Academic literature on the topic 'Types of networks in public policy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Types of networks in public policy"
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Hugg, Victor G. "Public Service-Function Types and Interlocal Agreement Network Structure: A Longitudinal Study of Iowa." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 4 (2019): 1293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087419843189.
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Interlocal service delivery networks have become a prominent subject within the urban governance literature, with significant scholarly attention being focused on the political, legal, and demographic characteristics that influence an organization’s decision to join a collaboration network. However, despite being a theoretically significant factor, few analyses have examined the role that service-function type plays in shaping these networks. This research note replicates and extends previous tests of the hypothesized relationship between service-function type and network structure by relying on a comprehensive 25-year data set of interlocal agreements from the state of Iowa. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the positive relationship between networks of system maintenance service-functions and network centralization is confirmed after controlling for the significant moderating effect of time. This more-generalized finding enhances our understanding of when local governments use service networks to solve public problems and potentially carries important implications for the relationship between network governance and policy performance.
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Leick, Birgit, and Susanne Gretzinger. "Business networking in organisationally thin regions: a case study on network brokers, SMEs and knowledge-sharing." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 27, no. 5 (2020): 839–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-12-2019-0393.
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PurposeResearch on business networks in organisationally thin regions, which are characterised by a low density and quality of business networks, is still in its infancy, while the facilitation of business networks receives increasing interest. The present paper combines both perspectives by investigating how different types of network brokers facilitate business networking and knowledge-sharing in organisationally thin regions.Design/methodology/approachBurt's theory on brokers in social networks is applied to knowledge-sharing in business networks for organisational thinness as context. A qualitative case study represents the empirical basis that describes network brokers from various domains in three different German case regions, which are characterised by organisational thinness.FindingsThe network brokers studied facilitate different types of business networks, and they use various levers to increase knowledge-sharing among companies in business networks. Two broker types emerge, private business-driven versus public policy-driven network brokers with distinct approaches to the facilitation of business networking and knowledge-sharing and different limitations due to organisational thinness.Practical implicationsCompanies, notably SMEs, in contexts characterised by low networking density and quality may benefit from various types of network brokers that foster business networking and instigate knowledge exchange. Public policy should embed activities of private brokers in existing SME assistance programmes to increase the quantity and quality of business networks.Originality/valueNetwork facilitation in regions with weaknesses in their endowment with industry clusters, business networks and innovative knowledge exchange is under-explored, and this paper contributes to shedding light on this topic with a case study.
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Ombagi, Cornelius, David Minja, and Wilson Muna. "Effects of Policy Network Type on Public Policy Processes Outcomes in the Road Transport Sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya." American Journal of Public Policy and Administration 8, no. 1 (2023): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajppa.1331.
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Purpose: Transport sector in Nairobi City County is characterised by a myriad of challenges related to policymaking process. While studies have sought to establish the link between various policy network issues and policy process outcomes, the role of various policy network types has not been given much attention. This is despite its important role of connecting government actors, non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders involved in policy-making to help facilitate an effective, efficient, and inclusive policy-making process. This study sought to establish the effect of policy network type on public policy processes outcomes in the road transport sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya.
 Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive design. The target population of the study was 470 policy actors in the road transport sector within Nairobi City County out of which 407 were purposefully sampled to respond to the questionnaire and 45 were sampled to participate in focused group discussions as well as key informant interviews. The sampling approach adopted was a purposeful sampling procedure. A mixed methodology was adopted whereby both quantitative and qualitative data was collected through structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focused group discussions. The quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics that is mean, frequencies and percentages as well as regression analysis. On the other hand, qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis and reported in a narrative format.
 Findings: The effect of policy network type on policy process outcomes was determined to be positive and significant. It was established that various policy network types in road transport sector within Nairobi City County, Kenya strongly determined policy process outcomes.
 Recommendations: The study recommend policy makers in the transport sector to adopt policy networks which have a clear a clear chain of command and clear decision-making authority, adopt policy networks characterized by multiple decision-makers who share decision-making authority as well as those characterized by characterized by multiple decision-makers who are geographically dispersed. There is also a need for policy makers in the transport sector to adopt policy networks characterized by characterized by a dynamic structure that changes over time in response to different circumstances.
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Harris, Jenine K., Melissa Jonson-Reid, Bobbi J. Carothers, and Patrick Fowler. "The Structure of Policy Networks for Injury and Violence Prevention in 15 US Cities." Public Health Reports 132, no. 3 (2017): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917705367.
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Objectives: Changes in policy can reduce violence and injury; however, little is known about how partnerships among organizations influence policy development, adoption, and implementation. To understand partnerships among organizations working on injury and violence prevention (IVP) policy, we examined IVP policy networks in 15 large US cities. Methods: In summer 2014, we recruited 15 local health departments (LHDs) to participate in the study. They identified an average of 28.9 local partners (SD = 10.2) working on IVP policy. In late 2014, we sent survey questionnaires to 434 organizations, including the 15 LHDs and their local partners, about their partnerships and the importance of each organization to local IVP policy efforts; 319 participated. We used network methods to examine the composition and structure of the policy networks. Results: Each IVP policy network included the LHD and an average of 21.3 (SD = 6.9) local partners. On average, nonprofit organizations constituted 50.7% of networks, followed by government agencies (26.3%), schools and universities (11.8%), coalitions (11.2%), voluntary organizations (9.6%), hospitals (8.5%), foundations (2.2%), and for-profit organizations (0.7%). Government agencies were perceived as important by the highest proportion of partners. Perceived importance was significantly associated with forming partnerships in most networks; odds ratios ranged from 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.13) to 2.35 (95% CI, 1.68-3.28). Organization type was significantly associated with partnership formation in most networks after controlling for an organization’s importance to the network. Conclusions: Several strategies could strengthen local IVP policy networks, including (1) developing connections with partners from sectors that are not well integrated into the networks and (2) encouraging indirect or less formal connections with important but missing partners and partner types.
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Love, Hannah B., Ellyn M. Dickmann, and Ellen R. Fisher. "What is an “ArchintorTM?” A paradigm shift in teaching, facilitation, and learning: The impact of different types of coursework expectations on classroom network structures." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0288136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288136.
