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Journal articles on the topic 'Typological variation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

SARITAŞ, BURCU BAŞOĞLU, and CANKUT SARITAŞ. "TYPOLOGICAL VARIATION IN RELATIVE CLAUSES." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review 05, no. 03 (2022): 123–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijssmr.2022.5311.

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According to Foley and Hall (2003), relative clauses are subordinate clauses that refer to the noun of the main clause, identifying it, or adding extra information. This research aims to illustrate how languages vary in the relativization strategies they utilize. It also explains the effects of relative clause structure on L2 acquisition and problems for ESL/EFL students. Now let me start with the characteristics of English Relative Clauses first and then gradually explain the other languages’ relative clauses.

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Aloni, Maria, and Marco Degano. "(Non-)specificity across languages: constancy, variation, v-variation." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 1 (December 29, 2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v1i0.5337.

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Indefinites are known to give rise to different scopal (specific vs non-specific) and epistemic (known vs unknown) uses. Farkas & Brasoveanu (2020) explained these specificity distinctions in terms of stability vs. variability in value assignments of the variable introduced by the indefinite. Typological research (Haspelmath 1997) showed that indefinites have different functional distributions with respect to these uses. In this work, we present a formal framework where Farkas & Brasoveanu (2020)’s ideas are rigorously formalized. We develop a two-sorted team semantics which integrates

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Özçalışkan, Şeyda. "Typological variation in encoding the manner, path, and ground components of a metaphorical motion event." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 2 (December 31, 2004): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.2.03ozc.

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The paper compares two typologically distinct languages with regard to their lexicalization patterns in encoding metaphorical motion events: (1) verb-framed (V-language, represented by Turkish), in which the preferred pattern for framing motion events is the use of a path verb with an optional manner adjunct (e.g.,enter running), and (2) satellite-framed (S-language, represented by English), in which path is lexicalized in an element associated with the verb, leaving the verb free to encode manner (e.g.,run in). The paper focuses on typological differences in encoding the manner, path, and gro

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Whaley, Lindsay J., Artemis Alexiadou, and T. Alan Hall. "Studies on Universal Grammar and Typological Variation." Language 75, no. 1 (1999): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417539.

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Aghamalıyeva, Aysel. "Typological variation in the expression of Evidentiality." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 7, no. 3 (2025): 487–96. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v7i3.2223.

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This article examines evidentiality as a complex and debated concept in linguistics. While scholars disagree on whether evidentiality is a grammatical or lexical category, there is consensus that its core function is to indicate the source of information. It answers epistemological questions such as: Was the event directly witnessed? Was it inferred from evidence? Was it learned through hearsay or reports? The article analyzes how evidentiality is expressed in Azerbaijani, English, and Spanish, focusing on both grammatical and lexical strategies. By comparing these languages, the study reveals

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Bauer, Brigitte L. M. "Multiplication, addition, and subtraction in numerals: formal variation in Latin’s decads⁺ from an Indo-European perspective." Journal of Latin Linguistics 22, no. 1 (2023): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2023-2001.

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Abstract While formal variation in Latin’s numerals is generally acknowledged, little is known about (relative) incidence, distribution, context, or linguistic productivity. Addressing this lacuna, this article examines “decads+” in Latin, which convey the numbers between the full decads: the teens (‘eleven’ through ‘nineteen’) as well as the numerals between the higher decads starting at ‘twenty-one’ through ‘ninety-nine’. Latin’s decads+ are compounds and prone to variation. The data, which are drawn from a variety of sources, reveal (a) substantial formal variation in Latin, both internally

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Newmeyer, Frederick J. "Against a parameter-setting approach to typological variation." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2004 4 (December 31, 2004): 181–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.4.06new.

