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1
Sonali, Bhagat* Anup Kendre Shubhangi Dorle Vaishnavi Khandre. "Nanoemulsion Future Approach in Faster Routes of Dosage Delivery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 994–1004. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14638098.
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A nano-emulsion drug delivery system has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of traditional drug administration methods. This review summarizes recent advancements in nano-emulsion systems, which are submicron emulsions designed to enhance the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients to specific target sites. Nano-emulsions consist of a uniform mixture of lipid and aqueous phases, stabilized by effective emulsifying agents. The droplet sizes range from 50 to 500 nm, distinguishing nano-emulsions from emulsions and micro-emulsions based on their size and distribution characteristics. These systems offer a novel dosage form particularly beneficial for poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their pharmacological activity. Applications for nano-emulsions extend into the cosmetic industry, diagnostic tests, drug treatments, and biotechnology. This review will cover essential information on nano-emulsions, including their advantages, disadvantages, limitations, different types, formulation components, surfactants, preparation techniques, characterization methods, and various pharmaceutical applications, such as in cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, mucosal vaccines, and transdermal systems.
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Sonali, Bhagat* Anup Kendre Shubhangi Dorle Vaishnavi Khandre Mayuresh Ramlod. "Nanoemulsion Future Approach in Faster Routes of Dosage Delivery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 1026–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14639589.
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A nano-emulsion drug delivery system has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of traditional drug administration methods. This review summarizes recent advancements in nano-emulsion systems, which are submicron emulsions designed to enhance the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients to specific target sites. Nano-emulsions consist of a uniform mixture of lipid and aqueous phases, stabilized by effective emulsifying agents. The droplet sizes range from 50 to 500 nm, distinguishing nano-emulsions from emulsions and micro-emulsions based on their size and distribution characteristics. These systems offer a novel dosage form particularly beneficial for poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their pharmacological activity. Applications for nano-emulsions extend into the cosmetic industry, diagnostic tests, drug treatments, and biotechnology. This review will cover essential information on nano-emulsions, including their advantages, disadvantages, limitations, different types, formulation components, surfactants, preparation techniques, characterization methods, and various pharmaceutical applications, such as in cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, mucosal vaccines, and transdermal systems.
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Nagar, Mohit. "Review on Nano-Emulsion Drug Delivery System and Formulation, Evaluation and Their Pharmaceutical Applications." International Journal Of Health Care And Nursing 2, no. 1 (2023): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55938/ijhcn.v2i1.43.
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Nano-emulsion drug delivery system such as develop to eliminate the limitations with traditional drug administration system. This review provided a good overview of the recent advances in the Nano-emulsion drug delivery system. These are nano-sized submicron emulsions developed to enhanced the circulates of active pharmaceutical ingredients to targeted site. Nano-emulsion is a homogeneous mixture of lipid and aqueous phase and stabilization is obtained through the use of an effective substance such as emulsifying agents. The droplet size has been range between the 50-500 nm. The size and shape of the substance distributed throughout the usual process differentiates of emulsion, micro-emulsion, and nano-emulsion. Nano-emulsion gives a novel dosage form for less water solubility drugs and increases pharmacological activity of drugs. Nano-emulsion is used in the future cosmetic industry, diagnostic testing, drug treatment, and biotechnology. This analysis aims to include brief information on the nano-emulsion, advantages, disadvantages, limitations of nano-emulsion, types of nano-emulsion, components of formulations, surface active agents (Surfactant), preparation methods, characterization methods with strong attention of different pharmaceutical applications of nano-emulsion in a different area such as cancer and tumors therapy, targeted drug delivery, mucosal vaccine, trans-dermal drug delivery system.
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Diao, Xian Zhen. "Preparation Study of WO3 Nano-Powder with Micro Emulsion Method." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.299.
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WO3 nano-powder was prepared by CTAB/n-buoh/octane/H2O micro emulsion system, Na2WO4 and hydrochloric acid as raw material. And the structure, size and topography of WO3 nano-powder were characterized with X-ray diffractometer, transmissive electron microscopy. The result showed:calcination temperatures and different reactant types affect WO3 characteristics evidently; In moisture content 8%, calcining temperature 400°C conditions, small particle size、distribution uniform and spherical shape WO3 nano powder with micro emulsion method is prepared.
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Dhumal, Nikhil, Vishal Yadav, and Smita Borkar. "Nanoemulsion as Novel Drug Delivery System: Development, Characterization and Application." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 10, no. 6 (2022): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i6.1205.
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A dispersed nano-system with droplet sizes as small as submicrons is called a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water, surfactant, and co-surfactant. Nanoemulsion typically has droplet sizes between 20 and 200 nanometer. The size and composition of the scattered particles in a continuous phase are the primary distinctions between an emulsion and a nanoemulsion. This approach is intended to alleviate some of the issues that low bioavailability and noncompliance, two issues with traditional drug delivery systems, bring up.Today, nano emulsion can be created for a number of administration routes. A nano emulsion formulation can be considered an effective, secure, and patient-compliant pharmaceutical delivery method. Nowadays, nano emulsions have attracted a lot of interest in pharmacotherapy, dosage form design, and research. A surfactant and a cosurfactant can preserves the stability components of nanoemulsion. Brief details on the types, preparation process, stability, assessment, and applications of nanoemulsion are provided in this review.
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Ajmeera, Shanthri, M. Madhavi, L. Mahesh, B. Lalitha, and K. Vanaja. "Toxicity Evaluation of Punica Granatum Fruit Peel Nanoemulsion against Tribolium Castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 23 (2023): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i233781.
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In this work, the essential oils were extracted from the peels of Punica granatum (Pomegranate). Insects carry natural ecosystem service area as biological controller of pests specifically the biodiversity-rich countries. Insects one of the maximum common pest stored grains and identified to infest 233 different types of pests. The study is to be synthesised the Essential oils and nano emulsion from the waste of Mosambi fruit peel. The nano emulsion were prepared and before, double distilled water added to mixture (4:1 respectively) and stirred for 60min to attain a homologous Emulsified phase.
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Wei, Ya Na, Xiu Lan Xin, Yang Yu, and Hai Chao Zhu. "Synthesis of Nano-Emulsion with Allyl-Type Sodium Succinate Diester Emulsifier." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.3.
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In this study 50-70nm Nano-emulsion was synthesized by semi-continuous seeding emulsion with the compound of the different long-chain of carbon of the Allyl-type sodium Succinate Diester Emulsifier and traditional emulsifier. The type and amount of emulsifier, initiator and monomer ratio on the amount and impact of acrylic emulsion were discussed. The results showed that the obtained acrylic emulsion with the presence of polymerizable emulsion has significant lower water absorption and greater stability than that with the presence of traditional emulsifier. Measuring the solid content , particle size, stability, morphology, glass transition temperature and water absorption of the emulsion with the three types of allyl-type polymerizable emulsifier(sodium octyl allyl succinate (DOAS), sodium dodecyl succinate (SDAS) , tetradecyl sodium allyl succinate (TSAS)), considering various factors, sodium dodecyl allyl succinate has better emulsification.
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Nguyen, Hoa Phuoc Trung, Tuyen Thuy Bich Pham, Vinh Quang Lam, and Hieu Van Le. "Synthesis of silver nano-particles using micro-emulsion technique." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 4 (2013): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i4.1605.
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Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing two micro-emulsion systems – one with precursor (AgNO3) and one with reducing agent (NaBH4). Dioctyl sodium sulfonsuccinate – AOT was used as surfactant. We studied parameters as ω – molar ratio of water to surfactant, hydrocarbon (oil) types. The molar ratio of water to surfactant was changed from 2.5 to 5; 7.5 and 10. The used oil types were cyclohexane, iso-octane, and dodecane. XRD, UV-Vis and TEM images were used to elucidate the structure and size of the products. The results showed that, synthesized silver nanoparticles sizes were between 5 – 7 nm, with homogeneously spherical shapes. The silver colloids were used in antibacterial applications. The antibacterial efficiency was very high, above 99% at ~ 4 μg/ml concentration of silver nanoparticles.
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Fathy, Sally, Esmat Awad, Salah Aal, Eman Abdelfatah, and Asmaa Tahoun. "Inhibitory effect of some probiotic strains and essential oils on the growth of some foodborne pathogens." Open Veterinary Journal 14, (1) (Zagazig Veterinary Confer (2024): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.43.
