a un traumatismo que precisan un correcto abordaje porque pueden contener importante volumen y originar dolor, inflamación, fiebre y/o riesgo de infección por necrosis de zonas adyacentes. El propósito de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento existente sobre la Técnica Roviralta, que consiste en la irrigación diaria e inmediata con heparina de bajo peso molecular sobre las lesiones para lograr la dilución temprana de los coágulos. Para ello, se exponen dos casos de hematomas superficiales encapsulados a los que se les aplica esta técnica para el manejo avanzado y eficiente del lecho de la herida. El potencial de actuación que posee la Técnica Roviralta precisa estudios con mayor rigor metodológico que profundicen en los tiempos de cicatrización y/o que apliquen la técnica en otro tipo de heridas hemorrágicas: laceraciones, avulsiones o flictenas hemorrágicas. <em><strong>[Approach to an encapsulated hematoma using the Roviralta technique]</strong></em> Subcutaneous hematomas are acute wounds secondary to trauma that require a correct approach because they can contain significant volume and cause pain, inflammation, fever and/or risk of infection due to necrosis of adjacent areas. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the existing knowledge about the Roviralta Technique, which consists of daily and immediate irrigation with low molecular weight heparin over the lesions to achieve early dilution of the clots. For this purpose, two cases of encapsulated superficial hematomas to which this technique is applied for the advanced and efficient management of the wound bed are presented. The performance potential of the Roviralta Technique requires studies with greater methodological rigor that delve into the healing times and/or that apply the technique to other types of hemorrhagic wounds: lacerations, avulsions or hemorrhagic phlyctenas.
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Moon, Yonghee, Sangeun Lee, Myoungsoo Kim, and Jongrak Baek. "Analyzing Types of Urban Areas at High Risk to Landslide Hazard Based on the GIS Approach." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 16, no. 3 (2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2016.16.3.47.
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Bernal, Patricia. "Microorganismos de interés para la agricultura del futuro: agentes de biocontrol y fijadores de nitrógeno." Alianzas y Tendencias BUAP 6, no. 21 (2021): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5104407.
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<strong>RESUMEN</strong> La agricultura extensiva, necesaria para cubrir las necesidades nutricionales de los miles de millones de habitantes del planeta, ha requerido de diversos métodos para asegurar la producción a la vez que para evitar pérdidas millonarias. Entre estos métodos, el uso de compuestos químicos como los pesticidas y los fertilizantes nitrogenados ha permitido el abastecimiento de frutas, hortalizas, legumbres y cereales tanto para los animales de granja como para los seres humanos durante las últimas décadas. Por un lado, los pesticidas químicos han sido fundamentales para evitar las grandes pérdidas derivadas de las inevitables plagas que atacan a los cultivos, mientras que los fertilizantes nitrogenados han permitido aumentar enormemente la producción de los mismos, al proveer a los cultivos de su principal limitante para el crecimiento, el nitrógeno en su forma asimilable. Aunque es indudable que estas dos herramientas han sido claves para mantener la agricultura extensiva, ambas tienen graves efectos secundarios para el medio ambiente como la contaminación del subsuelo o la pérdida del microbioma natural tanto del suelo como de la planta. Por esta razón, en los últimos años, se vienen priorizando diferentes iniciativas destinadas a promover una agricultura más sostenible con el medio ambiente, donde la producción no sea el único factor a tener en cuenta y se cuide igualmente la salud de nuestro planeta. En este contexto, el control biológico de las enfermedades producidas por patógenos de plantas (fitopatógenos) y la fijación biológica de nitrógeno (rizobios) se consideran alternativas excelentes a los pesticidas químicos y los fertilizantes nitrogenados para proteger nuestros cultivos y aumentar su producción, respectivamente. En este artículo, se describen casos de interés tanto de control biológico a través del uso del sistema de secreción de tipo VI en <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> como de fijación biológica de nitrógeno (sistema de secreción tipo III en rizobios) y se discutirán las posibles direcciones que pueden tomar las nuevas investigaciones en este campo desde el punto de vista de la biotecnología agraria. <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Extensive agriculture necessary to meet the nutritional needs of billions of inhabitants of the planet has required various methods to ensure production as well as to avoid millionaire damages. Among these methods, the use of chemical compounds such as pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers has allowed the supply of fruits, vegetables, legumes and cereals for both farm animals and human beings during the last decades. On one hand, chemical pesticides have been fundamental to avoid the great losses derived from crop pests. On the other hand, nitrogen fertilizers have allowed to greatly increase agriculture production by providing crops with their main limitation for growth, assimilable nitrogen. Although it is clear that these approaches have been key to maintaining extensive agriculture, both have serious secondary effects on the environment including contamination of the soil and the impairment of natural microbiome. For this reason, in recent years, different initiatives have been prioritized to promote sustainable agriculture to preserve our planet. In this context, the biological control of diseases caused by plant pathogens (phytopathogens) and the biological nitrogen fixation are considered excellent alternatives to chemical pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers to protect our crops and increase their production, respectively. In this article, both, the biological control carried out by <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> using the type VI secretion system and the biological nitrogen fixation performed by rhizobia employing the type III secretion system, are described from the point of view of the agricultural biotechnology.