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The dominant position among generative grammarians with respect to typological variation is that it should be captured by parameters, which are either directly tied to principles of Universal Grammar (UG) or to functional projections provided by UG. Parameter-setting approaches, however, have failed to live up to their promise. They should be replaced by a model in which language-particular rules take over the work of parameter settings and in which most typological variation follows from independently-needed principles of performance. In such a model, UG specifies the class of possible langua

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Miestamo, Matti. "A typological perspective on negation in Finnish dialects." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 34, no. 2 (2011): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586511000126.

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This paper looks at negation in Finnish dialects from a typological perspective. The focus is on standard negation, i.e. the negation of declarative verbal main clauses. The dialectal variation that Finnish shows in its negative construction is examined in the light of current typological knowledge of the expression of negation. Developmental trends connected to the micro-typological variation are also discussed, Finnish dialects are compared with related and neighbouring languages, and relevant theoretical and methodological issues relating to the meeting point of typology and dialectology ar

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Primus, Beatrice. "The typological and historical variation of punctuation systems." Constraints on Spelling Changes 10, no. 2 (2007): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.10.2.07pri.

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In the literature on punctuation we find a broad typological and historical distinction between prosodically and grammatically determined punctuation. The mainstream historical assumption is that the prosodic system changed into to a grammatical system in some languages. We will show that this view is confronted with serious empirical and conceptual problems. Our assumption is that the typological and historical variation at issue is motivated syntactically in all punctuation systems. The different punctuation systems are mainly distinguished by the comma, which is, therefore, the main topic o

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Szeto, Pui Yiu, Umberto Ansaldo, and Stephen Matthews. "Typological variation across Mandarin dialects: An areal perspective with a quantitative approach." Linguistic Typology 22, no. 2 (2018): 233–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0009.

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AbstractThis study explores the range and diversity of the typological features of Mandarin, the largest dialect group within the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Feeding the typological data of 42 Sinitic varieties into the phylogenetic program NeighborNet, we obtained network diagrams suggesting a north-south divide in the Mandarin dialect group, where dialects within the Amdo Sprachbund cluster at one end and those in the Far Southern area cluster at the other end, highlighting the impact of language contact on the typological profiles of various Mandarin dialects.

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Ponti, Edoardo Maria, Helen O’Horan, Yevgeni Berzak, et al. "Modeling Language Variation and Universals: A Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing." Computational Linguistics 45, no. 3 (2019): 559–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00357.

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Linguistic typology aims to capture structural and semantic variation across the world’s languages. A large-scale typology could provide excellent guidance for multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly for languages that suffer from the lack of human labeled resources. We present an extensive literature survey on the use of typological information in the development of NLP techniques. Our survey demonstrates that to date, the use of information in existing typological databases has resulted in consistent but modest improvements in system performance. We show that this is due

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BRESNAN, JOAN, ASHWINI DEO, and DEVYANI SHARMA. "Typology in variation: a probabilistic approach to be and n't in the Survey of English Dialects." English Language and Linguistics 11, no. 2 (2007): 301–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674307002274.

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Variation within grammars is a reflection of variation between grammars. Subject agreement and synthetic negation for the verb be show extraordinary local variation in the Survey of English Dialects (Orton et al., 1962–71). Extracting partial grammars of individuals, we confirm leveling patterns across person, number, and negation (Ihalainen, 1991; Cheshire, Edwards & Whittle, 1993; Cheshire, 1996). We find that individual variation bears striking structural resemblances to invariant dialect paradigms, and also reflects typologically observed markedness properties (Aissen, 1999). In the fr

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Ly Ngoc Toan. "Meaning-text Theory for Cross-linguistic Comparisons: A Study on Typological Investigations." International Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 11 (2021): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.11.7x.

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This study explores the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT henceforth) and its application in cross-linguistic comparisons for typological investigations. MTT models the correspondence between meanings and their textual expressions, adopting a stratificational approach with semantic, syntactic, morphological, and phonological representation levels. A qualitative approach analyzes and compares the semantic, syntactic, and morphological structures across typologically diverse languages using the formal representations of MTT, including semantic networks, syntactic trees, lexical functions, and paraphrasin

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Park, Mihi, and Rebecca Lurie Starr. "The acquisition of L3 variation among early bilinguals." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10, no. 5 (2019): 657–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17066.par.

