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Journal articles on the topic 'Types of nuclear reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Jin, Shilun. "Nuclear Reaction Sensitivity in Magnetohydrodynamically Driven Supernovae." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 1 (2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4f4a.

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Abstract The weak r-process offers an explanation of the formation of lighter heavy elements 36 ≤ Z ≤ 47 in ultra-metal-poor stars. Magnetohydrodynamically driven supernovae are thought to be a robust astronomical site of the weak r-process and recently gave a good description of the observational abundance pattern of an extremely metal-poor star. However, the characteristics of nuclear reactions in the MHD nucleosynthesis are not as clear as in another site, that of core-collapse supernovae. In this paper, the trajectories of the MHD model are implemented into SkyNet network calculations. By

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2

Voinov, Alexei M. "Pulsed nuclear reactors in nuclear-pumped laser research." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 4 (1993): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006388.

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An overview of nuclear-pumped laser programs conducted on various pulsed reactor types has been presented. The independent research undertaken in Russia and the United States have confirmed the concept of energy conversion from nuclear exothermal reactions to coherent optical radiation as feasible.

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Petrescu, Relly Victoria Virgil, Raffaella Aversa, Antonio Apicella, and Florian Ion Petrescu. "Proposed Solutions to Achieve Nuclear Fusion." Engevista 19, no. 5 (2017): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/engevista.v19i5.968.

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Despite research carried out around the world since the 1950s, no industrial application of fusion to energy production has yet succeeded, apart from nuclear weapons with the H-bomb, since this application does not aims at containing and controlling the reaction produced. There are, however, some other less mediated uses, such as neutron generators. The fusion of light nuclei releases enormous amounts of energy from the attraction between the nucleons due to the strong interaction (nuclear binding energy). Fusion it is with nuclear fission one of the two main types of nuclear reactions applied

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4

Sailaubekov, E. K., and А. К. Morzabayev. "RESEARCH OF ALPHA-PARTICLE TRANSFER REACTIONS." BULLETIN Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences 69, no. 1 (2020): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-1.1728-7901.46.

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This paper presents the capabilities of nuclear physics for the development of nuclear cluster physics. Frequencies of several nucleons, acting as component clusters, are one of the key aspects of the nuclear device. Therefore, the basis for the clustering was helium nuclei (α-particles). This article explores the different types of cluster ensembles and different types of unmanaged nuclei as the fundamental components of new quantum environments. The experimental results of the α-particle transfer reactions under the complete synthesis of some of the cluster nuclei show the formula for those

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KAMIMURA, M., Y. KINO, and E. HIYAMA. "STAU-CATALYZED BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND NUCLEAR CLUSTER MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 11 (2009): 2076–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09045649.

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Three-body cluster-model calculations are performed for the new types of big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) reactions that are calalyzed by a supersymmetric (SUSY) particle stau, a scalar partner of the tau lepton. If a stau has a lifetime ≳ 103s, it would capture a light element previously synthesized in standard BBN and form a Coulombic bound state. The bound state, an exotic atom, is expected to induce various reactions, such as (αX-) + d → 6 Li + X-, in which a negatively charged stau (denoted as X-) works as a catalyzer. Recent literature papers have claimed that some of these stau-catalyzed

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6

Milestone, N. B. "Reactions in cement encapsulated nuclear wastes: need for toolbox of different cement types." Advances in Applied Ceramics 105, no. 1 (2006): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174367606x81678.

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7

Skowronski, Jakub. "Measurement and analysis techniques for a study of ¹²C(p,γ) and ¹³C(p,γ) deep underground". EPJ Web of Conferences 260 (2022): 11008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226011008.

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The 12C(p,γ) and 13C(p,γ) reaction cross sections are currently under investigation in the low-background environment of the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics. Both reactions are being studied using different types of solid targets, and employing complementary detection techniques (HPGe spectroscopy, total absorption spectroscopy and activation counting). To reduce systematic uncertainties, targets must be accurately characterized and their degradation monitored under the intense (~ 400 µA) beam of the LUNA400 accelerator. We present the experimental techniques employed, and the

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8

BÜYÜKUSLU, Halim. "Studying optimum values of statistical model ingredients for (,) and (,) reactions." Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14, no. 1 (2024): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1365386.