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Rahmani, Bahirullah. "GIS and Remote Sensing in Water Resource Engineering." Kardan Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (2021): 42–61. https://doi.org/10.31841/KJET.2022.19.
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Water is one of the most important natural resources for preserving ecosystems and human life. Unequal spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, as well as pollution, put increasing pressures on water resources and disaster management, which is partly attributed to our lack of knowledge about water resource distribution and poor management of their use. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide the best tools for water resources, watershed modelling, drought and flood risk management, while Remote Sensing (RS) provides vital data for water resources mapping, hydrological flux measurement, watershed modelling, and modelling. It provides drought and flood monitoring. The role of GIS in watershed models and water resource decision support systems, as well as the role of GIS in the production, management, and delivery of spatially distributed data, are discussed. Understanding and managing water resource issues require understanding the complex processes and interactions that occur at the surface and subsurface of the basin. The application of Maximum Daily Load Limits (TMDL) to pollution inflows into a basin has led to significant demand for new assessment technologies. As the need for and development of watershed modelling capabilities has increased, GIS and remote sensing technologies have played an important role in helping to collect and analyze data. It is expected that the deployment of these technologies will reduce significant pressures on water resources and enable better mitigation and response to drought and flood disasters.
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Sun, Junzi, Huy Vû, Xavier Olive, and Jacco Hoekstra. "Mode S Transponder Comm-B Capabilities in Current Operational Aircraft." Proceedings 59, no. 1 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020059004.
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Mode S surveillance allows air traffic controllers to interrogate certain information from aircraft, such as airspeeds, turn parameters, target altitudes, and meteorological conditions. However, not all aircraft have enabled the same capabilities. Before performing any specific interrogation, the surveillance radar must acquire the transponder capabilities of an aircraft. This is obtained via the common usage Ground-initiated Comm-B (GICB) capabilities report (BDS 1,7). With this report, third-party researchers can further improve the identification accuracy of different Mode S Comm-B message types, as well as study the compliance of surveillance standards. Thanks to the OpenSky network’s large-scale global coverage, a full picture of current Mode S capabilities over the world can be constructed. In this paper, using the OpenSky Impala data interface, we first sample over one month of raw BDS 1,7 messages from around the world. Around 40 million messages are obtained. We then decode and analyze the GICB capability messages. The resulting data contain Comm-B capabilities for all aircraft available to OpenSky during this month. The analyses in this paper focus on exploring statistics of GICB capabilities among all aircraft and within each aircraft type. The resulting GICB capability database is shared as an open dataset.
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Kouakou, Brou Julien, Tièba Victor Ouattara, Koffi Christophe Kobenan, et al. "A Comparative Study of the Technological Characteristics of Cotton Fibers from Two Types of Gins in Côte d’Ivoire." American Journal of Plant Sciences 16, no. 01 (2025): 11–21. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2025.161002.
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Arias-García, Jonatan. "Propuesta metodológica para la identificación, caracterización y cualificación de los paisajes: la cuenca endorreica de Padul (Andalucía) como caso de estudio." Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles 80, no. 2604 (2019): 1–43. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2604.