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Hypothetically, a student could attend a class, listen to lectures, and pass the class without knowing or interacting with other students. What happens to the network when the classroom expectations change? For example, there is a coursework expectation that students exchange contact information, or the instructor uses collaborative learning practices. Or what if the principal investigator (PI) of a scientific team goes on a sabbatical? This study uses the framework of classrooms because of their relatability across science. We asked how do different instructor coursework expectations change network structures within a classroom or other learning environments? A social network survey was administered at the start and end of the semester (pre- and post-test) in six university sociology classrooms to explore how expectations impacted the communication and learning networks. We found practical changes in course expectations impact the communication and learning networks, suggesting that instructors, facilitators, and others could be the archintorTM (architect+instructor+facilitator) of the network. Understanding that expectations can impact a network’s structure marks a paradigm shift in educational assessment approaches. If the archintorTM has identified the “optimal” network structure, then their task is to design expectations that result in specific interactions that ultimately improve student achievement and success. This work provides recommendations for classroom archintorsTM to create the most impactful classroom networks. Future research should extend beyond education and classroom networks and identify the best or desired networks in other areas like public policy, urban planning, and more. If these “optimal” networks were identified, an archintorTM could design a social network to solve wicked problems, manage a crisis, and create social change.
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Gallego-Ardila, Andrés Daniel, Ángela María Pinzón-Rondón, Amparo Susana Mogollón-Pérez, Carol Ximena Cardozo, Ingrid Vargas, and María-Luisa Vázquez. "Care coordination in two of Bogota’s public healthcare networks: A cross-sectional study among doctors." International Journal of Care Coordination 22, no. 3-4 (2019): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053434519892469.
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Introduction Care coordination is a priority concern for healthcare systems. In Colombia, there is a lack of information on the topic. This study analysed how doctors of two Bogotá’s public healthcare networks perceived coordination between healthcare levels and what factors are associated with their perception. Methods A cross-sectional study using the COORDENA-CO questionnaire to a sample of 363 doctors (network-1 = 181; network-2 = 182) in 2015. The questionnaire asks about types and dimensions of care coordination: information and clinical management, with items in a Likert scale, as well as conditions regarding health system, organisational and doctors’ conditions. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed. Results The doctors’ perception of a high level of coordination did not exceed 25.4%. On coordination of information, limited transfer of clinical information was found. Concerning clinical management, there were limited care coherence, deficits in patient follow-up and lengthy waiting times for specialised care. A high perception of coordination were associated with being female, being over 50 years old, being a specialist, having less than one year’s working experience, working less than 20 h per week at the centre, forming part of network-1, having time available for performing coordination tasks, having job satisfaction and not identifying limitations imposed by healthcare insurers. Discussion There was limited perception of coordination, in its different dimensions and types with some differences between networks. The results support the importance of guaranteeing job satisfaction, ensuring sufficient time to coordination-related activities and intervening in the restrictions imposed by healthcare insurers to improve care coordination.
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Gomes, Ricardo Cruz, Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro Galina, Flávia Oliveira do Prado Vicentin, and Geciane Silveira Porto. "Interorganizational innovation networks of Brazilian and Spanish biotechnology companies." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 9 (January 1, 2017): 184797901773951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979017739517.
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This study has the purpose of conducting a dynamic comparative analysis of interorganizational innovation networks of Brazilian and Spanish biotechnology companies. It aims to explore the differences between the network characteristics and their actors’ positions and types as well as to analyze the temporal evolution of these networks. Although analyses of the evolution of networks are relevant in supporting comprehension of paths for innovation, they are incipient, particularly as cross-country studies. Considering that, this comparison between Brazil and Spain, which are at different levels of biotechnology development, may contribute to the advancement of this area. Social network analysis techniques are employed to draw and measure the network characteristics constructed under the information of patent applications by biotechnology companies located in Brazil and Spain in the period of 1990–2012. The results demonstrate an impressive growth of innovation networks from both countries but show an inferior position for Brazilian data in terms of constancy, volume of partnerships, partner diversity, and main actor types. Thus, this article reveals patterns of evolution over time for each country, which allows for the determination of the implications for public policy and managerial experts.
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Gregory, Bruce. "Mapping Boundaries in Diplomacy’s Public Dimension." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 11, no. 1 (2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341317.
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Radical changes in diplomacy’s global environment challenge traditional categories in diplomacy’s study and practice. The “foreign” and “domestic” divide is blurred beyond easy recognition. Public diplomacy is no longer a separate instrument of diplomacy. The term marginalizes a public dimension that is now central in diplomatic practice. This article examines four boundaries that both separate and connect: (1) a distinction between diplomacy and foreign policy that benefits diplomacy studies and clarifies choices in practice; (2) a framework for diplomacy’s public dimension that connects types of diplomatic actors with process variables; (3) a separation between diplomacy and civil society that distinguishes diplomacy from other relationships between groups; and (4) characteristics of diplomacy and governance that explain how they differ from other political and social categories. Diplomatic and governance actors are categorized in trans-governmental and polylateral networks. Civil society and private sector actors are categorized in cosmopolitan and private governance networks.
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Wenger, G. Clare, and Fred St Leger†. "Community Structure and Support Network Variations." Ageing and Society 12, no. 2 (1992): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00004852.
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents data from two studies of support networks conducted in North Wales and Northern Ireland. Five types of support networks are identified and it is shown that the distribution of network type is related to community. Distribution of network type is further shown to be influenced by population stability and population density. It is argued that since network type is correlated with service use, identification of network type provides a useful tool for policy makers and practitioners in the context of care in the community.
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Zhao, Jialiang, Suqiong Wei, and Qingmu Su. "Research on the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Provincial Urban Network from the Perspective of Local Governance—Based on the Data of the Top 100 Enterprises in Four Categories in Fujian Province." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (2023): 9368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129368.
