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Journal articles on the topic 'Typology (Linguistics)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

van der Auwera, Johan. "From contrastive linguistics to linguistic typology." Languages in Contrast 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2012): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.1.05auw.

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The paper looks back at Hawkins (1986), A comparative typology of English and German, and shows, on the basis of raising and human impersonal pronouns in English, Dutch and German, that contrastive linguistics can be viewed as a pilot study in typology. It also pleads for doing the contrastive linguistics of three languages rather than of two, not least because the third language can teach us something about the other two.

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Uktamovna, Khusenova Mekhriniso. "COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue06-08.

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Comparative linguistics, or comparative-historical linguistics (formerly comparative philology ) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness. This article focuses on the comparative typology of English, Uzbek and discusses the formation of comparative typology as a science, its methods of analysis, and the relations it with other linguistic subjects. Key words-comparative typology, confrontative linguistics, contrastive linguistics, linguistic characterology, comparativists, notions of a type of a language and a type in a language, linguistic universals, recessives and uncials

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Yuldasheva, Mastona. "COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY IN CONTEMPORARY LINGUISTICS." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-05.

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4

박종후. "The traverse between historical linguistics and linguistic typology." Language Facts and Perspectives 35, no. ll (May 2015): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20988/lfp.2015.35..261.

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5

Müller-Gotama, Franz, Paolo Ramat, and Franz Muller-Gotama. "Linguistic Typology." Language 65, no. 2 (June 1989): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415369.

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6

Kurabe, Keita. "Jinghpaw loanword typology." Asian Languages and Linguistics 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.00009.kur.

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Abstract Jinghpaw is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in northern Burma and adjacent areas of China and India. The language is known for both its conservative nature (e.g., comparative Tibeto-Burman linguistics) and the innovative nature of its speakers (e.g., social anthropology of highland Burma). In view of this duality, this paper explores the Jinghpaw lexicon asking whether it is conservative enough to shed great light on the reconstruction of the proto-language or whether it is innovative, having undergone a grand-scale lexical replacement under intensive contact. This paper addresses this question by measuring the lexical borrowing rate in the language based on the methodology laid out by the Loanword Typology (LWT) project. The results put Jinghpaw among average borrower languages in terms of the borrowability scale of the world’s languages. This study concludes that the Jinghpaw lexicon, especially its basic vocabulary, is relatively conservative, and the semantic fields affected by borrowing are mostly restricted to those that show high cross-linguistic susceptibility to intercultural influences. The results and discussion in this paper enable further understanding of comparative Tibeto-Burman linguistics and contact linguistics of northern Burma and beyond.

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Croft, William. "Typology and the future of Cognitive Linguistics." Cognitive Linguistics 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0056.

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AbstractThe relationship between typology and Cognitive Linguistics was first posed in the 1980s, in terms of the relationship between Greenbergian universals and the knowledge of the individual speaker. An answer to this question emerges from understanding the role of linguistic variation in language, from occasions of language use to typological diversity. This in turn requires the contribution of discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, and evolutionary historical linguistics as well as typology and Cognitive Linguistics. While Cognitive Linguistics is part of this enterprise, a theory of language that integrates all of these approaches is necessary.

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Buniiatova, Izabella. "COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS: AIMS, TARGETS, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.2.

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This is a survey of comparative linguistics viewed as a set of the related paradigms that embrace comparative historical linguistics, aerial linguistics, linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics. The treatment of the science in question is largely based on the author’s long-standing experience deduced from research projects and from teaching it as a University professor. Placing the aforementioned paradigms under the umbrella concept “comparative linguistics” seems relevant and appropriate due to their sharing the key tool of investigation, i.e., COMPARISON, also due to their providing each other with applicable procedures and principles, as in case of two seemingly closer pairs, comparative historical and aerial areal linguistics, on the one hand, linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics, on the other hand.

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Abiev, B. M., and B. K. Serdali. "Problems of Discourse Typology in Linguistics." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 129, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2023-3/2664-0686.08.