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Se presenta una propuesta metodológica que permita identificar, caracterizar y cualificar los paisajes en las cuencas hidrográficas de tipo endorreico y sus humedales asociados. La metodología, que considera la posibilidad de implementar el Convenio Europeo del Paisaje, consta de dos etapas: identificación y caracterización; y valoración y propuestas. La primera etapa consiste en la delimitación de unidades de paisaje y su clasificación en Tipos y Áreas de acuerdo con la metodología LCA (Landscape Character Assessment); caracterización e integración multiescalar. La segunda etapa tiene como objetivo establecer una valoración y significación de estos paisajes a partir de su cualificación y establecimiento de objetivos de calidad paisajística. El método propuesto ha permitido establecer una perspectiva transversal del análisis paisajístico al desarrollar: un ejercicio descriptivo-analítico de los fundamentos naturales del paisaje, procesos histórico-socioeconómicos y escénico-visuales; un ejercicio de diagnóstico atendiendo a la transformación de las bases naturales del paisaje (geosistemas o unidades ecogeográficas originales); y un ejercicio propositivo que contempla la valoración del paisaje y sus posibilidades de actuación.
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Cui, Nan, Nick Malleson, Vikki Houlden, and Alexis Comber. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of topics in urban green space." AGILE: GIScience Series 4 (June 6, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-22-2023.
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Abstract. Urban residents’ daily lives have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in various aspects such as social, leisure, and physical activities. Fortunately, urban green spaces (UGSs) have become a main outdoor destination, due to the policies encouraging people to visit UGS and keeping them open. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on topics discussed on social media by UGS visitors over space and time. Data was collected from geo-referenced Tweets across London in spring 2019, 2020, and 2021. Structural Topic Modelling (STM) was used to identify UGS topics and describe the dynamics of topic proportions. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method was used to explore spatial distributions of all topics. The study identified seven main types of UGS topics over all study periods, with topics such as Lockdown and exercise and Social and friends showing a decreasing trend in topic proportions, indicating that visitors' outdoor activities were restricted. The study not only identifies the main types of topics in UGS during the COVID-19 pandemic period but also reflects people’s attitudes and perceptions towards restriction measures, which can provide guidance for future urban policies, especially during crises.
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Xiao, Tianyuan, Tinghua Ai, Dirk Burghardt, and Pengcheng Liu. "Map Generalization Method Supported by Graph Convolutional Networks." AGILE: GIScience Series 6 (June 9, 2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-6-13-2025.
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Abstract. Map generalization has always been a key research issue in cartography. With the continuous development of the information age, massive amounts of map data are being generated, and how to effectively achieve multi-scale representation of large-volume vector data of various types has become a pressing challenge. Traditional methods of map generalization, which rely heavily on human-specified rules and set thresholds, tend to be complex and inefficient. Furthermore, they are often significantly influenced by the subjective factors of cartographers. To address these challenges, this study introduces graph-based deep learning techniques into the field of map generalization. Tailored generalization strategies were designed for point features, polyline features, and polygon features, enabling this data-driven approach to facilitate map generalization tasks from different perspectives. A comprehensive map generalization framework was developed for various feature types by integrating domain knowledge with data-driven techniques. This framework includes the construction of graph structures for different geographic objects, the extraction of feature vectors, and the design of deep learning network models. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method delivers good visual performance while preserving the various characteristics of the original map during the generalization process.
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Kleiner, Caspar, Denis Reiter, and Mathias Jehling. "What densities? Using urban density metrics to reflect meaning in policy and planning action." AGILE: GIScience Series 6 (June 9, 2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-6-31-2025.
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Abstract. Urban density has been a pivotal concept in political discourses to address the global challenge of sustainable and equitable urban development in the past decades. Consequently, policy and planning strategies have focussed on creating denser neighbourhoods. However, empirical knowledge on the effects of such policies on produced urban form and densities created remains vague, leading to limitations of evaluating them in accordance to their sustainability goals. Therefore, this contribution introduces a regional cross-border settlement model that allows to analyse effects of land policy in urban form comparatively between France and Germany. As many policies promote urban density, we take the case of a specific French land policy, the loi SRU, that aims at generating more social housing and dense urban environments. Based on the developed settlement model, containing information on building type and block age, we test and select different density metrics to assess the evolution of urban form. We compare the share of building types as well as density across national context, building types and development ages to describe the effects of the policy. The results highlight the general applicability of the settlement model, as we could show and interpret the share of multi-family housing being elevated in the French part, while it decreases in the German part. Further, selected density metrics show that new construction in France maintains density, while in Germany density is decreasing. Further research is required to enhance the settlement model through considering location and infill development to enhance the analytical capabilities.
