Academic literature on the topic 'Types of grains'

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoFlabesCastroCoelho-dissertacao.pdf: 577158 bytes, checksum: 34e906008a6989100ef88399396c1b90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-09<br>The new technologies tend to affect in different ways the agricultural explorations, the farmers and the areas where those activities grow. In this context, the objective of this research was to describe and to identify the profile of the hybrid of larger acceptability developed by the companies sowings that act at the market of the south of Minas Gerais. To present research it was based in the analysis of the primary data collected the companies sowings that act cooperatives close to close to, companies correlate and producing of corn of the area of the south of Minas Gerais. These companies were: Dekalb (São Paulo); Agromen Sementes (São Paulo); Syngenta Seeds (São Paulo); Seeds Dow Agro Sciences Ltda (São Paulo); Pioneer (Rio Grande do Sul); Biomatrix (Minas Gerais); Agroceres (São Paulo); Agroeste (São Paulo); Saint Helena Sementes S.A. (Minas Gerais). Para the accomplishment of the referred research, they were used bibliographical research, researches in specialized sites, random sample, rising of data, questionnaire and field research with the qualitative method. It was ended that the profile of the hybrid more I accept, developed by the companies sowings would be: the precocious double hybrid with couple aptitude, grains semi hard of color it yellows, with plant of medium load tends high resistance to the lodging, preferably positioned in normal time and with possibility to answer satisfactorily to a high investment in the culture.<br>O desenvolvimento da agricultura tem se caracterizado pelo surgimento, em intervalos distintos de tempo, de tecnologias que alteram profundamente a situação de equilíbrio previamente alcançada. As novas tecnologias tendem a afetar de formas diferentes as explorações agrícolas, os agricultores e as regiões onde essas atividades se desenvolvem. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever e identificar o perfil do híbrido de maior aceitabilidade desenvolvido pelas empresas sementeiras que atuam no mercado do sul de Minas Gerais. A presente pesquisa fundamentou-se na análise dos dados primários coletados junto às empresas sementeiras que atuam junto a cooperativas, empresas correlatas e produtores de milho da região do sul de Minas Gerais. Estas empresas foram: Dekalb (São Paulo); Agromen Sementes (São Paulo); Syngenta Seeds (São Paulo); Sementes Dow Agro Sciences Ltda (São Paulo); Pioneer (Rio Grande do Sul); Biomatrix (Minas Gerais); Agroceres (São Paulo); Agroeste (São Paulo); Santa Helena Sementes S.A. (Minas Gerais). Para a realização da referida pesquisa, foram utilizados pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisas em sites especializados, amostra aleatória, levantamento de dados, questionário e pesquisa de campo com o método qualitativo. Concluiu-se que o perfil do híbrido mais aceito, desenvolvido pelas empresas sementeiras seria: o híbrido duplo precoce com aptidão grão, semi duro, com planta de porte baixo tendo alta resistência ao acamamento, de preferência posicionado em época normal e com possibilidade de responder satisfatoriamente a um alto investimento na cultura.

Changes in ethanol processing have resulted in a reduction of oil in the final coproduct, DDGS, available as a feedstuff. Lowering the oil concentration can decrease the total energy in the diet and, therefore, could affect the animal?s performance. Therefore, we designed two studies where the objectives were to evaluate the influence of grain type and oil concentration of DDGS on finishing cattle performance, feeding behavior, carcass quality, and site of digestion. Our results indicated that steers fed the barley based diet were more efficient as they had a higher gain to feed ratio. Additionally, there were no effects of oil concentration of DDGS on finishing cattle performance or carcass quality. Finally, there were some differences in site of digestion between barley and corn diets however of DM, OM, CP, and starch however, no differences were found when comparing low versus moderate oil concentration DDGS.