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Abstract The present study investigates whether prior experience with formal study of an L2 influences L3 Korean learners’ Type 1 variation (i.e., use of obligatory forms) and Type 2 variation (i.e., variation between alternative acceptable variants). The patterns of variation in Korean argument realization of early bilingual learners (English-Chinese/Malay/Indonesian/Tamil) of L3 Korean were assessed in light of the distribution of variants present in classroom input, learners’ prior L2 learning experience and home language background, argument animacy and number, and familiarity of verb stru

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Jeong-Shik Lee. "Speculations on Typological Variation from a Third Factor Perspective." Studies in Generative Grammar 22, no. 1 (2012): 77–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15860/sigg.22.1.201202.77.

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DRĂGAN, RUXANDRA. "RENDERING THE BEST RESULTS INTO ROMANIAN – A MATTER OF TYPOLOGICAL VARIATION." Analele Universității București. Limba și literatură română 72, no. 1/2023 (2023): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.62229/aubllrlxxii/23/4.

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English (Germanic) and Romanian (Romance) are typologically different in the expression of both change-of-location and change-of-state events (cf. Talmy 1985, 2000). English favours Goal of Motion (GM) and resultative constructions, which combine manner verbs with directional PPs and Result Phrases, respectively; Romanian typically opts for inherently directed motion and change-of-state verbs to achieve the same goals. At the same time, the existing typological differences have been shown to impact both the translation strategies rendering change events, and the syntactic structures they produ

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Sharma, Devyani. "Typological diversity in New Englishes." English World-Wide 30, no. 2 (2009): 170–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.30.2.04sha.

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Recent research has aimed to integrate the investigation of vernacular universals in native English dialects with variation in postcolonial varieties of English and cross-linguistic typology (Chambers 2004; Kortmann 2004). This article assumes that any search for universals in bilingual varieties must include an assessment of the grammatical conditioning of features and a comparison with the relevant substrates. Comparing Indian English and Singapore English, I examine three proposed candidates for English universals (Kortmann and Szmrecsanyi 2004), all of which show some presence in the two v

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Jaeger, Hanna. "Variation in Indonesian Sign Language: A typological and sociolinguistic analysis." Folia Linguistica 55, no. 1 (2020): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2055.

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Mithun, Marianne. "Beyond the Core: Typological Variation in the Identification of Participants." International Journal of American Linguistics 71, no. 4 (2005): 445–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501247.

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Croft, William, and Keith T. Poole. "Inferring universals from grammatical variation: Multidimensional scaling for typological analysis." Theoretical Linguistics 34, no. 1 (2008): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/thli.2008.001.

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Ostapovych, O. "Typological Structure of German Phraseology Outside Germany. Quantitative Parameters." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 3, no. 4 (2016): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.3.4.33-41.

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The article deals with the modern theoretical concept in study of the variation of German phraseology abroad Germany. It is based on the synthesis of the theory of equal-righted pluricentrism with the new achievements of the cognitive linguistics. As a result the national state linguistic variant is considered as different from the regional, normatively non-codified and dialectal variation, a kind of cluster variant idiomatic thesaurus. The hypothesis of the structural isomorphy of the variant phraseology compared to the common German one has been empirically verified and vice versa - the hypo

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Manfredi, Stefano. "Pain Constructions in modern Arabic dialects: a typological overview." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 75, no. 4 (2022): 501–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2022-1061.