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Zaynutdinov, D. R. "The Solidaristic Doctrine on Law and the State in the Works of the Legal Scholar G.K. Gins." Lex Russica 77, no. 7 (2024): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2024.212.7.109-123.
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The paper examines the life path of Georgiy K. Gins (1887–1971) and the formation of his political and legal ideas, which complemented the general solidaristic doctrine on law and the state. The study of the scientist’s solidarity views was conducted based on his writings on various problems of law, politics and economics. The work also traces the activities of G. K. Gins in the state authorities of the Russian Empire, in the Provisional Government and anti-Bolshevik state formations. The work shows how the crisis of power of the Provisional Government, and later the collapse of the anti-Bolshevik regimes during the Civil War forced G. K. Gins to reconsider his views on liberal democracy and abandon it in favor of solidarity.The study made it possible to trace the formation of state-legal views of G. K. Gins before he adopted the ideology of solidarity. The paper presents the types of state participation in the national economy formulated by the scientist, the concept of coordination law. It is important to note that his understanding of administrative law is in many ways similar to the modern «service concept» developing within this industry. The solidaristic doctrine of law and the state, which was developed by G. K. Gins, is an undoubted asset of Russian political and legal thought.
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André, Luis Dos Santos Carvalho, Gabriel Braga Da Silva Barros João, and João Vitor Boechat Orientador:. "PROPOSTA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO PLANEJAMENTO E CONTROLE DA MANUTENÇÃO NA EMPRESA EKO TIRE." Revistaft 28, no. 133 (2024): 18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11068818.
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O artigo realça a crescente importância do planejamento e controle de manutenção na indústria, especialmente devido à evolução tecnológica e à competitividade do mercado. Destacando-se que a eficiência desse controle é crucial para evitar paradas indesejadas na produção e garantir a saúde financeira das empresas. O processo de planejamento e controle da manutenção industrial se inicia através de atuações estruturadas das equipes. Com fluxos definidos para cada célula de manutenção, com objetivo de manter o equipamento apto a produzir pelo maior tempo possível e apenas pará-lo em um momento que cause menor impacto a produção. A complexidade das atividades de cada empresa determina o tipo de controle de manutenção necessário. Por fim, propõe-se a implantação das funções do PCM em uma empresa de fabricação de pneus Off The Road (OTR) afim de evoluir os processos de manutenção das máquinas.
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DR., P. G. KHOT, and SRIVAS SANJAY. "INTRODUCTION OF SPATIAL DATABASE SPATIAL DATA TYPES, SPATIAL INDEXING, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS GIS & QUERY STRUCTURE." JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ICACTM (May 4, 2018): 137–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1410205.
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This paper covers the overview of Spatial Database System which offers Spatial Data Structure along with the Spatial Datatypes. It is most commonly used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other applications. Many applications operate on spatial data which include lines, points, regions and polygons etc. Spatial data are large in size and complex in structure and relationship hence spatial indexes are required to retrieve the desired result-set from the large dataset in optimum timeframe https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150676
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Wenclik, Laura, and Guillaume Touya. "Where do people look at during multi-scale map tasks?" AGILE: GIScience Series 4 (June 6, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-51-2023.
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Abstract. In order to design better pan-scalar maps, i.e. interactive, zoomable, multi-scale maps, we need to understand how they are perceived, understood, processed, manipulated by the users. This paper reports an experiment that uses an eye-tracker to analyse the gaze behaviour of users zooming and panning into a pan-scalar map. The gaze data from the experiment shows how people look at landmarks to locate the new map view after a zoom. We also identified different types of behaviours during a zoom when people stare at the mouse cursor, or during a pan where the gaze follows a landmark while the map translates.
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Lemenkova, Polina. "Modelling Landscape Changes and Detecting Land Cover Types by Means of Remote Sensing Data and ILWIS GIS." Bulletin of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University 1, no. 2 (2015): 265–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2309529.
