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Academic literature on the topic 'Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten Mites Apples'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten Mites Apples"

1

Marshall, D. B., H. M. A. Thistlewood, and P. J. Lester. "Release, establishment, and movement of the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on apple." Canadian Entomologist 133, no. 2 (April 2001): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent133279-2.

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AbstractIn Ontario apple [Malus × domestica Mill. (Rosaceae)] orchards, the application of certain pesticides kills phytoseiid predatory mites and causes outbreaks of phytophagous mites. We released a strain of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae), obtained from Nova Scotia and with organophosphate- and pyrethroid-resistant traits, into adjacent ’McIntosh’ and ’Red Delicious’ apple orchards and followed its progress over four seasons. The T. pyri strain established in the orchards, became the dominant predator, and was associated with low densities of the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi Koch and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae). It moved slowly through the orchards and took 4 years to reach the 28th tree (84 m) from the release point in both orchards. The predominant wind direction did not appear to influence T. pyri movement. It was present in high numbers on release trees, or trees near these release trees, each summer after release, unlike other predatory species including Typhlodromus caudiglans (Schuster) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae). This species appears particularly useful for biological control of phytophagous mites in Ontario and is worthy of further testing for conservation and augmentative release.
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Croft, B. A., P. Shearer, G. J. Fields, and H. W. Riedl. "DISTRIBUTION OF METASEIULUS OCCIDENTALIS (NESBITT) AND TYPHLODROMUS PYRI SCHEUTEN (PARASITIFORMES: PHYTOSEIIDAE) IN APPLE ORCHARDS OF THE HOOD RIVER VALLEY, OREGON." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 1 (February 1990): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1225-1.

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AbstractIn a survey of predaceous phytoseiid mites from 65 apple blocks in the Hood River Valley, Oregon, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten were the principal species present. Metaseiulus occidentalis predominated over T. pyri by a ratio of about 2:1 in 1984 mites collected during 1985. In experimental, commercial, and integrated pest management blocks, M. occidentalis was present alone or predominated over T. pyri in up to 88% of the blocks, whereas T. pyri occurred alone or predominated in up to 20% of the blocks. Both species occurred in near equal proportions in a maximum of 20% of blocks. An analysis of nine factors influencing the relative abundance of M. occidentalis and T. pyri indicated that vegetation in the habitat surrounding the block and the pesticides used were most important. In 1986, seasonal distributions and proportions of predatory mites found in individual blocks were similar to those found in 1985. The feasibility of managing mixed populations of T. pyri and M. occidentalis in Hood River orchards is discussed.
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Valentine, BJ, GM Gurr, and WG Thwaite. "Efficacy of the insect growth regulators tebufenozide and fenoxycarb for lepidopteran pest control in apples, and their compatibility with biological control for integrated pest management." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 4 (1996): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960501.

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The insect growth regulators tebufenozide and fenoxycarb were compared with the industry standard organophosphate, azinphos-methyl, in a replicated field trial. In both the 1992-93 and 1993-94 seasons, the 2 insect growth regulators maintained damage levels to harvested and windfall apples below 1% for both codling moth (Cydia pornonella L.) and lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker). This was despite considerable pest pressure as indicated by pheromone trap catches of both species. In the first season of the trial, E. postvittana was controlled more effectively (P<0.05) by tebufenozide than by fenoxycarb. In both seasons, populations of two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, were higher in plots under azinphos-methyl treatment than in either insect growth regulator treatment. Neither insect growth regulator appeared to suppress populations of the phytoseiids Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt. Limb jarring in the second season showed statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in populations of other predators which may have contributed to the biological control of phytophagous mites in the insect growth regulator treatments. Numbers of spiders, Stethorus spp., and apple dimpling bug (Carnpylomma liebknechti Girault) nymphs were all lower in the azinphos-methyl treatment. Results are discussed in relation to reducing dependence on conventional pesticides by use of more target-specific compounds which may be more compatible with biological control.
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4

Thistlewood, H. M. A. "A SURVEY OF PREDATORY MITES IN ONTARIO APPLE ORCHARDS WITH DIVERSE PESTICIDE PROGRAMS." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 6 (December 1991): 1163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1231163-6.

