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Yoon, Dalhee. "PEER-RELATIONSHIP PATTERNS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH TYPES OF CHILD MALTREATMENT AND ADOLESCENT RISK BEHAVIORS IN A SAMPLE OF AT-RISK YOUTH." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1551892563043939.
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Birks, Yvonne. "Role of an adapted index of type A behaviour : relationships with health and reactivity, and a role in 'composite risk'." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325600.
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Doty, Laura J. "The relationship between body composition, body fat distribution, and cortisol concentrations across behavior types as risk factors for coronary artery disease in men." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1244095.
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This study examined percent fat, fat distribution, and resting cortisol concentrations between personality types for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Males (n= 29, 43 ± 8.8 years) selected through the Jenkins Activity Survey, scoring >_ 75th percentile (Type A=15) or S 30th percentile (Type B=14), had the following measures: percent fat, lipid profile, and waist-to-hip ratio. Each hour, heart rate, blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and cortisol were measured. A prediction model determined risk of CAD. Type A had a tendency to have higher DBP, but was only significant at one time point (F= 3.390, p= .022). Type B showed significantly higher total (t= -2.688, p= .012) and LDL cholesterol (t= -3.612, p= .001). Although we did not show many significant differences between groups, within groups, many significant correlations were detected among the variables measured. Further studies will justify the associations between percent fat, fat distribution, and cortisol across personality types.School of Physical Education
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Nylander, Charlotte. "Protective factors, health-risk behaviours and the impact of coexisting ADHD among adolescents with diabetes and other chronic conditions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Pediatrik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282964.
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Mental health problems are increasing in Swedish adolescents and mortality rates are higher in this age group than among younger. 10-20% of all adolescents suffer from a chronic medical condition (CC). Few protective factors (PF) and clustering of health-risk behaviours (HRB) are frequent among adolescents with CCs. One of the most common CC in Swedish adolescents is type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Metabolic control often deteriorates during adolescence, especially in girls. Poor metabolic control is associated with increased risk for long-term complications, of which cognitive problems are common. However, the implication of cognitive/executive problems in patients with T1DM has not been sufficiently studied. Neither has the impact of neurodevelopmental problems (NDP), such as ADHD, on HRB in adolescents with CCs been analysed. Methods: In paper I and II the questionnaire ”Life and Health in Youth” was distributed to all students in year nine and year two of the upper secondary school in the county of Sörmland, 2008 (n=5771) and 2011 (n=5550). Adolescents with CCs were compared to healthy peers with regard to PFs and HRBs. In paper III, the ”Five to Fifteen” questionnaire was used in 175 paediatric patients with T1DM. Patients with indications of NDPs were compared with patients without such problems with regard to metabolic control. In paper IV, the BRIEF questionnaire and the ADHD Rating Scale as well as data from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry was used in 241 adolescents with T1DM. Patients with indications of executive problems were compared with patients without such problems with regard to diabetes control. Results: CCs were associated with few PFs and clustered HRBs. The combination of CCs and low numbers of PFs was found to be associated with an increased risk of clustered HRBs. In the presence of coexisting ADHD the pattern of few PFs and clustering of HRBs was aggravated. ADHD was more common among adolescents with other CCs. Definite memory and learning problems as well as mild executive problems were associated with poor metabolic control, especially among adolescents. Executive problems were also associated with many outpatient visits and low physical activity. Girls with T1DM tended to self-report executive problems to a larger extent than boys, while parents more often reported these problems in boys. Conclusion: Knowledge about factors influencing treatment adherence and life in general is essential in the work with chronically ill adolescents. Focus must be put on enhancing PFs in order to avoid HRBs. Identification of coexisting NDPs, such as ADHD, is crucial, since such problems can adversely influence treatment adherence, HRBs and school achievements
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Dickie, Kasha Elizabeth. "Relationships between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behaviour, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, in black South African women." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2749.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), constitute the second highest cause of mortality in South Africa (SA) and seem to be exacerbated by the high prevalence of obesity, particularly amongst black SA women. Although the aetiology of obesity is complex, common antecedents for its development include a sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition. The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and risk factors for CVD and T2D in a sample of apparently healthy black SA women. The aims of this thesis were addressed in two separate studies with the following objectives: Study 1: i) to compare body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D between active and inactive groups classified according to international PA recommendations for health (Part 1, crosssectional analysis) and ii) to determine whether PA level predicts changes in body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D over a 5.5-year follow-up period (Part 2, longitudinal analysis); Study 2: to examine the independent effects of PA, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sedentary time on body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D (cross-sectional analysis). In part 1 of study 1, a sample of 240 apparently healthy black SA women(26±7 years) underwent the following measurements in 2005/6: PA (Global PhysicalActivity Questionnaire (GPAQ)), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computerised tomography), blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations. Thereafter (part 2), a sub-sample of women (n=57) underwent follow-up testing after a 5.5-year follow period (2010/11), which included additional measurements of objective PA (accelerometry) and CRF (VO2max, ml/kg/min) measured during a submaximal step-test. Study 2 included women from the follow-up subsample and 19 additional women (n=76). Cross-sectional comparisons of objective PA, CRF and sedentary time with body composition and metabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D were examined. Study 1: Using the GPAQ, the majority (61%) of women were sufficiently active, meeting the guidelines for moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) according to international criteria. Women who were active had significantly lower body weight (p<0.001), measures of body fat (BMI, fat mass, %body fat, waist circumference, central and appendicular fat mass, p<0.001), and measures of insulin resistance (fasting serum insulin, p=0.010 and HOMA-IR, p=0.010, respectively), and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, p=0.041) compared to the inactive group. At follow-up, bodyweight increased from 82.0±19.6 kg to 89.5±19.2 kg (p<0.001) in the active group, and from 91.0±15.6 kg to 98.3±13.2 kg (p<0.001) in the inactive group, whereas serum lipid concentrations remained unchanged (p>0.05), and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in those who were active (78±7 vs. 74±14 mmHg, p=0.039). Study 2: Using accelerometry as an objective measure of PA, more than half (51.3%) of the women met international MVPA criteria and the goal of ≥10 000 steps per day (55.3%). Greater light PA and steps per day, but not MVPA, were associated with lower trunk (central) fat mass (r=-0.25, p=0.03, r=-0.31, p=0.01 and r=-0.09, p=0.42, respectively). Conversely, greater sedentary time was associated with higher TG and TG/HDL-C (r=0.36, p=0.01 and r=0.34, p=0.04, respectively), and these relationships were independent of body fat. In addition, higher CRF was associated with reduced body fat% (r=-0.34, p=0.02) and central fat mass (r=-0.31, p=0.03), as well as reduced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; r=-0.41, p=0.01). These associations were independent of body fat and PA, but not VAT. CRF was inversely associated with sedentary time (r=-0.31, p=0.03) and not with any of the PA variables (p>0.05). Both PA and CRF level were associated with reduced total and central fat mass, and reduced metabolic risk for CVD and T2D amongst a sample of apparently healthy black SA women. Promotion of increasing daily PA, including light-intensity and MVPA, whilst reducing sedentary time, and increasing CRF should be encouraged to reduce levels of obesity and risk factors for CVD and T2D.
