Academic literature on the topic 'Typologie prostitution'

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive typology of the sex industry based on primary data collected between 2018 and 2019 for a UK Home Office-funded study. Typologies of the contemporary sex industry in England and Wales have tended to be limited to particular sectors or have been developed from a specific disciplinary perspective or theme (e.g. sexual health programming, income). Situated in the context of international sex industry typologies, this paper seeks to address this gap. Data was derived from an online survey, questionnaires and consultations with stakeholders including individuals currently or formerly involved in selling sex, service providers/NGOs, police, local authority representatives and others. The data was supplemented with insights from a systematic literature search. This work aims to assist with programme and policy planning in the UK context. Our methods can assist in developing typologies in other contexts.

Although academics have focused on sugaring in various parts of the globe, sugar relationships in the United States have largely been ignored. The few studies that address these arrangements in the United States often frame them as a form of prostitution. Drawing from 48 in-depth interviews with women in the United States who have been in sugar relationships, I adopt a connected lives approach to explore the structure of these arrangements and to assess the extent to which they are a form of prostitution. Overall, I found that, although there is a dominant, subcultural relationship script that serves as a blueprint for sugar arrangements, they comprise their own unique relational package and take a variety of forms when enacted on an interpersonal level. Specifically, I identified seven types of sugar relationships, only one of which can be considered prostitution. These included sugar prostitution, compensated dating, compensated companionship, sugar dating, sugar friendships, sugar friendships with benefits, and pragmatic love.

Prostitution has not received the academic interest it deserves in Poland. On the one hand the issue of eroticism and human sexuality is a relatively strong cultural taboo, on the other research on prostitution raises numerous methodological diffi culties. The purpose of this article is to explore two issues. The fi rst is go back to unsatisfactory attempts to defi ne the commercial sex. The second is to look at legal regulations regarding this issue in Poland and several European countries. At the level of sociological reflection, prostitution can be defi ned by referring to the elements of a specifi c interaction between two people, one of whom offers paid sex and the other of whom is interested in using such a service. Prostitution is defi ned completely differently in law and in several European countries, for example in Great Britain and Austria there are interesting legal provisions. But I propose my own definition of prostitution or sex work in which the eight elements are combined. As far as legal regulations of prostitution are concern four categories of countries can be mentioned in Europe. From these in which the provision and purchase of sexual services is prohibited, to those where prostitution is legal and the professional status of the person engaging in it is regulated. There is also variety of perceptions of prostitution as a social phenomenon and different typologies of policies implemented by individual countries. But it appears that further studies on sex business and prostitution as a social phenomenon are needed.

<p>This article is focused on the study conducted on prostitution customers in Spain with the purpose of understanding why men pay for sex. In order to answer this question, the discourses of prostitution customers were analyzed through semi-structured in-depth interviews, group interviews and discussion groups. With the aim of coherently structuring the obtained narrations and classifying them in categories, the theoretical framework “frame analysis” was implemented. Four typologies of ideal customers were obtained: the misogynistic (hatred for women); consumerist (everything can be bought and sold); friend (affective though abusive); and critical (occasional and repentant). As far as we are concerned, the purchase of sex is not produced by the search for quality sex, fun and hedonistic enjoyment, but rather for a strategy to reinforce masculinity based on an identity focused on exhibition in front of a group of peers. </p>

Introduction: Engaging in sex, which is obligatory associated with the extraordinary risks of harm to their own safety and physical health, can be considered as one of the variants of self-destruction. The aim is to analyze the leading descriptors and predictors of self-destructive behavior among female sex workers, on the basis of which to propose measures for their psycho-correction. Materials and methods: The main group of the study was 135 women - female sex workers, a comparative group of 50 women who had no relation to such activities. The research methods were clinical-psychological, socio-demographic, psycho diagnostic, mathematical-statistical. Results: Suicidal mood was investigated as a descriptor of self-destructive behavior in female sex workers. Features of suicidal ideas and the basis of committing suicide are revealed. The motivating emotions of a suicidal act are shame, anger and resentment. Psychological protection as a mechanism for maintaining risky sexual behavior has been studied. Identified destructive forms of primitive level mechanisms of psychological defense. It was revealed that in women engaged in prostitution the overall viability is not sufficiently formed, mainly due to the low level of inclusion. The presence of sacrifice in the form of increased propensity to active victim behavior has been established. An increased tendency toward an active type of victim behavior has been established. Leading individual psychological and behavioral patterns in the genesis of self-destructive behavior in female sex workers have been identified and its clinical and psychological options have been singled out. Based on the data obtained, a program of measures for differentiated psycho-correction of self-destructive behavior among female sex workers was developed. Conclusions: As a result of work, the conceptualization of occupation of prostitution as a self-destructive behavior is grounded. The isolation of its specific pathognomonic psycho-emotional, individual psychological and behavioral features, made it possible to propose effective measures of its psycho-correction and of psycho-processing.