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Abstract Pain Constructions (PCs) constitute a class of experiential constructions expressing situations that involve unpleasant physical experiences (e.g. headache, burning eyes, dizziness, etc.). Previous cross-linguistic comparisons have shown that, though languages do not have dedicated morphosyntactic structures for encoding pain, there are certain constructions that are more likely to express physical experiences. Based on original data elicited by means of a situational questionnaire, this paper aims at analyzing the semantic and syntactic properties of PCs in modern Arabic dialects and

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Thwala, Nhlanhla. "Parameters of variation & complement licensing in Bantu." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43 (January 1, 2006): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.43.2006.292.

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In this paper I argue that the syntax of Eastern Bantu does not make reference to the notion 'syntactic object'. That is, there is no linguistic category of objects that is the target of syntactic rules in Eastern Bantu languages. Instead I propose that syntactic rules broadly distinguish complements and adjuncts as well as category type of complement or adjunct. I argue that Bantu languages are typologically special in that (a) the verb complement structure can be expanded by the valency increasing applicative suffix; and (b) that the class of adjuncts can be expanded through verb concord lic

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Levshina, Natalia. "Why we need a token-based typology: A case study of analytic and lexical causatives in fifteen European languages." Folia Linguistica 50, no. 2 (2016): 507–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.582330.

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Abstract: This paper investigates variation of lexical and analytic causatives in 15 European languages from the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic genera based on a multilingual parallel corpus of film subtitles. Using typological parameters of variation of causatives from the literature, this study tests which parameters are relevant for the choice between analytic and lexical causatives in the sample of languages. The main research question is whether the variation is constrained by one semantic dimension, namely, the conceptual integration of the causing and caused events, as suggested by previ

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Dorofeev, Yu V. "Lexicographic reflection of language variation in the typological and lInguocultural aspects." Communication studies, no. 2 (2017): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2413-6182.2017.2.7-19.

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The article deals with the reflection of the variation of the Russian language at the present stage in dictionaries from the variation theory standpoint. The proposed model of description is based on the functional-typological features of the analyzed units and has a cross functional nature. Based on traditions of describing the variability of language, the main features of lexicography are described as means of fixing the stages of language development. In this regard, it is proposed to include the nominative units of a language, that have a regional component in their meaning, into a separat

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Olthof, Marieke. "Formal variation in incorporation: A typological study and a unified approach." Linguistics 58, no. 1 (2020): 131–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0036.

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AbstractThis study investigates the formal variation in elements involved in incorporation structures. Although it has traditionally been assumed that only stems can be incorporated, several languages also show incorporation of formally more complex elements. Most theoretical approaches to incorporation are, however, limited to incorporated stems and the few that do include more complex forms consider the incorporation of simple and complex elements separate processes. The present study, by contrast, recognizes the many shared characteristics between incorporation structures with simple and co

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Lewandowski, Wojciech, and Jaume Mateu. "Thinking for translating and intra-typological variation in satellite-framed languages." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 14, no. 1 (2016): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.14.1.08lew.

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We analyze the expression of motion in translations of Tolkien’s The Hobbit into Polish and German within the framework of Talmy’s (1991, 2000) typology of macro-events and Slobin’s (1991, 1996) “Thinking for speaking” hypothesis. We show that although both languages pertain to the satellite-framed typological group, Polish provides less diversified Manner and Path descriptions than German, which exploits the satellite lexicalization pattern by far more productively. We relate these contrasts in the rhetorical style to the particular morpho-syntactic and semantic characteristics of the languag

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Jarema, Gonia, Gary Libben, Wolfgang Dressler, and Eva Kehayia. "The Role of Typological Variation in the Processing of Interfixed Compounds." Brain and Language 81, no. 1-3 (2002): 736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brln.2001.2560.

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Russkikh, Alina. "Functions of the additive particle =lo in the Zilo dialect of the Andi language: independent use of the additive and its combination with other markers." Rodnoy Yazyk. Linguistic journal, no. 2 (December 2024): 6–37. https://doi.org/10.37892/2313-5816-2024-2-6-37.