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Graham, Neil M. H. "Psychosocial risk factors for hypertension in Australian adults /." Title page, contents and synopsis only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmg741.pdf.
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Sousa, Sergio Almeida de. "Essays on behaviour under risk." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14497/.
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This thesis consists of three essays on behaviour under risk. First, I investigate experimentally three related questions: (1) the effects of small-scale changes in wealth on risk attitudes; (2) whether potential changes in risk attitudes induced by such wealth increment are affected by (a) by the span of time this small-scale change in wealth has been anticipated for, and (b) the form taken by the wealth increment. There are three major results. One, whether risk attitudes are affected by a small-scale change in wealth depends on the form taken by the wealth increment. Two, that failure in replicating "house" money effect suggests that people may treat windfall money differently from earned money. Three, that the attitudes to risk are stable over the span of time we investigate. Second, I investigate how cognitive ability relates to consistency of behaviour under risk. Individual behaviour can be consistent in several forms. I find that individuals with higher cognitive ability display more consistent behaviour - in terms of choice and displayed type of risk preferences. Yet, in contrast to some recent studies, I find that individual measures of attitudes toward risk are not associated with cognitive ability. Third, I investigate the efficacy of a punishment mechanism in promoting cooperative behaviour in a public goods game when enforcement of punishment is uncertain. Numerous experimental studies have found that a sanctioning system can promote cooperative behaviour. But they rely on perfect enforcement of punishment. I find that a sanctioning system can no longer promote cooperative behaviour in a public goods game when punishment enforcement is a low-probability event.
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McEwen, Marylyn Morris, Rogelio Andrès Elizondo-Pereo, Alice E. Pasvogel, Irene Meester, Javier Vargas-Villarreal, and Francisco González-Salazar. "A Modified Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System to Assess Diabetes Self-management Behaviors and Diabetes Care in Monterrey Mexico: A Cross-sectional Study." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625711.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of death from worldwide non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of diabetes in the Mexico (MX)-United States border states exceeds the national rate in both countries. The economic burden of diabetes, due to decreased productivity, disability, and medical costs, is staggering and increases significantly when T2DM-related complications occur. The purpose of this study was to use a modified behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) to describe the T2DM self-management behaviors, diabetes care, and health perception of a convenience sample of adults with T2DM in Monterrey, MX. This cross-sectional study design, with convenience sampling, was conducted with a convenience sample (n = 351) of adults in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, MX who self-reported a diagnosis of T2DM. Potential participants were recruited from local supermarkets. Twenty-six diabetes and health-related items were selected from the BRFSS and administered in face-to-face interviews by trained data collectors. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. The mean age was 47 years, and the mean length of time with T2DM was 12 years. The majority was taking oral medication and 34% required insulin. Daily self-monitoring of feet was performed by 56% of the participants; however, only 8.8% engaged in blood glucose self-monitoring. The mean number of health-care provider visits was 9.09 per year, and glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) was assessed 2.6 times per year. Finally, only 40.5% of the participants recalled having a dilated eye exam. We conclude the modified BRFSS survey administered in a face-to-face interview format is an appropriate tool for assessing engagement in T2DM self-management behaviors, diabetes care, and health perception. Extension of the use of this survey in a more rigorous design with a larger scale survey is encouraged.
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Räikkönen, Katri. "Type A behavior and coronary heart disease risk factors in Finnish children, adolescents and young adults." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, Dept. of Psychology, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=eA1sAAAAMAAJ.
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Anderson, Janet. "Risk-taking, dangerous behaviour in childhood." Thesis, University of East London, 2001. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3576/.
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This thesis describes qualitative research into risk-taking, dangerous behaviour in childhood using a post-Kleinian, psychoanalytic clinical approach. Risk-taking, dangerous behaviour itself has received no research attention, although a wider category of externalising behaviour has been the subject of many studies. Many factors have been identified which are associated with externalising behaviour but there is an absence of explanation between these factors and the problematic behaviour, neither a causal nor a meaningful link being made between them. Assessment and therapeutic treatments of children from three different age groups were undertaken. Clinical data from different sources were analysed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory, within a psychoanalytic framework. The factors already known to be associated with externalising behaviour were found to be present in the research families but none of these factors, nor other similarities and differences between families based on historical data, provided an organising principle enabling the risk-taking, dangerous behaviour to be understood. The organising principle which meaningfully discriminated between cases was the evident emotion of the parent or primary carer and an exploration of this revealed different emotional configurations in the parent-child relationship. Three different configurations were identified, emerging from the clinical material, which were linked to and extend established psychoanalytic theory. These were called illusory-haven, no-haven and periloushaven each of which is unsafe for the child. The connections made between these configurations and Oedipal theory gives the latter a central place in understanding the origin, structure and meaning of the risk-taking, dangerous behaviour. The concepts developed have significance for clinical work and are useful tools for any professionals working with children and families, helping them to identify different family patterns for which there are different strategies and different prognoses.
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Etheridge, B. "The effect of income risk, asset risk and policy risk on household behaviour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1354484/.
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This thesis quantitatively examines the types of risk that households face, how they prepare for these risks, and the effect of these risks on inequality. The first substantive chapter reviews the evolution of inequality over 1978 to 2005 in the UK along several dimensions and serves as an introduction to subsequent chapters. Following the inequality surge in the 1980s, inequality generally rose more slowly in the 1990s on most measures. The second chapter seeks to explain a puzzling episode in the evolution of inequality in the late 1990s: consumption inequality rose while income inequality fell. I explain this episode by accounting for two features of the UK economy over the period: a house price boom and a sequence of redistributive reforms by the new Labour government. I conclude that asset price movements and government policies can have a noticeable effect on `permanent' (consumption) inequality and that the redistributive effect of the reforms was largely undone by the coincident house price boom. The third chapter uses panel data over 1991 to 2006 to estimate the transmission of income shocks through to consumption. Only around 50% of `permanent' income shocks are transmitted. This estimate reconciles two views of risk over the period: long-lasting income fluctuations, measured by panel data on incomes alone, were high, while consumption risk, measured by the growth in consumption inequality, was much lower. The results further indicate that such income `shocks' are either not fully permanent or are often foreseen by younger households. The fourth chapter theoretically examines the precautionary savings motive for consecutive income risks. In most cases (and particularly when facing permanent shocks) households can combine saving for near-term risks with saving for long-term risks. I term this saving `complementary'. However, in some interesting cases, the interaction of future risks ampli es the precautionary motive.