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Background: Bacillus cereus and Yersinia enterocolitica are implicated in foodborne diseases (FBD) which have major effects on human health, therefore it is considered as universal public-health disorders. Essential oils and essential oils Nano emulsions have a sufficient antibacterial performance against a variety of bacteria especially multi-drug resistant bacteria. Probiotics showed several health benefits via moderating the GIT microbiota and their metabolites. Aim: The study was designed for evaluating the biocontrol ability of cinnamon essential oil Nano emulsion and probiotics as natural antibacterial additives and reveal their bactericidal mechanism. Methods: 250 random samples (50 raw milk, 50 rice pudding, 50 kariesh cheese, 50 yoghurt and 50 ice cream) were purchased separately from different areas in Mansoura city, Egypt and exposed to bacteriological analysis. Results: Bacillus cereus was found with the highest mean value of 66x107 ± 1.3x108 CFU/g in raw milk and the lowest mean value of 28x107 ± 2.6x107 CFU/g in kariesh cheese while Yersinia enterocolitica were found in 64% of the total inspected samples with the highest incidence (84%) in yoghurt. The toxinogenic potential of the tested pathogens have been evaluated by multiplex PCR pointing nhe A and ces genes for Bacillus cereus isolates while targeting in Y. enterocolitica 16s rRNA, and YST gene. Different concentrations (0.17%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) of cinnamon oil Nano emulsion were employed in this study. CEO (Cinnamon essential oil) Nano emulsion had the highest reduction rate at a concentration of 1.5% in case of Bacillus cereus and 2% in case of Y. enterocolitica. Among different types of probiotics, the best one which showed inhibitory potential against Bacillus cereus and Y. enterocolitica was L. plantarum. Conclusion: L. plantarum and CEO Nano emulsion at a concentration of 2% have the highest reduction rate against Y. enterocolitica while, L. plantarum and CEO Nano emulsion at a concentration of 1.5% have the best antibacterial effect against Bacillus cereus. In conclusion, more attention is required for both safety and quality in dairy products through application of natural additives as essential oils and probiotics.
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Srivastava, Saloni, Supriyo Saha, and Vikash Jakhmola. "Nanogel: Types, Methods of Preparation, Limitation, Evaluation and Application – A Systematic Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 04 (2023): 1631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.4.77.
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Nanogels combine the characteristics of nanomaterials with hydrogels. To meet the expanding demands from various areas, a sizable number of nanogels have been designed and manufactured using the emulsion solvent diffusion nano precipitated method, emulsion evaporation of the solvent method, reverse micellar method and modified diffusion emulsification method. Thermosensitive nanogel, pH-sensitive nanogel, ultrasound-sensitive magnetic response, response to multiple stimuli, chain transfer polymerization, photo-induced crosslinking polymerization and modifications for active targeting are the types of nanogels based on response towards stimuli and polysaccharide, chitosan, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, cyclodextrin, gum acacia, protein are used to prepare nanogel. Nanogels have considerable potential and novelty within the biomedical sector due to their uniformity, adjustable dimensions, little toxicity, resilience in the presence of serum, and capacity for responsive behavior with a comparatively high drug encapsulation capacity. Nanogels have considerable potential in bioactive substance delivery, organ targeting, and chemotherapy. The article highlighted the preparation, types, evaluation and applicability of nanogel as a targeted delivery system.
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Dawood, Nuhad B., Adnan A. AbdulRazak, and Adel S. Hamadi. "Optimizing Nano Metalworking Emulsions Preparation Using Response Surface Method." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 2A (2021): 214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i2a.1768.
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Nano emulsions (NEs) have important prospective advantages for assured industrials applications especially Metalworking fluids (MWFs), due to their Nano size, stability, than other types of traditional emulsions. In this work paraffin oil, water and mixture of surfactants Span20 & Tween20 are utilized for preparation of the MWF. A quadratic model was developed by applying the response surface method (RSM) to relate the droplets size and emulsion stability as a response to five independent variables namely the speed and time of mixing, concentration of the surfactant, Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value and pH value. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted; the results confirm the high significance of the regression model. The predicted values were found to be satisfactory with that experimental value. Mixing speed exerted the highest effect on the droplet size and the stability of the emulsion. The optimum conditions were found be (the concentration = 4.75 wt.%, time of mixing = 18.12 min, speed of mixing 14998.93 rpm, pH = 10.01 and HLB = 10.87) to attained Nano emulsion with 2 nm in size and stability of 24 days. Tool wear and surface roughness were studied at different speed, the results have showed that the wear ratio of the bits for all selected speeds is as follow: using commercial fluid > MWFs. The metallurgical microscope images have showed that, in case using MWFs the surface of cracks between the metals and the tool is more smooth compare with other fluids
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Minh Duc, Tran, and Tran The Long. "Investigation of Nano Cutting Oil Effects on Hard Milling Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication." Journal of Materials and Engineering 2, no. 4 (2024): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.61552/jme.2024.04.010.
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The presented work aims to investigate minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) using cutting oil with/without Al2O3 nanoparticles for hard milling of 60Si2Mn steel (50-52 HRC) using carbide inserts. The effects of three different types of based cutting oils including emulsion, soybean oil and rapeseed oil on surface roughness Ra, Rz and tool life were studied and investigated. The experimental results show that the use of Al2O3 nano cutting oil has improved lubrication capability compared to base cutting oil, contributing to improve machined surface quality and tool life. Al2O3 emulsion-based nanofluid exhibited the best performance among the three surveyed oils, followed by rapeseed oil and finally soybean oil. Furthermore, the cutting speed of the carbide inserts was improved and the tool life was significantly increased with the help of nano cutting oil due to the improvement in lubrication effects in the cutting zone, thereby helping to reduce cutting forces and cutting heat.
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MEDELEANU, Mădălina Lorena, Anca Corina FĂRCAȘ, Cristina COMAN, et al. "Citrus essential oils nano-emulsions: formulation and characterization." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 81, no. 2 (2024): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2024.0011.
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The use of citrus essential oils nano-emulsions (CEO-NE) plays a crucial role in enhancing food safety. This is achieved through various mechanisms such as the enhancement of organoleptic properties, increased bioavailability of bioactive components from essential oils, controlled release of key compounds for long-term efficacy, and extension of the shelf life of food and beverages (antioxidant and antimicrobial activity). In this work, CEO-NEs, formulated with different types of citrus essential oils, Tween 80, and alcohol, were obtained by magnetic stirring combined with ultrasound method. The main component of CEO-NEs was D-limonene (31.37 % bergamot-loaded nano-emulsions, 48.81 % tangerine-loaded nano-emulsions, 87.82 % orange-loaded nano-emulsions, 87.09 % grapefruit-loaded nano-emulsions, 48.53 % lemon-loaded nano-emulsions). The selected formulations demonstrated a mean droplet diameter of 47.285 nm. The nano-emulsions were stable even after 30 days of storage (except tangerine nano-emulsions). The bergamot-loaded nano-emulsion had the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, while Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes seemed to be more resistant to citrus nano-emulsions.
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Singh, Sukhbir, Neelam Sharma, Tapan Behl, et al. "Promising Strategies of Colloidal Drug Delivery-Based Approaches in Psoriasis Management." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 11 (2021): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111978.
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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that moderately affects social and interpersonal relationships. Conventional treatments for psoriasis have certain problems, such as poor drug penetration through the skin, hyper-pigmentation, and a burning sensation on normal and diseased skin. Colloidal drug delivery systems overcome the pitfalls of conventional approaches for psoriasis therapeutics and have improved patient safety parameters, compliance, and superior effectiveness. They also entail reduced toxicity. This comprehensive review’s topics include the pathogenesis of psoriasis, causes and types of psoriasis, conventional treatment alternatives for psoriasis, the need for colloidal drug delivery systems, and recent studies in colloidal drug delivery systems for the treatment of psoriasis. This review briefly describes colloidal drug delivery approaches, such as emulsion systems—i.e., multiple emulsion, microemulsion, and nano-emulsion; vesicular systems—i.e., liposomes, ethosomes, noisomes, and transferosomes; and particulate systems—i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid microparticles, nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, nanocrystals, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles. The review was compiled through an extensive search of the literature through the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. A survey of literature revealed seven formulations based upon emulsion systems, six vesicular drug delivery systems, and fourteen particulate systems reported for antipsoriatic drugs. Based on the literature studies of colloidal approaches for psoriasis management carried out in recent years, it has been concluded that colloidal pharmaceutical formulations could be investigated broadly and have a broad scope for effective management of many skin disorders in the coming decades.
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Trivana, Linda, Nugraha E. Suyatma, Dase Hunaefi, and S. Joni Munarso. "Effect of Surfactant Addition on The Physico-Chemical Properties and Stability of Virgin Coconut Oil Nanoemulsions." Buletin Palma 22, no. 1 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bp.v22n1.2021.31-42.
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<p>Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is high quality coconut oil and categorized as the healthiest oil and functional foods. Based on these benefits, the development of a VCO in emulsion product might increase the human consumption of coconut oil because consumers dislike the only taste of pure VCO. The aim of this study was to develop the water compatible form of VCO through nano-emulsification. The effect of different types and amounts of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80) on the physio-chemical characteristic of emulsion containing VCO was investigated. VCO based emulsions were prepared with the aid of Ultra-Turrax homogenizer. Emulsions were developed by adding and mixing VCO with surfactants. The ratio of Tween 80 and Span 80 used were 0:10, 2.5:7.5, 5:5, 7.5:2.5, and 10:0. The droplet size of nanoemulsions consisting of Tween 80:Span 80 (0:10, 2.5:7.5, 5:5, 7.5:2.5, and 10:0) were 1.343, 0.606, 0.829, 1.439, and 2.506µm, respectively. Based on the TEM analysis and polydispersity index (PDI) &gt;0.5 showed the oil droplets are in not uniform shape, indicating a unstable emulsion. VCO emulsion with ratio Tween 80:Span 80 (0:10) obtained a homogeneous emulsion (stable) compare than that of others and w/o type emulsion. The stability of emulsion is evaluated by turbidity measurement using UV-VIS spectrophotometer with wavelength 502 nm. A combination of treatments (ambient condition, thermal treatmeant (40°C)), and centrifuge) of VCO emulsion has resulted on thermal treat, the turbidity measured from the emulsion was higher than the other emulsion, reflecting the presence of the smaller droplets in this emulsion.</p>
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D, Prasanthi, Sagarla Usharani, and Naredla Bhashpitha. "Pharmaceutical Carrier’s for Topical Drug Delivery System." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 11, no. 4 (2023): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i4.1294.