1) entre 1 et 10 kev, l'absorptivite x de la poussiere interstellaire vaut environ 100 fois celle du gaz non condense. Les doses x astrophysiques accumulees par la poussiere sont alors de l'ordre de 10 gj/kg (pepinieres stellaires) a 10#5 gj/kg (agn). Les effets photochimiques des rayons x (e> 6 kev, 1-10 gj/kg, sous argon) sont ici evalues ex-situ par spectrometrie ftir par transmission (2. 5 125 um) sur les materiaux solides d'interet astrophysique : 4 pahs, un organometallique (ferrocene), 2 charbons bruts et demineralises de rangs differents, graphite, sic, sio#2, et olivine cristalline. L'evolution de la cristallinite, la deshydrogenation, l'aliphatisation, la formation de radicaux, la post-oxydation, la destruction des molecules, et le possible role catalytique des mineraux sont discutes. Une irradiation x menee sous h#2 relativise ces resultats et initialise une nouvelle classe d'experiences prometteuses. Les implications et questions astrophysiques les plus immediates soulevees par ces resultats sont evoquees. 2) l'observatoire spatial xmm embarquera en 1999 3 telescopes a rayons x de surface collectrice exceptionnelle permettant la spectroscopie x fine du ciel. Pour contre-expertise, la forme et le superpoli d'un des 58 miroirs de xmm sont ici precisement determines par 2 methodes de deflexion (pinceau x et ltp) et par mesures de diffusion x (e=8 kev). Ces donnees intrinseques au miroir (psd) permettent de modeliser sa fonction d'etalement de point (fep) pour differents angles d'incidence et energies. Les performances de la fep sont evaluees (fwhm, hew, et hew-2d). Les resultats critiques sont discutes (deformations hors specification, diffusion en bord de champ). Ils menerent au choix de la qualite de poli et a une revision du process de fabrication des miroirs. Finalement, les difficultes experimentales rencontrees lors des mesures angulaires de diffusion x sont attentivement analysees et traitees.

The balance of improving hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Thell) yield while maintaining grain protein concentration continues to be a challenge in agriculture. The objective of the field research was to evaluate N fertilizer types, additives, rates, and application timing to find N management strategies that improved the efficiency of the applied N with regards to both grain protein and yield. Another aspect of this study was to determine if ground-based active sensor data can predict grain yield and/or protein content. Fertilizer treatments consisted of 2 application timings, 3 sources of N, 3 rates of N, and 2 additive types. Spring applications improved grain protein and yield compared to fall applications. Polymer coated urea shows promise in improving grain protein over urea alone. However, profitability is dependent on environmental factors that may influence N availability, as well as prices at the time that the grain is marketed.<br>Minnesota Wheat and Promotion Council

Doctor en Ingeniería de Minas<br>La simulación geoestadística se usa ampliamente en ingeniería de minas para cuantificar la incertidumbre geológica, al producir múltiples realizaciones alternativas de la distribución de los recursos in situ y/o reservas mineras en el subsuelo. Sin embargo, el modelamiento geoestadístico de propiedades de diferentes naturalezas, como las leyes de metales medidas en escalas cuantitativas continuas y los tipos de roca medidos en una escala categórica o nominal, sigue siendo un proceso engorroso y complejo. Tradicionalmente, se recurre a un enfoque jerárquico, donde se modela primero la extensión espacial de los tipos de roca, luego las leyes de metales dentro de cada tipo de roca por separado. Este enfoque tiende a producir discontinuidades en la distribución de las leyes al cruzar la frontera entre tipos de roca, lo que podría no ser deseable. Una alternativa para evitar tales discontinuidades es simular conjuntamente las leyes y los tipos de roca, enfoque que ha sido propuesto en años recientes, principalmente en un marco estacionario donde se supone que las distribuciones de leyes y de tipos de roca son invariantes al desplazarse en el espacio. El modelamiento conjunto de leyes de metal y tipos de roca se torna más difícil cuando se busca reproducir tendencias espaciales y zonaciones en los tipos de roca, una característica que se encuentra comúnmente en la práctica y pone en duda el supuesto de estacionaridad para los tipos de roca. En este contexto, la tesis tiene como objetivo desarrollar propuestas metodológicas y prácticas para simular conjuntamente una ley de metal y un tipo de roca, al representar la primera por un campo aleatorio Gaussiano estacionario y el segundo por un campo aleatorio intrínseco de orden k con incrementos generalizados Gaussianos. Las propuestas conciernen la inferencia de los parámetros del modelo y la construcción de realizaciones condicionadas a datos existentes. Por un lado, la principal dificultad en la inferencia radica en la identificación de la estructura de correlación espacial (covarianzas generalizadas directas y cruzada), para lo cual se diseña un algoritmo semi-automático basado en un ajuste de mínimos cuadrados de las covarianzas de indicadores de roca y covarianzas cruzadas de leyes e indicadores. Se define además varios modelos bivariables de covarianza para facilitar la elección de estructuras básicas en el modelamiento de las covarianzas generalizadas. Por otro lado, la simulación conjunta se basa en un algoritmo espectral para construir realizaciones no condicionales, y en un algoritmo iterativo y una variante de cokriging para condicionar las realizaciones a datos de leyes y tipos de roca. Los modelos y algoritmos propuestos son aplicados a dos yacimientos cupríferos (Lince-Estefanía y Río Blanco-Los Bronces) para simular conjuntamente las leyes de cobre y la extensión de tipos de roca. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la capacidad de los modelos de reproducir las transiciones graduales de leyes al cambiar de tipo de roca, así como la zonación espacial de los tipos de roca en la región de estudio.