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Llewellyn, David J. "The psychology of physical risk taking behaviour." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21203.
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This study investigates the psychology of risk taking, and in particular the personality profiles associated with different physical risk taking behaviours. It was hypothesised that there may be three fundamental approaches to risk: 'Risk avoiders' avoid activities they perceive to contain risk, 'risk reducers' participate in high risk activities in spite of the risks involved, and 'risk optimisers' who are motivated by the exposure to risk. An appropriate measure of subjective risk assessments was not identified in the existing literature, and the 27-item Physical Risk Assessment Inventory (PRAI) psychometric measure was therefore developed. After initial piloting the PRAI was administered to 407 subjects. Subsequent analyses revealed that two oblique factors accounted for much of the variance in physical risk assessments, and these were initially identified as "Sports" and "Health" factors. A wide ranging test battery (including the EPQ-R and selected scales of the ZKPQ) was th en administered to 113 subjects, and further analyses suggested that high risk sports and health risk behaviours were associated with independent psychological profiles. Health risk behaviours were associated with an "Antisocial" factor that was identified by high social and physical risk propensity, Sensation Seeking and Psychoticism. The participation in high risk sports loaded on a second "Venturesomeness" factor that was associated with high confidence, physical risk propensity, Sensation Seeking, peer behaviours and being male. A third "Physical Risk Assessment" factor was associated with high physical risk assessments, being female, and low Addiction scores. Multiple regression analyses suggested that 38% of health risk behaviours, and 60% of sports risk behaviours could be predicted by the variables included in this study. Convergent qualitative data provides additional support for the validity of thes fore appears to be limited to the role of Sensation Seeking and physical risk optimisation.
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Zhao, Gang. "The risk-related behaviour of financial intermediaries." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2436/.
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The following thesis contains four empirical chapters focusing on the contagion, interest rate, foreign exchange rate, and investment risk exposures of financial institutions, respectively. Chapter 1 provides an overarching view of the four empirical chapters and the main objective of the thesis. Chapter 2 examines the return and volatility spillovers among the financial sector portfolios across the global financial markets from an US investor’s perspective. The potential influence of the recent financial crisis on the return and risk interdependence among these sector portfolios has also been evaluated. Financial institutions with different characteristic and size have been examined separately as well as jointly. Chapter 3 and 4 investigate the interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk exposures of financial institutions, respectively. In chapter 3, we evaluate the impact of changes in term structure on the equity value of financial intermediaries across major economies. In chapter 4, the influences of both domestic and foreign currency fluctuations on the equity value of financial intermediaries are explored. Furthermore, we split the sample period into pre- and post-crisis period to investigate the potential impact of recent financial crisis on the interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk exposure of these financial intermediaries under examination. Chapter 5 focuses on the investment risk faced by financial institutions (mainly non-banking financial service firms, e.g. mutual funds, pension funds and hedge funds). We shed light on the economic value of correlation timing for dynamic asset allocation strategies. In order to further evaluate the influence of the rebalancing frequency on the economic value of the correlation timing, we assess the performance of the dynamic asset allocation strategy on both daily and monthly basis. Finally, chapter 6 provides the concluding remarks that summarize the thesis.
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Wilding, Sarah Elizabeth. "The question-behaviour effect in risk behaviours." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17829/.
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The question-behaviour effect (QBE) refers to the finding that asking individuals questions about their cognitions and/or behaviour or to predict future behaviour, can influence subsequent behaviour performance. Health risk behaviours are those behaviours that should be discouraged to produce favourable health outcomes such as smoking, excessive alcohol use and unhealthy eating. The current thesis aimed to investigate the influence of the QBE over health risk behaviours. It provides an original contribution to the literature in its focus on the QBE in these types of health behaviour. A comprehensive systematic review of the QBE literature demonstrated a small, significant effect of the QBE in general, however only 16 previous studies had been conducted investigating health risk behaviours and the majority of these focused on assessing behaviour at baseline. These previous studies produced a non-significant reduction in health risk behaviours as a result of the QBE. The systematic review identified a number of moderators of the QBE including setting. Seven empirical studies are presented here, conducted in a range of settings (field, online, and lab). The data presented show mixed evidence of the QBE for risk behaviours. A mini meta-analysis of the studies presented demonstrated an overall small and non-significant effect of the QBE on risk behaviours. The individual studies demonstrated that the QBE has the potential to increase and reduce these behaviours. Three lab studies demonstrated an increase in unhealthy snacking as a result of questioning intentions relating to behaviour. This was also supported in one of the online studies, where smoking tended to be greater in individuals questioned on this behaviour compared to control, although the difference in conditions was not significant in all measures of behaviour. However one online study demonstrated a significant reduction in multiple health behaviours (risk and protection), when the QBE was combined with a dissonance manipulation. The QBE has the potential to have a small influence over health risk behaviours and the studies presented here demonstrate that asking about these behaviours has the potential to increase them. The QBE may need to be combined with further manipulation focusing on motivation or dissonance to reduce these behaviours consistently.
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Wegner, Lisa. "Leisure boredom and risk behaviour in adolescence." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10747.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-216).There has been very little research investigating leisure boredom and risk behaviour among adolescents in South Africa. The purpose of the research reported in this thesis was to investigate how adolescents experience leisure and boredom in their free time, and how this is associated with risk behaviour - specifically substance use, sexual risk behaviour and premature school leaving (dropout). The thesis comprises five interrelated studies.
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Bunch, Kristin. "Risk taking behaviour in bipolar affective disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1176/.