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Beginning with a revenue breakdown of this specific market, this study seeks to describe the intricate world of drug carriers. A quick introduction of various different types of traditional and cutting-edge drug carrier systems is provided in the section that follows.Avariety of topical active substances, such as sunscreen ingredients, corticosteroids, and antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents, can be delivered via foam technology. Ointments are semisolids used for external skin or mucous membrane treatment. Less than 20% of them often contain water and volatiles. Targeted medication delivery to and through the skin has a lot of potential using nano systems like micro emulsions and nano emulsions. By lowering surface and inter facial tension and increasing the viscosity of the aqueous phase, nanoemulgel improves a stable nano emulsion formulation. The various carrier types that the authors used in their formulation and conclusion have been added as a final effort for this work, highlighting the need to establish a strong double link between the newly developed industrial processes and the flexibility of medication delivery systems that is so desperately neededfor use with people.
 
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Kim, Sunnam, Sho Moriya, Sakura Maruki, Tuyoshi Fukaminato, Tomonari Ogata, and Seiji Kurihara. "Adsorption and release on three-dimensional graphene oxide network structures." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 5 (2021): 201585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201585.
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In this study, three-dimensional network architectures are constructed using nano-sized graphene oxide (nGO) as the building block. The cross-linking reaction of nGO is conducted in sub-micrometre water droplets in an emulsion system to control the size of the networks by restricting the reaction space. Two types of three-dimensional GO networks with different cross-linking lengths were constructed, and their methyl orange adsorption and release behaviours were investigated under external stimuli, such as thermal treatment, ultrasonic wave treatment and near-infrared light irradiation.
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Ogrodowska, Dorota, Iwona Zofia Konopka, Grzegorz Dąbrowski, et al. "Impact of Wall Material Composition (Maltodextrin vs. Inulin vs. Nutriose) and Emulsion Preparation System (Nano- vs. Microemulsion) on Properties of Spray-Dried Linseed Oil." Molecules 30, no. 1 (2025): 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30010171.
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The aim of this study was to compare the functional properties of linseed oil powders made of three types of wall material (OSA starch + maltodextrin, OSA starch + nutriose, and OSA starch + inulin) and two types of emulsion phases (micro- and nanoemulsion). For these independent variables, the properties of the prepared emulsions (flow curves and viscosity) and the resulting powders (encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, water activity, bulk and tapped density, Carr’s index, color parameters, and thermal stability) were determined. The results showed that emulsion viscosity and most powder properties were affected by the emulsion type. All emulsions demonstrated Newtonian-like behavior, with viscosity values ranging from 29.07 to 48.26 mPa·s. The addition of nutriose induced the most significant variation in this parameter, with nanoemulsification leading to a 1.6-fold increase in viscosity compared to microemulsification. The application of nanoemulsification to prepare the emulsions prior to spray-drying resulted in powders with lower surface oil content (by 78.8–88.5%), tapped density (by 1.7–14.2%), and Carr’s index (by 7.6–14.0%), as well as higher encapsulation efficiency (by 5.9–17.0%). The decreased oxidative stability (by 30.9–51.1%) of powders obtained from nanoemulsified emulsions was related to 4.7–15.9-fold lower surface oil content. Powders produced using inulin as the wall material had the smallest and most uniform particle sizes, showing minimal variation between powders derived from nano- and microemulsified emulsions.
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Miklečić, Josip, Martina Zeljko, Sanja Lučić Blagojević, and Vlatka Jirouš-Rajković. "The Effect of Polyacrylate Emulsion Coating with Unmodified and Modified Nano-TiO2 on Weathering Resistance of Untreated and Heat-Treated Wood." Polymers 16, no. 4 (2024): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16040511.
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In this research, the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and their modifications on the weathering resistance of untreated and heat-treated wood was studied. The wood samples were coated with polyacrylate waterborne emulsion coatings that contain nano-TiO2 in the amount of 0.75 wt.%. Two types of modifiers were used to modify the nano-TiO2 surface: 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride (AIBA) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (AMPTS). Coated and uncoated wood samples were exposed to accelerated weathering by application of sunlight, water and moisture for 360 h. During the research, the dry film thickness, color, gloss and hardness of the surface of the samples were measured. The obtained results showed that the effect of the addition and surface modification of nano-TiO2 on the color and gloss stability was different on untreated and heat-treated ash wood, and that accelerated weathering causes an increase in surface hardness and a decrease in thickness of the dry coating.
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Sakib, Shikalgar, Ashvini Khule Miss., and Avinash Godse Mr. "A Review on Novel Drug Delivery System Nanoemulsion." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 05, no. 09 (2022): 3616–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7093088.
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<strong>ABSTRACT:</strong> various researcher are innovate a replacement therapy regarding improvement of drug action. Improve drugs absorption, distribution also we improve its efficacy. Amongst that a replacement innovative technology are develops. A nanoemulsion is technique to enhance the solubility, bioavability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodinemics of medicine .in this review article us familiar about the novel technique nanoemulsion and its preparation methods, charactorization of nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion has been identified as a promising delivery system for various drugs including biopharmaceuticals. Nanoemulsion may be a heterogeneous system composed of one immiscible liquid dispersed as droplets within another liquid. The droplets size of nano emulsion is between 20 to 500 nm. Diameter and surface properties of droplets of nanoemulsion plays a crucial role in the biological behavior of the formulation. Small droplet sizes cause transparent emulsions so that product appearance is not altered by the addition of an oil phase during this paper various aspects of nanoemulsion have been discussed including advantages, disadvantages and methods of preparation. Furthermore new approaches of stability of formulation, effect of types and concentration of surfactant, process variables and method also are discussed to improve the stability of nanoemulsion formulation.
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Nikeghbal, Kiana, Zahra Zamanian, Shoaleh Shahidi, Gianrico Spagnuolo, and Parisa Soltani. "Designing and Fabricating Nano-Structured and Micro-Structured Radiation Shields for Protection against CBCT Exposure." Materials 13, no. 19 (2020): 4371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194371.
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Researchers have always been interested in finding new and effective materials for protection against radiation. This experimental study aimed to design and fabricate new types of nano-material and micro-material based shields against the ionizing effect of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) X-rays. To fabricate a flexible prototype, we added dioctyl phthalate (DOP) oil to emulsion polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder. The paste was mixed and dispersed. Then, nano- and micro-powders of WO3 and Bi2O3 were added to the paste, with the weight ratio of 20% PVC, 20% DOP, and 60% nano- and micro-metals. Using an ultrasonic mixer, the polymer matrix and metals were mixed and a paste with a thick texture was developed. The resultant paste was poured into glass molds and the molds were then heated in an oven. After cooling, the resultant sheets were selected for further experiments. A CBCT unit and dosimeter were used to evaluate the characterization and X-ray shielding properties of the fabricated prototypes. The half-value layers (HVL) for nano-WO3, micro-WO3, nano-Bi2O3, and micro-Bi2O3 were 0.0390, 0.0524, 0.0351, and 0.0374 cm, respectively. In addition, the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) for these materials were 17.77, 13.20, 19.71, and 18.5 cm−1, respectively. The findings indicate that nano-structured samples are more effective in the attenuation of X-ray energy. The nano-structured WO3 prototype was nearly 34% more efficient in attenuating radiation compared to the micro-structured WO3 prototype. This difference in nano- and micro-structured Bi2O3 prototypes was 6.5%.
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Khusna, Amaliatul, Chatarina Lilis Suryani, Thunnalin Winuprasith, Saptya Fajar Pertiwi, Erista Adisetya, and Ichlasia Ainul Fitri. "Pengaruh Penambahan Nanoselulosa terhadap Stabilitas Emulsi Santan sebagai Enkapsulan Kurkumin: Stabilitas Emulsi dan Kurkumin." Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan 34, no. 2 (2023): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2023.34.2.166.
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Curcumin is a bioactive compound characterized by its non-polar nature and low stability. Encapsula-tion of curcumin using emulsion system such as coconut milk can increase its stability. However, emulsion systems tend to become unstable during food processing and storage. Therefore, stabilizers and emulsifiers are necessary to ensure stability. Natural stabilizers are preferred over synthetic ones. In this study, nano-celluloses, including nanocrystalline and nanofibrillated cellulose, were used as a stabilizer, and whey pro-tein isolate (WPI) was used as an emulsifier. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different types and concentrations of nanocellulose on the stability of curcumin and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions in coconut milk. Two types of commercial nanocellulose materials were utilized: nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Additionally, a combination of both NCC and NFC was used at concentrations of 0.125 and 0.25% (w/w). The results revealed that the viscosity increased as the concentration of nanocellulose increased. The particle size increased at higher concentrations of NFC and the combination of NCC and NFC, while it decreased with increasing NCC concentration. The lightness va-lue (L*) decreased with higher concentrations of nanocellulose in all sample types. However, this difference was not visually significant. In terms of curcumin stability, the addition of nanocellulose, particularly NFC at a concentration of 0.25%, led to an increase in stability. Higher viscosity resulted in an extended shelf life because it slowed down the rate of creaming index as compared to the control emulsion. Increasing the concentration of nanocellulose enhanced the effectiveness of maintaining the stability of curcumin and oil-in-water emulsions in coconut milk due to the higher viscosity. NFC as well as the combination of NFC and NCC at a concentration of 0.25% proved to be the most preferable option for achieving the highest stability.