Mangga Besar has an image of the region which is famous for its nightlife and culinary tourism in it, this area also has an anomaly that has become a public secret which is a brothel. Taken from the description of the issue of prostitution that embodies, there is a body that connotations are “valued” by certain standard criteria (beauty, sexy, etc.) Similarly, everyday social life is faced with the existence of certain social value standards regarding the appearance and shape of the body as body goals. So that not a few people experience insecurity with their own bodies, and the impact is there are psychological symptoms of low self-acceptance, body shaming, non-equality, etc. The project has a vision to show the diversity of the human body, each body and condition of the human being to create self-identity so that it aims to increase knowledge about body acceptance as a value by supporting the existence of body positivity. By using pattern language method and type of activity space as a typology that hoped it can help to translate the space from the projects background. The mission is to create a space that supports the growth of the community within them with the theme is body and space, which is the relationship between the human body that forms its own space through movements that are formed as expressions of self and where the body here is the main actor of an architectural space. Besides that, it is also used as a third place facility that supports the region, so this gallery has 3 main programs, education, entertainment, and socialize. Keywords: Body; Community; Expression; Social; SpaceAbstrakMangga Besar memiliki citra kawasan yang terkenal akan kehidupan malamnya. Kawasan ini juga memiliki anomali yang sudah menjadi rahasia umum yaitu tempat pelacuran. Terambil dari gambaran isu prostitusi yang mewujudkan bahwa adanya tubuh yang secara konotasi “dihargai” dengan kriteria standar tertentu (cantik, sexy, dll). Sama halnya dengan kehidupan sosial sehari-hari yang dihadapi dengan adanya standar nilai sosial tertentu mengenai penampilan dan bentuk tubuh sebagai body goals. Sehingga tak sedikit orang mengalami insecurity dengan tubuh mereka sendiri, dan dampaknya ada gejala psikologis akan self-acceptance yang rendah, body shaming, non-equality, dll. Proyek memiliki visi untuk menunjukkan akan keberagaman tubuh manusia, setiap tubuh dan kondisi manusia mencerminkan identitas diri sehingga bertujuan meningkakan pengetahuan mengenai body acceptance as a value dengan mendukung adanya gerakan body positivity. Misi menciptakan sebuah ruang yang mendukung pertumbuhan komunitas di dalamnya yang bertemakan body and space, yang dimana hubungan antara tubuh manusia yang membentuk ruangnya sendiri melalui gerakan yang terbentuk sebagai ekspresi dari diri dan dimana tubuh disini adalah aktor utama dari sebuah ruang arsitektur. Dengan menerapkan metode pattern laguange dan tipe ruang kegiatan sebagai pola diharapkan dapat membantu menerjemahkan ruang dari visi yang ingin diciptakan. Selain itu dijadikan sebagai fasilitas third place yang menunjang untuk kawasan, sehingga dibentuknya sebuah gallery yang memiliki 3 program utama yaitu adanya education, entertainment, dan socialize.