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This piece of research was designed to explore the nature of risk taking behaviour and impulsivity in bipolar affective disorder. Involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential, or risk, for unwanted consequences forms one of the DSM IV diagnostic criteria for (hypo)mania; however, little research has investigated the prevalence of risk taking behaviour in this population, nor the possible meaning of such behaviour. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder have elevated trait levels of impulsivity, as well as increased levels of state impulsivity during mood episodes. Much research has theoretically linked impulsivity with risk taking behaviour; however, little research has measured both constructs simultaneously. Therefore, this research was designed to measure both the propensity to engage in risk taking behaviour and levels of impulsivity via multiple methods in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder who were currently euthymic, to establish a baseline measure in the absence of clinically significant symptomatology. Two control groups were used; one was comprised of individuals with no history of psychiatric disorder and a group of individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder, to establish the specificity of any findings to bipolar disorder rather than affective disorders in general. The bipolar group scored more highly on the behavioural measure of impulsivity and some aspects of the self-report measure than the two control groups, who did not differ significantly. the two clinical groups also reported higher levels of unhelpful coping strategies when experiencing depressed mood, including engaging in dangerous activities; however, there were no between groups differences on the behavioural risk taking task. The findings were discussed in relation to psychological models of bipolar disorders. Limitations of the research and ideas for future research were also discussed.
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Toben, Timothy P. "Differential psychophysiologic reactivity and the Type A behavior pattern." Scholarly Commons, 1985. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/485.
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Since 1975, many studies have attempted to show that Type As are sympathetically hyper-reactive to environmental stimuli compared to Type Bs. Inconsistencies in findings have led Holmes (1983} to 2 challenge the basic assumption that a link exists between the Type A behavior pattern and processes which precipitate development of coronary heart disease. The present.study was an attempt to isolate the organismic variable psycho-physiologic reactivity and demonstrate through a replication-extension of Holmes, McGilley, and Houston (1984} that individual psycho-physiologic reactivity rather than the personality profile of Type A is predictive of heightened arousal due to challenge. Reactive and nonreactive Type As and Type Bs were selected from a pool of 136 male undergraduates. All were exposed to increasingly difficult levels of the WAIS digits recall backwards and block design tasks, during which heart rate, blood pressure, and electrodermal response were measured. Results show reactives evinced significantly higher systolic blood pressure across challenges compared to nonreactives. Types As and Bs did not differ in their physiologic responses to challenges.
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Byers, Constance S. (Constance Susan). "Transactional Risk Factors and Coronary Atherosclerosis: The Impact of Type A Behavior, Hostility, and Defense Style." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935809/.
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The relationship of coronary-prone behavior, hostility, and defense style to atherosclerosis was examined. Subjects were 1,271 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Duke University Medical Center between 1974 and 1980. Type A behavior was assessed using both the Structured Interview and Jenkins Activity Survey. The Cook and Medley Hostility scale and Byrne's Repression-Sensitization scale, both subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, were employed to measure hostility and defense style. The results revealed no significant association between the disease end-points CADSEV, history of myocardial infarction, and history of angina pectoris and either the Structured Interview Type A, hostility, or repression-sensitization, Jenkins Activity Survey defined Type B's, however, were found to more frequently complain of angina. It was suggested future research employ longitudinal or process designs to focus on adaptive functioning from a transactional and developmental perspective which may serve to promote coronary resistance.
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Richter, Matthias. "Risk behaviour in adolescence patterns, determinants and consequences." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998909475/04.
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Petersmeyer, Claudia. "Adolescent risk behaviour as related to parenting styles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0003/NQ32763.pdf.
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Rigoni, Sally. "The risk handling behaviour of white water kayakers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62497.pdf.
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McNeill, Michelle. "Alcohol and its effects on risk-taking behaviour /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsm169.pdf.
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Pretty, Deborah J. "Essays in corporate risk behaviour, catastrophes and value." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390398.
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Elliott, Lawrence. "Needle exchanges : service delivery, uptake and risk behaviour." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/38967/.
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HIV among drug injectors had become a major problem in Scotland by the early 1990s. Of a total of 1,943 HIV infections reported in Scotland up to the end of 1991, 991 (51%) were related to injecting drug use (IDU). The threat of HIV spreading among drug injectors in Glasgow was intensified by a dramatic increase in the number of injectors in the early 1980s. This increase in injecting, together with the threat of HIV posed an enormous problem for existing drugs services in Glasgow. In 1986, the World Health Organisation suggested that supplying sterile needle and syringes to drug injectors could contribute to HIV. The decision to set up needle exchanges in the UK was made by Government in 1986. The first three needle exchanges in Scotland were opened in Glasgow (Ruchill Hospital), Dundee and Edinburgh in 1987. By 1992 there were eight needle exchanges operating in Glasgow. Research conducted up to 1991, (when the work for this thesis began), indicated that were eight key questions which should be answered in the course of an evaluation into needle exchanges. The answers to these questions were debated in the published literature. Four related to service delivery and four to service impact. These are central to this thesis.
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Kirkland, Denise. "Researching strategies for risk reduction in sexual behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192779/.
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This thesis is based in two parallel strands of research. The first is an exploration of the theoretical distinctions between two competing paradigms dominant in sexual health research: social cognition models and discourse theory. The second is an exploration of the practical use of a discourse theoretical approach to research accounts from people in the forty-something' age bracket about their experience of developing new sexually intimate relationships. Some developments in connectionist theory are used to explore some possible distinctions between implicit and explicit knowledge. These distinctions are then used to explore the scope of the two paradigms and, drawing on findings from the practical research, to discuss some implications for sexual health research and intervention.
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Baechler, Guillaume. "Investor Behaviour Facing Risk : Neurofinance and Financial Crises." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10022/document.