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With the development of the division of labor in product value chains and the specialization of urban functions, the network link structure model among cities is being reshaped. Studying the structure of urban networks and its related theories in the context of scale, place and policy is still an open area. This study constructs a research framework to study the urban network formed by the synergy of scale, place and policy. It mainly takes enterprises in different industries in different provinces as the empirical scale and object, and uses methods such as a social network and Geo Detector to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of the provincial network relationship mode of enterprises among cities. The main findings are as follows. (1) Firstly, the urban network linkage in general shows strong coastal centrality and small-world network characteristics. The urban network linkages reflected by different types of enterprises all have obvious spatial directionality and polarization effects. (2) Coastal cities have strong centrality, and the specialized division of urban functions emerges, with large cities becoming a concentration area for different types of corporate headquarters, while small- and medium-sized cities carry a large number of processing and assembly enterprises. (3) The networks of different types of enterprises have different sensitivity to each influencing factor. For example, emerging industries have the strongest correlation with the economic scale and social services; manufacturing industries are most influenced by the public services, administrative level and development zone level; and service industries are most influenced by science and technology expenditure and the same metropolitan area. In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of network heterogeneity at the provincial scale and provides policy support for the local governance scale, as well as promotes the expansion of the urban network theory to network governance applications in the “flow space”.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Types of networks in public policy"
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Coppola, Emery A. "Optimal pumping policy for a public supply wellfield using computational neural network with decision-making methodology." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2000_395_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Larkin, George Richard. "Policy Subsystem Portfolio Management: A Neural Network Model of the Gulf of Mexico Program." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28971.
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This study provides insights into the behavior of an environmental policy subsystem. The study uses neural network theory to model the Gulf of Mexico Program's allocation of implementation funds. The Gulf of Mexico Program is a prototype effort to institutionalize a policy subsystem. A project implementation fund is at the core of the Gulf of Mexico Program. The United States Environmental Protection Agency provides the implementation fund and the Mexico Program Office (GMPO) administers it. The GMPO uses the implementation fund to encourage other federal, state, local, and private organizations to undertake projects designed to improve the environmental quality and economic vitality of the Gulf of Mexico and its surrounding region. The implementation fund constitutes a program "portfolio" and is the Gulf of Mexico Program's primary means of influencing policy. The way a policy subsystem manages its program portfolio through the allocation of fiscal resources provides important insights about its priority concerns and dominant actors.
The benefits of this study are threefold. First, the study offers an initial systematic description and analysis of the Gulf of Mexico Program and its policy implementation process. Second, using the Gulf of Mexico Program as a prototype, the study sheds new light on why and how policy subsystems formulate and implement policy. Finally, the study provides a means to assess the value of neural network theory as a technique for modeling and analyzing policy subsystem behavior.<br>Ph. D.
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Schroeder, Aaron D. "Building Implementation Networks: Building Multi-organizational, Multi-sector Structures for Policy Implementation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27586.
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The purpose of this dissertation is the delineation of a new approach, or, more precisely, a new â roleâ and â methodological system,â for those persons engaged in building and managing multi-actor structures, or â networks,â for the purpose of policy implementation. As policy formulation and implementation can be viewed increasingly as taking place inter-organizationally, and consisting of individuals, special-interest groups, public organizations, private organizations, non-profits, etc., none of whom have the individual power to autonomously determine the strategies and actions of all the other actors, policy processes can no longer be viewed as the implementation of ex ante formulated goals, but instead must be seen as an interaction process in which actors exchange information about problems, preferences and means, and trade-off goals and resources. That is, the context of â getting things doneâ in the public sector is changing from a singular organizational context to a multiple-organization network context. Managerially, we must respond accordingly.
While there has been an increasing recognition in the literatures of at least three distinct fields of enquiry [political science, organization theory, and policy science] that such networks are becoming the â realityâ of daily operation, much less has been written attempting to aid the acting administrator to function successfully within this new setting. Even less has been written concerning how to actually build and use a network setting to oneâ s advantage in an implementation endeavor.
We are left in need of a new way to successfully approach implementation through complex multi-actor settings. As it becomes increasingly difficult to administer policy implementation through a single, public organization, the need for new tools and understanding that will enable us to achieve public ends in such complex settings becomes apparent. Such an approach must work to successfully accommodate the increased role of extra-organizational actors, a new role of the administrator as â network facilitator,â and still afford the ability to plan for and carry out project implementation.
Because the invention of such an approach will require the accommodation of a different view of the administrative world (i.e. a more dynamic context, ephemeral definitions, new roles and responsibilities, and a new method to approaching work life), its development cannot constitute a straightforward reshuffling of the boxes of the administrative process, or the simple adoption of some new buzzwords. It demands, instead, that we begin by asking some fundamental ontological (what is reality) and epistemological (how can we know it) questions. It is after addressing these fundamental concerns that this volume will work to build a new approach to functioning proactively in a network setting.
Following a discussion on what the role of â network facilitatorâ means in relation to current understanding of public management, this treatise will describe a new methodological system for use by the administrator playing such a role. The â methodological systemâ for building implementation networks that is advocated here is composed of three overlapping methodologies: 1) â Contextual Assessmentâ - Mapping a Networkâ s Political-Economy; 2) â Stakeholder Analysis & Managementâ â Understanding Who Should be at the Table and Furthering the Conditions for Cooperation; and, 3) â Joint Visioningâ â The Facilitation of Project Planning in a Network Setting.
In the chapter on â contextual assessment,â the reader will be introduced to a method that uses the political economy framework of Wamsley and Zald to derive an interview instrument for use by a recently appointed network facilitator (somebody appointed the responsibility of â getting something doneâ cross-organizationally). Combining the political economic framework with other standard qualitative methods, including gaining entrance, selecting interview type, snowballing, and quota sampling, one should be able to assess the existing political and economic environment surrounding a potential implementation network and, further, begin to select from that environment a first set of stakeholders in the budding implementation network. This method will result in a â conceptual mappingâ of the environment from which one may begin to select potential resources to build an implementation network.
Following that, the reader will be introduced to two methods, that when used together, will allow for the analysis, categorization, and selection of network stakeholders. Taken together, these methods can be referred to as â stakeholder analysis.â It is the successful selection and management of these stakeholders that will result in the formation of a young implementation network.