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The additive particle =lo in the Upper Andi variety of Zilo is a multifunctional clitic which is used both in contexts typologically frequent for additive particles and in peripheral ones. The paper provides a comprehensive description of the functions of additive =lo in the Zilo Andi in a typological perspective, with special attention to the functions in which this particle particle is used together with other markers. In Zilo Andi the additive particle is used without additional elements in four of the ten known functions (additivity, scalar additivity, constituent coordination and forming

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Anttila, Arto, Vivienne Fong, Štefan Beňuš, and Jennifer Nycz. "Variation and opacity in Singapore English consonant clusters." Phonology 25, no. 2 (2008): 181–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675708001462.

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Singapore English consonant clusters undergo phonological processes that exhibit variation and opacity. Quantitative evidence shows that these patterns are genuine and systematic. Two main conclusions emerge. First, a small set of phonological constraints yields a typological structure (T-order) that captures the quantitative patterns, independently of specific assumptions about how the grammar represents variation. Second, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that phonological opacity has only one source: the interleaving of phonology and morphology.

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Guerrero, Lilián, and Rebeca Gerardo-Tavira. "La posición de las cláusulas temporales con cuando." Anuario de Letras. Lingüística y Filología 9, no. 1 (2021): 7–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.adel.2021.1.00281.

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Previous typological studies have shown that temporal clauses, unlike other adverbial clauses, can occur before or after the main clause, and this order variation has been observed across languages and within the same language. In the case of Spanish, some studies have found that temporal clauses tend to occur at the beginning of the clause. In this paper, we extend the assumptions of typological studies into the analysis of temporal clauses introduced by cuando ‘when’. Based in used data, we found that the initial position is preferred in oral data, while both positions are equally common in

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Sansò, Andrea. "Variation in language use is different from variation in genes." Biological Evolution 3, no. 1 (2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/elt.00027.san.

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Abstract This commentary discusses some aspects of Haider’s model of grammar change that are problematic from the perspective of usage-based approaches to language change. These aspects include (i) the postulated equivalence between intentionality and teleology, (ii) the metaphorical nature of Darwinism when applied to other domains, and (iii) the nature of explanations of language change. With respect to (i), it is argued that equating intentionality with teleology disregards the fact that innovation in grammar is not unprincipled like in genes. With respect to (ii), the question is whether a

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Donohue, Mark, and Siva Kalyan. "The Typological Position of The Languages of Nepal: Morphosyntax." Nepalese Linguistics 38, no. 1 (2024): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nl.v38i1.71552.

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We examine the typological position of the languages of Nepal among the languages of the world, considering a broad sample of morphosyntactic features. Following a computational analysis, we find that: most of the languages of Nepal occupy a fringe position; some languages of Nepal lie outside the range of variation of other South Asian languages; and the languages of Nepal show correlations among morphosyntactic features that are not correlated globally.

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Shepherd, Colin. "Typological variation in pre-modern settlement morphology in the Clashindarroch Forest, Aberdeenshire." Landscape History 33, no. 2 (2012): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2012.739396.

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Lang, Ewald. "Basic dimension terms: A first look at universal features and typological variation." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 1 (April 1, 1995): 66–100. https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.1.1995.854.

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Brentari, Diane, Rabia Ergin, Ann Senghas, and Marie Coppola. "Typological Comparisons and Considerations: Phonological and Morphological Evidence from Sign Language Creation." Sign Language Studies 25, no. 1 (2024): 8–52. https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.2024.a950716.

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Abstract: In this article, we compare two languages that are approximately fifty years old—Central Taurus Sign Language (CTSL) and Lengua de Señas Nicaragüense (LSN)—by employing two studies. Study 1 analyzes emerging phonology , specifically the size and complexity of the handshape inventories of the two languages, and Study 2 analyzes emerging information packaging in complex predicates, specifically for agency and number. In both studies, we compare data across three groups of CTSL signers and three groups of Nicaraguan signers. The results of both studies show variation across languages an

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Levinson, Stephen C. "Advancing our grasp of constrained variation in a crucial cognitive domain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 5 (2010): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x1000141x.