Mots clés : Groupe à Haut risque - Typologie - TS - HSH –VIH -IST- Afrique CentraleProblématique : Les femmes travailleuses du sexe (TS) et les hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec des hommes (HSH) constituent les populations les plus à risque d’infection au VIH dans différents pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. A ce jour, très peu d’interventions sont menées pour réduire le risque d’infection en influant sur les facteurs de risque dans ces deux populations en Afrique Centrale et particulièrement en République Centrafricaine. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’établir une typologie documentée des transactions sexuelles féminines à Bangui et de mesurer la prévalence du VIH et des comorbidités associées dans ces deux populations.Méthodologie : D’abord de 1384 femmes volontaires sensibilisées ont été recrutées sur les lieux de leurs activités et orientées au niveau du site de l’enquête. Parmi lesquelles 345 ont été identifiées comme travailleuses du sexe. Et, par effet « boule de neige », 131 Hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des Hommes (HSH) ont été recrutés pour constitués la deuxième population de l’étude. Des analyses biologiques ont été effectuées. Un volet d’entretien est réalisé auprès de 20 TS.Résultats : Les résultats en ce qui concerne les TS montrent que cette pratique est très hétérogène et que la prévalence du VIH varie selon les catégories. Ainsi, la prévalence du VIH était de 6 fois plus élevé chez les "katas" que chez les "pupulenge" (39,1% contre 6,3%). Parmi les TS non professionnel, les «élèves/étudiants», «fonctionnaires ou salariées » et «femmes au foyer» étaient moins infectées par le VIH (6,1%, 9,8%, 13,0%, respectivement), tandis que les «vendeuses ambulantes», constituait la catégorie la plus touchées par le VIH (31,9%). Et, l'infection à VIH était fortement associée à la pratique du sexe anal avec les clients (OR ajusté, 4.3), à l'utilisation ou non du préservatif avec les clients (OR ajusté, 24.9), à la consommation d'alcool avant le travail du sexe (OR ajusté, 2.8) et à la notion d’antécédents d'IST (OR ajusté, 4.2).La population de HSH à Bangui est identifiée pour la première fois comme un groupe à haut risque pour l’infection à VIH, étant 5 fois plus infectées par le VIH que la population générale d'adultes hétérosexuels. Parmi eux 20 % étaient infectés par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) (Ag HBs), dont 6 cas étaient co- infectés par le VIH et le VHB et dans 3,8 % cas la sérologie positive pour la syphilis. Les HSH à Bangui ont donc besoin d'interventions d'urgence spécifiques de prévention et de soins de santé.Conclusion : Les résultats de ce travail permis de mieux caractérisés et documentés les populations des femmes TS et les HSH à Bangui. Deux groupes de populations « originales » pour la République Centrafricaine, vulnérables et à haut risque d’infection à VIH
Keywords : high risk group- typology - FSW - MSM –HIV -STD- Central AfricanBackground: The population of female sex workers (FSW) and the group of men who have sex with men (MSM) constitutes a priori an important core group of HIV transmission. In the context of the Central African Republic the situation of FSW and MSM is yet unknown. The objectives of this thesis were to establish a documented typology of female sexual transactions in Bangui and to measure the prevalence of HIV and associated comorbidities in these two populations.Materials and Methods: First 1384 sensitized female volunteers were recruited to the site of their activities and oriented at the survey site. Finally, 345 FSW questionnaires were selected for study analysis. MSM were recruited on a voluntary basis by the way of local network of nonprofit organizations working in the field of HIV infection. Included MSM were referred to the National STD center of Bangui for social, behavioral and medical evaluation. After collection of social and behavioral characteristics, each participant received a physical examination and a blood sample was taken for HIV and STD testing.Main results: Female prostitution in the CAR is remarkably heterogeneous. Risk-taking regarding HIV infection is very different between each category of female prostitution. HIV varied according to FSW categories, Thus, HIV prevalence was 6-fold higher among « kata » than « pupulenge » (39.1% versus 6.3%).Among non professionnal FSW, « students », « civil servants » and « housewifes » were the less infected (6.1%, 9.8%, 13.0%, respectively), whereas « sellers » constituted the category of highest HIV prevalence (31.9%).HIV infection in the whole study FSW population was strongly associated with anal sex practice with last clients (adjusted OR, 4.3), condom use in last 3 months (adjusted OR, 24.9), alcohol consumption before sex (adjusted OR, 2.8) and past history of STIs (adjusted OR, 4.2). The population of MSM in Bangui is identified for the first time as a yet unexpected high-risk group for HIV, being 5-fold higher HIV-infected than the general adult heterosexual population. The 131 (100%) MSM accepted blood sampling: 24 % were HIV-1-infected; 20% were infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) (Ag HBs), including 6 cases of co-infection by HIV and HBV; 3,8 % showed positive syphilis serology. The MSM in Bangui, needing urgently specific interventions for prevention and heath care.Conclusion: The results of this work led to better characterized and documented populations of women and TS MSM in Bangui. Two groups population "original" for the Central African Republic, vulnerable and at high risk of HIV infection