Finally, the reader will be introduced to a method of â joint-visioning,â a process for working with a set of stakeholders to create a shared understanding of the social/organizational and technical/functional systems required for a new implementation network to function. While the theoretical conception here of joint-visioning is new, the techniques suggested to support this method are probably the least original of the techniques associated with the three methods introduced in this volume (in that they are based on recognized methods of group facilitation). The joint-visioning method proposed here is probably most remarkable for what it is not, corporate strategic planning. A discussion about the problems of adopting corporate strategic planning in the public sector will begin this section, followed by a discussion of why something else, like joint visioning, is probably more appropriate.
Each methodology has been constructed from the ground up by appropriating parts of different methodologies that have been advocated in different areas of application. Specifically, methods, approaches, and understandings have been appropriated from the literatures of corporate management, stakeholder analysis, action research, political economy, community facilitation, knowledge engineering and management, and strategic planning. These methods have been combined and modified to better serve as tools for network establishment and management.
This methodological system has been developed as much from experience as from scholarly analysis. Accordingly, a case study, one that has directly led to the development of many concepts in this system, will be discussed and used for â real-worldâ elaboration of the concepts described. Specifically, each of these methods will be accompanied by an in-depth discussion on how it was applied in the â Travel Shenandoahâ case study. Benefits, as well as problems with the proposed methods will be highlighted. Where appropriate, possible modifications to a method will be suggested.<br>Ph. D.
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Martell, Lamolla Meritxell. "Public participation in the Spanish transition to sustainablility : the implementation of Local Agenda 21 in Catalonia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251564.
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Sandström, Annica. "Policy networks : the relation between structure and performance." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16933.
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The importance of policy networks and the need to treat networks seriously have long been emphasized within the field of policy science. However, not many attempts have been made to investigate the explanatory power of policy networks using the tools and theoretical concepts provided by social network analysis (SNA). This historical limitation is the central undertaking of the current thesis, which sets out to clarify the possible relationship between network structure and the organizing capacities and performance of policy networks. Not only is the aim to elucidate how different network qualities affect performance, but the thesis also has a methodological aim of indicating in what ways SNA contributes to and enhances policy network research. Based on the theoretical concepts policy, networks, institutions, and social capital, an analytical framework is formed. A set of hypotheses regarding how network structures are believed to affect the performance of policy networks is suggested. Two particular network qualities-namely, network closure and network heterogeneity-are proposed as central for the process and its outcome. The former reflects the internal structure of a network in terms of density and centralization, while the latter reflects how the network is connected to other networks and addresses its level of diversity and cross-boundary character. The empirical part of the thesis consists of three case studies, in which policy processes within different policy sectors are studied. The empirical analysis confirms the existence of a relationship between network structure and performance. As the level of network closure increases, so does the capability to prioritize, thereby enhancing efficiency. However, the level of network heterogeneity is positively related to the function of resource mobilization, which, in turn, is a central prerequisite for improved effectiveness. The thesis concludes that a significant explanatory power exists in the concept of policy networks and that SNA is a promising way to explore its possibilities, enhancing policy research and the conceptual and theoretical developments within the field. Finally, the implications of the findings for contemporary policy making and public administration are discussed.<br>Godkänd; 2008; 20080519 (ysko)
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Whetsell, Travis Aaron. "Technology Policy and Complex Strategic Alliance Networks in the Global Semiconductor Industry: An Analysis of the Effects of Policy Implementation on Cooperative R&D Contract Networks, Industry Recovery, and Firm Performance." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500060505624301.
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McGrath, Siân. "Public participation in policy networks : land reform and sustainable rural development in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24944.
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This thesis focuses on local community involvement in policy-making and implementation; in the context of land reform and sustainable rural development in Scotland. In 1998, the new Scottish Parliament introduced a varied package of proposals for reforming the legal framework governing how land is owned and managed in Scotland. The objectives for this land reform package were to improve local communities’ access to decision-making: and break down the land-based barriers to rural development. This research uses the land reform package as an active example of public access to policy decision-making. It begins with a brief historic account of the public pressure for land reform in the 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> centuries. This demonstrates that negative impacts on local communities’ development opportunities have historically motivated grassroots action for land reform in Scotland. This research takes a policy network approach to understanding how decisions about land use and ownership are made in post-devolution Scotland. I interviewed members of the national network of groups and individuals that tried to influence the outcome of the land reform policy process. This study demonstrated that the traditionally dominant landed lobby has lost ground, but that it would still take time before direct community interest representatives are fully equipped to take advantage of Scotland’s more accessible Parliamentary decision-making system. The next stage of the research involved four case studies of local communities’ participation and development opportunities in four estates; each owned by an example of the four major categories of land owner in Scotland: private, community, conservation NGO and the state. These studies focused on how <i>policy</i> <i>implementation</i> <i>networks</i> provide communities with access to decision-making and development at the local level.
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Perkins, Marianne. "Refugee Resettlement in Germany: An Analysis of Policy Learning and Support Networks." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/617.
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The resettlement of refugees and asylum seekers in Germany since reunification in 1990 has been challenged by two peaks in asylum seeker applications in 1992 and again in 2016. From the 1992 peak, which was fueled by asylum seekers fleeing the former Yugoslavia, extensive research has already been conducted over the past thirty years. These studies have demonstrated the actual outcomes of these primarily Yugoslavian asylum seekers and refugees with these findings indicating legal and economic uncertainty having a detrimental effect even years after resettlement. Using Germany as a case study, this analysis aims to survey the available information in the more recent example of asylum seekers arriving in Germany from 2014 onwards primarily from the Syrian Arab Republic, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Ultimately, successful resettlement equates to successful integration measures. The issues of policy legacy and learning as well as elements of the available support network for asylum seekers in housing, Integrationskurse (integration courses), and advice centers are examined to understand how each relates to successful integration and security for asylum seekers. The findings indicate that Germany has achieved successful resettlement and integration of asylum seekers through policy learning from the early 1990s onwards and a strong support network available for those seeking asylum, yet the exclusion of certain groups from integration measures unfairly leaves some behind. A continuous evaluation of these integration measures is necessary to ensure the successful resettlement of refugees and asylum seekers in Germany in anticipated future peaks in asylum seeker applications.
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Sandström, Annica. "Innovative policy networks : the relation between structure and performance." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18073.