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In order to further develop nuclear models/functions, it is important to test various models and functions included in cross-section calculations based on different reaction types, energy ranges, and masses. In this study, the dependence of nuclear ingredients such as level density, -nucleus optical model and γ-ray strength function on the cross-section were illustrated by making systematic calculations in the statistical model window. Reaction cross-section calculations were systematically performed for (α,γ) and (γ,α) reactions, which hold significant importance in astrophysics, on various

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9

Ong, J. F., Meng-Hock Koh, and I. H. Hashim. "Nuclear photonics: Laser-driven nuclear physics." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1285, no. 1 (2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1285/1/012003.

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Abstract High-power lasers can produce high-energy gamma rays, charged particles, and neutrons and induce various types of nuclear reactions. In Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Romania, high-power lasers are entering a new realm of 10 PW peak power, capable of obtaining a focused intensity of 1023 Wcm–2. Such an intense laser pulse will be used for studies relevant to nuclear physics, high-field physics, and quantum electrodynamics, or the combination of laser gamma experiments. Here, we describe how a laser is used to drive high-energy photons and accelerate electrons a

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10

Iyer, Ramesh S., Jennifer G. Schopp, Jonathan O. Swanson, Mahesh M. Thapa, and Grace S. Phillips. "Safety Essentials: Acute Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 64, no. 3 (2013): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2011.12.014.

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The objectives of this article are to review the diagnosis and management of acute nonrenal reactions to iodinated contrast media. We will begin by discussing the types of contrast media and their correlative rates of reaction. The mechanism of contrast reactions, predisposing risk factors, and preventative measures will then be discussed. The remainder of the article will review the assessment of potential reactions, initial management, and treatment algorithms for specific reactions.

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11

Vidal, Benedicto de Campos, Silvya Stuchi Maria, and Louis Bernard Klaczko. "Concanavalin A-reactive nuclear matrix glycoprotein." Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20, no. 4 (1997): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84551997000400012.

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The binding capacity of concanavalin A (Con A) to condensed euchromatin and heterochromatin was investigated in chicken erythrocyte nuclei (CEN), mouse liver cells, Zea mays mays meristematic cells and Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes after 4 N HCl hydrolysis to determine whether binding was preferentially occurring in bands and heterochromatin. Dry mass (DM) variation was investigated in CEN by interference microscopy. Feulgen and Con A reactions were employed for all materials to correlate the loci of the two reactions. Quantifications and topological verifications were carried o

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12

Ripani, M. "Energy from nuclear fission." EPJ Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818900013.

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The main features of nuclear fission as a physical phenomenon will be revisited, emphasizing its peculiarities with respect to other nuclear reactions. Some basic concepts underlying the operation of nuclear reactors and the main types of reactors will be illustrated, including fast reactors, showing the most important differences among them. The nuclear cycle and radioactive nuclear waste production will be also discussed, along with the perspectives offered by next-generation nuclear assemblies being proposed. The current situation of nuclear power in the world, its role in reducing carbon e

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13

Wallerstein, George. "Mixing in Starts." Science 240, no. 4860 (1988): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.240.4860.1743.

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Analysis of the chemical and isotopic composition of stellar surfaces reveals the types of nuclear reactions that have occurred in the stellar interiors as well as the timing and depths from which material once deep in the star has reached the surface. Mass loss from the stellar surface and, in some cases, mass transfer from a companion enhance the opportunity to observe material that is the product of internal nuclear reactions. Detailed studies show substantial deficiencies in current models with the timing and depth of convective and other forms of mixing.

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14

Norman, Eric B. "Isomers in the Cosmos." Atoms 11, no. 11 (2023): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11110140.

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The nucleosynthesis of chemical elements has been established to be the result of a variety of different types of nuclear reactions in stars. Under the extreme temperatures and densities encountered in such environments, nuclear isomers can be populated and thus complicate our understanding of these processes. In this paper, I have chosen to discuss five cases that illustrate how nuclear isomers can play important roles in the nucleosynthesis of chemical elements.

