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Journal articles on the topic 'Typhus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Voitl, Julian J. M. "Fallstricke der tropenmedizinischen Nomenklatur am Beispiel „Typhus“." Flugmedizin · Tropenmedizin · Reisemedizin - FTR 30, no. 01 (2023): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1988-0069.

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGViele infektiologische Diagnosen sind historisch gewachsene, symptombeschreibende Hilfswerkzeuge, die sich oft entgegen modernen, genetisch-taxonomischen Bemühungen zu halten vermögen. Dieser Artikel ist der Versuch einer Reise in die Tiefen der Nomenklaturunterwelt, ohne dabei selbst typhös zu werden. Jeder identifizierte Begriff wurde auf Verwechslungsgefahr oder Mehrfachverwendung untersucht. Eine Vermeidung der Begriffe „Typhus – typhus fever“ oder „Fleckfieber – spotted fever“, sowie manch anderer überholter Termini, wäre anzudenken.

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Acharya, Suman, Jayant Kumar Yadav, Nischal Khanal, Raju Bhandari, and Bikal Ghimire. "Acute Severe Calculous Cholecystitis with Multiorgan Failure Complicated by Scrub Typhus." Case Reports in Surgery 2019 (June 24, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7505108.

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Scrub typhus is a febrile illness and can present with manifestations ranging from subclinical symptoms to multiorgan failure and death. Scrub typhus is a rare etiology of acute cholecystitis. A patient presenting with the features of acute cholecystitis who does not respond to standard treatment should be screened for scrub typhus in a typhus endemic region. We report a case of a 70-year-old female with acute severe calculous cholecystitis with multiorgan failure complicated by scrub typhus. She improved remarkably after starting doxycycline for scrub typhus. Scrub typhus should be considered

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3

Bacellar, F., I. Lencastre, and A. R. Filipe. "Is murine typhus re-emerging in Portugal ?" Eurosurveillance 3, no. 2 (1998): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.03.02.00124-en.

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Murine typhus or endemic typhus is an infectious disease, clinically very similar to epidemic typhus, and caused by Rickettsia typhi(sometimes referred to as R. mooseri). Murine typhus was fairly common in Portugal until the 1940s, when several cases diag

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Thapa, S., L. B. Sapkota, and P. Hamal. "Threat of scrub typhus in post-earthquake Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 4 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i4.16707.

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Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal zoonotic infection, reported from many parts of Asia including Nepal. There is increasing reports of outbreak of Scrub typhus, after the earthquake hit Nepal on April 25, 2015. The recent outbreak of Scrub typhus posed problems in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. It may be related to poor awareness of the disease or lack of suspicion for Scrub typhus which often presents with clinical features indistinguishable from typhoid fever. Since, various parts of Nepal appeared to be suitable hubs for Scrub typhus, the clinical suspicion of Scrub typhus in th

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5

Mary, D. Therese. "Scrub Typhus (Chigger – Borne Typhus): A Case of Scrub Typhus with Eschar." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 4 (2016): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.504.035.

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Konyak, Nyamnyei, Medo M. Kuotsu, Labresai Mog, et al. "Scrub typhus associated acute kidney injury in a 33-year-old male." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 9 (2021): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20213250.

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Scrub typhus or bush typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. An eschar at the site of bite is evidentiary of scrub typhus. Increased mortality is seen in cases presenting with acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonitis, meningitis, myocarditis and multi-organ dysfunction. Renal impairment in scrub typhus should be identified and management initiated early to prevent the progress of the damage. Scrub typhus if left undiagnosed and untreated results in high morbidity and mortality. Here we report a case of a 33-year-old male with AKI following scrub ty

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Eraksoy, Haluk. "Rickettsioses: From Epidemic Typhus to Scrub Typhus." Klimik Dergisi/Klimik Journal 27, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/kd.2014.01.

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Xin, Hualei, Peng Fu, Junling Sun, et al. "Risk mapping of scrub typhus infections in Qingdao city, China." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 12 (2020): e0008757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008757.

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Background The emergence and re-emergence of scrub typhus has been reported in the past decade in many global regions. In this study, we aim to identify potential scrub typhus infection risk zones with high spatial resolution in Qingdao city, in which scrub typhus is endemic, to guide local prevention and control strategies. Methodology/Principal findings Scrub typhus cases in Qingdao city during 2006–2018 were retrieved from the Chinese National Infectious Diseases Reporting System. We divided Qingdao city into 1,101 gridded squares and classified them into two categories: areas with and with

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9

Puvačić, Zlatko, Edina Bešlagić, Šukrija Zvizdić, Sandra Puvačić, Jelena Ravlija, and Sadeta Hamzić. "Eradication of Typhus Exanthematicus in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (2006): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2006.3215.