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Ozor, Joshua Emeka, Oludayo Sofoluwe, and Dazok Donald Jambol. "Next-Generation Micro emulsion Breaker Technologies for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Technical Review with Field-Based Evaluation." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 2, no. 1 (2021): 374–81. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2021.2.2.374-381.
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Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operations in complex reservoirs frequently contend with persistent crude oil-water emulsions, necessitating the use of chemical breakers to separate phases and improve hydrocarbon recovery. Traditional emulsion breaker technologies often suffer from limited efficacy under reservoir-specific conditions such as high salinity, extreme temperatures, and heterogeneous fluid compositions. This paper presents a comprehensive technical review of next-generation microemulsion breaker technologies, emphasizing their chemical architectures, performance mechanisms, and field-reported capabilities. Building upon the theoretical principles of microemulsion systems—comprising surfactants, co-surfactants, oil, and water phases—the study explores classification schemes (Winsor types), interfacial phenomena, and thermodynamic stability factors that influence efficacy in EOR applications. The review further evaluates emerging trends in high-performance surfactants, nano-enhanced systems, and stimuli-responsive formulations that exhibit superior emulsion breaking efficiency and environmental compatibility. By analyzing laboratory-to-field transition metrics and published field performance indicators, the study identifies critical enablers and deployment barriers. Finally, it outlines future research pathways, including AI-guided formulation development and multifunctional chemical design, that hold promise for scalable, efficient, and sustainable EOR implementations.
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Devi, Sheetal, Shailendra Bhatt, Vipin Saini, Manish Kumar, and Aman Deep. "A Review on Polymeric Nano Micelles Based Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 10, no. 5 (2020): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666190717162913.
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Introduction: Many nanoformulations have been designed and evaluated for ocular drug delivery system consistently. These nanoformulations are designed for prolonged retention and course time, stable, efficient and reversible drug loading. The ocular bioavailability is very less when the drug is given through topically. Various anatomical and physiological limitations, for example, tear turnover, nasal lachrymal waste, reflex squinting, and visual static and dynamic hindrances cause the challenges and delay the ocular drug permeation because of the limitation that less than 5% dose can reach into the ocular tissues. Different types of Polymeric micelles were prepared to overcome the above challenges. Polymeric nano micelles are prepared by different methods, such as direct dissolution, dialysis method, Oil-in-water emulsion, solvent evaporation, co-solvent evaporation, and freeze-drying method.
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Kapolos, John, Dimitra Giannopoulou, Konstantinos Papadimitriou, and Athanasia Koliadima. "A Comprehensive Review of Emulsion-Based Nisin Delivery Systems for Food Safety." Foods 14, no. 8 (2025): 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14081338.
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Foodborne diseases are one of the most serious problems the food sector has to confront, while questions have been raised concerning the effects of several antimicrobial additives on consumer health. Nisin is a peptide produced primarily by Lactococcus lactis with antimicrobial properties mostly against Gram-positive bacteria. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in a wide range of food categories. However, its interaction with components of the food matrix, its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, or the competitive presence of other components may limit its activity. To enhance its effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria, its combination with essential oils or other antimicrobial components has been investigated. In addition, its encapsulation in several types of nano-delivery systems has been used to protect nisin from food matrix sequestering while regulating its release. In this review, we present how nisin is utilized, alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents in a range of emulsion types, as well as the standard techniques for the physicochemical characterization of these systems.
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Umar, Mursyidah, Sapitri Sapitri, Novia Rita, and Rizka Haswinda Putri. "Sosialisasi Hasil Penelitian Nanomaterial sebagai Demulsifier pada Emulsi O/W Sumur-X di PT. SPR Langgak." PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 9, no. 10 (2024): 1796–802. https://doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v9i10.7559.
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The problem of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is still a concern for the oil and gas industry. This is because the emulsion will have an impact on the scale in the flowline, production line, and gathering station and corrosion in the pipeline and will also hurt the environment. Therefore, the PKM TEAM, Faculty of Engineering, and Islamic University of Riau held service activities at PT. SPR Langgak to disseminate research results regarding the use of new materials in the form of nano-graphene oxide (GO) materials as demulsifiers for O/W emulsions. In this socialization, data on the volume of oil that has been separated from the water will be presented, and how much residual oil concentration is in the separated water content will also be socialized. Then, it will be stated that nano-GO can reduce turbidity, TDS, and salinity of water separated from oil compared to the standards set by the Minister of Environment Regulation. It is hoped that this activity will increase the knowledge of the oil industry in the development of new types of demulsifier materials today.
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Kathole, Khushi S., Pooja Ramdas Hatwar, Ravindra L. Bakal, and Vaishnavi G. Karule. "Nano technology-based drug delivery systems and herbal medicine." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 15, no. 3 (2025): 133–41. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i3.7017.
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Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of herbal medicine by enhancing the bioavailability and efficacy of phytoconstituents. This review article discusses the application of nanotechnology in herbal medicine, including the use of nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanoemulsions for targeted drug delivery. The advantages of nanotechnology-based herbal formulations, such as improved solubility, stability, and bioavailability, are highlighted. Additionally, the review discusses the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The article also explores the various types of nanocarriers used in herbal medicine, including polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. The role of nanotechnology in enhancing the permeability and retention of herbal medicines in the body is also discussed. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of nanotechnology in herbal medicine, highlighting its potential in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of phytoconstituents. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Herbal medicine, Liposomes, Nanosuspension, Nano emulsion.
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Espinoza-Leandro, Yuly Kety, Luis Olivera-Montenegro, and Perla Paredes-Concepción. "Meat, dairy and vegetable emulsions: Recent innovations in the development of functional, healthy and more stable foods." Scientia Agropecuaria 14, no. 2 (2023): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.018.
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Applications of formulations that incorporate emulsified oils offer interesting prospects for producing foods with better characteristics that are in line with the new trends in healthy eating and the new regulations on nutritional claims. This review defines and classifies the types of emulsions according to their drop size, formulation and analyzes the latest research related to the application of emulsions in the food industry. It presents valuable information on the use of micro, nano and macro emulsions for the preparation of meat, dairy and vegetable products as a potential alternative in the transport of bioactive compounds, reformulations with better lipid profiles and substitution ingredients of meat origin by ingredients of plant origin, obtaining foods with acceptable functional and sensory properties. New advances in the emulsion industry open up great possibilities in the delivery of health products, however, there are still limitations in the use of ingredients of plant origin in products formulated in considerable percentages with ingredients of animal origin. There are opportunities to improve the technology of food emulsion, the application at an industrial level is a step that is being taken little by little in congruence with the economic viability of the use of vegetable oils in the reformulation and the demand of current consumers for delivery of products with a clean label. It is suggested to study the economic feasibility of the industrial application of the use of single and double emulsion systems as a substitute ingredient for animal fats.
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Ihtasham Ali, Abdul Salam, and Talha Saleem. "Use of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiform; A Review." Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 370–92. https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v3i1.222.
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A malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis and few available treatments is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses challenges for therapeutic agents reaching the tumor site. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) have emerged as a promising solution to get better outcomes in GBM therapy. LBNPs include liposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNP), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLPs), lipid Nano emulsion (LNE), and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). The compromised BBB restricts the amount of medication that can flow through it and prevents it from reaching the tumor location. This review discusses the status of LNPs in GBM treatment, their types, and mechanisms of action, advantages and challenges, including toxicity, reproducibility and targeting ability. The review also explores the combination of LNPs with radiation therapy and immunotherapy to enhance therapy results.
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Ellibeş Gökkaya, Tuğba Nur, Zülbiye Demirtürk, Fevzi Uçkan, and Serap Mert. "Alterations Induced by Nano-Polystyrene Administration in Biological Parameters of Host-Endoparasitoids (Galleria mellonella and Pimpla turionellae) and Host Hemocyte Counts." Commagene Journal of Biology 9, no. 1 (2025): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1632392.
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Plastic pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment and human health. Micro and nanoplastics are encountered in many areas of our daily lives and may accumulate in organisms, causing reduced life span, genotoxicity, and altered metabolism. Plastic pollution around the environment may lead to reductions in insect biodiversity and populations. It may also lead to the collapse of food webs and ecosystems of organisms that feed on them in the food chain. Therefore, the effects of nano-polystyrene (PSs) on the life cycle, biological characteristics, total hemocyte count (THCs) of the host, and hemocyte types of the model organism Galleria mellonella and its endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae were investigated. Nano-PSs were produced according to the single emulsion solvent evaporation method and larval feeds were prepared with solutions of different concentrations. These diets were given to the larvae until they developed. The developmental time of the host-larvae fed with nano-PS-containing diets and the parasitoids that emerged using the pupae of these larvae as hosts were shortened. While the host adult weight and size increased, the weight of the parasitoid decreased. Dose-dependent decreases in THCs were observed. Prohemocyte, plasmatocyte, oenocytoid, and spherulocyte counts decreased, while granulocyte counts increased. Furthermore, the changes in the biology of the host exposed to nano-PSs indirectly affected the endoparasitoids. In addition, this study emphasizes that nanoplastic toxicity in honey-bees is generally ignored and that the consumption of bee products may pose potential hazards to human health. This reveals the crucial role of taking necessary precautions in beekeeping.