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15

Vitiuk, Oleksandr V., Valery M. Pugatch, Kyrill A. Bugaev, et al. "Colliding and Fixed Target Mode in a Single Experiment—A Novel Approach to Study the Matter under New Extreme Conditions." Particles 5, no. 3 (2022): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles5030022.

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Here, we propose a novel approach to experimentally and theoretically study the properties of QCD matter under new extreme conditions, namely having an initial temperature over 300 MeV and baryonic charge density over three times the values of the normal nuclear density. According to contemporary theoretical knowledge, such conditions were not accessible during the early Universe evolution and are not accessible now in the known astrophysical phenomena. To achieve these new extreme conditions, we proposed performing high-luminosity experiments at LHC or other colliders by means of scattering t

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16

Mohammad, N., S. H. Mondal, Rabiul Islam та Abdul Khan. "Study of astrophysical S-factor, S (E) and thermonuclear fusion reaction rate, TNFRR for some α-trapped interactions". EPJ Web of Conferences 325 (2025): 01010. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202532501010.

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Diverse types of reactions among nuclei occurring at the interior of stars which are at the accreting stage are tremendously affected by plasma environment of high density. Nuclear fusions at very low energy end (~ keV), much below the mutual Coulomb potential barrier, play a pivotal role in the Big-Bang nucleosynthesis of nuclei of lower masses. Mechanism of nuclear fusion reactions can be successfully described by quantum mechanical tunnelling through the effective mutual Coulomb barrier of interacting nuclei. Computation of some astro-nuclear observables, such as the astrophysical S-functio

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17

Dinh, Hien Sy. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE POSSIBILITY OF REDUCING BACKGROUND FOR THE GAMMA COINCIDENCE SPECTROMETER WITH HIGH PURE GERMANIUM DETECTORS." Science and Technology Development Journal 15, no. 2 (2012): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v15i2.1797.

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Gamma coincidence spectrometers with HPGe detectors are used for environmental research, nuclear reactions (n, g), (n, 2g) due to Compton backgrounds of their gamma spectra are very low. In this work, three types of coincidence spectrometers such as gamma coincidence spectrometer, gamma coincidence spectrometers with TAC and sum coincidence spectrometer using HPGe are described. Some experimental results obtained by using gamma coincidence spectrometers are presented. Especially, taking advantages of the software and hardware of the sum coincidence spectrometer used for research of nuclear rea

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18

Pedersen, S. H., M. G. Svaland, A. L. Reiss, and E. Andrew. "Late allergy-like reactions following vascular administration of radiography contrast media." Acta Radiologica 39, no. 4 (1998): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859809172442.

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Purpose: To compare the frequency of allergy-like reactions in adults following vascular injection of iohexol and iopentol versus other contrast media (CMs), with emphasis on late reactions. Material and Methods: Thirty-two trials involving a total of 2656 patients in the European clinical development programmes for iohexol and iopentol were retrospectively evaluated. The number of patients experiencing late allergy-like reactions, immediate allergy-like reactions, and both types of reaction were pooled separately. Late was defined as time of onset being 60 min or more after the first injectio

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19

Tateno, Akihiro, Kenta Masuzawa, Hiroki Nagashima, and Kiminori Maeda. "Anisotropic and Coherent Control of Radical Pairs by Optimized RF Fields." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (2023): 9700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119700.

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Radical pair kinetics is determined by the coherent and incoherent spin dynamics of spin pair and spin-selective chemical reactions. In a previous paper, reaction control and nuclear spin state selection by designed radiofrequency (RF) magnetic resonance was proposed. Here, we present two novel types of reaction control calculated by the local optimization method. One is anisotropic reaction control and the other is coherent path control. In both cases, the weighting parameters for the target states play an important role in the optimizing of the RF field. In the anisotropic control of radical

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20

Jang, Seol, Jung-Eun Cha, Seung Jae Moon, et al. "Experimental and Computational Approaches to Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Synthesis Using Different Halogen Atoms at the Reactive Site." Membranes 12, no. 12 (2022): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121286.