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The central undertaking in this thesis is to explore the explanatory power of the concept of policy networks. The main question is whether there is a relation between the structural features of policy networks and their performance? Does network structure matter for network performance, and in that case, in what sense? In order to investigate the relationship between structure and performance, five implementation networks, engaged in inter-organizational collaboration with the task to create multidisciplinary units, at Luleå University of Technology (LTU), are studied. Each network is analyzed regarding both structural properties and performances. First, network performance is measured by the level of effectiveness and innovation. Next, the structural features of the implementation networks are measured. Drawing upon previous work of Burt, the structural analysis is based on the examination of two specific network mechanisms, namely network closure and global structural holes. Basically, while the former refers to the degree of interconnectedness, the latter considers the extent to which the actors span global structural holes, meaning that they have contacts reaching outside the network in focus. A positive relation between the two above mentioned mechanisms and performance is proposed. The empirical analysis confirms the assumption that there is a relation between structure and performance. While the existence of global structural holes is a necessity for innovative networks to form, their level of effectiveness is positively related to the degree of network closure. Following this, an innovative network is a network in which the actors are tightly connected and, at the same time, have many connections to other actors, engaged in other network constellations. Further, on the basis of the empirical findings, two new hypotheses, specifying the relationship between structure and performance, are suggested. Firstly, it is proposed that the function of prioritizing, so vital for the process of organizing, is facilitated within centrally integrated networks. Secondly, the function of mobilization of resources is facilitated within networks that span a large amount of global structural holes. Accordingly, network structure does matter for the effectiveness of innovative policy networks. To conclude, there is certainly a lot of explanatory power in the concept of policy networks and the formal analytical approach, offered by social network analysis (SNA), is one way to explore its possibilities.<br><p>Godkänd; 2004; 20070128 (ysko)</p>
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Häusler, Michele. "Global Governance and Global Public Policy Networks An Assessment of the UN Global Compact /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03603735001/$FILE/03603735001.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Types of networks in public policy"
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Considine, Mark, Jenny M. Lewis, and Damon Alexander. Networks, Innovation and Public Policy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595040.
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Koliba, Christopher J., Jack W. Meek, Asim Zia, and Russell W. Mills. Governance Networks in Public Administration and Public Policy. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315268620.
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Koliba, Christopher. Governance networks in public administration and public policy. CRC Press, 2011.
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J, Elton M. C., ed. Integrated broadband networks: The public policy issues. North Holland, 1991.
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Virginia, Berridge, ed. Making health policy: Networks in research and policy after 1945. Rodopi, 2005.
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S, Moscovice Ira, University of Minnesota. Rural Health Research Center, and United States. Office of Rural Health Policy, eds. Rural health networks: Concepts, cases and public policy. Rural Health Research Center, Institute for Health Services Research, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1996.
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White, Lawrence J. U.S. public policy toward network industries. AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, 1999.
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E, Guerin-Calvert Margaret, Wildman Steven S, and Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Annenberg Washington Program in Communications Policy Studies., eds. Electronic services networks: A business and public policy challenge. Praeger, 1991.
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Heins, Marjorie. Internet filters: A public policy report. 2nd ed. Brennan Center for Justice, 2006.
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Heins, Marjorie. Internet filters: A public policy report. 2nd ed. Brennan Center for Justice, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Types of networks in public policy"
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Metz, Florence, and Le Anh Nguyen Long. "Policy Networks." In Encyclopedia of Public Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90434-0_80-1.
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Compston, Hugh. "The Future of Public Policy." In Policy Networks and Policy Change. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230244320_13.
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Spence, Edward H. "Media Corruption – Types, Causes and Contexts." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61612-0_4.
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Considine, Mark, Jenny M. Lewis, and Damon Alexander. "Innovation and Public Policy." In Networks, Innovation and Public Policy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595040_2.
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Fábrega, Jorge. "Criminal Networks." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2694.
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Fábrega, Jorge. "Criminal Networks." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2694-1.
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Fábrega, Jorge. "Criminal Networks." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_2694.
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Cooper, Tracy. "Managing Networks." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_1353-1.
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Compston, Hugh. "Policy Network Theory and the Future of Public Policy." In Policy Networks and Policy Change. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230244320_5.
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Stevens, Vidar. "Individual Learning Behaviour in Collaborative Networks." In Learning in Public Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76210-4_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Types of networks in public policy"
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Zeng, Shulan, and Potmesil Milon. "THE POSITIVE CONTRIBUTIONS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT OF FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/vs07/45.
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This literature review explores the current state of research on positive contributions and social support among families with children with disabilities in mainland China. Positive contributions refer to the beneficial impact on family dynamics and cohesion achieved through positive interactions with the child. International studies suggest that these contributions can enhance family happiness, while domestic research in China predominantly highlights negative aspects, such as the pressures these families encounter. The review methodology involves analyzing both qualitative and quantitative studies on family quality of life, social support, and positive contributions. Sources include academic journals, policy reports, and research articles, with a thematic synthesis conducted to identify differences in international and Chinese perspectives, alongside specific cultural influences. Social support, crucial in helping families manage stress, plays a pivotal role in fostering positive contributions. Emotional, instrumental, and informational support types have shown to mitigate family stress and encourage adaptive growth. In China, however, parents, especially of children with autism, often rely on limited informal support, which fails to meet all their needs. Cultural factors, such as collectivism, family obligation, and Confucian values, deeply influence family responses and perceptions of social support. Disabilities are frequently stigmatized, pushing families to focus on internal support networks and avoid seeking external aid. This cultural backdrop shapes the availability and nature of support, affecting how positive contributions are experienced. In conclusion, while international research increasingly acknowledges the positive contributions of children with disabilities, Chinese studies remain more concerned with challenges. Future research in China should explore how social support mechanisms could amplify positive contributions, helping improve societal attitudes toward these families and enhancing their overall well-being.
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Peovska, Natasha, Oliver Bacanovic, and Vesna Trajanovska. "THE MEDIA INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC ATTITUDES ABOUT PUNITIVENESS." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p14.