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Cette thèse étudie le comportement des investisseurs au travers de leur performance et de leurs attentes durant les crises financières de 2008-2011 et de leurs croyances. Elle se compose de trois chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre, nous faisons une revue de la littérature existante sur la performance des investisseurs individuels, leur biais comportementaux et leurs préférences. Nous montrons les principales lacunes en termes de performance des investisseurs individuels ainsi que leurs principaux biais comportementaux. Nous mettons également en lumière l’apport des neurosciences dans la compréhension du comportement des investisseurs individuels. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions l’impact des crises financières de 2008-2011 sur la performance des investisseurs individuels et leurs attentes à l’égard de leurs intermédiaires financiers dans quatre différents pays : Allemagne, Belgique, Luxembourg, France. Nous établissons également une comparaison en fonction du niveau de richesse des investisseurs à l’intérieur de chaque pays mais aussi globalement. Nos données proviennent de questionnaires distribués à des gestionnaires d’actifs dans les plus grandes banques des pays pris en considération ainsi que des données de marché historiques pour chacun de ces pays. Nous montrons que les investisseurs les plus fortunés sont les moins réfractaires à la prise de risque que ce soit avant ou après les crises financières, quel que soit le pays pris en considération. Nous remarquons aussi que ces derniers adoptent les stratégies d’investissement les moins conservatrices. Enfin nous notons un important changement des attentes des investisseurs par rapport à leurs intermédiaires financiers, demandant plus de transparence et un meilleur service clientèle, quel que soit le niveau de richesse. Nous montrons enfin que ces attentes peuvent être contradictoires notamment chez les investisseurs les moins fortunés. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous fournissons un test expérimental sur la formation des croyances chez les investisseurs individuels d’après le modèle de Brunnermeier et Parker (2005). Nous utilisons à cet effet une expérimentation avec deux loteries identiques exceptées leur skewness. Nous montrons que les participants à cette expérimentation ressentent des émotions par anticipation une fois qu’ils ont pris connaissance de la loterie à laquelle ils vont jouer. Ces émotions se forment à partir de la deuxième minute d’attente et restent stables jusqu’à ce qu’ils prennent connaissance de leurs gains. Par ailleurs, ces émotions par anticipation sont aussi fortes que celles ressenties une fois leurs gains connus. Enfin nous montrons que les sujets participants à la loterie avec une skewness positive présente moins de capacité d’auto régulation que les autres sujets. Les émotions qu’ils ressentent sont plus fortes et plus persistantes que chez les autresThis thesis studies the investors behaviour through their performance and their expectations during the 2008-2011 financial crises as well as their beliefs formation. It consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, we review the literature on individual investors performance, their behavioural biases and their preferences. We highlight their lack of performance on financial markets and their main behavioural biases. We also exhibit the contribution of neurosciences in the understanding of the investor’s brain. In the second chapter, we study the impacts of the 2008-2011 financial crises on individual investors returns and their expectations towards their financial intermediaries in four different countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg. We also consider investors differences regarding their endowment, inside each country and globally. Our dataset is extracted from questionnaires administered to asset managers in the main banks in the countries considered as well as historical market data for each country. We show that wealthier investors are less risk averse and their level of risk aversion has not changed with financial crises whatever the country considered. Furthermore, these wealthier investors adopt less conservative investment strategies than retail ones. We notice an important shift regarding the investors’ expectations towards their financial intermediaries, since the crises they ask for more transparency and more client services. We also show that these expectations may be contradictory a bit in retail investors. In the third chapter, we provide an experimental test of investors beliefs formations according to Brunnermeier and Parker model (2005). For this purpose, we use a two identical lotteries design except in terms of skewness. We show that participants to this experiment feel anticipatory emotions once they have learned the lottery they will play. These emotions are formed from the second waiting minute and remain stable until they learn their gains. Besides, anticipatory emotions are as strong as emotions felt once the payoffs known. Finally, we demonstrate that subjects participating in the positively skewed lottery exhibit less self-regulation than other subjects. Hence, their emotions are stronger and more persistent
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Parmenter, Kathryn Emma. "Nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265695.
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There is now unequivocal evidence that dietary behaviour is related to illness and risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Attempts to improve the nation's diet are based on providing information, assuming that given more information, the public will choose healthier diets. Many studies indicate, however, that nutrition knowledge has little association with dietary behaviour; but a review of the literature reveals that nutrition knowledge has been inadequately measured. In addition, dietary behaviour has been assessed in terms of food intake and not in relation to changes in, or readiness to change, food intake. Following the Introduction, this research begins, in Chapter 2, by reviewing the literature measuring nutrition knowledge. It is found that while many studies measure knowledge, typically the measure forms only part of the study which assesses either a particular subpopulation or a particular aspect of nutrition. In consequence, questionnaires are designed for a one-off and specific purpose and little attention is paid to the psychometric properties of the instrument. Dietary behaviour is measured with one of the well-established methods of assessing intake, the problems of which are acknowledged in the literature. Chapter 3 describes these methods with their shortcomings and use in psychological research. In response to these reviews, a comprehensive nutrition knowledge questionnaire was developed (in 1994) and intake was conceptualised in terms of dietary change, in keeping with psychologists' role in nutrition. Following the development and pilot study of this questionnaire (Chapter 4), its validity and reliability were assessed further in Chapter 5, with positive results. Significant differences were found between criterion groups (dietetic and computer science students), providing evidence of construct validity. Internal consistency correlations ranged from 0.50 to 0.92 and test-retest reliability correlations ranged from 0.80 to 0.98. This measure was then used (Chapter 6) to assess the level of nutrition knowledge among a large representative sample of British adults in a postal survey (in 1995). Nutrition knowledge was found to be poor concerning the dietary recommendations for meat, starchy foods, fruit and vegetables; the different types of fat (saturated, poly- and monounsaturated); and associations between diet and diseases, such as fruit and vegetables, heart disease and cancer. Both stages of change (using Prochaska and DiClemente's model) and consumption of fat, fruit and vegetables (to test the stages' validity) were also assessed as measures of dietary behaviour. Most respondents replied that they had been limiting their fat intake for more than 6 months, but not been thinking of increasing their fruit and vegetable intake. Multivariate analyses showed that being female, having more educational qualifications and being in a higher socioeconomic class were predictive of knowing more about nutrition and having a healthier dietary behaviour. Relationships between nutrition knowledge, stages of change and dietary intake were examined in Chapter 7 and significant associations identified. In contrast to this cross-sectional research, the final study in Chapter 8 was longitudinal and examined changes in nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviour over a one-year period (from 1993 to 1994). This study aimed to provide information on the extent to which healthier changes in dietary intake are related to increases in nutrition knowledge. While changes occurred in dietary intake (fat and sugar intake decreased significantly, the increases in fruit and vegetable consumption were insignificant), knowledge scores remained unchanged. The final chapter discusses the key findings of this research, its implications and areas worthy of future investigation. For example, the results from this research suggest that knowledge is an important factor in food choice and should not be discounted as a part of health promotion. It may also be useful to integrate the construct of knowledge into the social cognition models of dietary choice or indeed to develop a new model to include knowledge along with motivational constructs from the social cognition models.
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Nabi, Md Ekramun. "Investigations on the behaviour and properties of different types of unilamellar vesicles." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979507464.
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Shah, Payal S. "Awareness of Diabetes Risk and Adoption of Diabetes Risk Reduction Behaviors in the Presence of Other Risk Factors in U.S Adults: An Examination of NHANES Data 2007-2008." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/188.