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Engineering thermoplastics, such as poly(arylene ether sulfone), are more often synthesized using F-containing monomers rather than Cl-containing monomers because the F atom is considered more electronegative than Cl, leading to a better condensation polymerization reaction. In this study, the reaction’s spontaneity improved when Cl atoms were used compared to the case using F atoms. Specifically, sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) was synthesized by reacting 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl with two types of biphenyl sulfone monomers containing Cl and F atoms. No significant difference was observed

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21

Penionzhkevich, Yu E. "Synthesis reactions of neutron-rich isotopes of light elements." Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials 5, no. 2 (2021): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/ejpfm.2021050201.

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One of the most complicated problems of experimental nuclear physics is the synthesis of exotic nuclei near the boundaries of stability. These nuclei, as a rule, are 10 or more neutrons away from stable nuclei, have a short lifetime (less than 1 ms) and low binding energy. All this determines special requirements to the choice of reactions for the synthesis of such nuclei and the method of their transportation and registration. Mainly, for the synthesis of exotic nuclei, reactions of fragmentation of the bombarding heavy ion, direct reactions of the types (p, d) , (d, p) , (d, n) , ( d , 3 He)

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22

BOYD, RICHARD N. "PHYSICS WITH RADIOACTIVE NUCLEAR BEAMS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 03, supp01 (1994): 249–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301394000115.

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The rapidly growing research area of radioactive nuclear beam physics is described. The various types of facilities used at present, and planned for the future, are discussed briefly. Then their uses in research in nuclear physics, astrophysics, and in nuclear-solid state applications are discussed. An intense effort in nuclear reaction physics has been directed toward understanding the neutron halo, a completely new result discovered for very neutron rich nuclei via the use of radioactive nuclear beams. Their use has also produced an immense amount of data on nuclear masses, lifetimes, decay

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23

Nor Azman, Muhammad ‘Adli, Nur Syazwani Mohd Ali, Muhammad Syahir Sarkawi, Muhammad Arif Sazali, and Nor Afifah Basri. "Nuclear fuel materials and its sustainability for low carbon energy system: A review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1231, no. 1 (2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1231/1/012016.

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Abstract World energy generation for electricity is still dependent on fossil fuels since it is more reliable and secure than the current intermittent renewable energy systems. Although the integration of renewable energy as an energy mix is in progress, still it could not be able to replace fossil fuels. Dependency on fossil fuels will not only contribute to severe climate change but will also degrade future generation quality of life. Hence, the solution to quandary is by integrating nuclear power plants with those of renewable energy such as solar and wind to meet the energy demand and to e

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24

Dolgopolov, Mikhail, Albina Gurskaya, Andrey Privalov, Vitaly Radenko, Alexandr Radenko, and Vasily Svirkov. "Electronically driven neutrons synthesis-generator with the magneto-optical flow seal." EPJ Web of Conferences 222 (2019): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922202014.

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We develop the description of a neutron generator construction for the synthesis of light nuclei. The design of the neutron generator with plasma target is given together with a description of the types of nuclear reactions that are implemented in it. The brief theoretical description of the ion multiphase flow in the synthesis generator is considered.

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25

Collins, C., and A. O’Donnell. "Does an allergy to fish pre-empt an adverse protamine reaction? A case report and a literature review." Perfusion 23, no. 6 (2008): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109105543.

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The operating theatre exposes patients to myriad potential agents which could result in a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. Anaesthetic drugs, blood products, and latex are only some of the possible allergens. Reactions are deemed to be anaphylactic when immediate sensitivity is combined with cardiovascular collapse. A patient who had a known allergy to shellfish presented for first time cardiopulmonary bypass. The perfusion team were concerned that there was a realistic possibility that an adverse reaction to protamine could occur. Anaphylactic reactions to protamine in patients allergi

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26

SKWIRA-CHALOT, I., K. SIWEK-WILCZYŃSKA, J. WILCZYŃSKI, et al. "TERNARY REACTIONS IN 197AU + 197AU COLLISIONS REVISITED." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 02 (2007): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307005946.

