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Journal articles on the topic 'Types of irony'
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1
Lazăr, Simina. "FORMS OF IRONY IN MIHAI EMINESCU'S AND MARIN SORESCU'S POETRY." Messages, Sages and Ages 9, no. 1 (2022): 37–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033785.
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In literature, irony is considered one of the main features which gives a sense of authenticity and its origins enables it to be associated with a certain amount of intellectuality and a highly educated spirit. There are two main types of irony which are to be found in literature, romantic irony and postmodern irony and these forms lay at the very core of Mihai Eminescu’s and Marin Sorescu’s works, respectively. It is the same device that unites the writings of the two authors, but their characteristics are completely different, the romantic irony is the essence of Eminescu’s poems and the postmodern irony is the fundamental device in Sorescu’s poetry. In the present paper, we have tackled on notions of self-irony, ironist and ironic attitude, key words which can be found in relation to both types of irony. The approach is based on a dichotomic perspective from which we have analyzed the romantic and the postmodern irony, trying to highlight their main features by analyzing the work of the two poets.
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Petrova, Olga Gennadyevna. "Types of Irony in Fiction: Conceptual and Contextual Irony." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philology. Journalism 11, no. 3 (2011): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115-2011-11-3-25-30.
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Ramazonova, Farangiz Mukhiddin qizi, and Y. Y. Arustamyan. "CLASSIFICATION OF IRONY AND FEATURES OF EACH TYPE." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 1, no. 2 (2021): 577–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4887830.
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<em>This article deals with analyses and the notion of irony, classification of types of irony from the point of view of different Russian researchers. In a wider sense irony is a literary technique, rhetorical device, or event in which what appears on the facial to be the case or to be awaited contradicts totally the reality. Irony can occur in both tragic and humorous situations.</em>
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Hirsch, Galia. "Explicitations and other types of shifts in the translation of irony and humor." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 23, no. 2 (2011): 178–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.23.2.03hir.
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The goal of this article is to examine the differences in the use of explicitation strategies when translating irony and humor, based on a comparative model that distinguishes between cues for the two phenomena. The study suggests that translations of irony manifest more explicitations, whereas translations of humor yield more non-explicitating shifts. This finding can be interpreted as indicating that while the explicitation of humor may override its function altogether, the explicitation of irony does not necessarily do so, since the implied criticism is not eliminated. This finding further strengthens the claim that irony is inherently critical, whereas humor is not.
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Priydarshi, Ashok Kumar. "Jane Austen’s Comic Vision and Her Use of Irony." Journal of Advanced Research in English and Education 05, no. 03 (2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.202012.
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Irony in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what on the surface appears to be the case or to be expected differs radically from what is actually the case. In other words, the basic feature of irony is a contrast between reality and appearance. It can be categorized into different types, including verbal irony, dramatic irony and situational irony. These types of ironies are often used for emphasis in the assertion of a truth. Jane Austen uses all these ironies in her novels to show the comic vision of her life. She has used it as a neutral discoverer and explorer of incongruities.
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Cameron, E. Leslie, Lea Hedman, Nora Didkowsky, Sombat Tapanya, and C. Ann Cameron. "“IF EVERYONE COPIES ME, THAILAND WILL BE SO MUCH BETTER OFF”: THE POWER OF VERBAL IRONY IN YOUTH CONVERSATION." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 4, no. 2 (2013): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs42201312207.
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<p>This paper explores the types of verbal irony employed by resilient youth in spontaneous conversation and examines how they use this irony to navigate potentially challenging psychosocial terrain. We documented and analyzed instances of irony in the spontaneous speech of adolescent participants in an international, ecological study of resilience using quasi-naturalistic and participatory visual methods. We found irony to be co-constructively utilized by the youths we studied. They spontaneously used many types of irony to mute criticism and avoid embarrassment. These resilient youth, who were thriving under adverse circumstances, used irony in a positive way to facilitate affiliation with their friends and family.</p>
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G'ofurova, Sarvarakhon, and Dilorom Sobirjonova. "FUNCTIONS OF LEXICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES: IRONY." SYNAPSES: INSIGHTS ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES 1, no. 4 (2024): 244–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14253752.
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<em>This article delves into the functions of irony as a significant lexical stylistic device in literature, communication, and culture. Irony’s strength lies in its ability to create contrasts between literal and intended meanings, fostering cognitive engagement, emotional resonance, and societal critique. The article categorizes irony into verbal, situational, and dramatic types, analyzing their unique roles. Practical examples from literary texts, films, and everyday communication illustrate its diverse applications. The conclusion underscores irony’s timeless relevance in addressing the complexities of human existence.</em>
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Shirahatti, Abhinandan, Vijay Rajpurohit, and Sanjeev Sannakki. "Fine grained irony classification through transfer learning approach." Computer Science and Information Technologies 4, no. 1 (2023): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v4i1.p43-49.
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Nowadays irony appears to be pervasive in all social media discussion forums and chats, offering further obstacles to sentiment analysis efforts. The aim of the present research work is to detect irony and its types in English tweets We employed a new system for irony detection in English tweets, and we propose a distilled bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (DistilBERT)light transformer model based on the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) architecture, this is further strengthened by the use and design of bidirectional long-short term memory (Bi-LSTM) network this configuration minimizes data preprocessing tasks proposed model tests on a SemEval-2018 task 3, 3,834 samples were provided. Experiment results show the proposed system has achieved a precision of 81% for not irony class and 66% for irony class, recall of 77% for not irony and 72% for irony, and F1 score of 79% for not irony and 69% for irony class since researchers have come up with a binary classification model, in this study we have extended our work for multiclass classification of irony. It is significant and will serve as a foundation for future research on different types of irony in tweets.
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Shirahatti, Abhinandan, Vijay Rajpurohit, and Sanjeev Sannakki. "Fine grained irony classification through transfer learning approach." Computer Science and Information Technologies 4, no. 1 (2023): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v4i1.pp43-49.