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ABSTRACT
Background: Prediabetes is a precursor condition to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous research and clinical trials have shown that the onset of type 2 diabetes could be delayed or prevented through structured life style modifications such as dietary changes, modest weight loss and moderate-intensity exercise. This study examines U.S adults of different ethnicities that include non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Mexican Americans and whether their awareness of diabetes risk is associated with their participation in diabetes risk reduction behavior, a combination of physical activity, weight control and fat/calories intake.
Methods: The 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES, was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of 4083 U.S. adults who were 20 years old and above and were aware of their diabetes risk. The association between the awareness of one’s diabetes risk and the adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior were examined in present of other risk factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, education, annual family income, BMI, hypertension, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels. Males and females were examined separately for all analyses performed. Cross tabulation was conducted and p-values were calculated by the Pearson’s chi-square test for the categorical variables which include gender, ethnicity, education, annual family income, adiposity and hypertension. One Way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were conducted for the continuous variables which include age, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between the main independent variable, awareness of one’s diabetes risk, and the dependent variable, adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior, controlling for other risk factors. A p-value of <0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical significance throughout all analyses performed.
Results: After controlling for age, gender, race, education, annual family income, BMI, hypertension, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, results from the multivariate analysis showed that subjects who were aware of their diabetes risk were more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior (OR= 1,734, 95 % CI=1.217-2.470). Females and non-Hispanic blacks, who were aware of their diabetes risk, were also more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior compared to males, non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. An increase in the levels of education, annual family income and BMI was also associated with the adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior. Stratification according to gender and ethnicity, showed that Mexican American males and females were more likely to engage in diabetes risk reduction behavior compared to non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks (Mexican American males: OR: 2.496, CI: 0.792-7.868; Mexican American females: OR: 2.830, CI: 0.917-8.736).
Conclusion: This study provides useful insights for health care providers and public health professionals who are developing health promotion and prevention interventions to address pre diabetes before it develops into type 2 diabetes. This study also allows the development of tailored interventions for specific genders and ethnic groups that are at risk. Results of this study indicate that Mexican Americans and females (in general) are more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior. Therefore, physicians and health care providers should develop culturally, linguistically and gender- specific education materials and programs for this particular gender and ethnic group. This in turn, may reduce the overall increasing prevalence of diabetes, reduce racial and gender disparities and may have a positive impact on the overall health of the U.S. population.
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Brugiavini, Agar. "Longevity risk and the life cycle." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261971.
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Gallaher, Kali R. "Types of Carbohydrate and Health Risk Factor Associations in Female Runners." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492534749793095.
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Almberg, Johan. "Variation in proactive - reactive personality types in the red junglefowl." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95883.
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It has been shown in many species that individuals exhibit consistent differences in behaviour over time and/or across situations. These differences in behaviour are called personality. One way to categorise personality types typically used for rodents, is along a proactive-reactive gradient, which describes how individuals cope with stressful challenges. Proactive individuals pay less attention to their environment, form routines easily and take longer to adapt when routines are broken compared to reactive individuals. Avian species have to date rarely been described along this gradient, thus the generality of this description across species is unclear. The present study has investigated variation in proactivity-reactivity in red junglefowl chicks (Gallus gallus). To observe the chicks’ coping styles, a proactive-reactive test was conducted where the chicks were trained to form a routine, which was then broken. Their behavioural response to this was recorded and used as a measure for proactivity-reactivity. The behavioural response was then linked to individual behavioural variation in additional personality assays. Individuals that were more vigilant in the proactive-reactive test often uttered stress calls and took longer to complete the test. In contrast, individuals that walked more and did not utter stress calls had a shorter time to complete the test. These findings can be used to describe proactive red junglefowl chicks; those that are more stressed when routines are broken, compared to calmer reactive individuals. I found no difference in routine formation between proactive and reactive red junglefowl chicks, suggesting that what describes proactive and reactive individuals may vary across species.
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Mittendorfer, Rutz Ellenor. "Perinatal and familial risk factors of youth suicidal behaviour /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-476-7/.
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Ioannou, Christos. "The importance of predator behaviour on risk to prey." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/275/.
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Both predator and prey have evolved to maximise reproductive success by balancing food intake with risk. There has been a bias in predator-prey studies, where prey behaviour has been examined in detail, yet predators are assumed to follow simplistic rules. I use three-spined sticklebacks predating upon invertebrate prey to test a range of ways in which prey risk was hypothesised to be affected by predator behaviour. The relationship between encounter rate and prey density has been recently shown not to be directly proportional, and theoretical arguments have been made that predator search behaviour can explain this trend. I test these arguments, and show acceleration of a predator's search path can in fact lead to the observed less-than-directly proportional relationship between prey density and encounter rate. The perceptual constraints of predators can have major impacts on prey risk. Once encountered, an attack was more likely when prey were encountered late in a search, probably due to a decrease in anti-predator vigilance as the fish became more habituated to the arena. In a subsequent study, larger groups of prey were more quickly found, as were larger numbers of groups. This led to the conclusion that the field of attention is a subset of the total visual field, and this is also supported by denser prey being more conspicuous. Although the predator responded to increased prey group size and density with a reduced time to detect and attack prey, attacks on such groups were less successful due to the confusion effect. Interestingly, I show the effect of prey density to be sensitive to spatial scale, where a large-scale measure of density affected conspicuousness and a small-scale measure affected attack success. This was explained by a reduction in the total number of prey in the visual field as a group of prey is approached and attacked. In the final chapter, I turn my attention to differences in temperament within a predator population, and how this affects prey risk. As expected, bolder fish represented a greater risk to the prey. However, as larger fish tended to be more bold, suggesting boldness was driven by their perception of predation risk, a within community behaviourally-mediated trophic cascade may occur. where the risk to prey is driven by their predators' own perceived risk of predation. This shows that optimal foraging decisions under the threat of predation, as well as perceptual constraints, can mediate the effect of predator behaviour on prey risk.
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Grant, Suzanne Adele. "Risk-taking behaviour : influences of incidental and integral emotions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582117.