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Ternary events originating from the 197 Au + 197 Au reaction at 15 MeV/nucleon, studied by using the multidetector array CHIMERA at LNS Catania, have been collected in almost complete 2π range of the forward hemisphere of CHIMERA thus extending the angular range of our previously reported preliminary data. Energy- and time calibrations for heavy fragments at large angles were supplemented with an analysis of coincidence events of binary strongly damped reactions. Contrary to the previous preliminary results, the new complete data clearly show presence of sequential fission processes in which o

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27

Solovyan, V. T., and I. O. Andreyev. "Structural domains of plant nuclear DNA as a constitutive component of the topoisomerase II/DNA complex." Acta Biochimica Polonica 42, no. 2 (1995): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1995_4609.

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The treatment of agarose embedded plant nuclei by strong protein denaturants was demonstrated to result in discrete self-fragmentation of intact nuclear DNA. The set of resultant DNA cleavage products involves two main types of DNA fragments sized about 50-100 kb and 300-500 kb, being of the same type in various eukaryotic representatives. The pattern of ordered DNA fragmentation has been shown to be similar both in intact nuclei and in histone-depleted ones thus suggesting that the observed DNA fragments represent preexisting DNA structural domains, corresponding to the higher levels of chrom

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28

Bush, W. H., and D. P. Swanson. "Acute reactions to intravascular contrast media: types, risk factors, recognition, and specific treatment." American Journal of Roentgenology 157, no. 6 (1991): 1153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.157.6.1950858.

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29

Guo, Hao-xuan, Hiroshi Takahara, Yusuke Imai та Hiroyuki Aota. "Electrical Conductivities of Narrow-Bandgap Polymers with Two Types of π-Conjugated Post-Crosslinking". Polymers 14, № 12 (2022): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122472.

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Bandgap energy is one of the most important properties for developing electronic devices because of its influence on the electrical conductivity of substances. Many methods have been developed to control bandgap, one of which is the realization of conducting polymers using narrow-bandgap polymers; however, the preparation of these polymers is complex. In this study, water-soluble, narrow-bandgap polymers with reactive groups were prepared by the addition–condensation reaction of pyrrole (Pyr), benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (BS), and aldehyde-containing reactive groups (aldehyde and

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30

Betti, Nadia Azeez, Redha Ib Hussain, and Sahar Ab Kadhem. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Pyrrolidine-2-one Derivatives." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 31, no. 1 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v31i1.743.

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In this research a number of pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives were prepared by lactamization of γ –butyrolactone (GBL) with hydrazine hydrate (80%) to produce (1-aminopyrrolidine-2-one) that undergoes several reactions to afford these derivatives that diagnosed by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity has also been studied using some types of bacteria, some were found to have good antibacterial activity.

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31

ZHUIKOVA, Marharyta, та Olena KOTYS. "THE NUCLEAR ZONE OF ASSOCIATIVE FIELDS FOR THE COLOUR TERM ЧОРНИЙ / ЧОРНЫ / CZARNY / ЧЕРЕН / BLACK: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT". Folia Philologica, № 8 (2024): 45–55. https://doi.org/10.17721/folia.philologica/2024/8/6.

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The article analyses associative field data of the stimulus lexeme ЧОРНИЙ / ЧОРНЫ / CZARNY / ЧЕРЕН / BLACK obtained from the speakers of Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish, Bulgarian, and English within the framework of eleven free associative experiments. The choice of this adjective’s associative field is determined by both its significant linguistic status and the cultural significance of represented concept. The direct object of comparison has made the central zone of the respective associative fields, which included only those reactions that accounted for at least 5 percent of the total field.

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Walker, David C. "Isotope effects in solution: contrasts between muonium and hydrogen in reactions with acetone." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 10 (1990): 1719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-267.