Depuis la restriction de l'utilisation du plomb dans l'électronique, les alliages de brasure de type SnPb ont été remplacés majoritairement par des alliages de type SnAgCu (SAC). Des travaux précédents ont révélé un phénomène de vieillissement de ces alliages, caractérisé par une forte variation des propriétés mécaniques et se stabilisant après plusieurs années à température ambiante. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'influence du vieillissement thermique sur l'endommagement des assemblages électroniques utilisant l'alliage SAC305 sous chargements mécaniques.L'étude s'est d'abord concentrée sur le comportement mécanique du SAC305, puis sur l'endommagement des joints brasés.L'impact du vieillissement sur le comportement mécanique a été évalué à l'échelle massive ainsi qu'à l'échelle d'un joint brasé. L'évolution de la dureté et du comportement mécanique cyclique à température ambiante a été reliée à un phénomène de grossissement de grain. Des essais de compression sur billes en SAC305, représentatives de la structure réelle, ont montré les mêmes évolutions. Deux modèles de comportement viscoplastique ont été développés à l'échelle d'un joint brasé pour l'alliage dans l'état initial et dans l'état vieilli. Des simulations numériques réalisées à l'aide de ces modèles, ont permis de valider cette approche.L'influence du vieillissement sur l'endommagement des joints brasés en SAC305 a été évaluée à l'aide d'essais de torsion cycliques sur cartes assemblées. Les résultats montrent que le vieillissement induit une diminution du nombre de cycles à la défaillance en fatigue oligocyclique, élément très important pour la gestion du risque dans les équipements électroniques

L'enveloppe d'une etoile est particulierement importante a sa naissance, son origine etant proto-stellaire, et aux phases finales de son evolution ou la matiere ejectee par la matiere forme un cocon entourant l'etoile. La description de ces enveloppes circumstellaires depend donc de sa constitution et du rayonnement emis par l'objet stellaire central. On precise les criteres observationnels d'un objet en formation en fonction de sa masse; et pour les objets evolues, on decrit un modele de vent stellaire tenant compte des grains de poussieres et de la pression de radiation

Whole sorghum kernels were directly processed into whole grain snacks with acceptable texture. Extrudates made from whole sorghum had a harder gritty texture than those made from decorticated materials. Extrusion of whole sorghum provides significant savings in processing: there are no dry matter losses; no equipment or energy is required for decortication or milling; the extruder consumes less power and processes more material per time unit. In addition, the extruder utilized is a simple adiabiatic, friction extruder of relatively low cost. Grinding whole sorghum and removing fines did not improve product expansion during extrusion but altered the gritty pieces in the extrudates. The best products were obtained when whole sorghum (ground or un-ground) was extruded at 14% moisture. The whole sorghum extrudates had larger bubbles with thick cell walls, which made extrudates more crunchy. Decortication of sorghum improved extrusion performance and products by allowing adequate formation and retention of air cells. Decortication to remove 20% of the original sorghum weight was enough to produce extrudates with characteristics comparable to those made from commercial yellow corn meal. Sorghum milled fractions with composition and particle size distribution similar to corn meal produced extrudates with higher expansion, lower bulk density and similar texture. In addition, sorghum extrudates were rated equal to corn meal extrudates by a taste panel for appearance, flavor, texture and overall characteristics. Extrudates made from polished rice were less expanded and whiter than extrudates made from sorghum. When processed under similar conditions, sorghum extrusion required more energy than corn meal extrusion. However, whole sorghum extrusion required less energy than corn meal extrusion. Unground sorghum samples (decorticated or non-decorticated) produced harder extrudates compared to those made from ground raw material. White sorghum is a feasible option for snack extrusion because of its versatility, product characteristics, cost and processing properties.

Three plant growth regulators (two for growth enhancement, one for growth inhibition) were applied to several consecutive cuttings of alfalfa during the period of May-August in the Blythe, CA, area. All treatments resulted in reduced tonnage compared to the untreated check, although application of prohexadione calcium (active ingredient in the growth inhibition plant growth regulator) did result in increase in alfalfa quality when applied in May. Subsequent applications during the summer of this material did not result in a quality class increase for alfalfa hay production. Treatments of growth enhancement chemistries did result in less tonnage, however, data indicate that this reduction may be due to nutritional needs of alfalfa not being supplied during periods of increased growth. Supplemental nutrition along with the growth enhancement chemistries has not been tested to determine resulting alfalfa yields.