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Nowadays irony appears to be pervasive in all social media discussion forums and chats, offering further obstacles to sentiment analysis efforts. The aim of the present research work is to detect irony and its types in English tweets We employed a new system for irony detection in English tweets, and we propose a distilled bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (DistilBERT) light transformer model based on the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) architecture, this is further strengthened by the use and design of bidirectional long-short term memory (Bi-LSTM) network this configuration minimizes data preprocessing tasks proposed model tests on a SemEval2018 task 3, 3,834 samples were provided. Experiment results show the proposed system has achieved a precision of 81% for not irony class and 66% for irony class, recall of 77% for not irony and 72% for irony, and F1 score of 79% for not irony and 69% for irony class since researchers have come up with a binary classification model, in this study we have extended our work for multiclass classification of irony. It is significant and will serve as a foundation for future research on different types of irony in tweets.
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Abhinandan, Shirahattii, Rajpurohit Vijay, and Sannakki Sanjeev. "Fine grained irony classification through transfer learning approach." Computer Science and Information Technologies 4, no. 1 (2023): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.11591/csit.v4i1.pp43-49.
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Nowadays irony appears to be pervasive in all social media discussion forums and chats, offering further obstacles to sentiment analysis efforts. The aim of the present research work is to detect irony and its types in English tweets We employed a new system for irony detection in English tweets, and we propose a distilled bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (DistilBERT) light transformer model based on the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) architecture, this is further strengthened by the use and design of bidirectional long-short term memory (Bi-LSTM) network this configuration minimizes data preprocessing tasks proposed model tests on a SemEval2018 task 3, 3,834 samples were provided. Experiment results show the proposed system has achieved a precision of 81% for not irony class and 66% for irony class, recall of 77% for not irony and 72% for irony, and F1 score of 79% for not irony and 69% for irony class since researchers have come up with a binary classification model, in this study we have extended our work for multiclass classification of irony. It is significant and will serve as a foundation for future research on different types of irony in tweets.
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Lestari, Widia. "Irony Analysis of Memes on Instagram Social Media." PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 2 (2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v10i2.192.
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This study disscused the irony in memes on Instagram. The memes were selected by selecting some accounts on Instagram. The aims of this study are to identify the types of irony in meme and to describe the meaning of irony used in memes on Instagram. In conducting this research, the methodology used is descriptive method by Creswell (2008). Theory of types of irony by Perrine (1966) and theory of meaning by Leech (1981) are used to do the analysis. The result of this research shows that there are twenty six verbal irony and four situational irony. Verbal irony in memes can attract the readers interest , and situational irony gives funny effects because of discrepancy between appearance and reality, or between expectation and fulfillment. Verbal irony and situational irony found on the Instagram are illustrated through the utterances in memes, and these memes have implicit meaning (non-literal meaning). How the readers understand the memes depends on their culture, time, and individual experience. Besides, the readers can get the meaning of memes if they compare the memes with the topic that has been viral their life.
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Afanasiev, Alexander, and Irina Vasilenko. "METAMODERN TRAVELS: FROM IRONY TO META-IRONY." Doxa, no. 2(38) (December 18, 2022): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-2601.2022.2(38).283061.
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The metamodern attempts to supplant the postmodern. It is characterized by a special understanding of irony. It is quite different from the total rigid irony of postmodernism. Irony has always existed. However, its character, types, and objects differed significantly. Voltaire’s irony in the New Age was not total. The supreme values of Reason and Enlightenment in the modern era were not subject to ridicule. For the postmodern there were no taboos, so irony became total, and ridicule of the values of modernity became harsh and destructive. However, the purifying positive character of such irony also took place. Metamodernism wants to revive the values and metanarratives of modern. It denies the rigid irony of the postmodern, but it does not abandon irony altogether. The irony of the metamodern is connected to a new sincerity. The author’s intention along the whole path of the oscillating interpretation is now hidden, now it is sincerely revealed. Such sincerity can be called circumspect. The reader or viewer has the opportunity to travel through various versions of his interpretation, from an accurate reading to an ironic allegory, all the way to a mockery of the irony presented. Irony accompanies the new sincerity all the way through the oscillation and plays with many shades. There is the absence of irony, simple irony, post-irony, and meta-irony. In the metamodern, irony becomes a cautious instrument of sparing criticism. It is a conscious choice of cultural figures, who tend to apply certain non-rigid types of irony and dose them, combining them with cautious sincerity. The contradictory combination of irony and sincerity fits into the paradigm of oscillation. With such irony, the metamodern tries not to traumatize anyone, not to impose assessments, and to let the individual sort out his or her own experience of the images and situations depicted.
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Elkhidr, Afaf Yousef. "Irony in Storytelling of Two Short Stories, "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Story of an Hour"." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 2 (2024): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.2.7.
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This paper is wholly designed to discuss the use of Irony in two famous classic short stories: Rip Van Winkle and The Story of an Hour. The two stories used Irony as a literary device in many positions to add a sense of humor and surprise in the reader's perception. Irony could take three shapes, as literature usually explains. Irony could be verbal, situational, or dramatic. Two types of these appeared in the two stories as literary devices and added a sense of weirdness and humor as expected when using Irony. Irony is widely applied as a useful literary device. This paper stresses the point that the two short stories, The Story of an Hour and Rip Van Winkle, use irony as a literary device. The paper used discourse analysis as a means to study Irony in the two stories. This paper depends on making a full survey of uses of irony in through different aspects. Subtitles are used separately to explain how examples of irony appeared in each short story. Content analysis was made to define each position of irony in the two stories. The conclusion explained that irony was used as a literary device and defined different positions of different types of irony in the two stories. Irony added a sense of humor and weirdness to the two stories and created excitement in Storytelling to prove its effectiveness as a literary device.
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Choi, Suyoung, Seungha Song, and Young Tae Kim. "Irony Comprehension in High-Functioning ASD Children according to Question Types and Task Types and Relationships between ToM and Irony Ability." Communication Sciences & Disorders 26, no. 1 (2021): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.20765.
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Kabylov, A. "IRONY IN THE STYLE OF OSPANHAN AUBAKIROV." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 75, no. 1 (2020): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.1728-7804.41.
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In connection with the prevailing trends of anthropocentrism in modern science, the importance of the problem of idiostyle increases in focusing on increasingly complex phenomena in human psychology and its aesthetic and philosophical cognition. Irony is one of the most important stylistic components that emphasize the individuality of the artist. One of the most effectively used critical and evaluative artistic means in the satirical and humorous stories of the outstanding Kazakh humorist Ospankhan Aubakirov is irony. The article deals with the implementation of irony in the works of the writer as an important tool in the aesthetic and artistic system of satirical works. Types of author's irony and irony from the character in humorous stories of the writer are proved by concrete examples. The author analyzes the nature and features of ironic statements conveyed by the author and characters in works of art. The author also examines the manifestations of irony at the plot level in some of the author's stories, as well as the peculiarities of linguistic and textual types of ironic meaning.