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AbstractLeaves were collected between 28 July and 10 September from 36 (1986) and 85 (1987) apple orchards, and examined for mites. Twelve species of Phytoseiidae were found: Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), Typhlodromus longipilus Nesbitt, A. andersoni (Chant), T. caudiglans Schuster, T. pyri Scheuten, T. pomi (Parrott), Phytoseius macropilis (Banks), T. herbertae Chant, A. driggeri Specht, A. finlandicus (Oudemans), T. conspicuus (Garman), and A. pusillus (Kennett), in order of frequency. The stigmaeid mites Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and Agistemus fleschneri Summers, a complex of erythraeid mites of Balaustium spp. and Hauptmannia spp., and tydeid mites, primarily Tydeus spp., were other common predatory species. Species of Tetranychidae, Bdellidae, Eriophyidae, Winterschmidtiidae, and Tarsonemidae, also were collected.Predatory mites were present each season in all abandoned orchards and in 43–74% of the commercial orchards. Their abundance in commercial orchards was compared with the use of insecticides applied only for control of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.). Fewer (P < 0.05) phytoseiids occurred where pyrethroids were employed than in sites without pyrethroids, but differences were not found for similar use of the carbamoyl oxime, methomyl. Fewer (P < 0.05) stigmaeids occurred in sites treated with methomyl than in sites without methomyl, whereas such differences were not found for pyrethroid use.
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5

Croft, B. A., and I. V. Macrae. "Biological Control of Apple Mites by Mixed Populations of Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Environmental Entomology 21, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/21.1.202.

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6

Lorenzon, Mauro, Alberto Pozzebon, and Carlo Duso. "Biological control of spider mites in North-Italian vineyards using pesticide resistant predatory mites." Acarologia 58, Suppl (September 28, 2018): 98–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184277.

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The success of phytoseiid mite releases to control spider mites [Eotetranychus carpini (Oudemans) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] on grapevines can be influenced by pesticide use and competition with local predatory mites. In field experiments we evaluated the effect of the release of Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten strains showing field resistance to organophosphates and dithiocarbamates. Predatory mites were released in two vineyards infested by spider mites despite the occurrence of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) and/or Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga. Single or mixed releases were planned. Spider mite populations were not effectively controlled by local predatory mites while successful control was achieved by released species. The effects of releases were higher in the second experimental year. In most cases A. andersoni densities were reduced by T. pyri and K. aberrans releases. Ph. finitimus suffered less than A. andersoni from intraguild predation. Among released species, the effect of the presence of a competitor was higher on T. pyri than on K. aberrans. Results suggest that the outcome of intraguild predation is prey-mediated. The equilibrium level between K. aberrans and T. pyri may depend on which spider mite species is the shared prey. The implications in management of spider mites on grapevines are discussed.
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Auger, Philippe, Romain Bonafos, and Serge Kreiter. "Mancozeb resistance patterns among Kampimodromus aberrans and Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) strains from French vineyards." Canadian Entomologist 136, no. 5 (October 2004): 663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-115.

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AbstractLaboratory bioassays were carried out on two species of phytoseiid mites to investigate their resistance to the fungicide mancozeb. Susceptible and suspected resistant strains of Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten were tested. Mancozeb resistance factors were low to moderate: they reached 6.3 and 11.7 for K. aberrans and T. pyri, respectively. Intrinsic toxicity of mancozeb was approximately 5–10-fold more pronounced in females of K. aberrans than in females of T. pyri. The female susceptibility pattern of the most resistant strain of K. aberrans was quite close to that of the most susceptible strain of T. pyri. The LC50 values for the most resistant strains of K. aberrans and T. pyri were 4.6 and 43 times higher, respectively, than the maximum field application rate of mancozeb recommended for control of downy mildew in vineyards. Using a diagnostic concentration, a limited survey in vine plots indicated that most of the K. aberrans strains we tested were susceptible to mancozeb, but a few consisted of both resistant and susceptible individuals. All strains of T. pyri collected in Burgundy were susceptible. Half of the T. pyri strains from Bordeaux were susceptible and the other half were mixed populations of resistant and susceptible individuals.
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8

Perrot-Minnot, Marie-Jeanne, and Maria Navajas. "Biparental inheritance of RAPD markers in males of the pseudo-arrhenotokous mite Typhlodromus pyri." Genome 38, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-110.

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In pseudo-arrhenotokous mites, haploid males develop from fertilized eggs that undergo paternal genome loss (PGL) during early embryogenesis. We present evidence that some of the paternal genome may be retained in males of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Two reproductively compatible populations were differentiated by two random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and the inheritance pattern in the offspring was analysed. Maternal transmission rates are variable and independent of the sex of the offspring and of the marker. These data suggest a nuclear origin and independent segregation of the markers. One marker (330 base pairs (bp)) was paternally transmitted to male as well as female offspring, the other (990 bp) was paternally transmitted to all females and some of the male offspring. We propose that the paternal set of inactivated chromosomes may be partially retained in some tissues of the haploid males or, alternatively, that a B chromosome does not follow the process of PGL in male embryos, thereby segregating with the maternal set. The possible mechanisms controlling the condensation and the segregation of the chromosome(s) retained are discussed on the basis of current hypotheses on chromosome inactivation in insects.Key words: pseudo-arrhenotoky, paternal genome loss, haplodiploidy, RAPD, phytoseiid mites.
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9

Möth, Stefan, Andreas Walzer, Markus Redl, Božana Petrović, Christoph Hoffmann, and Silvia Winter. "Unexpected Effects of Local Management and Landscape Composition on Predatory Mites and Their Food Resources in Vineyards." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020180.