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Munonium atoms are hydrogen isotopes with positive muons rather than protons, deuterons, or tritons as nuclei. Thus, they have one ninth the mass of 1H, and microsecond lifetimes. By using nuclear physics counting techniques, muonium can be studied in a wide variety of media and its chemical and physical properties used to appraise hydrogen. Results are described for the interaction of muonium with acetone, showing two types of kinetic isotope effects, formation of free radicals, evidence for intermolecular "muonium bonding", and micelle-induced enhancements of reaction rate constants. Keyword

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Lee, J. H., C. H. Kim, J. Kang, S. Song, M. H. Yun, and J. C. Kim. "Radiocarbon Data from the Vicinity of Four South Korean Nuclear Power Plants in 2013–2014." Radiocarbon 59, no. 3 (2017): 973–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.42.

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AbstractRadiocarbon (14C) is a radionuclide generated mainly through neutron-induced reactions in all types of nuclear reactors. Since most of the 14C released into the environment is in the form of gaseous emissions (CO2 and hydrocarbons), terrestrial plants are the primary indicators of increased 14C levels near nuclear power plants (NPPs). In 2013–2014, we collected samples of silver grasses (including common reed) and pine needles within 3 km of four South Korean NPP centers and measured 14C activities using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at Seoul National University. The highest 14C

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Yuki, Ichiro, Naoyuki Uchiyama, Yuichi Murayama, et al. "Intravascular tissue reactions induced by various types of bioabsorbable polymeric materials: correlation between the degradation profiles and corresponding tissue reactions." Neuroradiology 52, no. 11 (2010): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-010-0657-x.

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35

Iwamoto, Hiroki, Keita Nakano, Shin-ichiro Meigo, Hayato Takeshita, and Fujio Maekawa. "Nuclide production cross sections in proton-induced reactions on Bi at GeV energies." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401033.

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Proton-induced nuclide production cross sections for Bi at incident energies of 0.4, 1.5, and 3.0 GeV are measured with the activation method using the proton beams accelerated from the Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). A total of 127 cross-section data are obtained. The measured data are compared with two types of Monte Carlo-based spallation models (i.e. INCL++ coupled with ABLA07 and INCL4.6 coupled with GEM), and the evaluated nuclear data library, JENDL/HE-2007. The result showed that INCL++/ABLA07 overall agrees with the experimental dat

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36

Pacheco de Carvalho, J., C. F. R. Pacheco, and A. D. Reis. "Applications of Nuclear Techniques, Computer Simulation and Microscopy to Surface Analysis of Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S4 (2013): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613001281.

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There is a wide range of surface analysis techniques which are, generally, complementary. Nuclear and non-nuclear techniques have been available. Nuclear techniques, which are non-destructive, provide for analysis over a few microns close to the surface of the sample, giving absolute values of concentrations of isotopes and elements. They have been applied in areas such as scientific, technologic, industry, arts and medicine, using MeV ion beams. Nuclear reactions permit tracing of isotopes with high sensitivities. We use ion-ion nuclear reactions, elastic scattering and the energy analysis me

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Kamal, Ahmed, and Shaimaa Adnan. "Synthesis, Characterization and Study the Biological Activity for Some New Heterocyclic Derivative from 4,5-dichloro Imidazole." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 04 (2022): 1542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.4.10.

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Creating a multi-step method for synthesizing heterocyclic compounds is the goal of this research. The first step involves reacting 4,5-dichloro-2- phenylenediamine with 3- amino- 4-“hydroxybenzoic acid to produce an imidazole derivative (1), which then reacts with salicyldehyde to produce the azo compound (2). Two, a Schiff base derivative is produced via a reaction with p-chloro aniline (23). Final steps involve reactions (3) with chloroacetyl chloride, alanine, sodium azide, thioglycol acid, anthranilic acid, and maleic anhydride, yielding beta-lactam derivatives (4), imidazolidine (5), tet

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Vescovi, Diego, René Reifarth, Enis Lorenz, and Andreas Elbe. "The ASTRAL database for neutron-capture nucleosynthesis studies." EPJ Web of Conferences 279 (2023): 11011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327911011.