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Public attitudes about punitiveness have a significant impact on penal policy in the societies. Punitive penal policy and increased imprisonment of offenders are often seen as a reflection of the public support for harsh punishment. (Cullen et all, 2000). Criminological research often links the attitudes toward punishment with the socio-demographic characteristics of the public (gender, age, race, ethnicity, political ideology, education, income, religion), their possible direct or indirect victimization, the fear of crime, their perceptions about crime and the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. In addition to these factors, in the last two decades the attitudes have also been linked with the increasing presence and use of the media The empirical research analyzes the issue of the connection between the media consumption and shaping public attitudes toward punishment, especially for certain crimes. Hence, the subject of this paper is the impact of media consumption on the public attitudes about punishment, with the purpose to determine to what extent and in what direction is that influence. The impact of different types of media and different types of media content or programs on public attitudes about punitiveness will be analyzed. In general, the research shows that different types of media and news, such as watching television news (local and national) and crime-related programs, have influence on the attitudes about punishment (Intravia, 2019). However, the direct impact cannot be fully and clearly determined, because the research uses a different methodology in terms of the media consumption and media content. In addition to traditional media, from research perspective, special attention is given to the connection between the use of social media and their impact on punitiveness. The importance of analyzing their impact on public attitudes is primarily due to the increasing number of individuals who use social media, which are a major source of crime-related news and often providing access to news or information shared by others. These features related to social media (especially social networks) allow individuals to virtually participate in issues related to crime and punishment, which in turn can change someone's opinion and position on the topic of discussion. (Anderson & all, 2014).
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Bhola, Varun. "Fast Lane to Electric Mobility: Exploring Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Infrastructure." In International Conference on Cutting-Edge Developments in Engineering Technology and Science. ICCDETS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62919/mtsg4544.
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The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of robust and efficient fast charging infrastructure to support widespread use and ensure convenience for drivers. This paper explores the current state of EV fast charging infrastructure, its technological advancements, challenges, and future prospects. We examine different types of fast charging technologies, their implementation in various regions, and the role of public policy and private investment in expanding this critical infrastructure. The analysis highlights the importance of fast charging networks in accelerating the transition to electric mobility and identifies key factors that influence their deployment and operation.
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Martell, Meritxell, and Anne Bergmans. "Potential Scenarios for Broadening Stakeholder Involvement in the Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96151.
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This paper analyses the potential for the involvement of different types of stakeholders in the Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform (IGD-TP). This analysis was conducted as part of the InSOTEC project, a three-year (2011–2014) collaborative research project funded under the 7th Euratom Framework Programme (Grant Agreement nr. 269906). In our analysis, we consider the extent to which the IGD-TP’s practice as regards to stakeholder involvement matches its discourse, and what potential for improvement exists given its structural organisation as a European Technology Platform (ETPs). Technology Platforms (TPs) can be understood as knowledge networks, deliberately set up to influence (research) policy in a specific domain. We therefore use knowledge networks as a conceptual approach and look at the IGD-TP as a complex network which includes actors, knowledge and practices across different countries, focusing on a very specific topic (i.e. implementing geological disposal). We compare the way different stakeholders are involved in the IGD-TP to the practice of other ETPs, and explore how the IGD-TP is viewed by its members and by outsiders to the platform. Applying Callon’s framework of knowledge co-production (1999) we come to define different degrees of interaction between science, society and policy in view of defining research and development (R&D) priorities [1]. Subsequently we describe how these interactions could be conceptualised and interpreted for the IGD-TP. The current approach of the IGD-TP can be mainly understood as classical model involving mainly expert stakeholders and scientists. Where there seems to be a good representation among IGD-TP members of industry, research institutes, and some members of the academic community this is not the case for other types of stakeholders, such as public authorities or civil society. At this stage, the overall approach of the IGD-TP would seem to restrict the scope of stakeholder involvement, as it narrows participation down to uniquely technology experts, hindering socio-technical manifestations. Our analysis nevertheless shows that there is room for engaging with a broader range of stakeholders in the field of radioactive waste management, if this is the intention of the IGD-TP. However, this would require a commitment to developing a common knowledge base including other stakeholders through a process of mutual adjustment and negotiation.
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Yunitasari, Yessi, Latjuba S. T. T. Sofyana, and Maria Ulfah Siregar. "Cyber Crime Identifying Using Machine Learning Techniques - Based Sentiment Analysis." In The 6th International Conference on Science and Engineering. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-j46rcy.
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Social media analytics is a form of information analytics that is quite important in today's cyber situation. Cybercrime is criminal behaviour based on computers and internet networks. Cybercriminals usually hack systems to obtain the personal information of victims. There are many types of cybercrimes. There are four types of cybercrimes: Phishing scams, Hacking, Cyber Stalking and Cyber Bullying. This research aims to help the process analysis by the Police or investigative institutions of the private sector in knowing the results of public sentiment on social media related to current cyber crimes. Ciber Crime identifying using machine learning techniques, based sentiment analysis. Method used for sentiment analysis related to cybercrime is Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and KNN. The highest accuracy value of the three methods tried is the Naive Bayes algorithm of 99.45%. The highest precision value uses the Naive Bayes algorithm of 99.80%, and the highest recall value uses the random forest algorithm of 100%.
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Neverov, Kirill, and Diana Budko. "Social Networks and Public Policy." In IMS2017: International Conference. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3143699.3143700.
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Kadambi, Pooja, Raahul Seshadri, Chengappa Munjandira, and Abhishek Appaji. "Public Insight and Policy Foresight: A Policy Review of AI Governance in India." In 2024 16th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10427081.
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Morozova, Svetlana. "Social Networks’ Role In The Russian Public Policy Digitalization." In IV International Scientific Conference "Competitiveness and the development of socio-economic systems" dedicated to the memory of Alexander Tatarkin. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.70.
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Bisset, Keith R., Xizhou Feng, Madhav Marathe, and Shrirang Yardi. "Modeling interaction between individuals, social networks and public policy to support public health epidemiology." In 2009 Winter Simulation Conference - (WSC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2009.5429672.
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Wei, Zhang, and Wang Xiquan. "Public Policy Ethical Evaluation of Technological Innovation Using Social Networks." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2013.129.
Full textReports on the topic "Types of networks in public policy"
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Gasparini, Leonardo. Argentina's Distributional Failure: The Role of Integration and Public Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011277.