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B, Senthilnathan, Billy Graham R, Chaarmila Sherin C, Vivekanandan K, and Bhavya E. "Anticancer Nano Formulation of Imatinib with Chitosan Polymer." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 9, no. 01 (2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.9.1.10.
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Objective: Drug targeting is the capacity of the dosage form. In which the therapeutic agent acts specifically to desired site of action in the non-targeted tissue with the help of Nano particles is called as the drug targeting. IMATINIB is a used to treat cancer by chemo therapy. Cancers like chronic myeloid leukemia cancer (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cancer (ALL) and other specific types of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST) systemic mast cell disease and Bone marrow failure disorder. It is administered by oral root. For ATP, Tyrosine kinase is act as a binding site. Methodology: The drug IMATINIB is loaded in the polymer chitosan, poly-(D) glucosamine is a bio compactible, bio degradable, nontoxic, antimicrobial and soluble in solvents. This preparation is done by emulsion-droplet coalescence method. Content of the Drug, Size of the particle and Zeta potential, Encapsulation efficiency and Drug release testing are described for this formulation in this study. Results: The Imatinib Nano particles were formulated and evaluated for its invitro drug release profile. Based on the invitro drug release profile of Imatinib nano particles formulation (INP1 – INP5) formulation INP3 was selected as the best formulation in which the particle size was 285.9nm. The invitro % drug release of INP3 formulation was 99.76 ± 0.82 and it was found to be the suitable formulation to manage the cancer. Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that the newly formulated controlled release nanoparticle drug delivery system of Imatinib may be idol and effective by allowing the drug to release continuously for 24 hrs.
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Guerreiro, Adriana C., Custódia Gago, Dário Passos, et al. "Edible Coatings Enhance Storability and Preserve Quality of Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta L.) cv. Ken’s Red." Horticulturae 11, no. 1 (2025): 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11010105.
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Kiwiberries, an emerging fruit variety with increasing consumer demand, face significant commercialization challenges due to their short shelf life. This study evaluates the effectiveness of edible alginate-based coatings in extending the shelf life of kiwiberries. Two emulsion types—coarse (Coarse) and nanoemulsions (Nano)—and two application methods—spraying (Spray) and dipping (Dip)—were tested. Additionally, the use of visible/near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy for non-destructive quality monitoring was explored. Coatings were prepared with 2% (w/v) alginate (SAlg) enriched with eugenol (Eg) and citral (Ct) at their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.10% and 0.15%, respectively, as well as at double these concentrations. This resulted in a total of ten different treatments. The fruits were stored at approximately 5 °C, with evaluations conducted after 5 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. Quality parameters, including color, firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), dry matter, weight loss, decay, total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, DPPH, FRAP, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were analyzed. Over the storage period, color and SSC increased, while firmness decreased. Weight loss and MDA levels showed the most significant changes, particularly in treatments with higher essential oil concentrations. Notably, treatments such as SAlg Spray, SAlg Dip, SAlg Ct 0.15 + Eg 0.1 Nano Spray, SAlg Ct 0.15 + Eg 0.1 Nano Dip, and SAlg Ct 0.15 + Eg 0.1 Coarse Dip demonstrated superior preservation of kiwiberry quality. Moreover, Vis-NIR spectroscopy proved valuable for distinguishing between coating treatments, highlighting its potential for non-destructive quality assessment.
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Panagiotou, Thomai, and Robert J. Fisher. "Producing micron- and nano-size formulations for functional foods applications." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 3, no. 7 (2013): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v3i7.48.
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Background: Nutrient deficiencies affect the health and wellness of large populations around the world. For example, the majority suffer from vitamin, essential fatty acid (such as omega-3), dietary fiber, and other important ingredient deficiencies due to their limited supply in the human food chain. Current trends in the nutraceutics industry to place these substances in higher. more-efficiently dispersed quantities in our food have become critically essential to their business plans. Nutrients in the form of small solids or droplets improve bioavailability. However, there remain numerous barriers to successful implementation of cost effective manufacturing processes. These challenges are addressed in the work presented here with particular focus on stability, bioavailability, and consumer acceptance. The goal is to develop large scale manufacturing systems that implement efficient platform technologies, with their respective operational maps, to produce functional food formulations, with particle sizes of these specially formulated nutraceutical ingredients in the micron-and nano- range.Objective: Demonstrating that stable micron- and nano-size emulsions, liposomes, and aqueous suspensions of functional food formulations can be produced using both “top down” and “bottom up” methods is our main objective. Addressing the challenges associated with the incorporation of these ingredients into large scale manufacturing systems, mainly mechanical stability and related shelf-life issues, is also a focus. That is, to develop proper processing protocols providing improved quality foods enriched with ingredients that are in limited supply in our food chain; to enhance human health and wellness world-wide.Methods: The formulations considered here typical of those used for increasing bioavailability of the infused, specially formulated ingredients with anti-cancer, anti-aging, and in-general wellness properties, lowering fat content and enhancing the shelf-life stability. Included are (a) an oil-in-water (fish oil/omega-3) emulsion, (b) liposome chaperones to vitamin C, and (c) aqueous suspensions (curcumin crystals, lutein/carotenoids, and fiber in soy milk). The production techniques include both “top-down” particle size reduction and “bottom-up” formation of crystals/precipitates via solubility adjustments. Both techniques are based on high shear processing of multiple liquid feeds. Using an impinging jet system, micro-mixing scales less than 100 nm were obtained.Results: (a) All nano-emulsion types, single, double and larger, either as oil-in-water and water-in-oil, can effectively be produced from various formulations using “top-down” methods. Illustrated here are single, oil-in-water systems; concentrations of 12-14 wt. % fish oil/omega-3 were mixed with water containing food grade surfactants. The high shear processing produced stable, submicron particles; with median particle sizes of 119-163 nm, no particles larger than 1 micron, and the “fish” odor was suppressed. Pertinent discussions related to the other types are also given as suggested path forward approaches for the development of nutrient enriched functional foods. This includes water-in-oil formulations for reduced fat content and the delivery of multiple species via double and triple emulsions, as compared to liposome configurations. (b) Although liposomes may be used to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances, we selected liposomal vitamin C as our initial proof-of-concept system since it is absorbed into the body over four times more easily than its non-encapsulated form. After top down processing, the median size was 200 nm, compared to a median size of about 5 microns obtained by traditional self-assembly protocols. (b) Aqueous suspensions of micron- and nano- size formulations were also accomplished. The top down size reduction technique was used for processing soy bean fibers and lutein and the bottom-up method used for curcumin crystals. The fibers initially had a median size of 150 microns and a bi-modal distribution was obtained after processing; 99% of the particles were smaller than 15 microns with median sizes at 10 microns and the larger peak at about 200 nm. The curcumin submicron particles were formed via anti-solvent crystallization; with stable particles in the range of 300-500 nm. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that stable micron- and nano-size emulsions, liposomes, and aqueous suspensions can be produced using both “top down” and “bottom up” methods. The formulation properties, in terms of particle size and stability, strongly depend on the processing parameters used in terms of energy input and temperature history. The energy requirements of the “bottom up” methods may be substantially lower than those of “top down” methods. Although some of the processes presented here have been scaled up to commercial levels, more work is needed in terms of fully assessing the bioavailability of the produced formulations and optimizing the processes to minimize cost. Key words: nano-emulsion, nano-suspension, high-shear processing, crystallization, curcumin, fish oil, liposomal vitamins: C and E, lutein, nutraceuticals, omega-3, soybean fiber
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Gao, Chengcheng, Ni Zhang, Ying Chen, Fengwei Xie, Linghan Meng, and Xiaozhi Tang. "Enhancing the Hydrophobicity of Chitosan Films Through Hierarchical Plant Wax Particles and Dilute Chitosan Solution Coatings." Foods 14, no. 4 (2025): 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14040610.
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The strong hydrophilicity of chitosan-based films limits their practical applications. To enhance the hydrophobicity of these films, hierarchical carnauba wax particles were prepared using the Pickering emulsion method and subsequently coated onto the film surfaces. The wax was stabilized with various types and concentrations of TiO2. The resulting wax particles exhibited a micro-scale structure, with nano-scale TiO2 and micro-scale TiO2 aggregates present on the surface. No significant differences in contact angle were observed among these particles. Hydrophilic TiO2 demonstrated smaller sliding angles and particle sizes. To improve the mechanical durability and compatibility of the wax particles with the chitosan matrix, the wax particles were mixed with a diluted chitosan solution before coating. As the concentration of wax particles increased and the concentration of chitosan solution decreased, more wax particles became exposed on the surface. This exposure increased the roughness of the coatings, resulting in a significant increase in contact angle and a decrease in sliding angle. A high concentration of chitosan provided greater protection to wax particles during mechanical durability tests. Additionally, the residue rate of liquid foods on the coating films significantly decreased. This study demonstrates that the Pickering emulsion method is an effective approach for preparing hierarchical wax particles, and that mixing these particles with a polymer similar to the matrix can effectively improve mechanical durability.