La présente thèse vise à analyser et à explorer la gestion du proxénétisme par les forces de l’ordre suivant les trajectoires criminelles et policières de personnes éventuellement enquêtées pour du proxénétisme, les logiques de décisions policières et l’efficacité des interventions policières dont ces proxénètes font l’objet. Elle étudie les interventions policières dont les proxénètes font l’objet par l’analyse quantitative de données policières d’une grande ville canadienne entre 2001 et 2014 (n=589) en trois analyses. D’abord, l’approche typologique privilégiée consiste à partitionner les trajectoires des proxénètes enquêtés en différentes classes. Elle rend compte de la diversité des proxénètes contemporains, diversité perceptible dans les caractéristiques mises en lumière par la construction de trois groupes de trajectoires : les gestionnaires discrets, les polymorphes peu violents et les suractifs querelleurs. Nos résultats indiquent qu’une minorité de proxénètes se démarquent par leur polymorphisme criminel. Ensuite, l’étude des logiques de décisions policières comprend l’examen de trois principaux registres : le premier s’opère dans une logique policière de résolution d’un crime où le policier priorise les crimes graves et ceux qui s’inscrivent dans une série, le deuxième découle d’un profilage basé sur l’apparence ethnique cumulée du sexe et de l’âge et le troisième registre reprend un discours moralisateur en matière de prostitution. Les séries chronologiques indiquent qu’au fil des années le proxénétisme principalement coercitif gagne en importance par rapport au proxénétisme non coercitif. Les analyses de survie montrent que la fréquence de la criminalité n’influence pas les risques de surveillance proactive, mais que le score moyen de gravité influence les probabilités d’être visé par un contrôle d’identité pour un mois donné. Ce résultat est logique : la gravité d’un crime joue plus sur la surveillance que sa fréquence. Ces résultats cumulés à l’effet important de trois caractéristiques sociodémographiques nous conduisent à rejeter l’hypothèse selon laquelle les policiers sévissent uniformément sans tenir compte du fait que les proxénètes sont criminalisés à des degrés très divers. Or, même si les décisions policières ciblant les proxénètes obéissent à une logique pragmatique qui les conduit à contrôler plus souvent les suspects ayant des antécédents les plus graves, il n’en reste pas moins que, à criminalité comparable, la distribution des interventions policières s’apparente à des pratiques qui ne sont pas limitées à des considérations pragmatiques. Enfin, en ce qui a trait à l’efficacité des interventions policières à dissuader la récidive des proxénètes enquêtés, d’autres analyses de survie indiquent qu’une criminalité fréquente précipite la récidive, peu importe le type de proxénétisme. De plus, la surveillance policière n'a pas d’effet sur les probabilités de récidive. Les proxénètes enquêtés semblent insensibles à ces mesures, donc si l’arrestation est dissuasive, elle ne l’est pas suffisamment pour montrer un effet sur la trajectoire. De plus, l’influence de la gravité moyenne sur les risques de récidive porte à croire à la présence d’un délai de l’effet de dissuasion où les proxénètes en viennent à commettre plusieurs délits, donc leur trajectoire accumule les interventions policières, par exemple pour des crimes contre la personne ou encore pour des bris de conditions. Sans prostitution, il n’y a pas de proxénétisme. C’est pourquoi afin de comprendre la place du proxénétisme dans l'industrie de la prostitution, il est essentiel de tenir compte des deux principales approches d’études de la prostitution : d'une part la perspective réglementariste, qui cadre la prostitution comme un travail non reconnu, d'autre part la position abolitionniste, qui suggère que la prostitution est une forme de violence faite aux femmes dans le cadre d'une situation à laquelle elles n'ont jamais consenti. Bien que les deux postures puissent être défendues, la présente thèse offre un point de vue nuancé où des questions relatives à la criminalité des proxénètes et à l’influence du discours dominant sur les pratiques policières et à leur efficacité sont soulevées. La thèse conclut par une discussion sur l’allocation de ressources policières spécialisées dans la lutte au proxénétisme, à la traite de personne et à l’exploitation sexuelle et sur leur apport pour réunir des conditions de prostitution plus sécuritaires.