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Theoretical perspectives (ATF, Lerner & Keltner, 2000, 2001) on emotion and risk- taking posit that differences in risk-propensity and risk choice between angry and anxious individuals can be predicted on the basis of the appraisal dimensions which define these emotions. The thesis aimed to test these predictions across three studies of trait emotions, incidental affective states and integral emotions. Study one examined differences in reported risk-taking between trait angry and trait anxious individuals. A large scale study (N = 1961) was conducted which saw the development and validation of the General Risk Accessibility and Behaviour scale (GRAB); differences between trait angry and trait anxious were then assessed in terms of current risk-taking behaviours. Findings indicated a reliable and stable factor structure as well as strong construct validity of the GRAB. Hypotheses were partially supported insofar as trait anger was found to be more strongly associated with risk- taking than trait anxiety. However, trait anxious individuals were found to take greater dietary risks than trait angry individuals and were also found to demonstrate positive associations with risk-taking with regards to health-threatening behaviours. Study two focused on the manipulation of immediate anger and anxiety during an emotional Stroop task in order to assess whether angry and anxious individuals differed in their attentional bias towards risk-related stimuli. No Stroop effect however, was demonstrated. Possible explanations were offered in terms of distraction effects caused by the manipulation techniques. Difficulties encountered with the emotion manipulations during study two, prompted the need for a more naturalistic method for inducing emotions. The final study therefore aimed to test ATF predictions in a more naturalistic context. The use of the Leeds Advanced Driving Simulator (LADS) enabled manipulations of immediate integral emotions based upon other driver behaviour. Findings from the final study demonstrated that angry drivers drove at faster speeds and demonstrated shorter time headway and shorter time to collision compared to fearful drivers during the lane drop and contraflow scenarios. However, fearful drivers were found to drive faster throughout the narrow lanes scenarios. Overall the thesis provides partial support for the Appraisal Tendency Framework (Lerner & Keltner, 2000, 2001) in predicting differences in risk-taking between angry and anxious individuals. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Marimo, Pricilla. "Essays on communication and behaviour under risk and ambiguity." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14394.
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This dissertation consists of three chapters focusing on behaviour under risk and ambiguity. The first chapter analysed the best method to communicate risk information to weather forecast users whilst the last two analysed smallholder farmers’ and students’ decision making on crop selection when presented with uncertainty information of drought. In the first chapter, experimental economics methods were used to assess forecast user understanding of information in temperature forecast. We tested whether undergraduate students presented with uncertainty information (90th percent confidence intervals) in a table and bar graph format were able to correctly understand the forecast and use the extra information to choose the “correct" (most probable) outcome than if they are presented with a deterministic forecast. Participants from the University of Exeter were asked to choose the most probable temperature outcome between a set of “lotteries” based on the temperature up to five days ahead. If they chose a true statement, participants were rewarded with a cash payment. Results indicate that on average participants provided with uncertainty information performed better than those without. Statistical analysis indicates a possible learning effect as the experiment progressed. The second chapter assesses if there are gender differences in the behaviour of smallholder Zimbabwean farmers when faced with risk and ambiguity. The risk and ambiguity preferences of male and female farmers were elicited using a modified Holt and Laury (2002) field experiment. Farmers were asked to choose whether or not to adopt a new drought tolerant variety under different probabilities of a drought occurring. Subjects in one group were presented with known probabilities whilst another group was presented with ambiguous probabilities (range). Most of the farmers’ exhibited extreme ambiguity and risk aversion and female farmers were more averse. Results indicate heterogeneity and the need to disaggregate samples when analysing research results as there maybe underlying factors affecting different groups. The third chapter elicited the risk and ambiguity attitudes of vocational college students in Zimbabwe. Results indicate that in general, students were both risk averse and ambiguity averse. Those presented with the risk treatment were less risk averse compared with those shown the ambiguity treatment. Participants who were presented with the ambiguity treatment behaved as pessimists and perhaps made decisions based on probability of drought that was higher than the provided centre of the range. We found gender differences in risk attitudes: contrary to the norm, female participants were less risk averse compared to their male counterparts. This is however when all subjects are pooled together. Results also indicate that a higher certain payoff perhaps incentivises consistency and increases risk aversion. The data seems to indicate anchoring effects from varying the order the probability of drought was presented.
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Idele, Priscilla Atwani. "Perception of AIDS risk and sexual behaviour in Kenya." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249671.
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Tan, Min. "Regime switching behaviour of the UK equity risk premium." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4400/.
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We apply regime-switching models to study the dynamic switching behaviour of equity risk premia. Traditionally, equity risk premia have been estimated assuming a single regime exists. Regime-switching models allow for the existence of two, or more, regimes. Three regime-switching models are employed: structural break models, threshold models and Markov regime-switching models. Both structural break models and threshold models assume that the switching mechanism is deterministic. The former allow for only a single break and the state variable is solely determined by time. Under the latter, multiple changes are allowed and the state variable is determined by an observable variable with respect to an unobserved threshold. In Markov regime-switching models, equity risk premia are allowed to switch probabilistically for each observation. This is achieved by introducing a state variable which is governed by a Markov process. To capture the co-movements among financial variables, we extend regime-switching models to a VAR framework, employing threshold autoregressive vector models and Markov regime-switching vector models. We estimate models of UK equity risk premia conditionally on the state variable which is related to business conditions. The results of non-linearity tests favour regime-switching models and suggest that regime-switching is an important characteristic of UK equity risk premia.
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Sicilia, Anna. "Risk-taking behaviour in people diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/87375/.
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This thesis was designed to explore the nature of risk-taking behaviour in people diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (BD). Research has traditionally attributed risk-taking behaviour in BD to difficulties in impulse control. Nonetheless, impulsivity remains predominantly measured using self-report questionnaires, with dubious validity. The links between impulsivity and risk-taking have also been challenged by new research in the field of decision-making suggesting a different conceptualisation of this often misunderstood set of behaviours. In particular, Fuzzy Trace Theory (FTT) offers an interesting framework to understand risk-taking as a “rational/deliberate” act, rather than an impulsive one, providing evidence for a “reasoned route” to risk-taking. This piece of research comprised of a systematic review, an empirical paper and a critical appraisal. The aim of the systematic review was to clarify whether there is consistent evidence to suggest that risk-taking behaviours are more prevalent in people diagnosed with BD compared to controls. Clinical and demographic predictors of risk-taking in BD were also explored. The research paper aimed at characterising a group of people with BD in the context of FTT and to explore whether measures of FTT were predictive of higher risk-taking tendencies after controlling for impulsivity and mood. Finally, the critical appraisal aimed at discussing the dilemma of conducting quantitative research as a trainee clinical psychologist. The review suggested that people diagnosed with BD are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviour, but that this is dependent on mood state and mainly prevalent during states of mania. Some evidence in support of clinical and demographic predictors of risktaking in BD was also found. The empirical paper also supported the hypothesis that FTT predicts risk-taking behaviour, even after accounting for the effects of mood and impulsivity. The findings were discussed in relation to previous research on the topic.