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This paper documents the income distribution changes experienced by Argentina during the last decades. Inequality substantially increased, and despite economic growth during some periods, poverty also went significantly up. Two types of episodes have shaped Argentina's income distribution: deep macroeconomic crisis and periods of openness and integration. The sizable raise in inequality in the 90s seems to be associated to reallocations against unskilled-labor intensive sectors, and especially to skilled-biased technological change within most sectors, both factors stimulated by the process of economic integration. The depth and speed of the reforms and the absence of public policies to ease the transition contributed to the particular severity of the income distribution changes in Argentina. This paper was prepared for the Labor Markets and Globalization Conference, Inter-American Development Bank, Brasilia, October 20, 2003.
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Sangiampongsa, Pisanu. Governmental and nongovernmental organizations in Thailand : similarities and differences in their characteristics and roles within public services and public policy. Chulalongkorn University, 2001. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2001.37.
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There has been an increase in the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the Thai policy process. This study examines some of their characteristics by comparing them to those of public organizations. Their roles in public policy as well as their relationship with public organizations are also studied. This study focuses further attention on two policy types-environment and welfare. A survey on public organizations and NGOs involving in the environmental and welfare policy areas, through the perception of the organizations’ employees, is used as the method of data collection. Comparative analyses are performed on two organizational and two policy types with respect to some characteristics and roles of the organizations in the policy process. The study results found many positive characteristics of NGOs, such as their high level of altruism and civic consciousness, effectiveness, efficiency, commitment and high sense of reward among their employees, as well as their active roles in public policy. Less corruption is reported from NGOs than from public organizations. However, while the two organizations share tasks in the policy process, differences in organizational characteristics and attitudes, such as their different focus on national versus local interests, likely contribute to conflicts between them. Few shared traits, such as their multiple social goals could be the focal point in the effort to build relationship between them, so that they can complement and supplement each other’s role in public policy. In terms of the two policy areas, environmental policy area exhibits a high level of conflict in public organizations and NGOs’ relation. A more pleasant work atmosphere in the form of more cooperative effort is found in welfare policy area. An attempt to explain such empirical finding is offered at the end of the study’s report.
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Vlaicu, Razvan, and Philip Keefer. Employee Trust and Performance Constraints in Public Sector Organizations. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004456.
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Theory suggests that employee trust is key to productivity in organizations, but empirical evidence documenting links between trust and constraints on performance is scarce. This paper analyzes self-collected data on public sector employees from eighteen Latin American countries and finds that individual-level trust is relevant to three types of performance factors. First, high-trust employees are more willing to collaborate and share information with coworkers and are more supportive of technological innovation. Second, high-trust respondents have different perceptions of organizational constraints: they are less concerned with low staff quality or lack of discretion to innovate, and more concerned with staff shortages. Third, trust in coworkers is associated with stronger mission motivation. Instrumental variable strategies based on the transmission of trust through social and professional channels account for potential sources of endogeneity. A survey experiment on preferences for social distancing policies provides further evidence that trust enhances mission motivation: employee policy preferences align better with the implied government policy when their trust in the public sector is higher.
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Keefer, Philip, and Razvan Vlaicu. Employee Trust and Performance Constraints in Public Sector Organizations. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004596.
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Theory suggests that employee trust is key to productivity in organizations, but empirical evidence documenting links between trust and constraints on performance is scarce. This paper analyzes self-collected data on public sector employees from eighteen Latin American countries and finds that individual-level trust is relevant to three types of performance factors. First, high-trust employees are more willing to collaborate and share information with coworkers and are more supportive of technological innovation. Second, high-trust respondents have different perceptions of organizational constraints: they are less concerned with low staff quality or lack of discretion to innovate, and more concerned with staff shortages. Third, trust in coworkers is associated with stronger mission motivation. Instrumental variable strategies based on the transmission of trust through social and professional channels account for potential sources of endogeneity. A survey experiment on preferences for social distancing policies provides further evidence that trust enhances mission motivation: employee policy preferences align better with the implied government policy when their trust in the public sector is higher.
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Sudhivoraseth, Jitraporn. Policy evaluation on promotion projects implemented by the Public Relations Department's Regional Offices. National Institute of Development Administration ; Chulalongkorn University, 2002. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2002.21.
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This research aims to study the achievement or failure of the promotion projects implemented by the Public Relations Department’s Regional Offices. The objectives of this study are two fold. First, to evaluate the three promotion projects: Democracy Promotion Project, Drug Prevention and Solution Promotion Project, and AIDS Prevention and Solution Promotion Project under the Action Plan of the Public Relations Department, fiscal year 2000. Second, to investigate the factors relating to the achievements or failures of these three promotion projects under study. The conceptual framework is developed by applying the Mazmanian and Sabatier’ criteria conditions for policies evaluation. As policies are interpreted in term of promotion projects, the output is the dissemination of knowledge and information to the target groups. In order to find out whether and how the knowledge and information effect the target audiences in their implementation, Rogers’s theory of Diffusion of Innovations is used to support the study. The research methodology is an integration of qualitative and quantitative approached. In the conceptual framework there are two sub-models of study. The qualitative approach for data analysis based on Mazmanian and Sabatier’s criteria conditions for policy evaluation is one part of the framework. The variables for the qualitative data analysis are commitment and skills of the officials, hierarchical integration, changing socioeconomic conditions, diversity of target groups, level of clarity of the objectives of projects, causal theories of projects, and budget and resources. The are the causes of the outputs which are types of media, frequency of message and characteristics of message. The quantitative approach for data analysis, the other of the model, is based on Roger’s theory of Diffusion of Innovations. The sub-model of the quantitative approach is at the other side of the general conceptual framework. The variables of the quantitative data analysis are knowledge, comprehension, attitude, decision and implementation. The research results indicate that the officials have moderate commitment and skills in attaining the target goals of the policy of the promotion projects. By having commitment and skills, especially skills in communication and media selection they can implement the promotion projects under the constraint of budget and resources, as well as under the political interference. The level of the objectives of the promotion projects is perceived as moderate and the causal theories are perceived as highly significant by the public relations officials and frontline implementers. This enables them to understand how to select the type of media use which is moderately successful in disseminating the knowledge of the promotion projects and their activities appropriate to the target groups who are upper secondary students. In summary, the implementation of the policies which are interpreted in terms of promotion projects and activities are moderately successful. Two factors are found. They are political interference and the constraint of broader participation. They are significant to the success or failure of an implementation of policy in the Thai bureaucracy. Based on the findings, the researcher suggests that at the policy level, the National Public Relation Policy be more recognized in its importance by the top executives and should be implemented more frequently than it is actually at present. The National Public Relations Policy should be put in every national economic and social development plan. In the past, it was put in the Sixth National Economic and Social Development Plan only. At the implementation level, training courses in public relations campaign planning are particularly needed. There should be also more participation from the frontline implementers in decision making at the national level because they are the persons who are close to the local situation.