The present thesis aims to analyze and explore the management of procuring by the police according to the criminal and police trajectories of people eventually investigated for procuring crimes, the logics of police decisions and the effectiveness of police interventions aiming these people. The thesis analyzes police interventions of which pimps are the object during their trajectory by the quantitative analysis of police data reconstituting the criminal and police trajectories of people eventually targeted in a pimping investigation of a large Canadian city between 2001 and 2014 (n=589). First, the preferred typological approach consists in dividing trajectories into different classes. It accounts for the diversity of contemporary pimps, a perceptible diversity in the characteristics brought to light by the construction of three groups of trajectories: discrete managers, low-violent polymorphs and quarrelsome overactives. Our results indicate that a minority of pimps stand out for their criminal polymorphism. Second, the study of the logics of police decisions includes the examination of three main registers: the first takes place in a police logic of resolution of a crime where the police officer prioritizes the serious crimes and those which are part of a series, the second arises from profiling based on the cumulative of ethnic appearance, sex and age and the third register takes up a moralizing discourse on prostitution. Time series indicate that, over the years, coercive pimping has gained in importance in investigations over non-coercive pimping. However, survival analyzes show the frequency of crime does not influence the risks of proactive surveillance, but that the average severity score does influence the odds of being targeted for an identity check in a given month. This result is logical: the seriousness of a crime affects surveillance more than its frequency. These results, combined with the important effect of the three socio-demographic characteristics leads us to reject the hypothesis according to which the police force uniformly target their suspects without considering the fact that alleged pimps are criminalized to varying degrees. However, even if police decisions targeting pimps obey a pragmatic logic which leads them to more often check suspects with the most serious criminal records, the fact remains that, for comparable criminality, the distribution of police interventions regarding street checks are not limited to pragmatic considerations. Third, with regard to the effectiveness of police interventions in deterring the recidivism of alleged pimps, survival analyzes indicate that frequent crime precipitates recidivism, regardless of the type of pimping. In addition, police surveillance has no effect on the likelihood of recidivism. The pimps investigated seem unresponsive to these measures, so while the arrest might be a deterrent, it is not enough to show an effect on the trajectory. In addition, the influence of average severity on the risk of recidivism suggests the presence of a delay in the deterrent effect where pimps come to commit several offenses, so their trajectory accumulates police interventions, for example for violent crimes or for breach of conditions. Without prostitution, there is no third parties or pimps. This is why in order to understand the place of pimps and third parties in the sex industry, it is essential to address the two main approaches and their vision of prostitution: one perspective frames prostitution as a unrecognized work, and the other one suggests that prostitution is a form of violence against women in a situation to which they have never consented. Although both positions can be defended, this thesis offers a nuanced point of view where questions relating to the criminality of pimps and the influence of the dominant discourse on police practices and their effectiveness are raised. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the allocation of police resources specializing in the fight against human trafficking and sexual exploitation and their contribution to bringing together safer prostitution conditions.