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AbstractJones's system of constraints promises interesting insights into the typology of kin term systems. Three problems arise: (1) the conflation of categories with algorithms that assign them threatens to weaken the typological predictions; (2) OT-type constraints have little psychological plausibility; (3) the conflation of kin-term systems and kinship systems may underplay the “utility function” character of real kinship in action.

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ÖZÇALIŞKAN, ŞEYDA. "Ways of crossing a spatial boundary in typologically distinct languages." Applied Psycholinguistics 36, no. 2 (2013): 485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716413000325.

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ABSTRACTExpression of spatial motion shows wide variation as well as patterned regularities across the world's languages (Talmy, 2000), and events involving the traversal of a spatial boundary impose the tightest typological constraints in the lexicalization of motion, providing a true test of cross-linguistic differences. Speakers of verb-framed languages are required by their language not to use manner verbs in marking the change of location across boundaries (Aske, 1989). Here we test the strength of the boundary-crossing constraint and ask how speakers convey motion events when the constra

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Bochnak, M. Ryan, Vera Hohaus, and Anne Mucha. "Variation in Tense and Aspect, and the Temporal Interpretation of Complement Clauses." Journal of Semantics 36, no. 3 (2019): 407–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffz008.

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Abstract In this paper, we investigate the temporal interpretation of propositional attitude complement clauses in four typologically unrelated languages: Washo (language isolate), Medumba (Niger-Congo), Hausa (Afro-Asiatic), and Samoan (Austronesian). Of these languages, Washo and Medumba are optional-tense languages, while Hausa and Samoan are tenseless. Just like in obligatory-tense languages, we observe variation among these languages when it comes to the availability of so-called simultaneous and backward-shifted readings of complement clauses. For our optional-tense languages, we argue t

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Norvik, Miina, Yingqi Jing, Michael Dunn, et al. "Uralic typology in the light of a new comprehensive dataset." Journal of Uralic Linguistics 1, no. 1 (2022): 4–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jul.00002.nor.

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Abstract This paper presents the Uralic Areal Typology Online (UraTyp 1.0), a typological dataset of 35 Uralic languages and a total of 360 features, mainly covering the levels of morphology, syntax, and phonology. The features belong to two different datasets: 195 features’ definitions originate from the Grambank (GB) database, developed for comparison of world language typology, whereas 165 features (UT) have been designed specifically to describe the typological variation within the Uralic language family. We present a series of analyses of the dataset demonstrating its scope and possibilit

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Oomen, Marloes, and Roland Pfau. "Signing not (or not): A typological perspective on standard negation in Sign Language of the Netherlands." Linguistic Typology 21, no. 1 (2017): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2017-0001.

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AbstractThe expression of standard negation by means of manual and/or non-manual markers has been described for a considerable number of sign languages. Typological comparisons have revealed an intriguing dichotomy: while some sign languages require a manual negative element in negative clauses (manual-dominant sign languages), in others negation can be realized by a non-manual marker alone (in particular a headshake; non-manual-dominant sign languages). We are here adding data from Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) to the picture, and we demonstrate that NGT belongs to the latter group.

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Driemel, Imke, Johannes Hein, Cory Bill, et al. "Negative Concord without Agree: Insights from German, Dutch and English Child Language." Languages 8, no. 3 (2023): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8030179.

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Children acquiring a non-negative concord language like English or German have been found to consistently interpret sentences with two negative elements in a negative concord manner as conveying a single semantic negation. Corpus-based investigations for English and German show that children also produce sentences with two negative elements but only a single negation meaning. As any approach to negative concord and negative indefinites needs to account for both the typological variation and the child data, we revisit the three most current syntactic Agree-based analyses, as well as a movement-

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Driemel, Imke, Johannes Hein, Cory Bill, et al. "Negative Concord without Agree: Insights from German, Dutch and English Child Language." Languages 8, no. 3 (2023): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8030179.