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López Boo, Florencia, Jane Leer, and Akito Kamei. Community Monitoring Improves Public Service Provision at Scale: Experimental Evidence from a Child Development Program in Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002869.
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Expanding small-scale interventions without lowering quality and attenuating impact is a critical policy challenge. Community monitoring overs a low-cost quality assurance mechanism by making service providers account-able to local citizens, rather than distant administrators. This paper provides experimental evidence from a home visit parenting program implemented at scale by the Nicaraguan government, with two types of monitoring: (a) institutional monitoring; and (b) community monitoring. We find d a positive intent-to-treat effect on child development, but only among groups randomly assigned to community monitoring. Our findings show promise for the use of community monitoring to ensure quality in large-scale government-run social programs.
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Herbert, Sian. Reducing Criminal Violence Through Public Sector-led Multisectoral Approaches. Institute of Development Studies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.043.
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The last decades have seen increased consensus for the need to understand and address violence through a public health approach, and a preventative approach, as embodied by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16. This necessitates a multi-sector and multi-stakeholder approach, yet poor governance continues to threaten progress on this agenda. Many policy approaches to urban violence tend to take an approach that is either place-based; people-based; or behaviour-based and include a range of initiatives. The INSPIRE initiative is a key global response to tackling violence against women (VAW) and violence against children (VAC) A multisector approach is needed to address the complexity and multifactorial origins of violence. Yet multisector engagement can complicate institutional responses due to different goals, concepts, instruments, etc. Increased collaboration and joined-up approaches across government departments have led to changes in institutions and approaches. The literature base on violence prevention initiatives is varied and uneven across the different types of violence, e.g. with more literature available on interventions focussed on interpersonal and urban violence compared to organised crime-related violence. Evaluations are limited and face many methodological challenges (Cuesta & Alda, 2021) – e.g. the scale and complexity of violence limits the extent to which interventions can be rigorously evaluated or comparable, and most focus on interventions in the Global North. Most importantly, the literature base for this specific question – focussed on the wider institutional context and lessons for a multisectoral approach – is very limited, as most of the available literature focusses on lessons relating to the outcomes of the interventions. In line with the operational focus of this paper, this review draws mainly on practitioner and policy publications. The approaches, interventions, and lessons detailed below are illustrative and are not comprehensive of the many complex lessons relating to this broad area of programming.
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Rodríguez-Montemayor, Eduardo. Diaspora Direct Investment Policy: Options for Development. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008424.
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In today's globalized world, goods and capital are flowing as never before. The movement of people across borders has also enlarged significantly. About 215 million people live away from their home country and many members of such Diasporas are prospering abroad and are eager to extend such success by investing in their homeland. In this paper we explore the impacts of Diaspora Direct Investment (DDI) on international development, i.e. we look at how direct investments from foreign companies connected to Diaspora members (i.e. diaspora-owned firms or firms with diaspora members in the top management) boost productive activities in the home country of such people. One of the main advantages of DDI is that it is more stable than other types of FDI, particularly during unfavorable economic conditions, because of the emotional connections of diaspora members to their country of origin. Moreover, such companies engaging in DDI are often seen as the ¿first movers¿ into a country due to potential advantages they have in terms of knowing the culture and having social networks in the home country. This may act as a catalyst for further investment from other companies by providing market and operational information about the homeland to potential investors. We focus particularly on the experience of Latin America and analyze policy options to design comprehensive diaspora strategies that maximize investments, institutional development and the flow of talent and ideas. Such strategies, which would ideally involve Diaspora members in their formulation, can give Diaspora entrepreneurs support in terms of networking, mentoring and training (e.g. business incubators). Nonetheless, a more mature stage of diaspora engagement would be achieved with the development of venture capital funds as well as other sources of financing (e.g. matching funds). The smart utilization of digital technologies for connecting Diasporas empowers all such policy options.
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Acevedo, Sebastián, and Nicolás Dassen. Innovation for Better Management: The Contribution of Public Innovation Labs. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010661.
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The technological, economic, and social changes of recent years have required governments to adapt to new challenges and growing demands from civil society. In many countries, and at different levels of government, this has led to the creation of innovation labs that aim to promote policy innovation in diverse ways. This paper analyzes the roles of innovation labs in Latin America, examines their challenges, and compares them to best practices and characteristics that current literature associates with higher levels of innovation in the public sector and in other organizations. Based on a survey of lab directors and the undertaking of two case studies, this paper describes the scope of innovation labs in Latin America and discusses the challenges they face to (i) work on central issues, (ii) achieve the adoption and scale up of their innovations, and (iii) ensure their sustainability. There are four key factors that determine the success of innovation labs in overcoming these challenges: two of these are of a political and institutional nature, namely leadership support and policy networks, while the other two relate to lab methodologies, namely the technical adaptation of their innovations and the building of a shared meaning. Additionally, two major differences have been identified between the innovation labs discussed herein and those of other regions, as described by the existing literature: a greater focus on issues of open government and less rigorous testing of their innovations, such as randomized experimentation and impact evaluation. Lastly, this study provides the relevant conclusions and recommendations on how to establish innovation labs as effective channels to manage innovation in government, along with its in-herent risks, and modernize public administration.
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Gómez-Morín, Lorenzo, Rosario Jaramillo, Hugh Starkey, et al. Education for Citizenship and Democracy in a Globalized World: A Comparative Perspective. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012265.
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The Bank identified seven areas to be included on the Dialogue and created seven specialized networks in which government officials at the Vice-Minister level from Latin America and the Caribbean, who are responsible for decision-making and public policy design, participate.