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Dudnikova, Lina V., and Marina S. Shevchenko. "On Some Peculiarities of Realization of Irony in a Literary Text." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, no. 3 (2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-3-38-45.
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The article analyzes various approaches to the study of irony in Russian and foreign linguistics. Irony is considered as a complex multifaceted phenomenon, its types and specific features are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the means of expression of irony, relating to different linguistic levels, in modern literary text in English and French.
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Мadina H., Tokmakova, and Bizhoev Boris Ch. "Irony in the emotive vocabulary of the Kabardian-Circassian language." Kavkazologiya 2024, no. 1 (2024): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2024-1-317-333.
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This article explores irony in the emotive vocabulary of the Kabardian-Circassian language. The connection between the expression and perception of irony and the cultural prerequisites of socie-ty has been noted. The dual function performed by irony in emotive vocabulary is noted. Using examples from Kabardian fiction, the main ways and means of expressing irony (metaphor, hy-perbolic comparison, personification, various stylistic figures, graphic symbols), its types (irony, self-irony, author’s irony) are considered. Mention is made of the frequent proximity of irony to lies and their use in manipulation. It is shown how in emotive texts the implementation of diction-ary emotive semantics occurs, but most often how vocabulary units not marked with emotivity “acquire” emotive-connotative meanings. The influence of irony on the development of metaphor-ical meanings of polysemantic words and enantiosemy has been revealed.
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Yulianti, Sinta Augina, Yoga Sudarisman, and Erfan Muhamad Fauzi. "Irony in Matt Bettinelli Olpin And Tyler Gillet's Abigail 2024." Journal of English Teaching, Literature, and Applied Linguistics 9, no. 1 (2025): 8. https://doi.org/10.30587/jetlal.v9i1.9113.
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This research contributes to the analysis of irony that builds the horror formula. Irony is one of the techniques used in movies to convey the message of the contradiction between hope and reality. The movie Abigail (2024) by Matt Bettinelli Olpin and Tyler Gillet illustrates that irony can construct a horror formula. The analysis in this study aims to find out what aspects of irony are contained in Matt Bettinelli Olpin and Tyler Gillet's Abigail (2024) and to identify aspects of irony that construct the horror formula in Matt Bettinelli Olpin and Tyler Gillet's Abigail (2024). This research uses Petrie and Boggss' theory for irony, while the horror formula theory used is Sarricks' theory. This research uses a descriptive qualitative analysis method to analyze the data. The results of the study found six types of irony that help construct the horror formula: dramatic irony, irony of situation, irony of character, irony of setting, irony of tone, and cosmic irony. The data used are dialog scenes collected in the form of screenshots.
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Parmonov, Alisher. "Methods and means of creating a comic effect of irony in discourse." Общество и инновации 4, no. 2/S (2023): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss2/s-pp28-31.
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Stylistic paths give the colorful meaning of the meaning of discourse; therefore they are usually used in literal text. One of them, is irony. Irony is a type of stylistic technique that will be investigated in this article. The purpose of the article is to find out some of its types. Moreover, some literary works, including irony, are illustrated.
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Tambunan, Anna Riana Suryanti, Fauziah Khairani Lubis, Winda Setia Sari, Widya Andayani, and Moh Hilman Fikri. "REPRESENTATION OF IRONY IN WHATSAPP GROUP CHAT." Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) 7, no. 1 (2023): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/lire.v7i1.180.
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This article explores the representation of irony in WhatsApp Group chats, aiming to identify the types of irony and narrate the meaning of the irony used. A case study was geared under Perrine's (1966) and Leech's (1981) analysis of the type of irony. Moreover, the result disclosed that touches of sarcasm were the favorable choice of irony to express the participants’ feelings. Sarcasm was detected by using uppercase characters, exclamation marks, and teasing words. Hyperbole and understatement were the second participants’ favorite to use to exaggerate reality and make a dramatic situation. Furthermore, implementing irony in daily conversation with decent knowledge is significant to flourish and enrich their linguistic adequacy to avoid misunderstanding and know the appropriate situation manual students' exploitations of irony will.
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Vázquez, Antonio, and José Antonio Sequera Meza. "La ironía en la novela Dos Crímenes de Jorge Ibargüengoitia." Moderna Språk 117, no. 3 (2023): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v117i3.13768.
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Jorge Ibargüengoitia is one of the most prominent writers in 20th-century Mexican literature. This study provides an analysis of his narrative in the work Dos Crímenes. The primary objective is to elucidate how the author constructs his narrative threads through the use of irony, which becomes a recurrent tool in his style. To accomplish this, it is proposed that Ibargüengoitia employs different types of irony: verbal, substantive, syntactic, and situational. These types of irony appear throughout the novel, creating a narrative in which the reader, as the recipient, can encounter various meanings and interpretive levels. Furthermore, as a result, we develop the conceptualization that irony serves an aesthetic, communicative, and humoristic function in reader interpretation, rooted in an interplay of creation and reading between the author and the reader.
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Baktybayeva, Annel T. "Ways of expressing irony and its types in modern Russian-language poetry of Kazakhstan (on the example of D. Nakipov’s works)." Neophilology, no. 18 (2019): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-18-178-184.
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We present the modern views of literature studies scholars, linguists and culturologists on the concept of irony in a poetic work. We analyze different ways of expressing irony on the example of contemporary Russian-language poetry by D. Nakipov. We center on material of the research literature on the analysis of the text poetics and lyrical poems of the Russian-speaking poet of Kazakhstan. Research methods: we use the method of continuous sampling to establish elements of irony in poetic texts; component and semantic analysis is used to determine the ironic meaning at various levels of literary text: lexical, grammatical, syntactic. Conclusion: in the works of D. Nakipov irony conveys the inner attitude of the narrator to what is happening, his mood and feelings through pun, antiphrasis, changes in phraseology, the use of neologisms, etc. Different ways of expressing irony create an ironic worldview. The ironic appeal, promise, readdressing, common-language and individually-author’s words and expressions with an ironic tone serves several functions (emotive, expressive, characterological) and passes several meanings (state, attitude, influence, characterization).