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When defining the term Discourse, the difference between its content and structure converges on the basis of speech, the presentation of one's own thoughts. Social activity requires consideration of discourse in the context of communicative activity, taking into account its inseparable socio-psychological characteristics. In linguistic science, even in the context of the structure of discourse, the vision of scientists-researchers in the general solution has not been formed. Nevertheless, it is obvious that there is a certain system of steps of organized communication and the structure of the exchange of speech actions. In the article, some typology sections are conventionally named “typology”, “structural typology”, “comparative typology”, “regional typology”, “counterlinguistics”, “linguistic universals”, “translation grammar”, “comparative typological linguistics” and others. The terms “matching” and “comparison method” are often synonymous. Such a proliferation of terms shows that linguistic typology is not yet firmly established as a science. In linguistics, it includes the discipline of each section and all types of linguistic typology, the juxtaposition of comparative and typological methods, the typological description of related and unrelated languages, characteristic and uncharacteristic studies, etc. To determine such contradictory views, these studies were and are necessary. On the one hand, modern journalistic discourse is characterized by an abundance of template forms of Moderna, ready-made blocks, turns and speech stereotypes. On the other hand, journalism is full of methods and forms that are not fixed in the language sphere and created in a certain speech situation with a certain communicative purpose. Among the many media typical of Moderna discourse, the main focus is on influencing the information and emotions of the addressee and achieving a positive communicative result. These concepts are also significantly disclosed in the article.

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Salokhiddinov, Manuchehr, and Oybek Rabimov. "Comparative analysis of language typology and its tasks." Общество и инновации 2, no. 12/S (February 5, 2022): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss12/s-pp319-322.

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Comparative language typology is part of the general typology of linguistics. She studies systems of two or more languages, certain categories of languages in a deductive way (from external to internal). Comparative linguistic typology, as the concept itself shows, is a linguistic subject of typology based on the method of comparison. Comparative typology can equally consider only dominant or common features, as well as only distinctive features that occur in languages of the same structural type (synthetic, analytical, agglutinative, etc.) or in languages of different structural types (synthetic and analytical, agglutinative and incorporated, etc.). The classification of the main essential features of languages, and their most important characteristics and patterns, are the subject of comparative linguistic typology. The task of comparative linguistic typology is to create general typological rules and concepts by comparing linguistic phenomena of different languages. Classification of the main essential features of languages, the most important characteristics and regularities are the subject of comparative typology. The task of Comparative Typology is to create General typological rules and conceptions by comparing linguistic phenomena of various languages.

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Round, Erich R., and Greville G. Corbett. "Comparability and measurement in typological science: The bright future for linguistics." Linguistic Typology 24, no. 3 (October 25, 2020): 489–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-2060.

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AbstractLinguistics, and typology in particular, can have a bright future. We justify this optimism by discussing comparability from two angles. First, we take the opportunity presented by this special issue of Linguistic Typology to pause for a moment and make explicit some of the logical underpinnings of typological sciences, linguistics included, which we believe are worth reminding ourselves of. Second, we give a brief illustration of comparison, and particularly measurement, within modern typology.

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Pushina, N. I., and E. A. Shirokikh. "ECOTEXT IN TEXT LINGUISTICS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 4 (August 26, 2022): 742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-4-742-751.

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The article is devoted to ecotext as one of the text types in text linguistics. Modern text linguistics studying structure, semantics and text functioning is multisided and multidimensional in its interaction with the problems of discourse, semiotics, narratology, psycholinguistics which is explained by the extension and modification of the notion «the text» because of its heterogeneity and multimodality. Extension of the typological range of texts includes the problem of their typology into the agenda again. Ecotext as a comparatively new type of the text may fill one of the lacunas of text typology and contribute to the solution of the question on the creation of general, global and universal typology which could embrace all text diversity.

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Eska, Joseph F., and Jacek Fisiak. "Linguistic Reconstruction and Typology." Language 74, no. 4 (December 1998): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417019.

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14

Teich, Elke. "System-oriented and text-oriented comparative linguistic research." Languages in Contrast 2, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.2.2.04tei.