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Arabiat, Ahmad. "Modelling construction client risk performance using organisation behaviour parameters." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14887.
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The role of client in inducing project risk has not been adequately covered and the construction industry. A focus on this aspect of risk should enable construction to square up the 'risk circle' for managing projects and contribute to the general development of risk management strategies for construction organisations. The thesis investigates the client role from an organisational behaviour perspective. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether organisational characteristics influence risk management behaviour for the client, and whether these characteristics affect the project risk performance positively or negatively. The objectives of the research that underpin the thesis were three-fold. First it was to explore the organisational characterisation of the construction client in the management of risk within the project environment. Second, it was to establish the effect of the client's risk behaviour on the project. Third, to identify the dominant parameters which affect client risk management, and to investigate the interaction between the parameters and the client's risk management practices and attributes. Establishing such interaction will show how the parameters explain the nature and extent of risk transfer from the organisational into the project. It also facilitate the provision of a guidance to define the client organisational attributes that are sensitive to project risk, or those attributes that are not. The study adopted a competing values framework on organisation behaviour that resulted in an elicitation instrument for testing the relationship between organisational characteristics and risk performance. Data was obtained by surveying a sample of client organisations who are actively engaged in procuring projects in the UK construction industry. The outcome of the research showed that the parameters that are represented in the competing values framework (namely, Open system, Rational model, Internal process, and Human resources) affected the risk practices and attributes of the client in different ways. The outcome specifically showed that the Rational Model has a significant positive influence on risk performance while the Internal Process has a significant negative influence on risk performance. Both the Open system and Human resources showed insignificant influence. This supports the notion that construction risk is part of a functional system that extends to the client risk performance and that the client organisational characteristics contribute to the risk behaviour within the construction project. The thesis offers two very significant contributions to the body of knowledge that underpins the management of risk in project and construction organisations: namely, the contribution to the level of risk made by the client organisations should form part of the considerations in any project appraisal; and the risk contributions by the client should address the Rational model and Internal process contexts of their organisation.
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Haigney, Diane. "Assessing compensatory behaviour in driving." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368989.
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Hinves, Diane L. "The relationship between behaviour and language in students at risk for a disruptive behaviour disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0009/NQ59598.pdf.
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Kress, Stephanie C. "Women's risk of sexual coercion through type of responding personality characteristics and typical behaviors /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-2/rp/kresss/stephaniekress.pdf.
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Brace, Aaron. "Induced impulsiveness? : eating behaviour and the modulation of behavioural sub-types of impulsivity." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61021/.
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Previous research has implicated the role of food associated cues or pre-task reward exposure with eating behaviour. Eating behaviour (specifically overeating) has itself been associated with subtypes of impulsivity. To date, no research has examined the direct relationship between (food) reward-associated cues, or rewarding food exposure on behavioural impulsivity – a possible underlying mechanism. This thesis aimed to examine how behavioural impulsivity may be modulated by external cues, or by hedonic reward consumption, and how this interacts with eating attitudes (TFEQ). Experiment 1 examined the aims explicitly, giving participants a hedonic preload (or nothing) before they completed impulsivity tasks. Those who received a preload were more impulsive in terms of their impulsive choice, and inhibitory control than those who had not received a preload. This effect did not replicate in experiment 3, where 2 further conditions were added, a non-hedonic preload, and an anticipation condition, but no differences were found between the groups. Experiment 4 conditioned rewarding cues to novel stimuli, and presented them before the behavioural tasks, but again, no difference was found between the groups. This thesis discusses the theoretical and methodological concepts, which may explain some of these null findings. Experiment 2 aimed to examine how the reinforcing value of food (RRV) may be associated with types of impulsivity. However, no relationship was found between RRV and impulsivity, but RRV was consistent in predicting ad libitum food intake, as shown in previous studies. Chapter 6 of this thesis is a meta-analysis of our laboratory's research linking delayed discounting (DDT), the TFEQ, and cue exposure paradigms. The analysis showed that those in high in dietary disinhibition (TFEQ-D) who were shown food cues, or consumed a hedonic preload were more impulsive on the DDT than those high in TFEQ-D that did not consume anything. The key limitations of this thesis are discussed, most notably the lack of statistical power in the experimental studies conducted. The general discussion of this thesis discusses the important implications of this finding in understanding modulation of behavioural impulsivity.
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Urrunaga, Nicole, José E. Montoya-Medina, J. Jaime Miranda, Miguel Moscoso-Porras, María K. Cárdenas, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Robert H. Gilman, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Attitudes, health lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic risk factors among relatives of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Elsevier Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653763.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Objective: To describe and compare attitudes, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiometabolic risk factors between individuals with and without a relative with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in the same household. Methods: A secondary analysis of baseline data from an implementation study in Peru was conducted. The outcomes were attitudes towards changing lifestyle behaviors (e.g. intentions towards losing weight, increasing physical activity, reducing salt consumption, etc), profiles of health lifestyle behaviors (e.g. daily smoking, heavy drinking, and physical activity), and cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g., overweight [body mass index ≥25 kg/m2] and hypertension); whereas the exposure was the presence of at least one relative with known diagnosis of T2DM living in the same household. Multilevel logistic mixed effect regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: A total of 2298 records, 1134 (49.4%) males, mean age 43.3 (SD: 17.2) years, were analyzed. There was no evidence of a difference in lifestyle-changing attitudes, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity levels, and hypertension between individuals with and without relatives with T2DM. Overweight was 63% more common among individuals having a relative with a T2DM in multivariable model (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03–2.61). Conclusions: Individuals with relatives with T2DM have higher probabilities of being overweight compared to those who did not have relatives with T2DM in the same household. The absence of differences on lifestyle-related attitudes and behaviors highlight the need of involving relatives of patients with T2DM on intervention strategies to further enhance diabetes prevention and management efforts.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Revisión por pares
Revisión por pares
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Gorham, Tyler James. "Investigation of cyanobacterial blooms as an environmental risk factorfor various cancer types." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494055981679989.
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Archer, Debra Catherine. "Horse and management level risk factors for specific types of equine colic." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440775.
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Price, Eleanor Lisa. "Risk factors for boys' psychologically abusive behaviour in dating relationships." Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/382.
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Price, Eleanor Lisa. "Risk factors for boys' psychologically abusive behaviour in dating relationships." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ62177.pdf.
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Lange, Anita. "Smoking behaviour, risk perceptions and health practices of nursing students /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpml274.pdf.
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