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Skorov, Pierre. "TRANSLATING LITERARY IRONY: ELEMENTS FOR A PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK PIERRE SKOROV." Vertimo studijos 2, no. 2 (2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2009.2.10605.
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This paper looks at the versatile and elusive concept of irony in literature from a translator’s perspective. It offers elements for a basic definition and for a classification of literary irony. It aims to provide the literary translator with a practical framework that would make it an easier task to identify and understand the various types of irony present in literature.
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Taranek-Wolańska, Olga. "„Epifanie w końcu muszą mieć jakiś sens”. Wokół ironii Juliusza Słowackiego i Zbigniewa Herberta." Prace Literackie 58 (April 28, 2020): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0079-4767.58.24.
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The article is devoted to irony as one of the common interpretative denominators of the works of Juliusz Słowacki and Zbigniew Herbert. Taking into account the fact that at least several types of irony are distinguished in literary studies (an elementary division includes rhetorical irony, socratic irony, and romantic irony), the author focuses on the linguistic element(s) of irony. The author sets out various functions of irony in Słowacki and Herbert, and with this procedure — presents the attitude of both poets to the heritage of Mediterranean culture as the eternal source of existential dilemmas. As the starting material for analysis and interpretation, two texts were used — Słowacki’s digression poem Podróż do Ziemi Świętej z Neapolu (read in the context of the genre) and a collec-tion of Herbert’s short narrative forms, Król mrówek.
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Winarta, Ida Bagus Gde Nova, I. Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya Putri, and I. Dewa Ayu Devi Maharani Santika. "Paradox and Irony Found in Selected Song Lyric of Avenged Sevenfold in The Album Entitled Avenged Sevenfold 2007." Prosiding Seminar Nasional Riset Bahasa dan Pengajaran Bahasa 5, no. 1 (2023): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/senarilip.v5i1.180-187.
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The aims of this research are as follows: to find out the types of figurative language, namely paradox and irony found in selected song lyric of Avenged Sevenfold in the album entitled Avenged Sevenfold 2007. This study focuses on analyzing the types of figurative language, namely paradox and irony found in selected song lyric of Avenged Sevenfold in the album entitled Avenged Sevenfold 2007. The Selected song lyric, such as, Dear God, Afterlife, A Little Piece of Heaven and Almost Easy. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method to describe the types of figurative language, namely paradox and irony based on the theory proposed by Kennedy, (1983). The finding and the analysis are explained descriptively, then the data is taken by listening and reading the song lyric comprehensively.
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Trisnawati, Ika Kana, Sarair Sarair, and Maulida Rahmi. "Irony in Charles Dicken's Oliver Twist." Englisia Journal 3, no. 2 (2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ej.v3i2.1026.
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This paper describes the types of irony used by Charles Dickens in his notable early work, Oliver Twist, as well as the reasons the irony was chosen. As a figurative language, irony is utilized to express one’s complex feelings without truly saying them. In Oliver Twist, Dickens brought the readers some real social issues wrapped in dark, deep written expressions of irony uttered by the characters of his novel. Undoubtedly, the novel had left an impact to the British society at the time. The irony Dickens displayed here includes verbal, situational, and dramatic irony. His choice of irony made sense as he intended to criticize the English Poor Laws and to touch the public sentiment. He wanted to let the readers go beyond what was literally written and once they discovered what the truth was, they would eventually understand Dickens’ purposes.
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Parmonov, Alisher Abdupattayevich. "THE USE OF IRONY IN THE ARTISTIC DISCOURSE." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 03, no. 01 (2020): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-03-01-13.
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This article describes the philosophical-logical, linguistic-pragmatic, semantic-stylistic, comparative-typological aspects of irony in discourse, and discusses many types of research in the linguistic literature and the means of their application in practice. It has been studied what groups they can be divided into in the field of science.
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Alba-Juez, Laura. "Contrasting Dimensions behind the Use of Irony and Humour in Times of Crisis." Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium 8, no. 1 (2023): 152–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/tertium.2023.8.1.261.
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In this article the discourse of irony and humor is explored in two sets of memes generated in times of crisis, namely the recent Covid pandemic and the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Different versions of macro memes are examined in both sets through the lens of the Inferred Contradiction Theory of irony (Alba-Juez 2014). The main research questions were: 1) What type(s) of irony is/are exploited to make the memes humorous? 2)What type of inference is found in the inferred contradiction that is essential for the comprehension of the ironic humor in the memes? 3) What is the main function of the irony (and humor) in the memes? A qualitative discourse-pragmatic analytic method was used, together with a simple quantitative analysis of the types of irony used. The analysis shows that the humorous irony in the memes is always based in some kind of contradiction that has to be inferred at some discourse-linguistic level, displaying instances of not only propositional but also illocutionary irony, as well as other kinds of irony where the inferred contradiction is found in the subplicit information that is shared by the interlocutors, or even in the images shown. The results reveal that most of the jokes in the memes were sarcastic and thus the inferred contradiction led to the negative evaluation of some person or situation. The irony in the majority of the memes was of the conversational, negative and propositional types, and the functions fulfilled by the ironic humor were found to serve contrasting and contradictory motivations (aggressiveness towards the out-group and affiliation with the in-group), as well as that of amusing the readers.
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Lozano-Palacio, Inés. "A cognitive-pragmatic account of the structural elements of the ironic event." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 11, no. 1 (2024): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00113.loz.
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Abstract This article discusses the ironist, the interpreter, and the target as structural elements of irony from a cognitive-linguistic standpoint. It builds on the scenario-based approach to irony, where ironic meaning is taken as a contextually adjustable inference that results from a clash between epistemic and attested conceptual scenarios. The article provides a classification of ironist, interpreter, and target types, and then it discusses the functions of irony (i.e., attacking, mocking, being playful, showing off, and persuading) and the solidarity component involved in ironic production and interpretation. It further explains the factors involved in the identification of the epistemic and the attested scenarios, and those involved in the interpretation of irony. The resulting analysis of the structural elements of irony endows the study of irony with greater descriptive delicacy and explanatory adequacy.
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Abdullah Najim Abd Aliwie. "A Pragmatic Study of Irony in Dickens’ ‘A Tale of Two Cities’." Forum for Linguistic Studies 6, no. 6 (2024): 147–61. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i6.7056.