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Viticultural practices and landscape composition are the main drivers influencing biological pest control in vineyards. Predatory mites, mainly phytoseiid (Phytoseiidae) and tydeoid mites (Tydeidae), are important to control phytophagous mites (Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae) on vines. In the absence of arthropod prey, pollen is an important food source for predatory mites. In 32 paired vineyards located in Burgenland/Austria, we examined the effect of landscape composition, management type (organic/integrated), pesticide use, and cover crop diversity of the inter-row on the densities of phytoseiid, tydeoid, and phytophagous mites. In addition, we sampled pollen on vine leaves. Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten was the main phytoseiid mite species and Tydeus goetzi Schruft the main tydeoid species. Interestingly, the area-related acute pesticide toxicity loading was higher in organic than in integrated vineyards. The densities of phytoseiid and tydeoid mites was higher in integrated vineyards and in vineyards with spontaneous vegetation. Their population also profited from an increased viticultural area at the landscape scale. Eriophyoid mite densities were extremely low across all vineyards and spider mites were absent. Biological pest control of phytophagous mites benefits from less intensive pesticide use and spontaneous vegetation cover in vineyard inter-rows, which should be considered in agri-environmental schemes.
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10

Hadam, J. J., M. T. Aliniazee, and B. A. Croft. "Phytoseiid Mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) of Major Crops in Willamette Valley, Oregon, and Pesticide Resistance in Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten." Environmental Entomology 15, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/15.6.1255.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten Mites Apples"

1

Fitzgerald, Jean D. "Resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), an important biocontrol agent in apple orchards." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298983.

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2

Dunley, John E. "Genetics and gene flow of organophosphate resistance in three predatory mites, Amblyseius andersoni Chant, Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Metaseiulus occidentalis Nesbitt (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), in Oregon." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36358.

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Genetics, gene flow, and distribution of pesticide resistance traits were examined for organophosphate (OP) resistance in three beneficial phytoseiid mites. Levels and genetics of OP resistance in Amblyseius andersoni were examined first. Laboratory strains from Italy and Oregon, USA, were compared in susceptibility to insecticides used in western Oregon fruit crops. The Italian strain was 80-100 times more resistant to the OPs azinphosmethyl, diazinon, malathion, and phosalone, as well as carbaryl, a carbamate. Significant differences were not found between strains for endosulfan or fenvalerate. Using backcross analysis, response of F1 hybrids to azinphosmethyl indicated OP resistance was semidominant. Through novel statistical analysis, backcross of F1 to parent strains revealed resistance was polygenic, with at least two loci. Reciprocal crosses demonstrated the presence of maternal effects, with increased variation associated with progeny of Oregon females. In the next set of experiments, electrophoresis of allozymes was used to estimate gene flow for Typhlodromus pyri. Ten populations from two apple growing valleys of Oregon were compared. Subpopulations were collected from in and around commercial apple orchards. Four loci unaffected by pesticide use were examined. FST was calculated at 0.115, and Nm as 2.08. No allelic patterns could be discerned for populations among or within valleys; however, more variation was present for mite populations within valleys than between them. Some inbreeding was found within populations. While from dispersal studies one would conclude T. pyri is nondispersive, allozymic analysis indicates there is moderate gene flow. Factors affecting OP resistance distribution in T. pyri and Metaseiulus occidentalis were examined. A diagnostic concentration of azinphosmethyl was used to determine OP resistance frequencies for populations of each species, collected in and near commercial apple orchards in two valleys. OP resistance in T. pyri populations was localized: mites from 10 m or more outside orchards were OP susceptible, while those within orchards were resistant. This indicated limited gene flow. All M. occidentalis populations were resistant, indicating a regional resistance pattern and high gene flow. Factors which were not significant in the distribution of OP resistance were: valley, degree of orchard isolation, host plant, and seasonality.
Graduation date: 1994
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Books on the topic "Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten Mites Apples"

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Dunley, John E. Comparative emigration, immigration, and colonization of apple by Metaseiulus occidentalis Nesbitt and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). 1989.

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2

Hadam, John J. Phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes:Phytoseiidae) of commerical crops in the Willamette Valley, Oregon and pesticide resistance in the principal species Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten. 1985.

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3

Dunley, John E. Genetics and gene flow of organophosphate resistance in three predatory mites, Amblyseius andersoni Chant, Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Metaseiulus occidentalis Nesbitt (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), in Oregon. 1993.

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