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Typhus exanthematicus in Bosnia and Herzegovina held in endemic areas from which especially quickly began spread after 1945. That year, in 1945, one hundred epidemics of typhus fever appeared, with the highest incidence rate in Europe of 215.04 per 1,000. Directions of unique program in the world were to eradicate lice of the body, but also establish monitoring of the recidivism, Brill-Zinsser disease. Since 1971, typhus exanthematicus (classical typhus) hasn't appeared in Bosnia and Herzegovina, so epidemic typhus can considered as an eradicated communicable disease.

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Madhup, S. K., R. Shrestha, N. Katuwal, et al. "Seroprevalence of Scrub Typhus in Patients Attending Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 19, no. 4 (2021): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v19i4.49784.

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Background Scrub typhus is a largely ignored tropical disease and a leading cause of undifferentiated febrile illness. It is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Scrub Typhus is frequently observed in South Asian countries. However, clear epidemiological information of this disease is lacking in case of Nepal. Nepal has shown steady increase in cases of Scrub Typhus since 2015. The epidemiological data related to this disease would support the decision making and surveillance design for early outbreak detection and immediate responses including prevention and treatment of scrub typhus in Nepal.&#

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Kumar, Amsa Palanikumar Goutham, Subramaniam Suresh Kanna, and Dinesh Babu. "SCRUB TYPHUS PRESENTING AS ACUTE PANCREATITIS: A RARE CASE." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 19, no. 4 (2021): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms.19.04.1039.

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Scrub typhus is an insect-borne disease caused by Orientia sutsugamushi which may cause disseminated vasculitis and perivascular inflammatory lesions resulting in significant vascular leakage and cause end organ damage. Scrub typhus can lead to severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis, hepatitis and meningoencephalitis. Some unusual presentations of scrub typhus are peritonitis, gastric ulceration, duodenal ulcer perforation and acalculous cholecystitis. But acute pancreatitis is a relatively rare complication of scrub typhus. Here we report a rare c

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YANG, L. P., J. LIU, X. J. WANG, W. MA, C. X. JIA, and B. F. JIANG. "Effects of meteorological factors on scrub typhus in a temperate region of China." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 10 (2014): 2217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813003208.

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SUMMARYScrub typhus is emerging and re-emerging in many areas: climate change may affect its spread. To explore the effects of meteorological factors on scrub typhus, monthly cases of scrub typhus from January 2006 to December 2012 in the Laiwu district of temperate northern China were analysed. We examined the correlations between scrub typhus and meteorological factors (and their delayed effects). We built a time-series adjusted negative binomial model to reflect the relationships between climate variables and scrub typhus cases. The key determinants of scrub typhus transmission were tempera

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Mukherjee, Reema. "Is Delhi an Emerging Scrub Typhus Hotspot? An Entomological and Zoonotic Exploration of a Scrub Typhus Outbreak." Journal of Communicable Diseases 54, no. 1 (2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202256.

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Background: Scrub typhus is an emerging public health challenge in India with increasing evidence of its activity being reported from all over the country. An outbreak of scrub typhus was reported from an area of South West Delhi, India hitherto not known for scrub typhus activity which prompted this zoonotic and entomological investigation.Methods: Zoonotic and entomological investigations were undertaken in five residential areas of South West Delhi, India located in the vicinity of the reporting hospital to determine the rodent hosts, vector mite diversity, and rickettsial activity in roden

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Kim, Yong-Chan, Soriul Kim, Hee-Kwon Kim, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Eight Novel Loci for Susceptibility of Scrub Typhus and Highlights Immune-Related Signaling Pathways in Its Pathogenesis." Cells 10, no. 3 (2021): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030570.

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Scrub typhus is a fatal zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. This disease is accompanied by systemic vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, headache, myalgia, and eschar. In recent studies, a novel strain that is resistant to current medical treatment was identified in Thailand. Thus, the development of new specific drugs for scrub typhus is needed. However, the exact molecular mechanism governing the progression of scrub typhus has not been fully elucidated. To understand disease-related genetic factors and mechanisms associated with the progression of scrub typhus, we performed a genome-

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Zheng, Canjun, Dong Jiang, Fangyu Ding, Jingying Fu, and Mengmeng Hao. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Scrub Typhus From 2007 to 2017 in Southern China." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 7 (2018): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy1050.