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The main concern of this paper is to develop a model of cross-linguistic variation that is applicable to various kinds of comparative linguistic research. The motivation for this lies in the observation that there is little interaction among the major areas of comparative linguistic investigation — language typology, contrastive linguistics, translation studies, and the computational modeling of multilingual processes as implemented in machine translation or multilingual text generation. The divide between them can be characterized by a general orientation towards describing the relation between language systems (as in language typology) vs. describing the relation between texts (as in translation studies). It will be suggested that with a model of cross-linguistic comparison that accommodates both the system view and the text view on cross-linguistic variation, language typology, contrastive linguistics, translation studies and multilingual computational linguistics can be shown to have mutually compatible concerns rather than being entirely disjunct endeavors. The model proposed is based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), using the representational categories SFL sets up as parameters along which cross-linguistic variation can be described. The fundamental assumption brought forward by SFL that acts as a unifier of concerns is that texts are ultimately instantiations of the language system under certain specifiable contexts of use. A model of cross-linguistic variation based on SFL thus bears the promise of opening up the text view for the system-oriented branch of cross-linguistic study, and the system view for the text-oriented branch. I illustrate the model with data from several European languages, concentrating on the register of instructional text.

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15

LaPolla, Randy J. "Forward to the past." Asian Languages and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.00005.lap.

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Abstract This paper argues that linguistic typology, and linguistics more generally, got off to a good start in the 19th century with scholars like Wilhelm von Humboldt and Georg von der Gabelentz, where the understanding was that each language manifests a unique world view, and it is important to study and compare those world views. This tradition is still alive, but was sidelined and even denigrated for many years due to the rise of Structuralism, which attempted to study language structures divorced from their linguistic and socio-cultural contexts. The paper reviews the understandings the early scholars had and points out their similarities with cutting edge current views in cognitive linguistics, construction grammar, and interactional linguistics, which had to be rediscovered due to the influence of Structuralism for so many years. It then argues that we should make linguistic typology (and linguistics more generally) more modern, scientific, and empirical by returning to our roots.

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Eriksen, Pål Kristian, Seppo Kittilä, and Leena Kolehmainen. "The linguistics of weather." Studies in Language 34, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 565–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.34.3.03eri.

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This paper is a cross-linguistic investigation of meteorological expressions (such as it is snowing or the wind blows). The paper proposes a three-fold typology of meteorological constructions according to the element primarily responsible for the coding of weather. In the predicate type, a predicate expresses the meteorological event, while an argument has other functions. In the argument type, an argument is responsible for expressing weather, while any eventual predicate is semantically rather vacuous. In the argument-predicate type, finally, both a predicate and an argument are involved. All types include subtypes, depending on the syntactic valency and the parts of speech of the elements involved. Building upon the typology of constructions, a typology of languages is also proposed based on the coding of precipitation and temperature.

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Zotova, A. K., D. I. Kolomatsky, and O. I. Romanova. "Meaningful Absence: Lacunae in the "Languages of the World" Database (Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences)." Linguistics and Language Teaching 16, no. 1 (2022): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2022-16-1-20-38.

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The paper outlines lacunae in the latest version of the «Languages of the World» Da-tabase (Institute of Linguistics, RAS). Lacunae of various origins and types are analysed along with linguistic terminology representing different descriptive traditions, primarily based on the «Languages of the World» encyclopedia (Institute of Linguistics, RAS). The topic can be of interest for those dealing with applied linguistics, linguistic typology and databases.

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Korbozerova, Nina. "TASKS OF MODERN LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY AND CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS (on the example of comparing Spanish and Ukrainian languages)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 41 (2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2022.41.03.

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When comparing the native language and a foreign language, several methods of comparison are used, which differ significantly from each other. Therefore, the disciplines that deal with the comparison of two or more languages are multilingual, they are based on cross-linguistic comparison. Comparative-historical, areal, and typological research aims to build appropriate classifications of languages, they are aimed at finding similar features in the compared languages that connect them and form the basis for genetic correspondences, which is explained by primary linguistic affinity. Contrastive linguistics is mainly interested in what distinguishes the languages being compared, and what may be a factor causing cross-linguistic interference. Comparative typology and congruent linguistics, not being interested in the genetic origin of languages, their diachronic development, have their specific goals, purpose, research material and limits of application. If comparative typology pays attention primarily to similar features between two languages, then contrastive linguistics focuses on identifying differences in order to prevent mistakes when learning foreign languages.