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Abstract. The emphasis of this article is placed on the technical application of the remote sensing tools and methods for studies of vegetation coverage in northern ecosystems. The study area is located in Yamal peninsula, the Russian Federation. Landsat imagery covering study area in 1988, 2001 and 2011 has been analyzed using ILWIS GIS. The image processing was performed using semi-automated method of image interpretation. The remote sensing data classification from ILWIS menu enabled to map vegetation coverage over research area, which helped to identify land cover types and distribution in Yamal. Results show that Landsat TM imagery with 30 m mesh spacing is useful for landscape mapping and the interpretation of the vegetation cover types.
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Owuor, Innocensia, and Hartwig H. Hochmair. "Use of SafeGraph visitation patterns for the identification of essential services during COVID-19." AGILE: GIScience Series 4 (June 6, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-36-2023.
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Abstract. Mobility was severely impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, curfews, and closed locations, such as businesses, schools, administrative offices, and other points of interest (POIs). This study uses SafeGraph visitation data to identify which POI categories experienced a significant drop in visitation counts and distance travelled from home between March/April 2019 (pre-pandemic) and March/April 2020 (during the pandemic) in Florida and California. The analysis identified a small set of POI categories for which visitation counts and travel distance did not change significantly. They can be characterized as essential services which are needed for a community’s everyday operations. This study provides insight into the effect of COVID-19 on people’s travel behavior to different types of trip destinations during the pandemic.
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Diaz-Coronado, Rosdali, Eddy Hernández-Broncano, Sandro Casavilca-Zambrano, et al. "LINC-21. PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND SURVIVAL OF LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS – A MULTICENTER STUDY IN PERU." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (2022): i167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.620.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children. Peru is an index country for the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC). As part of the Initiative, a multidisciplinary brain tumor team was formed in 2020 that includes five national reference centers: National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, National Children’s Health Institute-San Borja, National Children’s Health Institute-Breña, Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital and Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital. This multicenter study sought to evaluate the survival and prognostic factors of patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with LGG, an index cancer for the GICC. METHODS: A retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with LGG in the five centers between 2014 and 2018. We analyzed clinical characteristics, histology, and treatment modalities. We used the Kaplan-Meier method for survival. RESULTS: 194 patients were registered; 136 patients were included. M/F ratio was 1.2, mean age 7 years old. The most frequent location was infratentorial (42.2%), supratentorial (34.9%), optic/chiasm/sellar (11%) and brainstem (11.9%). The most frequent histological types were pilocytic astrocytoma (61%), diffuse astrocytoma (10.3%), oligodendroglioma (5.2%), and other low-grade neoplasms (23.5%). Surgery was performed in 109 patients (83.2%). Chemotherapy alone was used in 17 (12.5%), while radiotherapy in 20 (14.7%). Overall survival at 5 years was 82.9% (95% CI 73.3 - 89.4). Age younger than 3 years (p=0.002), diffuse histological type (p=0.04), and location in the brainstem (p=0.001) were factors associated with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Within the framework of the GICC, this work is one of the first steps to understand the current context of pediatric CNS tumor care in Peru. Although the reported survival rate is about the GICC goal of 60%, further improvements in care are needed to increase survival to level closer to high-resource setting and decrease long term morbidity.
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Mai, Gengchen, Krzysztof Janowicz, Rui Zhu, Ling Cai, and Ni Lao. "Geographic Question Answering: Challenges, Uniqueness, Classification, and Future Directions." AGILE: GIScience Series 2 (June 4, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-2-8-2021.
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Abstract. As an important part of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Question Answering (QA) aims at generating answers to questions phrased in natural language. While there has been substantial progress in open-domain question answering, QA systems are still struggling to answer questions which involve geographic entities or concepts and that require spatial operations. In this paper, we discuss the problem of geographic question answering (GeoQA). We first investigate the reasons why geographic questions are difficult to answer by analyzing challenges of geographic questions. We discuss the uniqueness of geographic questions compared to general QA. Then we review existing work on GeoQA and classify them by the types of questions they can address. Based on this survey, we provide a generic classification framework for geographic questions. Finally, we conclude our work by pointing out unique future research directions for GeoQA.
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Šarapatka, B., M. Bednář, and P. Novák. "Analysis of soil degradation in the Czech Republic: GIS approach." Soil and Water Research 5, No. 3 (2010): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/487-swr.