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Abstract Background Substantial outbreaks of scrub typhus, coupled with the discovery of this vector-borne disease in new areas, suggest that the disease remains remarkably neglected. The objectives of this study were to map the contemporary and potential transmission risk zones of the disease and to provide novel insights into the health burden imposed by scrub typhus in southern China. Methods Based on the assembled data sets of annual scrub typhus cases and maps of environmental and socioeconomic correlates, a boosted regression tree modeling procedure was used to identify the environmental

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Pokhrel, Anil, Binod Rayamajhee, Saroj Khadka, et al. "Seroprevalence and Clinical Features of Scrub Typhus among Febrile Patients Attending a Referral Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 2 (2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020078.

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(1) Background: Scrub typhus (ST) is endemic to Nepal. It is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed due to non-specific clinical presentation coupled with limited microbiological facilities, leading to adverse clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of scrub typhus in febrile patients attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH), Nepal, from August 2018 to April 2019. (2) Materials and Method: Blood/serum samples and clinical and demographic data of adult febrile patients (≥19 years) who attended or were referred to the hospital were collected aft

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Shetty, Vishranth N., Gurukanth Rao, and Jayaprakash B. "An atypical presentation of scrub typhus." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 9, no. 10 (2022): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20222408.

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Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, characterised by focal or disseminated vasculitis and perivasculitis which may involve the lungs, heart, liver, spleen and central nervous system. The clinical picture and severity of the symptoms varies widely. The neurological manifestations of scrub typhus are diverse. Meningoencephalitis is classical manifestation of scrub typhus but cerebellitis, cranial nerve palsies, plexopathy, transverse myelitis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and Guillain-Barre syndrome are other manifestations reported in literature. The availability of literature o

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Gupta, Samiksha, Sahil Grover, Monica Gupta, and Daljinderjit Kaur. "Cerebellitis as a rare manifestation of scrub typhus fever." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 5 (2020): e233993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-233993.

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Scrub typhus is a mite-borne rickettsial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative coccobacilli transmitted through the bite of chigger mite. Scrub typhus has diverse clinical manifestations, often presenting either as a simple febrile illness or as a complicated multi-organ dysfunction. Neurological complications in scrub typhus are diverse but their exact incidence is unknown. Cerebellitis is another rare neurological manifestation associated with scrub typhus. Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old woman with serologically confirmed scrub typhus presenting with fever and

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Bhavani, Dhomakonda, Srujana Rayeni, Maiti Soumitra, Vidhya Reddy Y., and Rama Rao Tadikonda. "A Case Report on Transverse Myelitis." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 03 (2024): 1766–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10841966.

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Abstract : Scrub typhus is known to cause central nervous system involvement, which can show as meningitis or meningoencephalitis. However, relatively few reports of acute transverse myelitis (ATM), a spinal cord lesion, have been linked to scrub typhus. Patients with a spinal lesion and scrub typhus have neurologic symptoms such as dysuria and sensory and motor impairment. Here, we report on an uncommon instance of ATM linked to scrub typhus. The diagnosis of ATM linked with scrub typhus was made based on the patient’s clinical features, cerebral fluid cytology, Orientia tsutsugamushi s

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Shashank, Tyagi, Rahaengdale Narendra, Shukla Nandini, and Ravi Kiran Vepada. "Analysis of Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Scrub Typhus Patients in Central India." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 10 (2023): 616–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11261530.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Scrub typhus is probably one of the most common underdiagnosed and under-reported febrile illnesses requiring hospitalization because of its non-septic clinical manifestations and lack of access to specific laboratory facilities. <strong>Aim:</strong> This study was undertaken to assess the clinical, hematological, and biochemical profile of the patients diagnosed with scrub typhus in our tertiary care teaching hospital. <strong>Materials & Methods:</strong> This was an institution-based, observational, and cross-sectional study, enroll

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Chatterjee, Rajendra Prasad, Shilpa Chatterjee, Subhendu Sikdar, Biswajit Das, and Reena Ray Ghosh. "Prevalence of Chikungunya and Scrub Typhus Coinfection among Dengue Negative Patients in Kolkata, India-A Newly Emerging Public Health Hazard." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 5, no. 2 (2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.2.1598.