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NOSHEEN, TABASSUM, SHAFIQ MUHAMMAD, KHALID HARREM, ARSHAD JAVED MUHAMMAD, and ALI QURBAN. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF AgNO3 AND ALOEVERA GEL + IRON NANO-PARTICLES COATINGS FOR NUTRITIONAL ATTRIBUTES AND SHELF LIFE ON CLIMACTERIC (MUSA ACUMINATE L.) AND NON-CLIMACTERIC (CITRUS SINENSIS L.) FRUITS." Tianjin Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue yu Gongcheng Jishu Ban)/ Journal of Tianjin University Science and Technology 56, no. 09 (2023): 73–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343430.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> A comparative study was conducted to assess the roles of silver nitrate, aloevera gel and iron nano-particles on the post-harvest quality and shelf life of banana (<em>Musa acuminata</em>) and citrus (<em>citrus</em> <em>sinensis</em>) for 20 days. The parameter studied were shelf life, fruit length, weight, diameter, firmness, pulp weight, peel weight, pulp to peel ratio, pulp pH, total soluble solids, and total phenolic content. The results showed that T4 (AVG + nano-emulsions in 5:0.5) significantly improved the shelf life of both banana and citrus fruits. Climacteric and non-climacteric (both types of) fruits responded equally well to the combination of aloevera gel and nano-emulsions. In terms of fruit length, none of the treatments had a significant effect on banana. T3 (AVG + nano-emulsions in 10:1) showed significant results for banana fruit weight. In citrus, 1% AgNO3 had the best results for fruit weight, while T3 (AVG + nano-emulsions in 10:1) showed the best results for fruit diameter. T1 (1% AgNO3) and T3 (AVG + nano-emulsions in 10:1) were effective in maintaining fruit firmness for a longer duration in both banana and citrus. T3 (AVG + nano-emulsions in 10:1) was effective in maintaining peel weight in both banana and citrus. However, in citrus, this combination was not significantly different from the control, and other treatments did not perform better than the control. For pulp weight, 1% AgNO3 had significant effects in citrus, while 0.5% AgNO3 performed better in banana. A 0.5% AgNO3 solution was also effective in maintaining pulp to peel ratio in both fruits. T3 (AVG + nano-emulsions in 10:1) performed best in maintaining pulp pH in banana, while T4 (AVG + nano-emulsions in 5:0.5) was excellent in maintaining citrus pulp pH. In terms of total soluble solids (TSS), the 5:0.5 solution of aloevera gel and nano-emulsions significantly influenced banana TSS, while 1% AgNO3 had a significant effect in increasing citrus TSS. Total phenolic content was significantly affected by the combination of aloevera gel and nano-emulsion concentrations in both banana and citrus. Overall, the effects of the treatments varied for different parameters and fruits. T4 (AVG + nano-emulsions in 5:0.5) showed the most significant improvement in shelf life for both banana and citrus. The combination of aloevera gel and nano-emulsions had positive effects on various parameters, and both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits responded well to these treatments.
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Bila, Alberto, and Ole Torsæter. "Experimental Investigation of Polymer-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for EOR under Harsh Reservoir Conditions of High Temperature and Salinity." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030765.
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Laboratory experiments have shown higher oil recovery with nanoparticle (NPs) flooding. Accordingly, many studies have investigated the nanoparticle-aided sweep efficiency of the injection fluid. The change in wettability and the reduction of the interfacial tension (IFT) are the two most proposed enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanisms of nanoparticles. Nevertheless, gaps still exist in terms of understanding the interactions induced by NPs that pave way for the mobilization of oil. This work investigated four types of polymer-coated silica NPs for oil recovery under harsh reservoir conditions of high temperature (60 ∘C) and salinity (38,380 ppm). Flooding experiments were conducted on neutral-wet core plugs in tertiary recovery mode. Nanoparticles were diluted to 0.1 wt.% concentration with seawater. The nano-aided sweep efficiency was studied via IFT and imbibition tests, and by examining the displacement pressure behavior. Flooding tests indicated incremental oil recovery between 1.51 and 6.13% of the original oil in place (OOIP). The oil sweep efficiency was affected by the reduction in core’s permeability induced by the aggregation/agglomeration of NPs in the pores. Different types of mechanisms, such as reduction in IFT, generation of in-situ emulsion, microscopic flow diversion and alteration of wettability, together, can explain the nano-EOR effect. However, it was found that the change in the rock wettability to more water-wet condition seemed to govern the sweeping efficiency. These experimental results are valuable addition to the data bank on the application of novel NPs injection in porous media and aid to understand the EOR mechanisms associated with the application of polymer-coated silica nanoparticles.
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Es-Saheb, Mahir, Yasser Fouad, and Khalid A. Ibrahim. "Characterization of electrospun pluronic F68/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers composites containing titanium dioxide, silver, and cobalt nanoparticles for biomedical applications." Materials Express 14, no. 1 (2024): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2024.2609.
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Nanoscale drug delivery systems and biomedical sensors are witnessing huge research interests. Polymeric nanoparticles, nanofibers, liposomes, and nano-emulsion are regarded as novel sensors and drug delivery systems including the various types of wound dressings formulated by micro/nanofibers, hydrogels, hydrocolloids, films, foams, and sponges. Consequently, the electro-spun nanofibrous mats received the most attention since the drugs and nanoparticles embedded nanofibers have been recognized as the potential candidates for sensors and wound dressing applications. These composite materials have superior surface area-to-volume ratio, high nano-porosity, distinct skin extracellular matrix structure, and ease of electro-spinning, which also supports a prolonged drug release. In this study the main advantages of the nano-fibrillary network and the active substances that can be incorporated in fabricating the composite nanofibers as sensors and wound dressing materials are discussed. The promising “Pluronic F68” and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), materials are used including nanoparticles (NPs) of titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver, and cobalt. The difficulties that arise by converting the Pluronic into nanofibers via electrospinning due to its low melting point and beads formation and the blending of this material with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are discussed. The electro-spinability of the pure Pluronic, PVA and their blends are evaluated. The microstructures and morphologies of the fabricated composite nanofibers and structures are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fabricated blended nanofibers were found to be compact and entangled having a diameter from 50 nm to 80 nm and length ranging from 1 to 3 μm. Meanwhile, the pure Pluronic produced nano-beads with an average size of 40 nm. These nanocomposites can be used in biomedical applications such as biosensors by embedding nanoparticles of TiO2, silver, and cobalt and for antibacterial treatment in woundcare dressings.
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Milano, Francesca, Annalia Masi, Marta Madaghiele, Alessandro Sannino, Luca Salvatore, and Nunzia Gallo. "Current Trends in Gelatin-Based Drug Delivery Systems." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 5 (2023): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051499.
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Gelatin is a highly versatile natural polymer, which is widely used in healthcare-related sectors due to its advantageous properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low-cost, and the availability of exposed chemical groups. In the biomedical field, gelatin is used also as a biomaterial for the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to its applicability to several synthesis techniques. In this review, after a brief overview of its chemical and physical properties, the focus is placed on the commonly used techniques for the development of gelatin-based micro- or nano-sized DDSs. We highlight the potential of gelatin as a carrier of many types of bioactive compounds and its ability to tune and control select drugs’ release kinetics. The desolvation, nanoprecipitation, coacervation, emulsion, electrospray, and spray drying techniques are described from a methodological and mechanistic point of view, with a careful analysis of the effects of the main variable parameters on the DDSs’ properties. Lastly, the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies involving gelatin-based DDSs are thoroughly discussed.
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Di Gloria, P., L. Strafella, M. G. De Giorgi, et al. "Analysis and performance assessment of the use of ammonia-based nano additive for lean combustion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012050.
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Abstract In recent years, considerable progress has been made in exploring new applications of fuel additives to reduce emissions. Reduction of total nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions can be achieved by decreasing the flame temperature by using fuel emulsified with water and/or using ammonia-based nano additives such as urea. The use of water as part of the hydrocarbon fuel is also one of the prospective directions in the development of new types of fuel systems. For the preparation of emulsified fuel, it is desirable to achieve greater stability of the emulsified fuel with minimum expenditure of chemicals and energy, so that the emulsified fuel can be used for a longer period. The paper analyzed the influence of nano-dispersed urea particles, water, and surfactant (Span 80/Tween 80) on the combustion stability and emission characteristics of aviation fuel. The experimental campaign was conducted on a test stand (a 300kW liquid vortex combustor of 300 kW) consisting of a cylindrical combustion chamber with four optical windows and equipped with high-precision pressure sensors, thermocouples, and an exhaust gas analyzer for acquiring emissions. The experimental campaign was conducted at a constant fuel/air ratio (Φ). One of the main focus is related to the stability of the emulsion. Chemiluminescence imaging was performed to characterize the effects of the additive on flame emissions. In addition, a statistical and spectral analysis was performed using the pressure sensor for instability analysis. Exhaust gas analysis was performed both with the additive described above and without additive for a constant Φ condition. The analysis was performed for NOx, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2).
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Ghazali, N. S. M., and R. Zakaria. "Preparation of essential oil nanoemulsions and its incorporation in chitosan-based edible coating on guava." Food Research 9, Supplementary 1 (2025): 133–45. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.9(s1).089.