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Chen, Matthew Y. "Tone Rule Typology." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 18, no. 2 (September 25, 1992): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v18i2.1545.

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Trufanova, Irina V. "Types of Synesthesia in B. Pasternak’s Story “Childhood Luvers” (“Childhood Eyelets”)." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 15, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2024-15-1-126-137.

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The study is devoted to the issue of developing a typology of synesthesia. In our card index there are 40,000 examples from the works of Russian writers, in the story “Childhood Luvers” (“Childhood Eyelets”) there are about 200 of them, there are 32 types of synesthesia in the story, and, if synaesthesia is included in synesthesia, there are about 40. The study is written on the material of the story “Childhood of Eyelets” by B. Pasternak “, since the story reveals rare types of synesthesia, without which the typology of synesthesia would be incomplete. The lack of a consensus on the mechanism of synesthesia, a generally accepted definition of synesthesia, a generally accepted typology, and the discovery of new forms by psychologists determine the relevance of our work. The purpose of the study is to describe synesthesia in the story “Childhood Luvers” (“Childhood Eyelets”). Scientific novelty is determined by the development of a new typology of synesthesia, the introduction of original linguistic material into linguistic use, since previously synesthesia in the prose of B. Pasternak was not the subject of linguistic research, a description of occasional synesthesia (In the works of predecessors, the subject of analysis was mainly usual synesthesia). The peculiarity of the typology of synesthesia proposed in the article is the synthesis of typologies of synesthesia existing in linguistics and psychology. The need for such a synthesis is substantiated; The signs of occasional synesthesia are listed. The set goal determined the choice of integrative analysis of linguistic and psychological data as a research method. This method made it possible to describe occasional synesthesia, which is the cornerstone of B. Pasternak’s poetics; establish that the heroine of the story is a synesthete of visual touch; and also to identify in the story types of synesthesia that were not previously identified in linguistics: the sensation of a person in color, in geometric form, the sensation of a word in color, the sensation of a word by weight, taste, smoothness-roughness, moisture-dryness, as having a temperature, etc. Verbal Synesthesia is highlighted in our article for the first time in linguistics and psychology.

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Nordlinger, Rachel. "The Typology of Reciprocal Constructions." Annual Review of Linguistics 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-022421-064006.

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Reciprocal constructions involve a complex mapping of semantics onto morphosyntax, requiring multiple propositions to be overlaid onto a single clause and the permutation of semantic roles within the set of participants involved. This complexity challenges the standard processes relating predicates to situations, and thus languages arrive at a great diversity of solutions for how reciprocal situations are encoded within a single clausal structure. Recent typological work has showcased this diversity from different perspectives, but further work is needed to determine how different morphosyntactic and semantic properties interact and what implicational connections and correlations exist with other parts of the linguistic system. Theoretical typologies highlight the importance of reciprocal constructions for our understanding of grammatical structure crosslinguistically.

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Abdisamadovna, Arabova Dinora. "Essential features of linguistic typology and its principal concepts in modern linguistics." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 12, no. 4 (2022): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2022.00173.3.

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Kouwenberg, Silvia. "Creole studies and linguistic typology." Pidgins and Creoles in Asian Contexts 25, no. 1 (February 5, 2010): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.25.1.07kou.

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Paveau, Marie-Anne. "Do non-linguists practice linguistics?" AILA Review 24 (December 21, 2011): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.24.03pav.

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This contribution discusses two issues: (a) it provides a definition and an analysis of the term “non-linguist“, which is conceptualized as a non-discrete category on a continuum and as an activity rather than as a permanent status, and (b) it discusses the general value of folk linguistic theories, which should not, despite their potential imperfections, be a priori excluded from but rather integrated into the scientific data of linguistics. The article will also present a provisional typology of folk linguistic positions based on recent empirical research on folk linguistics conducted by the author. Finally, a plea is made for a new description of the object of linguistics, incorporating the different varieties and degrees of linguistic knowledge ranging from scientific to folk conceptions.