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The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and scrub typhus infection has scattered worldwide creating human health hazards in India and Asia specific region. We aimed to identify chikungunya, scrub typhus, and their co-infection in dengue-negative samples having undifferentiated febrile illnesses. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were used to detect the chikungunya and scrub typhus specific IgM antibody by using chikungunya IgM capture ELISA kit and scrub typhus IgM Microlisa ELISA kit, respectively. OD value was measured with the help of BeneSphera (India) ELISA microplate reader. Among

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Basra, Gurjot, Megan A. Berman, and Lucas S. Blanton. "Murine Typhus: An Important Consideration for the Nonspecific Febrile Illness." Case Reports in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/134601.

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Murine typhus is a widely distributed flea-borne infection caused byRickettsia typhi. Symptoms of murine typhus are nonspecific and mimic a variety of other infectious diseases. We herein report a case of murine typhus in an area where the broad use of DDT in the mid-20th century has now made it a rare disease. The patient described presented with headache, fever, and a faint macular rash. Initial laboratory studies revealed a slight transaminase elevation. Further questioning revealed exposure to opossums, prompting the consideration of murine typhus as a diagnosis. Although typhus group anti

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Matlani, Monika, Supriya Maheshwari, Neha Dubey, Shyam S. Mina, and Vinita Dogra. "Clinical profile and seroepidemiology of scrub typhus and its concurrent infections associated with other tropical fevers: a two-year study from a tertiary care centre in North India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 11 (2020): 4440. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204742.

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Background: The study showed epidemiological aspects, clinical profile and laboratory features of patients presenting with scrub typhus alone and scrub typhus along with concurrent infections namely typhoid, malaria, leptospira, chikungunya and dengue.Methods: A total of 383 suspected cases of Scrub typhus were tested by IgM ELISA from January 2017 to October 2018. Appropriates tests were performed to determine the coinfections of scrub typhus with dengue, chikungunya, malaria, leptospirosis and typhoid fever.Results: Of the 383 samples received, 68 were positive for scrub typhus. Commonest cl

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Singh, Shweta, Nikesh Sinha, Manoj Kumar, and Shashank Nand Tiwari. "An Outbreak Study of Scrub Typhus in Latehar District of Jharkhand." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2022): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1102.030.

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Background and Objectives: Scrub typhus, a zoonotic disease has become a public health problem in many parts of world. It is an arthropod borne gram-negative obligate intracellular bacillus Orientia tsutsugamushi. Aim & objective: We reported in this study a recent outbreak of scrub typhus from Barwadih block of Latehar district, of Jharkhand. Materials and Methods: Samples of clinically suspected cases of scrub typhus (collected by both active and passive surveillance), were tested by IgM ELISA and also Real Time PCR in the Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Ranchi. Results: During the stu

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Qian, Li, Yong Wang, Xianyu Wei, et al. "Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of scrub typhus in Fujian province during 2012–2020." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 9 (2022): e0010278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010278.

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Background Scrub typhus has become a serious public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region including China. There were new natural foci continuously recognized and dramatically increased reported cases in mainland China. However, the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of scrub typhus in Fujian province have yet to be investigated. Objective This study proposes to explore demographic characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics of scrub typhus cases in Fujian province, and to detect high-risk regions between January 2012 and December 2020 at county/district scale and

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Kelamane, Santosha Kelamane, Cheruku Mispah, and Sri Sandhya K. "A study on serodiagnosis of scrub typhus in a Teaching Hospital of South India." PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICAL RESEARCH 9, no. 2 (2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47799/pimr.0902.03.

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Background: crub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (rickettsial disease) commonly transmitted by the bite of larval chiggers of trombiculid mites. It has been one of the important causes of febrile illness, especially in south India. The clinical diagnosis is difficult owing to the non-specific presentation. We in the current study tried to evaluate the serodiagnosis of scrub typhus with the Weil Felix test and IgM ELISA. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. All the sera samples were subjecte

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Li, Zhuo, Shuzhen Deng, Tian Ma, et al. "Retrospective analysis of spatiotemporal variation of scrub typhus in Yunnan Province, 2006–2022." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 12 (2024): e0012654. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012654.