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Present nuclear reaction network computations for astrophysical simulations involve many different types of rates, including neutron-capture reactions of interest for the modeling of heavy-element nucleosynthesis. While for many of them we still have to rely on theoretical calculations, an increasing number of experimentally-determined cross sections have now become available. In this contribution, we present “ASTrophysical Rate and rAw data Library” (ASTRAL), a new online database for neutron-capture cross sections based on experimental results, mainly obtained through activation and timeof-f

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ALDRICH, DANIEL P. "A Normal Accident or a Sea-Change? Nuclear Host Communities Respond to the 3/11 Disaster." Japanese Journal of Political Science 14, no. 2 (2013): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109913000066.

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AbstractWhile 3/11 has altered energy policies around the world, insufficient attention has focused on reactions from local nuclear power plant host communities and their neighbors throughout Japan. Using site visits to such towns, interviews with relevant actors, and secondary and tertiary literature, this article investigates the community crisis management strategies of two types of cities, towns, and villages: those which have nuclear plants directly in their backyards and neighboring cities further away (within a 30 mile radius). Responses to the disaster have varied with distance to nucl

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Lee, Guen Young, Joon Woo Lee, Jin S. Yeom, Ki-Jeong Kim, Hyung-Ik Shin, and Heung Sik Kang. "The Incidence of Various Types of Systemic Reactions Related to Epidural Steroid Injections: A Prospective Observational Study." Korean Journal of Radiology 19, no. 2 (2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2018.19.2.301.

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Katoh, Atsushi, Masahisa Shinoda, Kuniyuki Kitagawa, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Visualization of Steam Addition Effect on OH Distribution in a Flame by Isotope Shift/Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (IS/PLIF) Spectroscopy." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 1 (2004): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2056528.

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Addition of steam to a flame has important implications in the combustion process. The dissociation of the added steam (e.g., H2O↔H+OH, etc.) is one of the effects that contribute to the production of radical species, such as OH, H, and O, in the flame. In order to distinctly visualize two types of OH radicals produced from the fuel-air combustion reaction and that from the dissociation reaction with the added steam, we have developed a new method for planar laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with isotope shift (herein called IS/PLIF spectroscopy). This technique has been a

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lbtihaj, H. Ali, Oudah Saheb Huda, S. Alhiti R. Laith, and A. Al Fahham Ali. "Spectroscopy: Types, Principles And Clinical Uses." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH & MEDICAL RESEARCH 03, no. 07 (2024): 469–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12787177.

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Spectroscopic techniques can be classified based on the types of ray, reaction between the material and the energy, the form of material used and the usages for which the assay is utilized. Several types of spectroscopies have been developed, but the most frequently-used spectrometer utilized for biochemical analyses include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, and atomic spectroscopy. This review highlights the main types of spectroscopies and their principle of action and other technical issue. Spectroscopic chemic

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Ripani, Marco. "Energy from nuclear fission." EPJ Web of Conferences 310 (2024): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202431000010.

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The physics of nuclear fission will be briefly illustrated, from the basic mechanism behind this phenomenon to the relevant physical quantities like nuclear cross sections, neutron flux and reaction products, together with the accompanying phenomenon of neutron capture and its role in determining how the fuel transforms in a nuclear reactor. The basic concepts underlying the operation of different types of nuclear reactors will be illustrated, along with the concept of fuel cycle. The aspects of radioactive waste, fuel resources and safety will also be briefly illustrated.

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Ripani, M. "Energy from nuclear fission." EPJ Web of Conferences 268 (2022): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226800010.

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The physics of nuclear fission will be briefly illustrated, from the basic mechanism behind this phenomenon to the relevant physical quantities like nuclear cross sections, neutron flux and reaction products, together with the accompanying phenomenon of neutron capture and its role in determining how the fuel transforms in a nuclear reactor. The basic concepts underlying the operation of diﬀerent types of nuclear reactors will be illustrated, along with the concept of fuel cycle. The aspects of radioactive waste, fuel resources and safety will also be briefly illustrated.

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Grindley, T. Bruce, and Rasiah Thangarasa. "The structures and reactions of stannylene acetals from carbohydrate-derived trans-diols. Part I. In the absence of added nucleophiles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 7 (1990): 1007–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-158.