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In our work, we have evaluated the available data on the individual types of soil damage, which has been processed in the Czech Republic in recent decades. The individual types of degradation (water erosion, wind erosion, soil compaction, extreme soils (clay soils), loss of organic matter, acidification, dryness impact, and intoxication) were classified in one of three groups: physical degradation, desertification and chemical degradation. Each type of degradation was assigned a specific weight reflecting the importance of this kind of soil degradation. The maps of individual areas of degradation were processed by overlay and assigning weighting techniques in ArcView Spatial Analyst GIS environment to create the final maps for each class of the degradation threat. The same technique was used to create the final map showing the most troubled areas in the Czech Republic, threatened by soil damage.
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Carbe, Christian J., Lan Cheng, Sankar Addya, et al. "Gi proteins mediate activation of the canonical hedgehog pathway in the myocardium." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 1 (2014): H66—H72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00166.2014.
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During myocardial ischemia, upregulation of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway promotes neovascularization and increases cardiomyocyte survival. The canonical Hh pathway activates a transcriptional program through the Gli family of transcription factors by derepression of the seven-transmembrane protein smoothened (Smo). The mechanisms linking Smo to Gli are complex and, in some cell types, involve coupling of Smo to Gi proteins. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the transcriptional response of cardiomyocytes to sonic hedgehog (Shh) and the role of Gi protein utilization. Our results show that Shh strongly activates Gli1 expression by quantitative PCR in a Smo-dependent manner in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Microarray analysis of gene expression changes elicited by Shh and sensitive to a Smo inhibitor identified a small subset of 37 cardiomyocyte-specific genes regulated by Shh, including some in the PKA and purinergic signaling pathways. In addition, neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes infected with an adenovirus encoding GiCT, a peptide that impairs receptor-Gi protein coupling, showed reduced activation of Hh targets. In vitro data were confirmed in transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-inducible GiCT expression. Transgenic GiCT mice showed specific reduction of Gli1 expression in the heart under basal conditions and failed to upregulate the Hh pathway upon ischemia and reperfusion injury, unlike their littermate controls. This study characterizes, for the first time, the transcriptional response of cardiomyocytes to Shh and establishes a critical role for Smo coupling to Gi in Hh signaling in the normal and ischemic myocardium.
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Ren, Qilin, Pengxiang Zhao, and Ali Mansourian. "Modeling the choice of shared micro-mobility services using XGBoost machine learning algorithm." AGILE: GIScience Series 4 (June 6, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-39-2023.
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Abstract. In recent years, shared micro-mobility services (e.g., bikes, e-bikes, and e-scooters) have been popularized at a rapid pace worldwide, which provide more choices for people’s short and medium-distance travel. Accurately modeling the choice of these shared micro-mobility services is important for their regulation and management. However, little attention has been paid to modeling their choice, especially with machine learning. In this paper, we explore the potential of the XGBoost model to model the three types of shared micro-mobility services, including docked bike, docked e-bike, and dockless e-scooter, in Zurich, Switzerland. The model achieves an accuracy of 72.6%. Moreover, the permutation feature importance is implemented to interpret the model prediction. It is found that trip duration, trip distance, and difference in elevation present higher feature importance in the prediction. The findings are beneficial for urban planners and operators to further improve the shared micro-mobility services toward sustainable urban mobility.
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Ying, Qi, Christopher Hilton, Armand Kapaj, and Sara Irina Fabrikant. "The development of landmark, route, and survey knowledge through repeated mobile map-assisted navigation episodes." AGILE: GIScience Series 6 (June 9, 2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-6-50-2025.
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Abstract. The process by which navigators develop a cognitive map of an unfamiliar environment with increasing exposure has been extensively studied. How this process unfolds during mobile map-assisted navigation remains an open research question. We thus conducted an outdoor pedestrian navigation study (N = 45) in a residential neighborhood initially unknown to participants. Participants were asked to navigate a predefined route using a mobile map three times across three separate days within a week. Following each navigation session, participants were tested on their evolving spatial knowledge of the traversed environment. We find that participants acquired meaningful landmark, route, and survey knowledge on their first environmental exposure and that all three types of spatial knowledge increased in later sessions. We also discovered that landmark direction information developed faster than distance information in participants’ cognitive maps. These highly ecologically valid results contribute to a better understanding of the role of increased environmental exposure on the continuous and parallel development of spatial knowledge during map-assisted navigation.