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The study aims to examine the phenomenon of irony in Charles Dickens’ novel “A Tale of Two Cities” pragmatically. It identifies the common strategies used to convey irony and the different types of irony used in the novel. The research design involves an introduction that illustrates a literature review on irony and its various forms, analysing samples from the novel, employing a model to analyse the data, and using statistical methods to calculate the results. The findings show that verbal irony is the most frequently employed form of irony in the novel, followed by dramatic irony and situational irony. The study supports the hypothesis that verbal irony is the most prevalent type of irony used in the novel. The data analysis includes examples of each type of irony to illustrate the findings. This research seeks to address that knowledge gap with analysis of this paper, which seeks to establish the functioning and pragmatics of verbal irony alongside situational and dramatic irony in “A Tale of Two Cities” in order to portray cynicism and the criticism of the prevailing social order. The study reached some conclusions, the most important of which is that verbal irony is the most common type used by language users, and the novelist intends to ridicule a subject and point out its faults through satire.
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Basori, NFN. "IRONI PEMILIHAN UMUM DI INDONESIA DALAM PUISI “KETIKA INDONESIA DIHORMATI DUNIA” KARYA TAUFIK ISMAIL." SUAR BETANG 15, no. 1 (2020): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/surbet.v15i1.163.
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The events that occur in the environment are inseparable from the observations and works of writers. Likewise about general elections. Elections are routine events in a country that adopts a democratic system. Taufik Ismail, who is one of the most prolific poets in Indonesia, also noted this election event. This research takes one of Taufik Ismail's poems with the theme of the general election, namely When Indonesia is Honored by the World (KIDD). KIDD's poetry is examined by its ironic elements in shaping meaning. Characteristics and types of irony that is in it and how the irony builds the meaning desired by the poet. Characteristics of irony utterances found in KIDD are semantic disparities and the use of hyperbolic force. Semantic disparities are characterized by lexical contradictions, the juxtaposition of words containing conflicting components of meaning, and the use or insertion of words with contrasting tunings. The use of hyperbole is the most powerful element seen in KIDD. This seems to be a style that is typical of Taufik Ismail. Hyperbolic speech is characterized by a violation of the quantity and quality maxim. The study of the type of irony shows that the KIDD poem contains a type of verbal irony as part of the structure of the pronunciation of irony. The type also found in this study is the type of situational irony. These characteristics and types of irony are used to build criticism, satire, and ridicule towards the Indonesian people. Such criticism, satire, and derision are arranged in a comparison or contrast between the past and the present.
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Mateo, Marta. "The Translation of Irony." Meta 40, no. 1 (2002): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003595ar.
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Résumé L'auteur propose d'abord une définition de l'ironie, puis explore les éléments qui permettent la perception de l'ironie et une classification par types. Elle présente ensuite les facteurs qui rendent facile ou impossible la traduction de cette figure de style. Enfin, l'auteur propose une nouvelle approche pour l'étude de la traduction de l'ironie et le développement d'une méthode descriptive de recherche qui permet de dévoiler les stratégies traductionnelles adoptées dans différentes traductions.
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Latifah, Meifithriana. "IRONY IN JONATHAN STROUD'S THE AMULET OF SAMARKAND." Journal of Literature, Linguistics, & Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (2022): 190–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/lilics.v1i1.2372.
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One of literary devices that can be applied to literary works is irony. The irony as literary device is a figure of speech in which the speaker’s meaning is far from the usual meaning of the words or quite the opposite. In this study, the author analyzing the irony in novel The Amulet of Samarkand, to get in-depth explanation of the types of irony in the novel, how it was portrayed and how it was connected to the plot of the story. Furthermore, this study is part of literary criticism since the researcher approach the literary work by New Criticism theory then interprets and analyze the literary work by Kennedy’s theory of irony. The theory of irony applied to analyze the irony as a literary device in the novel The Amulet of Samarkand by Jonathan Stroud. The findings show that there are five kinds of irony in the novel; verbal irony, dramatic irony, cosmic irony, situational irony, and ironic point of view. Hence, the researcher found that each of irony works to the plot as it was play roles as an agent to move the plot to its rising action and climax, and the it works to emphasize some important point in the plot as well. The important points in the plot that emphasized by the irony such as; the naivety of Nathaniel, the discrepancy of the thing being done and its result, and the cunny nature of the demon.
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Babîi, Oana. "Variables as Contextual Constraints in Translating Irony." Linguaculture 2015, no. 1 (2015): 98–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lincu-2015-0039.
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Abstract The translator’s role and responsibility are high in any act of interlingual communication, and even higher when irony, an indirect and deliberately elusive form of communication, is involved in the translation process. By allowing more than one possible interpretation, irony is inevitably exposed to the risk of being misunderstood. This paper attempts to capture the complexity of translating irony, making use of theoretical frameworks provided by literary studies and translation studies. It analyses if and how the types of irony, the literary genres and the cultural, normative factors, perceived as potential contextual constraints, have an impact on the translator’ choices in rendering irony in translation, taking illustrative examples from Jonathan Swift, Oscar Wilde, Aldous Huxley and David Lodge’s works.
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Di, Zhang, Wu Xiangyan, Chen Shuzhen, and Gao Kuifeng. "Roles of the Sentence-final Particles in Cognition of Irony ——Based on the Test of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." ERUDITE: Journal Of Chinese Studies And Education 1, no. 1 (2020): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/erudite.vol1.1.7.2020.
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Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have some shortcomings in the understanding of irony. It’s mainly from the prosody, a kind of language cue, to study the understanding of irony. However, Chinese-speaking children with ASD are less capable of using prosodic cues for irony comprehension, and sentence-final particles (SFPs) may be used for this pragmatic function. This study used three measurement indicators (the attitude, intention and language explanation) to examine the effects of the SFPs on the comprehension of different types of irony between the High-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFASD) and the Typical Development (TD) children group. The study found there was a significant difference on the irony comprehension between two groups. Language cues SFPs can only play a role in the irony which HFASD children can make the understanding and judgment by. And for TD children, the SFP made a significant effect on the irony of compliment. It shows that two groups used different treatment strategies to understand the irony. The differences were discussed by the theory of mind, the frequency of utterance and the rule of cognition.