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Background Scrub typhus is a life-threatening zoonotic infection. In recent years, the endemic areas of scrub typhus have been continuously expanding, and the incidence rate has been increasing. However, it remains a globally neglected disease. Yunnan Province is a major infected area, and the study of spatiotemporal and seasonal variation scrub typhus in this region is crucial for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods/Results We collected surveillance data on scrub typhus cases in Yunnan Province from 2006 to 2022. Using methods such as spatial trend analysis, Moran’s I, and retr

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Shanks, G. D. "Historical epidemics of scrub typhus in Queensland and Papua New Guinea." Internal Medicine Journal 53, no. 8 (2023): 1501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.16199.

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AbstractUndifferentiated febrile diseases (e.g., Mossman fever) from northern Queensland were eventually partially attributed to mite‐transmitted rickettsial infections known as scrub typhus or tsutsugamushi fever. Scrub typhus became a major medical threat to military operations in Papua New Guinea during the Second World War and killed more Australian soldiers than malaria in the pre‐antibiotic era. Further investigations showed scrub typhus to be an occupational disease of rural workers in north Queensland especially around Cairns and Innisfail. Occasional small epidemics of scrub typhus st

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Sondhiya, Gayatri, Haranahally Vasanthachar Manjunathachar, Pushpendra Singh, and Ravindra Kumar. "Unveiling the burden of scrub typhus in acute febrile illness cases across India: A systematic review & meta-analysis." Indian Journal of Medical Research 159 (August 17, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijmr_1442_23.

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Background & objectives Scrub typhus is an emerging mite-borne zoonotic infection that has been overlooked, despite being one of the most widespread severe vector-borne diseases. With an estimated one billion people at risk worldwide and one million annual cases, it poses a significant public health concern. While various studies have investigated the prevalence of scrub typhus in different regions of India, a comprehensive regional systematic review and meta-analysis on the seropositivity of scrub typhus among acute febrile cases has been lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a syste

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SV, Padmavathi Devi, Aruna M, Anil CV Kumar, Hari Krishna Reddy, Sangeetha BL, and V. Siva Kumar. "Acute pancreatitis associated with scrub typhus." Tropical Doctor 47, no. 1 (2016): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475516657759.

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Scrub typhus, or tsutsugamushi fever, is a zoonosis of rural Asia and the western Pacific islands. The causative organism, Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi, is transmitted to humans by the bite of a larval Leptotrombidium mite (chigger). Scrub typhus may have gastrointestinal presentations, such as acute acalculous cholecystitis, duodenal ulcer perforation, peritonitis and gastric ulceration. Acute pancreatitis with scrub typhus has been reported rarely. We report a patient of scrub typhus complicated by acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury.

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Das, ShyamalKumar, and Souvik Dubey. "Scrub typhus." Neurology India 63, no. 2 (2015): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.156270.

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Kanjiya, K., U. Agrawal, and A. Sunavala. "Disseminated typhus." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.382.

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Bhattacharyya, Prithwis, and AmyG Rapsang. "Scrub typhus." Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 57, no. 2 (2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.111835.

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Dubey, Sneha R. "Scrub Typhus." International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 7, no. 2 (2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-2660.2019.00066.8.

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James, J., and N. K. Thulaseedharan. "Scrub typhus." QJM 109, no. 8 (2016): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcw075.

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LERDTHUSNEE, K., B. KHUNTIRAT, W. LEEPITAKRAT, et al. "Scrub Typhus." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 990, no. 1 (2003): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07333.x.

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Pau, Wilson Shu Cheng, and Kah Kee Tan. "Scrub Typhus." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 27, no. 6 (2008): 569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e318168db08.

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Kolyvanos Naumann, Urania, Käser, and Vetter. "Typhus abdominalis." Praxis 93, no. 18 (2004): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.93.18.747.

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Bechah, Yassina, Christian Capo, Jean-Louis Mege, and Didier Raoult. "Epidemic typhus." Lancet Infectious Diseases 8, no. 7 (2008): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70150-6.

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Lee, Chang-Seop, and Jeong-Hwan Hwang. "Scrub Typhus." New England Journal of Medicine 373, no. 25 (2015): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm1503639.

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ESPERANZA, LOWELLA, DOUGLAS A. HOLT, JOHN T. SINNOTT, MARGARITA R. CANCIO, ELIZABETH A. BRADLEY, and MARK DEUTSCH. "Murine Typhus." Southern Medical Journal 85, no. 7 (1992): 754–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199207000-00020.