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Nanoemulsions possess powerful nano-scale properties that make them attractive for diverse applications. In this work, two types of essential oil, namely clove essential oil (CEO) and lemon essential oil (LEO), were formulated into nanoemulsions using a highpressure homogeniser (HPH). The essential oils were mixed with virgin coconut oil (VCO) at different formulations to stabilise the oil from the coalition effect. The characterisation of nanoemulsions produced was done by observing the appearance of the nanoemulsions and analysing the droplet size and the stability of the nanoemulsions during 1-month storage at 25℃. The formulations with the smallest droplet size and that were stable during the storage period were then incorporated with chitosan to produce an edible coating on guava. Five samples of guava were coated with chitosan only (CH), chitosan containing clove nanoemulsion (CH-CEONe), chitosan containing clove oil coarse emulsion (CH-CEO), chitosan containing lemon nanoemulsion (CH-LEONe) and chitosan containing lemon oil coarse emulsion (CH-LEO). The microbiological analysis of all samples was determined by total plate count and yeast and mould counts. The weight loss, firmness, colour and pH of coated guavas during storage at 25°C for 10 days were also determined. The results obtained showed that CH-CEONe and CH-LEONe were significantly (p<0.05) effective in reducing the total plate counts and yeast and mould counts of guava compared to the other coatings, which help to prolong its shelf life. The nanoemulsion coatings (CH-CEONe and CH-LEONe) also slowed down the weight loss, the increase in yellowness, and the decline of lightness and greenness of guava during the storage period, hence preserving the guava better compared to those coated with chitosan only and chitosan with coarse essential oil emulsions.
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Komalpreet, Kaur, and Kumar Anil. "Enhancement of strawberry shelf life with coating: A review." Modern Phytomorphology 16, no. 2 (2022): 44–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7735668.
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As the world population is increasing and the requirements for the fruits and vegetables is also increasing all around the world. According to year 2018, fruit production has reached up to 7.1 million tonnes. Food stocks can be increased for future generations. Supply of food and accessibility can be increased by increasing demand, improving delivery, and reducing losses. Fruit’s perishable nature makes it susceptible to loss in post-harvested crops, particularly when it distributed for long distance. Applying coating to the fruit will help to reduce the amount of impoverishment. Different types of post-harvest coatings applied on fruits e.g. bananas, strawberries, mangoes, pineapples, and avocados which prolongs the storage survival, loss of water, chilling injuries loss. To satisfy the supply needs of future generations, food processing industries must prevent postharvest losses. To overcome these problems, number of techniques used to preserve the food product for longer duration of time. Methods like heat treatments, cold storage, coating, Nano emulsion, Nano technology etc. are the most popular around the world. Using the different types of additives in incorporated with the edible coating makes the food product more appealing, nutritious, inhibits microbial growth, increase the storage life. Several foods have been coated for enhancing these qualities into them. Whereas, it is also use in the bakery and confectionery industries. These films help to maintain the physical and chemical properties of fresh and highly processed fruits for a longer duration. This analysis demonstrates that edible film is a great method for extending tropical fruit’s post-harvest life. Despite the research focus, further work is required, especially to better predict the process of biopolymer products until ingestion in order to provide a safe film for consumer use. With the help of this article, processors would be able to use this knowledge to choose the right coating material and density for various processed foods.
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Seppälä, Jukka, Noora Ristolainen, Pirjo Heikkilä, and Ali Harlin. "ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS PREPARED BY TWO METHODS: IN SITU EMULSION POLYMERIZED PVA/NANOTIO2 AND MIXING OF FUNCTIONAL-PVA WITH NANOTIO2." AUTEX Research Journal 8, no. 2 (2008): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2008-080201.
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Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol)/nano-sized titanium dioxide (PVA/nanoTiO2) water dispersions were electrospun in order to prepare networks of polymer composite nanofiber for coating applications. In particular, the effect of the functionalization of the polymer matrix, coating of the filler particles, and the preparation method of the polymer dispersions on the nanoparticle distribution along the resulting fibers were studied. The dispersions were prepared using two different techniques: batch in situ emulsion polymerization and mixing methods. Differently coated hydrophilic nanoTiO2 particles were used on one hand, and on the other, pure PVA and carboxyl- and silanolfunctionalized PVAs were used. Dispersion properties were assessed by measuring viscosity and estimating the degree of homogeneity before electrospinning. The structure of the electrospun fibers was studied using scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. It was observed that the dispersion properties differed substantially depending on the types of polymer and filler particles used. Electrospinning succeeded in forming continuous fibers instead of separate droplets with all except one type of PVA/nanoTiO2 dispersions. It was confirmed that the resulting fibers and droplets contained nanoTiO2 particles. For the in situ polymerized dispersions the filler distribution in the resulting fibers was strongly influenced by the nanoparticle coating. In the mixing method, the resulting nanoparticle distribution was affected primarily by the polymer type used, and the role of the nanoparticle coating was not important.
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Ghasemi-Nejad, Mahdieh, Leila Gholamzadeh, Ruhollah Adeli, and Seyed Pezhman Shirmardi. "A comprehensive study of the antibacterial and shielding properties of micro and nano-EPVC lead-free shields." Physica Scripta 97, no. 5 (2022): 055303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac6077.
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Abstract Lead-composites products are usable materials for the personal protection of the patient from x-ray during radiation operations. Nevertheless, lead has high toxicity and environmental disadvantages. This research aims at the preparation of flexible, lead-free, and antibacterial composites for protection against x-ray radiation. At first, nanoparticles of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), copper oxide (CuO), and tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) were synthesized with hydrothermal and sol-gel methods. Six types of composites containing the 50% Wt of various mixtures of nano and micro particles of MoO3, CuO, and SnO2 in the emulsion of polyvinylchloride were prepared. Then, the morphological characteristics and size distribution of the samples were determined by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, and the bond between the matrix and the filler was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Also, the antibacterial effect of the composites and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of nanoparticles were studied. Furthermore, the x-ray attenuation coefficient was measured in 40, 80, and 120 kVp. Indeed, the mass attenuation coefficients and 0.25 mm lead equivalent thickness were calculated for all samples. The results indicated that the nanocomposites show better attenuation than the other composites in all the energies. The composites containing MoO3 and CuO also proved to have better mass attenuation coefficients than the others. Considering the equivalent thickness for 0.25 mm of lead in high and low energy, the composites containing all the three metal oxides can be considered suitable for attenuation. Also, the composites containing CuO can provide antibacterial properties.
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Zhao, Wenkai, Fengjuan Jia, Hai Lin, et al. "Mobility and Method of Enhanced Oil Recovery for Yingxiongling Shale Oil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2834, no. 1 (2024): 012198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2834/1/012198.
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Abstract There are abundant shale oil resources in Yingxiong Ling, Qaidam Basin, but the oil recovery rate is low due to complex lithofacies types, large physical property differences, diverse pore types and structures, and strong heterogeneity. In order to improve the oil recovery efficiency of Yingxiong Ling shale oil, based on the analysis of the factors affecting the micro-mobility of Yingxiong Ling shale oil, through spontaneous imbibition and nuclear magnetic test, the oil mobility evaluation of different lithology reservoirs and different pore structures and the feasibility of surfactant to improve oil recovery were carried out. The research results show that: (1) Yingxiong Ling shale oil has considerable mobile hydrocarbon base, effective seepage channels, high viscosity reduction conditions and elastic properties, and has the potential for efficient development. (2) In the spontaneous imbibition state, the utilization efficiency of laminar limestone and laminar limestone are 10% and 12.5%, respectively, and that of small pores, large pores and texture cracks are 6.7%, 5.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall utilization efficiency is low. (3) The solution containing surfactant components can effectively improve the crude oil production degree of Gan Chaigou shale oil reservoir. The variable-viscosity fracturing fluid can increase the oil production efficiency to 21.46%, and the nano-emulsion can increase the oil production efficiency to 33.43%. The surfactant has a significant effect on the EOR of Yingxiong Ling shale oil. Based on the analysis of micromobility, the characteristics of crude oil mobility and the experimental results of enhanced oil recovery by surfactants, it is concluded that the oil recovery of Yingxiong Ling shale oil can be greatly improved by combining high efficiency surfactants with large-scale volumetric fracturing.
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Tayeb, Ali, Ezatollah Amini, Shokoofeh Ghasemi, and Mehdi Tajvidi. "Cellulose Nanomaterials—Binding Properties and Applications: A Review." Molecules 23, no. 10 (2018): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102684.
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Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are of increasing interest due to their appealing inherent properties such as bio-degradability, high surface area, light weight, chirality and the ability to form effective hydrogen bonds across the cellulose chains or within other polymeric matrices. Extending CN self-assembly into multiphase polymer structures has led to useful end-results in a wide spectrum of products and countless innovative applications, for example, as reinforcing agent, emulsion stabilizer, barrier membrane and binder. In the current contribution, after a brief description of salient nanocellulose chemical structure features, its types and production methods, we move to recent advances in CN utilization as an ecofriendly binder in several disparate areas, namely formaldehyde-free hybrid composites and wood-based panels, papermaking/coating processes, and energy storage devices, as well as their potential applications in biomedical fields as a cost-effective and tissue-friendly binder for cartilage regeneration, wound healing and dental repair. The prospects of a wide range of hybrid materials that may be produced via nanocellulose is introduced in light of the unique behavior of cellulose once in nano dimensions. Furthermore, we implement some principles of colloidal and interfacial science to discuss the critical role of cellulose binding in the aforesaid fields. Even though the CN facets covered in this study by no means encompass the great amount of literature available, they may be regarded as the basis for future developments in the binder applications of these highly desirable materials.