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Galtsov, Petr Il'ich, and Elvira Rifatovna Baturina. "The Manifestation and Evolution of Irony in English Standup Comedy." Litera, no. 10 (October 2023): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.39125.
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The subject of this study is irony and its manifestation in the humorous monologues of foreign stand-up comedians. The object of this study is the speeches of American stand-up comedians. The author examines in detail such aspects as the main components of creating irony, which include the implicit expression of the author's superiority, the author's presupposition, as well as stylistic means of creating irony, such as contrast, epithets, hyperbole. Special attention is paid to such types of irony as verbal, dramatic and situational irony. Post-irony and meta-irony were also considered, as well as the specifics of their formation in comedians' jokes, which include playing with reality, intertextuality, pastiche, the concept of the author's death, the proclamation of criticism of traditional and modernist meta-narratives. The novelty of the research lies in the previously unseen analysis of stand-up performances for the presence and formation of irony, as well as the means of its creation. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the opening of the corpus of texts of stand-up comedians' speeches for further analysis of the material to identify other linguistic phenomena. The topic of irony, post-irony, meta-irony was presented for the first time in this context and is available for further research. In addition to the seemingly goal of expressing ridicule and the author's superiority over the viewer, irony also reveals the positive sides of the object of jokes.
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Ekasani, Kadek Ayu. "The Verbal Irony found in English Novel “Twilight”." Humanis 27, no. 4 (2023): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2023.v27.i04.p04.
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Talking irony as one of the figures of speech has been commonly discussed not only in daily conversation but also in social media, contemporary fiction, and different works of literature. However, the study of irony itself is not widely discussed in the novel. This study aims to find the verbal irony that occurs in the novel and in what situations it occurs. The data were taken from the novel “Twilight” written by Stephenie Meyer. The theory is adapted from Winokur (2007) about the definition of verbal irony. This study uses a qualitative approach and data are collected by note-taking and classified into the types of irony. The findings of this study, there are 14 data of verbal irony occur in this study. This study also found that the ironic criticism in the novel appears to minimize the negative meaning of the message. So, it may reduce the level of criticism for the addressee to save face. Explaining Verbal Irony in the Novel is really different from what we communicate in real situations. We have to read the whole text to find the implicit meaning of the irony. For the next study, we can analyze the comparison between irony and humor in literary work, such as novels to have more sight into those signals.
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Arif, Citra Ainun, and Auliyanti Sahril Nurfadhilah. "THE HUMOR IN IRONY THROUGH THE CHARACTERS OF LLYOD AND HARRY IN “DUMB AND DUMBER” MOVIE." ELITERATE : Journal of English Linguistics and Literature Studies 3, no. 2 (2024): 103. https://doi.org/10.26858/eliterate.v3i2.62216.
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In this research study, the researcher aims to find out the use of humor in irony by the characters Llyod and Harry in the movie “Dumb and Dumber”. The main source of data for this research is the movie Dumb and Dumber (1994). Dumb and Dumber (1994) was written by Peter Farrelly, Bennet Yellin, Bobby Farrelly, and directed by Peter Farrelly. It was released by New Cinema and produced in the United States by Brad Krevoy. In this study, we examined the type of irony in the movie “Dumb and Dumber” and humor in irony through the characters of Llyod and Harry in the movie “Dumb and Dumber”. In examining the type of irony, we used Abram’s theory (1999) and for humor we used Raskin’s theory (1984). Descriptive qualitative method was used in this research, in which we watched the film, observed, analyzed the data and complied then drew conclusions. We found that the characters in the movie “Dumb and Dumber” used all types of irony in 23 extracts. Verbal irony, situational irony and dramatic irony can be found in this movie. For humor in irony that appears through the characters of Llyod and Harry in this movie, it is found in various ways of expression so as to bring humor in it.
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Hassan, Hazha S., and Chinar K. Tayib. "Irony in Kate Chopin’s Selected Short Stories." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v3n1y2020.pp137-144.
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Many authors often employ irony as a powerful literary device since it makes the language of their literary works more suggestive and more emphatic. They usually use irony as a kind of satire, thereby to emphasize faults in their characters or in society in general. Among the American writers who use irony in their short stories is Kate Chopin. This study aims to discuss the nature of irony in Kate Chopin’s three short stories, “The Story of an Hour”, “The Storm”, and “Desiree’s Baby”. The study tries to analyze the presence of three main types of irony, their functions, their relation to the theme or message of the story, and the reasons behind the use of irony. The study concludes that though Chopin satirizes her contemporary society through irony, her irony is neither humorous nor funny but invariably tragic. She deliberately uses irony in her stories. She creates an atmosphere of suspense by adding turns and twists to the stories in order to shock the reader. Another reason for using irony is to employ her unconventional ideas about the condition of women and to bring the reader to the main theme of the story. Moreover, the ultimate goal behind all is to criticize as well as to highlight the flaws of the American patriarchal society of her lifetime and to support her feminist ideas.
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Mehela, Kateryna. "TYPES OF ARTISTIC REFERENCE: PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 47 (2025): 48–62. https://doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2025.47.05.
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The article discusses the challenges of translating American influencer slang, with a focus on a self-help book by American blogger and author Tinx (Christina Najjar). It examines key features of influencer discourse-such as informal vocabulary, internet slang, author-coined neologisms, pop culture references, psychology and business terminology. The study argues that influencer slang, deeply embedded in digital culture, functions not only as a means of communication but also as a sociocultural instrument that fosters linguistic innovation and influences contemporary literary styles. The article highlights primary challenges of translating Tinx’s work into Ukrainian, including preserving irony, expressive nuances, and stylistic coherence; handling abbreviations and acronyms; effectively adapting pop culture allusions; and accurately capturing the author’s figurative language and specialized terminology. These intricacies demand a creative translation approach and a thorough grasp of the cultural context embedded in the original text. The study identifies key translation strategies: literal word-for-word translation, descriptive rendering, functional equivalents, transliteration, cultural adaptation, and context-driven combinations of these techniques based on pragmatic objectives. The findings emphasize that successfully translating influencer slang requires a keen awareness of cultural subtleties, language evolution, and the unique stylistic features of the source text. In order to convey Tinx’s signature style-marked by humor, self-irony, and an engaging, colloquial narrative manner – the translator must blend precision with creativity. Beyond linguistic accuracy, the principal objective is to maintain the interactive and casual tone that defines influencer communication. The article provides practical recommendations for translating contemporary non-fiction texts infused with elements of internet culture.