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Kemp, Charles, Yang Xu, and Terry Regier. "Semantic Typology and Efficient Communication." Annual Review of Linguistics 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2018): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011817-045406.

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Vorkachev, Sergey G., and Elena A. Vorkacheva. "Discourse and its typology in Russian linguistics." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics 35, no. 3 (2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2019-3-14-21.

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Toktosunova, Bubusara. "TYPOLOGY OF LINGUISTICS IN NON-RELATED LANGUAGES." Вестник Международного Университета Кыргызстана, no. 3 (2021): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53473/16946324_2021_3_141.

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Schnell, Stefan, and Nils Norman Schiborr. "Crosslinguistic Corpus Studies in Linguistic Typology." Annual Review of Linguistics 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-031120-104629.

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Corpus-based studies have become increasingly common in linguistic typology over recent years, amounting to the emergence of a new field that we call corpus-based typology. The core idea of corpus-based typology is to take languages as populations of utterances and to systematically investigate text production across languages in this sense. From a usage-based perspective, investigations of variation and preferences of use are at the core of understanding the distribution of conventionalized structures and their diachronic development across languages. Specific findings of corpus-based typological studies pertain to universals of text production, for example, in prosodic partitioning; to cognitive biases constraining diverse patterns of use, for example, in constituent order; and to correlations of diverse patterns of use with language-specific structures and conventions. We also consider remaining challenges for corpus-based typology, in particular the development of crosslinguistically more representative corpora that include spoken (or signed) texts, and its vast potential in the future.

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Shparberg, Anna L. "Enhanced Electronic Grammars Online." Charleston Advisor 24, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.24.1.15.

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Enhanced Electronic Grammars Online (EEG) is a full-text linguistics database available on the De Gruyter platform. EEG offers the ability to conduct searches across dozens of comprehensive grammars describing rare and endangered world languages. Intended for use by researchers into general linguistics and linguistic typology, EEG would also be a good resource for undergraduate teaching. The review notes some issues with the search interface and metadata.

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Smolensky, Paul, and Emmanuel Dupoux. "Universals in cognitive theories of language." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 5 (October 2009): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990586.

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AbstractGenerative linguistics' search for linguistic universals (1) is not comparable to the vague explanatory suggestions of the article; (2) clearly merits a more central place than linguistic typology in cognitive science; (3) is fundamentally untouched by the article's empirical arguments; (4) best explains the important facts of linguistic diversity; and (5) illuminates the dominant component of language's “biocultural” nature: biology.

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Rice, Curt. "Word: A Cross-Linguistic Typology (review)." Language 82, no. 4 (2006): 941–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0220.

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Zulvany, Valentine. "Macrolinguistics: texts and discourses, conversation interactions and conversation components." Macrolinguistics and Microlinguistics 1, no. 2 (August 12, 2020): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/mami.v1n2.10.

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This study aims to explore macrolinguistics based on the realm of text with lexical and grammatical means. Also to analyze contrastive texts with textual characteristics, text typology, and translated texts. Some of the other things discussed are ways to analyze discourse, interactions in conversations, and know the components of conversation. Language studies continue to develop from time to time. One of the studies that cannot be separated from language is linguistic studies. The study of linguistics in a language not only covers linguistics from an internal point of view but can also be related to linguistics in general. Macro linguistics in this case is not associated with other disciplines outside of linguistics, but a linguistic study that examines speech based on situations.

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Bossuyt, Tom. "Song, Jae Jung. 2018. Linguistic typology." Studies in Language 44, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.20014.bos.

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Reindl, Donald F. "HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS: AN INTRODUCTION.Lyle Campbell. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998. Pp. xx + 396. $30.00 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 2 (June 2000): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100292061.

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In his introduction, Campbell makes a case for the broader relevance of historical linguistics by noting that observing what does and does not change in language contributes to “the understanding of universal grammar, language typology, and human cognition in general” (p. 2). The generativist perspective that phonological and syntactic changes are linked to language acquisition, cited on page 236, illustrates one interface between historical linguistics and general linguistic theory.