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Nallasamy, Karthi, and ML Keshavamurthy. "Scrub typhus." Journal of Pediatric Critical Care 4, no. 3 (2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21304/2017.0403.00194.

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Suputtamongkol, Y. "Scrub Typhus." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e42-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.156.

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Jessen, Andre. "Der Typhus." Heilberufe 69, no. 9 (2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00058-017-3009-y.

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Blacksell, Stuart D., Matthew T. Robinson, Paul N. Newton, and Nicholas P. J. Day. "Laboratory-acquired Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus Infections: The Argument for a Risk-based Approach to Biosafety Requirements for Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi Laboratory Activities." Clinical Infectious Diseases 68, no. 8 (2018): 1413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy675.

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The highest-risk activities for scrub/murine typhus laboratory-acquired infections were working with infectious laboratory animals. Eight scrub typhus deaths occurred during the preantibiotic era. Risk-based biosafety approaches would improve efficiencies of in vitro/in vivo growth of scrub/murine typhus.

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Narkhede, Nilima, Rajaram Weling, and Sanjay Prajapati. "Scrub typhus Meningoencephalitis : Diagnostic dilemma." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 20, no. 3 (2023): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v20i3.53306.

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Background: Neurological involvement in the form of meningitis or meningoencephalitis, although well documented in scrub typhus, has not been extensively studied in the pediatric population. It is seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of meningitis in the Indian subcontinent. Case Presentation: We report a case of Scrub typhus meningitis in 13year old male child. The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis, raised proteins and a normal glucose level. Conclusion : Early diagnosis and prompt institution of doxycycline therapy may lead to early cure of scrub typhus ev

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Patwardhan, Bhalachandra, Ritu Chaudhary, and Rajendra Dutt Mathur. "A study of scrub meningoencephalitis and keeping it as a common differential diagnosis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 6 (2022): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20221487.

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Background: Scrub typhus is caused by the organism Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted by trombiculid mites. Meningoencephalitis as a cause of mortality in cases of scrub typhus is becoming a common entity now. Aims and objectives were to study the incidence of meningoencephalitis in scrub typhus cases admitted to our hospital and stress the importance of keeping it as a common differential diagnosis.Methods: A descriptive observational study of 39 diagnosed cases of scrub typhus admitted to our hospital for 6 months duration (May 2018 to October 2018) was conducted. Data concerning the cases

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Chu, Kuo-An, Weishan Chen, Chung Y. Hsu, Yao-Min Hung, and James Cheng-Chung Wei. "Association of Scrub Typhus With the Risk of Autoimmune Diseases: A Population-Based Cohort Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 7 (2019): 1311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz074.

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Abstract Infection plays a major role in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between scrub typhus and systemic autoimmune diseases. We enrolled 6,928 hospitalized patients with scrub typhus between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and we compared them with 27,712 selected inpatients who had never been diagnosed with scrub typhus (1:4 ratio, matched by age, sex, and index year) in relation to the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze th

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Linsuwanon, Piyada, Nutthanun Auysawasdi, Chien-Chung Chao, et al. "Estimating the Seroprevalence of Scrub Typhus in Nepal." Pathogens 13, no. 9 (2024): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090736.

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Prior to the devastating earthquake in Nepal in 2015, scrub typhus was not recognized as a highly endemic disease in the country. This contrasted with neighboring India, where scrub typhus is endemic and there have been sporadic outbreaks of severe forms. This discrepancy underscores the limitations in our comprehensive understanding of the scrub typhus epidemiological patterns in Nepal, especially before 2015. To better understand the dynamic and current status of scrub typhus, this study investigated its prevalence among patients with acute febrile illness in two hospitals located in Pokhara

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Mondal, Tapati, Abhik Sarkar, Julius Rahaman, and Subhayan Das Gupta. "A study of scrub typhus in a medical college hospital in West Bengal, India." Biomedicine 42, no. 5 (2022): 1091–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i5.1942.

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Introduction and Aim: Scrub typhus is one of the leading causes of acute unexplained fever in children. The objective of this study was to determine the serological evidence of scrub typhus and associated clinical features in febrile children. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed for a duration of 21 months. Children aged below 12 years, admitted with unexplained fever and other clinical features suggestive of scrub typhus and tested for IgM against scrub typhus were included in our study. A detailed history, clinical profile and sero-prevalence of the ch

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