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Shatin, Yu V. "Rhetorical Methods of Reconstructing the Image of the Hero in Modern Journalism. The Era of Metamodernism." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 6 (2021): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-6-299-305.
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The article studies the methods of deconstructing the image of the hero in journalistic texts of the 21st century from the metamodernism perspective. Based on the works of the main theorists of metamodernism R. Akker and T. Vermeulen, the author of the article focuses on the reception of post-irony, which due to the oscillation (fluctuation of sense) blurs the line between irony and seriousness. Being a universal culture phenomenon, post-irony as means of deconstruction has penetrated various types of art and has dominated certain sectors of the modern media space. Based on the exam ples of two genres of modern journalism – newspaper obituary and interview – the author identifies the main rhetorical devices of deconstruction, which mainly rely on post-irony.
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Kravchenko, Nataliia N., and Olena А. Kryzhko. "COGNITIVE AND PRAGMATIC MECHANISMS OF GENERATING SITUATIONAL AND ECHOIC IRONY (A CASE STUDY OF THACKERAY’S NOVEL THE HISTORY OF PENDENNIS: HIS FORTUNES AND MISFORTUNES, HIS FRIENDS AND HIS GREATEST ENEMY)." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, no. 29 (2025): 103–17. https://doi.org/10.32342/3041-217x-2025-1-29-6.
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The aim of the article is to identify the cognitive and pragmatic mechanisms of irony generation in Thackeray’s Novel, The History of Pendennis: His Fortunes and Misfortunes, His Friends and His Greatest En- emy, while distinguishing between situational and echoic irony regarding ostensive stimuli and collisional scripts. This goal is achieved through the application of a comprehensive methodology, including the mod- el of integrated pragmatics by O. Ducrot and the method of echoic interpretation of irony within the frame- work of relevance theory, combined with the method of inference of discursive implicatures and tools for the analysis of irony-generating metaphors and comparisons. The article arrives at the main conclusion of the commonality of cognitive and pragmatic mechanisms in generating situational and echoic irony. The cognitive mechanism is based on the incongruity and collision of scripts marked by ironic utterances, the connection between which is facilitated by ostensive stimuli. Differences between the two types of irony are identified in the types of ostensive stimuli, the specificity of actualized scripts, and the typed of the violated presuppositions underlying their collision. Ostensive stimuli in situational irony include metaphor, authorial metatext, comparison, and implicit antithesis as triggers for transitioning between scripts. Сollision scripts generating situational irony are based on “comparison samples” of similes, source and target spaces of a metaphor, or frames formed by groups of contrasting images. The transition be- tween scripts is facilitated based on common features of comparison terms, elements of the generic space of metaphor, attribution of evaluatively contrasting characteristics to one character, and referenc- es through the authorial metatext to prominent positions in the text that justify the implicit antithesis. The collision of scripts that generates situational irony is based on violations of categorical semantic and syn- tagmatic presuppositions, associated with constraints on the semantic compatibility of linguistic units, and projected onto ontological anomalies — contradictions between the general properties of realities and events, as well as violations of causal connections in the logical structure of presupposition, where the ba- sis of the inference lies in logical contradiction, which is projected onto logical-pragmatic anomalies — vio- lation of pragmatic presuppositions about natural relationships between realities or events. The ostensive stimuli of echoic irony include allusion-based comparison, allusion-based hyperbole, and allusion-based personification, marking the connection between collisional scripts that are based on the discrepancy of universal cultural scripts with “mundane” scripts. This leads to violations of normative- value presuppositions, reflecting commonly accepted standards or judgments, or violations of existential (ontological) presuppositions. In addition to ostensive stimuli — triggers for transitioning between scripts, both situational and echoic irony are supported by intensifiers — units that actualize peripheral components of scripts, which contribute to intensifying contradictions, serve as additional means of transitioning between scripts, and actualize local ironic connotations through individual stylistic devices. The general pragmatic mechanism for generating ironic meanings in situational and echoic irony in- volves the violation of the cooperative maxim of relevance – due to the collision of scripts, and quality – through the use of semasiological stylistic devices. Deviating from the maxim triggers ironic implicature and moralizing meta-implicature, establishing coherence between scripts and grounds for coherence.
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Alotaibi, Yasir. "A New Analysis of Verbal Irony." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 5 (2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.5p.154.
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This article contributes a new analysis of verbal irony to the literature. It presents the main analyses of verbal irony – and the main criticisms of these analyses – found in both older and modern literatures as part of its attempt to build a new account for verbal irony. Thus, this paper discusses traditional, echoic and pretense accounts of irony and the limitations of these analyses. In traditional account, verbal irony is analyzed as a type of a trope or a figurative, in which the speaker communicates the opposite of the literal meaning (see Utsumi (2000)). In echoic analysis, verbal irony is assumed to be an echoic interpretation of an attributed utterance or thought (see Wilson and Sperber (1992)). As for pretense account of verbal irony, it views the ironist as pretending to be an injudicious speaker talking to an uninitiated hearer (see Clark and Gerrig (1984)). The three analyses of verbal irony attract some criticism in the literature (see Kreuz and Glucksberg (1989) and Utsumi (2000)). This paper argues for a new analysis, suggesting that there are multiple types of verbal irony that should be examined under more than one analytical approach based on their meanings. This paper suggests that ironic verbal expressions that communicate the opposite of their literal meaning should be analyzed as a type of metaphor with two oppositional subjects in which the ironist pretends to believe that they resemble one another.
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Mavlonova Ugiloy Khamdamovna. "Similarities and differences between types of comic." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 9 (2020): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i9.596.
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On the pages of literary works, the reader is often confronted with funny characters or episodes, funny names of characters, ridiculous features of speech. In all these cases, we are dealing with manifestations of the comic in literature. The reader understands that the writer set himself the task of causing the audience to laugh, to portray something funny. But at the same time, we cannot fail to notice how different such laughter can be. In literary criticism, it is customary to distinguish the following types of comic: humor, irony, satire and sarcasm. Also, experts distinguish between the techniques of the comic. These include hyperbole, absurdity, grotesque, fantasy, self-exposure and some others.