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Meyer, Julien. "Environmental and Linguistic Typology of Whistled Languages." Annual Review of Linguistics 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030444.

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Whistled forms of languages are distributed worldwide and survive only in some of the most remote villages on the planet. They are not limited to a given continent, language family, or language structure, but they have been detected only sporadically by researchers and travelers, partly because they can be taken for nonlinguistic phenomena, such as simple signaling. Whistled speech consists of speaking while whistling to communicate at a long distance. The result is a melody that imitates modal speech and that remains intelligible for the interlocutors. This review proposes a typology of this special, little-known, natural speech type and takes socio-environmental and linguistic aspects into consideration. The amazing potential of this phenomenon to provide an alternative point of view into language diversity and speech offers a unique occasion to revisit human language with original insights embracing the adaptive flexibility that characterizes speech production and perception.

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Aygun, Magami. "Concepts of Borrowings in Modern Science of Linguistics, Reasons of Borrowed Words and Some of Their Theoretical Problems in General Linguistics." International Journal of English Linguistics 5, no. 6 (November 30, 2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v5n6p157.

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<p>In this article we study the problem of language contacts, the current state of some theories concerning the linguistic loans. For this purpose, the works of many scholars have been our basis for analysis; among them there are French and other European scientists, scholars of the post-Soviet period. We found that the contacts cause the mixture of languages despite the language borders. The various social events, nomadic life, campaigns and the military services, trade, cultural exchange and other factors favor linguistic loans.</p><p>In this article we considered and studied different conceptions of matter “language contact”. We also approached, studying the opinions of scientists on the matter of linguistic borrowing of the structurally related and remote languages. The issue of bilingualism has been studied and studies allowed us to conclude about the different possibilities of the typology of bilingualism:</p><p>a) the linguistic typology of bilingualism;</p><p>b) the sociolinguistic typology of bilingualism;</p><p>c) the typology psychological bilingualism.</p><p>This article does not pretend to fully reflect all theories that exist on linguistic borrowing.</p>

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37

Park, Jin-Ho. "How semantic typology can contribute to Korean linguistics." Journal of Korean Linguistics 101 (March 31, 2022): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15811/jkl.2022..101.011.

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Seržant, Ilja A. "Typology of partitives." Linguistics 59, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 881–947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0251.

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Abstract This paper explores the coding patterns of partitives and their functional extensions, based on a convenience sample of 138 languages from 46 families from all macroareas. Partitives are defined as constructions that may express the proportional relation of a subset to a superset (the true-partitive relation). First, it is demonstrated that, crosslinguistically, partitive constructions vary as to their syntactic properties and morphological marking. Syntactically, there is a cline from loose – possibly less grammaticalized – structures to partitives with rigid head-dependent relations and, finally, to morphologically integrated one-word partitives. Furthermore, partitives may be encoded NP-internally (mostly via an adposition) or pronominally. Morphologically, partitives primarily involve markers syncretic with separative, locative or possessive meanings. Finally, a number of languages employ no partitive marker at all. Secondly, these different strategies are not evenly distributed in the globe, with, for example, Eurasia being biased for the separative strategy. Thirdly, on the functional side, partitives may have functions in the following domains in addition to the true-partitive relation: plain quantification (pseudo-partitives), hypothetical events, predicate negation and aspectuality. I claim that the ability to encode plain quantification is the prerequisite for the other domains. Finally, it is argued that there is a universal preference towards syncretism of two semantically distinct concepts: the proportional, true-partitive relation (some of the books) and plain quantification (some books).

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Aristar, Anthony, and William Croft. "Typology and Universals." Language 70, no. 1 (March 1994): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416749.

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Bender, M. Lionel, and Winfred P. Lehmann. "Language Typology 1985." Language 64, no. 1 (March 1988): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414812.

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41

Genetti, Carol. "Typology and Universals." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 2, no. 2 (December 1992): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1992.2.2.249.

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42

Bakker, Peter. "Creoles and typology." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 29, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.29.2.09bak.