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Di-n-butylstannylene acetals of benzyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α- and -β-D-glucopyranoside and galactopyranoside have been prepared and studied in solution by 1H, 13C, and 119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The species present in solution have been identified from the 119Sn nmr spectral data, by comparison of the 13C nmr chemical shifts of the stannylene acetals and their precursor diols and also by analysis of the products of reactions performed without added nucleophiles. The orientations of the two substituents on the carbons in the pyranose ring attached to the carbons in the stannyl

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Avinash, Kumar Mishra, and Anitha G. S. Dr. "Nuclear Fusion Reactor – A Review Study." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 4, no. 3 (2020): 690–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3892538.

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This paper aims to explode nuclear fusion reaction, the theory behind nuclear fusion reactors and countries with different types of fusion reactors along with their fusion theory involved. The energy generated from nuclear fusion reaction is much more huge as compared to nuclear fission reaction, so there have been many research going on this field to explode efficient way to extract this energy into electricity through fusion reactors. The advantages of nuclear fusion over fission is also been discussed and why do we need nuclear fusion energy. Nuclear fusion reactors are key to future energy

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Furukawa, T., J. Ueda, S. Takahashi, and K. Sakaguchi. "Elimination of Low-Osmolality Contrast Media by Hemodialysis." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 3P2 (1996): 966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960373p2104.

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Purpose: To compare the dialyzability and safety of 2 types of low-osmolality contrast media administered to end-stage renal failure patients maintained on regular hemodialysis. Material and Methods: Of 44 CT examinations, iohexol was used in 22 and ioxaglate in the other 22. Adverse reactions and hemodynamic changes were recorded. Thirty minutes after the beginning of CT investigation, hemodialysis was commenced. Elimination rate and clearance of the contrast media were measured as indices of their dialyzability. Results: After 4 hours of hemodialysis, 78.4±6.5% of iohexol and 72.4±6.0% ioxag

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Terranova, Maria Letizia, and Odilon A. P. Tavares. "Trends and Perspectives on Nuclear Waste Management: Recovering, Recycling, and Reusing." Journal of Nuclear Engineering 5, no. 3 (2024): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jne5030020.

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This paper focuses on the highly radioactive, long-lasting nuclear waste produced by the currently operating fission reactors and on the sensitive issue of spent fuel reprocessing. Also included is a short description of the fission process and a detailed analysis of the more hazardous radioisotopes produced either by secondary reactions occurring in the nuclear installations or by decay of the fission fragments. The review provides an overview of the strategies presently adopted to minimize the harmfulness of the nuclear waste to be disposed, with a focus on the development and implementation

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Granata, Alessandro, Françoise Sauriol та Arthur S. Perlin. "Acid-catalysed transformation of oleic acid, and 12-hydroxystearic acid, into γ-octadecanolactone. Evidence for the occurrence of a novel side reaction". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, № 7 (1994): 1684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-212.

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γ-Octadecanolactone is produced in the reaction between oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) and concentrated sulfuric acid at 80 °C. To account for its formation, two types of mechanism have been considered. Both begin with protonation at C-9/C-10 to give a carbocation, following which the positive charge is transmitted to C-4, where nucleophilic attack by the carboxyl group is facilitated. One of them invokes a "zipperlike" succession of 1,2-shifts of intervening methylenic protons, whereas the other amounts to a stepwise migration of the alkene function along the carbon chain. Results obtai

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Saqa, Narges Alipour, Shiva Khalil-Moghaddam, and Ashraf Sadat Shahvelayati. "DABCO-based ionic liquid-promoted synthesis of indeno-benzofurans derivatives: Investigation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities." Heterocyclic Communications 28, no. 1 (2022): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2022-0153.

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Abstract A simple and effective method for synthesis of indeno-benzofurans derivatives using polyphenols and ninhydrins is explored using an acidic catalyst based on DABCO (1,4-diaza bicycle [2.2.2] octane)-based ionic liquid. The products of these types of reactions have very low yields without catalysts, but with DABCO-AIL, the yields are excellent, reaction times are reduced, and the media are cleaner. Using infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and mass spectrometry, the structures of products can be confirmed. There is e

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