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Children acquiring a non-negative concord language like English or German have been found to consistently interpret sentences with two negative elements in a negative concord manner as conveying a single semantic negation. Corpus-based investigations for English and German show that children also produce sentences with two negative elements but only a single negation meaning. As any approach to negative concord and negative indefinites needs to account for both the typological variation and the child data, we revisit the three most current syntactic Agree-based analyses, as well as a movement-

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De Clercq, Karen. "The internal syntax of Q-words." Linguistics in the Netherlands 34 (November 23, 2017): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.34.03dec.

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Abstract This paper aims at describing Q(uantity)-words, i.e. many/much and few/little, from a typological perspective, and presenting typological generalisations based on it. The typological sample provides support for a mass-count and positive-negative dimension in the domain of Q-words. Both dimensions also intersect. Along the negative dimension, it seems that languages fall into two groups: those having an opaque strategy for few/little and those having only an analytic strategy (not-much/many). Four patterns can be discerned on the basis of the sample, which are each exemplified by means

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Poletto, Cecilia. "Contrastive linguistics and micro-variation." Languages in Contrast 12, no. 1 (2012): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.1.04pol.

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This article deals with a very general problem, namely the origin of the well-known distinction between dialectal and typological variation. It is argued that the fact that the possible grammatical choices are more restricted within a dialectal domain is not due to a supposed principled difference in the parameters that rule variation. Rather, they are a function of the originally unitary lexicon dialects share. If language variation is essentially located in the functional items, and they are derived from the same lexicon, then they will share some core properties that make dialectal variatio

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Moriarty, Erin. "Variation in Indonesian Sign Language: A Typological and Sociolinguistic Analysis by Nick Palfreyman." Sign Language Studies 20, no. 2 (2020): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2020.0006.

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Sompolska-Rzechuła, Agnieszka. "Spatial variation in the quality of life in Poland." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 62, no. 6 (2017): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0958.

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The subject of the article is to assess the similarity of voivodships in Poland in terms of the quality of life of inhabitants and to define typological classes of voivodships concerning the analysed phenomenon. The study was conducted by means of fuzzy classification — C-means. The choice of the method resulted from the nature of the researched phenomenon, which is difficult to identify unequivocally. Data from the CSO studies and the Social Diagnosis 2015 relating to 2014 were used in the research. The analysis proved that Polish voivodships are very different in terms of the quality of life

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Lewandowski, Wojciech, and Şeyda Özçalışkan. "How language type influences patterns of motion expression in bilingual speakers." Second Language Research 37, no. 1 (2019): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658319877214.

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Expression of motion shows systematic inter-typological variability between language types, particularly with respect to manner and path components of motion: speakers of satellite-framed languages (S-language; e.g. German) frequently conflate manner and path into a single clause, while verb-framed language speakers (V-language; e.g. Spanish) typically express manner and path in separate clauses, a pattern that also becomes evident in bilinguals’ expression of motion events in each language type. However, less is known about intra-typological variability within each language type, particularly

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Börjars, Kersti. "Swedish Double Determination in a European Typological Perspective." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 17, no. 2 (1994): 219–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500003024.

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This article discusses a phenomenon which has been referred to as ‘double determination’, ‘double definiteness’, or in the Scandinavian tradition ‘over-definiteness’. In this article, I define double determination and double definiteness, so that a distinction is made between the two terms. I use ‘double determination’ when both elements can function independently as semantic determiners. ‘Double definiteness’, on the other hand, is a form of agreement. A number of Swedish constructions are then examined which are plausible candidates for double determination. It is shown that only some of the

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Suzuki, Seiichi. "Metrical Positions and their Linguistic Realisations in Old Germanic Metres: A Typological Overview." Studia Metrica et Poetica 1, no. 2 (2014): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2014.1.2.02.

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This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent

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