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43

Patel-Grosz, Pritty, and Patrick G. Grosz. "Revisiting Pronominal Typology." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 2 (April 2017): 259–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00243.

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The overarching goal of this article is to shed new light on the debate over whether pronouns ( she/ he/ it) generally have the syntax and semantics of definite descriptions ( the woman/ the man/ the thing) or that of individual variables. As a case study, we investigate the differences between personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns in German. We argue that the two types of pronouns have the same core makeup (both contain a null NP and a definite determiner), but demonstrative pronouns have additional functional structure that personal pronouns lack. This analysis is shown to derive both their commonalities and their differences, and it derives the distribution of demonstrative vs. personal pronouns by means of structural economy constraints.

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Pavlovic, Slobodan. "Serbian historical linguistics at the beginning of the 21st century." Juznoslovenski filolog 73, no. 3-4 (2017): 163–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1704163p.

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The article provides an overview of the key theoretical, methodological and thematic approaches applied in Serbian historical language studies at the beginning of the 21st century. This is a time in which alongside the philological and (or) structural linguistic research orientation, there are also explanatory studies conducted within the framework of cognitive linguistics and linguistic typology. While philological and structural linguistic descriptions may ask what happened in a language, explanatory (cognitive and typological) studies seek to ask why and how something happened. Explanatory historical linguistic studies, therefore, set out to explain the causes and mechanisms of language changes.

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Mok, Jung-Soo. "Linguistic Typology and Korean Linguistics -some caution on the Typological Studies of Korean Constructions-." Journal of Korean Linguistics 101 (March 31, 2022): 383–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.15811/jkl.2022..101.010.

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46

Kreyling, Michael, and Lee Clark Mitchell. "Wister's Typology." PMLA 102, no. 5 (October 1987): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/462317.

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Soares, Antonio. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC: A STUDY OF LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY." Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) 3, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/lire.v3i2.49.

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This research entitled “The Relationship between Syntactic and Semantic : A Study of Linguistic Typology.” is intended to give a clear descriptions related to the relationship between syntactic and semantic on some languages. This research was focused on some clause structures typologycally either syntactically or semantically. The scope of this research was more focused on the transitive verbs to have more descriptions related to the relationship between syntactic and semantic to find out whether a clause structure on syntactic can be accepted or cannot be accepted semantically. The theory of linguistics typology was applied in this research because the principle of linguistics typpology is to find out the similarities and the differences among all the type of languages universally. The introspective reflexive and the descriptive method were applied to gain the data in this research and the qualitative descriptive method was applied to analyse the data.

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Shields, Jr., Kenneth. "Linguistic typology and the reconstruction of the Indo-European accusative plural." Emerita 78, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/emerita.2010.v78.i1.323.

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Shuneyko, Alexander, and Olga Chibisova. "On the Question of the Semiotic Typology of Signs." Journal of Language and Education 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2016-2-2-43-51.

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he article is in the context of linguistic and semiotic studies related to theoretical issues of base units’ typology, in particular, theoretical linguistics and “pure” semiotics. Sign is one of the basic units of linguistics and semiotics. The way of understanding the nature and structure of the sign essentially influences the nature of almost all studies. The depth, consistency and completeness of perception of signs are reflected in the currently existing classifications of signs. The article fills in a gap in the perception of the sign variety nature in the semiotic and linguistic understanding. It provides a tool for the correct interpretation of a large body of facts related to the secondary use of proper names in the specific function and precedential units in a broad context. The analysis of the actual texts indicates that the current classifications of signs do not reflect in their entirety all the signs which actually exist and function in the space of language and culture. Beyond the limits proposed by these classification schemes are left the phenomena of sufficient frequency. The article based on the appositive and distribution methods describes and analyzes the type of signs that has not been previously perceived by researchers as an independent one and has not been studied at all. This sign is called a bifocal sign and it is consistently described in terms of its specific features which do not allow mixing it with other types of signs. The results show that an adequate interpretation of any text which includes a bifocal sign is impossible without taking into account the specificity of this sign.

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Kouwenberg, Silvia. "Creole studies and linguistic typology: Part"2." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 25, no. 2 (August 13, 2010): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.25.2.06kou.

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