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Bielecka, Ewa, Natalia Zubrzycka, Karolina Marzec, et al. "Ursolic Acid Formulations Effectively Induce Apoptosis and Limit Inflammation in the Psoriasis Models In Vitro." Biomedicines 12, no. 4 (2024): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040732.
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Psoriasis, a prevalent inflammatory skin disorder affecting a significant percentage of the global population, poses challenges in its management, necessitating the exploration of novel cost-effective and widely accessible therapeutic options. This study investigates the potential of ursolic acid (UA), a triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties, in addressing psoriasis-related inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. The research involved in vitro models employing skin and immune cells to assess the effects of UA on psoriasis-associated inflammation. The presented research demonstrates the limiting effects of UA on IL-6 and IL-8 production in response to the inflammatory stimuli and limiting effects on the expression of psoriatic biomarkers S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9. Further, the study reveals promising outcomes, demonstrating UA’s ability to mitigate inflammatory responses and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes by the induction of non-inflammatory apoptosis, as well as a lack of the negative influence on other cell types, including immune cells. Considering the limitations of UA’s poor solubility, hybrid systems were designed to enhance its bioavailability and developed as hybrid nano-emulsion and bi-gel topical systems to enhance bioavailability and effectiveness of UA. One of them in particular–bi-gel–demonstrated high effectiveness in limiting the pathological response of keratinocytes to pro-psoriatic stimulation; this was even more prominent than with ursolic acid alone. Our results indicate that topical formulations of ursolic acid exhibit desirable anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and may be further employed for topical psoriasis treatment.
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De Cicco, Michael, Lih Sheng Turng, Xiao Chun Li, and John H. Perepezko. "Production of Semi-Solid Slurry through Heterogeneous Nucleation in Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (MMNC) Using Nano-Scale Ultrasonically Dispersed Inoculants." Solid State Phenomena 141-143 (July 2008): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.141-143.487.
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Ever since copious nucleation was shown to be an efficient, cost effective method for producing semi-solid slurry, many processes have been developed to take advantage of the cost savings inherent in this method of slurry production. Despite great advances in various aspects of semi-solid processing, the cost competitive nature of the industry, most noticeably the auto industry, has prevented a wider adoption of semi-solid casting technology. This research aims to realize a more industrial appealing process by combining the synergistic benefits of semi-solid casting technology with metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) technology, thus creating higher value products with superior properties cost-effectively. To do this, a process that produces a semi-solid slurry though the nucleation catalysis induced by nanoparticle additions as small as 1 wt. % to alloys is proposed and the results are presented in this paper. Examination of the potential for nano-scale inoculants to catalyze nucleation of solidification showed that despite their small sizes, inoculants on the scale of tens of nanometers are capable of catalyzing nucleation in the zinc and aluminum alloys studied. Employing the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and droplet emulsion techniques with nanocomposite samples showed a significant reduction in undercooling owing to the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles by ultrasonic mixing and the potency of those nanoparticles to catalyze nucleation. Comparison of undercoolings between different types of nanoparticles, such as silicon carbide (SiC), gamma and alpha alumina (Al2O3), and titanium carbide (TiC), to relative potencies predicted by minimum lattice disregistry showed a strong correlation. Results were also examined in light of free growth and nucleation controlled grain initiation. For nanoparticles predicted to be potent nucleation catalysts by lattice disregistry, the undercoolings observed fell into the free growth controlled grain initiation regime.
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Zhou, Cuiying, Shanshan Zhao, Wei Huang, Dexian Li, and Zhen Liu. "Study on the Stabilization Mechanisms of Clayey Slope Surfaces Treated by Spraying with a New Soil Additive." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (2019): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061245.
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The topsoil of a clayey slope is easily washed off by rain due to its loose structure. To protect the slope surface, in recent years, several types of non-traditional soil additives have been used by means of mixing with soil. In this work, a new organic polymer soil stabilizer, named aqua-dispersing-nano-binder (ADNB), was sprayed on the soil surface to stabilize the topsoil of a clayey slope. To understand the interaction between the polymer and soil particles during the infiltration process as well as the stabilization mechanism, infiltration tests, water stability tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed with different polymer contents. The infiltration tests showed that the infiltration rate of the polymer stabilizer in the soil was slower than that of water due to its characteristics of easy adhesion to soil particles, poor fluidity and large molecular volume. The maximum effective infiltration depth was achieved in the specimen treated with 2% ADNB, and the minimum was achieved in the specimen treated with 5% ADNB. The water stability of the soil increased with the content of the soil stabilizer in the soil aggregates with diameters of either 5–10 mm or 10–20 mm. The SEM analysis showed that the quantity of polymer decreased with infiltration depth; a polymer membrane was formed on the surface of the topsoil and chains were formed inside. The amelioration of the soil water stability may have been due to the bonding between soil particles and polymers generated after evaporation of water in the emulsion. The polymer stabilizer could be applied to improve the erosion resistance of the slope topsoil and reduce soil loss.
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Kumar Sahoo, Prabhat, Neha S.L, and Arzoo Pannu. "An Overview of Second Generation Nanoparticles− Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 13, no. 6 (2020): 5181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.6.2.
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Lipids are used as vehicles for the preparation of various formulations prescribed for administrations, including emulsions, ointments, suspension, tablets, and suppositories. The first parental nano-emulsion was discovered from the 1950s when it was added to the intravenous administration of lipid and lipid-soluble substances. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are important nowadays. Solid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are very proficient due to the ease of production process, scale-up capability, bio-compatibility, the biodegradability of formulation components and other specific features of the proposed route. The administration or nature of the materials must be loaded into these delivery systems. The main objectives of this review are to discuss an overview of second-generation nanoparticles, their limitations, structures, and route of administration, with emphasis on the effectiveness of such formulations. NLC is the second generation of lipid nanoparticles having a structure like nanoemulsion. The first generation of nanoparticles was SLN. The difference between both of them is at its core. Both of them are a colloidal carrier in submicron size in the range of 40-1000 nm. NLC is the most promising novel drug delivery system over the SLN due to solving the problem of drug loading and drug crystallinity. Solid and liquid lipids combination in NLC formation, improve its quality as compare to SLN. NLC has three types of structures: random, amorphous, and multiple. The random structure containing solid-liquid lipids and consisting crystal and the liquid lipid irregular in shape; thereby enhance the ability of the lipid layer to pass through the membrane. The second is the amorphous structure. It is less crystalline in nature and can prevent the leakage of the loaded drug. The third type is multiple structures, which have higher liquid lipid concentrations than other types. The excipients used to form the NLC are bio-compatible, biodegradable and non-irritating, most of which can be detected using GRAS. NLC is a promising delivery system to deliver the drug through pulmonary, ocular, CNS, and oral route of administration. Various methods of preparation and composition of NLC influence its stability Parameters. In recent years at the educational level, the potential of NLC as a delivery mechanism targeting various organs has been investigated in detail.
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Gidagiri, Praveen, Lekshmi P. R. G., and Shameena S. "Nanoparticle-Enriched Edible Coatings with Plant Extracts and Essential Oils for Extending Postharvest Quality of Fruits and Vegetables." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 1 (2025): 290–300. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i11881.
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Fruits and vegetables are affected by postharvest diseases and physiological processes such as transpiration and respiration after harvest, leading to significant quality losses during transportation and storage. To control postharvest diseases and extend shelf life, synthetic fungicides are commonly used. However, the extensive use of these chemicals raises concerns about potential health risks, environmental impact, and the development of fungicide-resistant pathogens. Therefore, alternative approaches, such as edible coatings with plant extracts, essential oils and nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts are explored to address these challenges while maintaining quality and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Nanoparticles loaded with essential oils or plant extracts are synthesized using ionic gelation method, spontaneous emulsification, phase inversion temperature, emulsion inversion point, and solvent displacement methods etc. Nanoparticle enriched edible coating delivers plant compound gradually over time. This controlled release provides a consistent and long-lasting effect, effectively inhibiting microbial growth, slowing nutrient degradation, and reducing oxidative stress on the produce. The nanoscale size of these particles increases their surface area, enhancing their adhesion to the surface of fruits or vegetables. This results in a more efficient barrier against moisture loss and gas exchange, further preserving the quality and extending the shelf life of the produce. The synergistic effects of the nano-reinforced matrices show promising results in reducing post-harvest losses while maintaining food safety standards. This innovative approach holds immense potential for revolutionizing the postharvest management of fruits and vegetables by offering a safer, more sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides. Future research should focus on optimizing the formulation and scalability of nanoparticle-enriched edible coatings, evaluating their efficacy across diverse produce types, and assessing their long-term safety and environmental impact. This review examines the current developments in edible coating technology, focusing on various plant extracts, essential oils, and nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts enriched edible coating for extending shelf life and preserving the quality of fruits and vegetables.