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Livnat, Zohar. "On verbal irony, meta-linguistic knowledge and echoic interpretation." Pragmatics and Cognition 12, no. 1 (2004): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.12.1.05liv.
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The aim of this paper is to examine some actual examples of written verbal irony that contain apposition. Meta-linguistic knowledge about apposition as a syntactic structure is claimed to be involved in the interpretation process of the utterance and especially in recognizing the victim of the irony. This discussion demonstrates the interdependence between apposition, its echoic quality in particular cases, and the victim of the irony. Since syntactic structure may serve as a cue to indirect meaning, pointing at the specific meta-linguistic knowledge used for interpreting ironic utterances may enrich the discussion and enhance the description of the interpretation process. Different types of echoing are demonstrated and examined. The analysis also suggests that untruthfulness may serve mainly as a cue to the presence of irony, rather than as an essential component of this phenomenon.
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Gedzevičienė, Dalia. "Metaphor and Irony in the Public Criminological Discourse of Lithuania." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 33, no. 2 (2018): 400–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325418796567.
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This article discusses metaphor and irony as discursive strategies employed by the Lithuanian media while construing the imagery of crime, criminal, and criminality. The method applied to analyse metaphor and irony in Lithuanian criminological discourse combines the framework offered by conceptual metaphor theory with corpus linguistics. First of all, metaphorical and ironical expressions were inventoried, and then conceptual paradigms were reconstructed from them. The conceptual-level analysis revealed that the relations between the conceptual domains of metaphor and irony are processed by different types of mapping (similarity [metaphor] vs. dissimilarity [irony]). Despite differences in the processing of cross-domain mapping, metaphor and irony realised in public criminological discourse carry out the same or very similar rhetorical and social functions. The main function of these discursive strategies is the vivid expression of emotional attitudes and values directed at the criminal—the text adresser evaluates the criminal and crime negatively, dissociates from the offender, and isolates him symbolically from our community. In this way, the contemporary Lithuanian media constructs and shapes the community’s approach to particular social phenomena—crime, criminal, and criminality.
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Lozano-Palacio, Inés. "Irony in Linguistics and Literary Theory: Towards a Synthetic Approach." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 59 (December 2, 2019): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20196341.
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Irony has been approached by different disciplines concerned with language. The more socio-historical approach taken by literary theorists contrasts with the more analytical bias of linguistic accounts. A comparative study of both perspectives reveals the need to enhance mutual cross-disciplinary dialogue with a view to producing a constructive integrated perspective. Following this premise, this paper puts forward an approach that combines insights from inferential pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, and literary theory. It acknowledges the centrality of the relevance-theoretic notion of echo, taken as a cognitive mechanism rather than just as a pragmatic phenomenon. In this view, irony arises from the clash between an echoed and an observed scenario, which reveals the speaker’s attitude. The construction of the former is constrained by socio-cultural, communicative, and personal factors. This view allows for a distinction between different types of ironist (communicator) and interpreter (addressee), a study of their roles in the ironic event, and a classification of echoed scenarios from the standpoint of their grounding in an array of personal and presumed interpersonal beliefs, and in socio-cultural stereotypes. It also allows for a correlation between irony types and echoed scenario types and reveals the gradable character of the pragmatic felicity of the ironic act.
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Bączkowska, Anna, Katarzyna Kukowicz-Żarska, Aneta Dłutek, and Iwona Benenowska. "Ironic opinions on Polish Reddit: Description and computational methods of analysis." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 21/1 (June 20, 2024): 91–141. https://doi.org/10.26881/bp.2024.1.04.
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The paper analyses ironic comments as forms of expressing opinions posted by social media users, specifically on Polish Reddit. The study resorts to Gricean and neo-Gricean theories and typologies adapted to analyse the (syntactically) imperfect, spontaneous and colloquial discourse used online on social media. In this analysis, various corpus and computational tools are deployed to scrutinise types of irony, topics, and functions. The results have clearly shown that the most frequent type of irony used by Reddit authors is lexical irony, the predominant function is jocular irony, and the overall sentiment of the comments is negative. Ironic comments on the Polish Reddit (subreddit ‘/s’) are primarily used to express opinions about institutions, events, things and generally the third party, and rarely to attack an individual. The study also shows how advanced computational tools available for the Polish language can be used in a language analysis of opinionated texts.
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Tislenkova, Irina Aleksandrovna, Viktoria Viktorovna Tikhaeva, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Glebova, Irina Vladimirovna Bgantseva, Ekaterina Yuryevna Ionkina, and Aleksej Vladimirovich Stramnoy. "Irony in communicative behaviour of Elite in Edwardian Britain." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-E (2021): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-e1208p.405-413.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of little-studied specific in functioning of irony in the speech of English social elite. The aim of the study is to conduct sociolinguistic analysis of Julian Fellowes’s TV series script "Downton Abbey" to identify the language markers of irony, used by English aristocrats in the early XXth century, describe tactics and types of speech acts attached to irony, its impact on communicants. The main methods used in the study include sociolinguistic analysis of character's speech by means of sociolinguistic categories. Analysis of the contexts, where irony is used, allowed us to come to conclusion that the information plan of the ironic statement is expressed implicitly, includes methods of labeling, devaluation of interlocutor’s merits, humiliation, and mockery by means of hyperbolic metaphor, ironic pejorative, allusion and antithesis. The data, obtained in the process of research, can be used in the course of intercultural communication, stylistics, translation and semiotics.
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Dynel, Marta. "Comparing and combining covert and overt untruthfulness." New Theoretical Insights into Untruthfulness 23, no. 1 (2016): 174–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.23.1.08dyn.
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This paper aims to differentiate between lying (seen as a type of deceiving) and irony, typically addressed independently by philosophers and linguists, as well as to discuss the cases when deception co-occurs with, and capitalises on, irony or metaphor. It is argued that the focal distinction can be made with reference to Grice’s first maxim of Quality, whose floutings lead to overt untruthfulness (notably, irony and metaphor), and whose violations result in covert untruthfulness (notably, lying, next to other forms of deception). Both types of untruthfulness are divided into explicit and implicit subtypes depending on the level of meaning on which they are manifest (what is said/made as if to say, or what is implicated). Further, it is shown that deception may be based on irony or metaphor, which either promote deceptive implicatures or are deployed covertly. Finally, some argumentation is provided in favour of why these cases of deceiving can be conceptualised as lying.