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1
Omkar, Manohar Ghag. "Comparative Analysis of u-blox and Quectel LTE Modem Chipsets: Technical Specifications, Performance, and Application Suitability." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 8, no. 8 (2021): 56–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13235643.
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This study compares LTE modem chipset leaders u-blox and Quectel. Developers, manufacturers, and academics are advised on technology features, benchmarks, and applicability in the article. Modern communication systems use LTE technology for fast data transmission, low latency, and reliable device and application connectivity. Companies creating connectivity solutions and expecting high performance in varied environments need a super-fit LTE modem chipset. A detailed comparison of u-blox and Quectel LTE modem chipset hardware begins the study. Powerful chipsets with several cores and RAM are famous. This collaboration speeds up data processing and resource management. UART, SPI, and USB interfaces let modules connect to external devices and sensors, making them adaptable. Chipset stability and adaptability in industrial automation and client electronics are ensured by complementary hardware characteristics. This explanation also covers each chipset's LTE categories and how data rates and connections affect them. Category 4 and 6 LTE have greater data rates, spectral efficiency, network capacity, and coverage. Benefits include faster download/upload. The U-blox and Quectel chipsets support LTE categories 1-20, making them appropriate for most networks and scenarios. Flexible chipsets enable great performance and connection in many applications and deployment circumstances. The examination also considers signal reception quality and stability in poor signal conditions, emphasizing the need for stable connections during hard times. U-blox and Quectel chips boost signal strength and stability with adaptive antenna tuning and MIMO. Such methods effectively resolve signal interference and multipath fading, which can interrupt communication in remote areas with low signal strength. U-blox and Quectel chipset designers smartly deploy and configure several antenna arrays to improve reception and communication. This means communication systems work better overall. In addition, the chipsets' latency features will be evaluated, notably in real-time operations. Low-latency communication is essential for voice calls, video conferencing, online games, and other applications where response time and interactivity impact user experience. Low-latency communication characteristics of u-blox and Quectel card-sets ensure continual data flow in systems that need rapid data exchange.
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Firdaus, Firdaus, and Ismail Ismail. "Komparasi Akurasi Global Posistion System (GPS) Receiver U-blox Neo-6M dan U-blox Neo-M8N pada Navigasi Quadcopter." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 12, no. 1 (2020): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.12.1.137.
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Quadcopter UAV development is happening very rapidly. One of the most important in the navigation system is the hardware and software or the used algorithm. Improving the accuracy of Quadcopter positioning is one of the most popular topics in the UAV field. This position parameter is determined by the GPS module. GPS modules produce position and speed information with a high degree of precision, but these modules are vulnerable to interference. Thus, GPS signals are often lost. Moreover, GPS measurements also cannot meet the real-time requirements. Both GPS U-Blox variants, Neo-6M, and M8N become the main problem by testing which are more precise and consistent with the actual geographical position indicated by Google map. Data obtained from GPS receivers are parsed and converted to longitude and latitude coordinates by the ATmega328 IC microcontroller then combine with real-time data from RTC DS1370 and stored continuously in a 2 GB SD card. The transferred geographic coordinate data would be retrieved and converted to CSV format so that it can be plotted into a map. The test was conducted where the Neo-6M GPS receiver was carried out
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Permana, Amadea, Aad Hariyadi, and Nanak Zakaria. "Implementasi Teknologi Geofencing Untuk Pengawasan terhadap Lansia Menggunakan Sarung Lengan Berbasis Mikrokontroler dan Android." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 10, no. 4 (2020): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v10i4.26.
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Menurut World Health Organisation (WHO), lansia adalah seseorang yang telah memasuki usia 60 tahun keatas. Berdasarkan data tercatat dari Radio Suara Surabaya mulai Januari 2017 sampai dengan Juli 2019, Radio Suara Surabaya telah menerima 618 laporan pendengar tentang orang hilang karena demensia atau pikun. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif agar tetap dapat mengawasi keberadaan lansia dengan memanfaatkan modul GPS U-Blox Neo 6m dan mikrokontroler NodeMCU ESP8266. Selain itu pengawas dapat menggunakan aplikasi android untuk mengimplementasikan teknologi geofence. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan memberikan hasil dengan pengujian modul GPS U-Blox Neo 6m diletakkan pada lokasi dan kondisi yang berbeda menghasilkan penerimaan sinyal informasi didapat dari 3-9 satelit informasi yang mengirimkan sinyal. Pengujian selisih jarak dilakukan pada 10 titik lokasi yang berbeda menghasilkan selisih jarak dari 1 m hingga 8 m. selain itu, terdapat pengujian delay pengiriman data yang dilakukan pada waktu yang berbeda dari pagi, siang, dan malam hari yang menghasilkan delay mulai dari 0.2 detik hingga 1 detik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa implementasi geofence menghasilkan aplikasi geofence dapat menerapkan geofence bagi lansia dengan penggambaran radius lingkaran sebesar 100 m berdasarkan titik pusat dari sebuah lokasi yang ditentukan. Penggunaan GPS U-Blox Neo 6m memberikan hasil dengan perhitungan rata-rata selisih jarak sebesar 3.7m
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Robustelli, Umberto, Matteo Cutugno, and Giovanni Pugliano. "Low-Cost GNSS and PPP-RTK: Investigating the Capabilities of the u-blox ZED-F9P Module." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 6074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136074.
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GNSS has become ubiquitous in high-precision applications, although the cost of high-end GNSS receivers remains a major obstacle for many applications. Recent advances in GNSS receiver technology have led to the development of low-cost GNSS receivers, making high-precision positioning available to a wider range of users. One such technique for achieving high-precision positioning is Precise Point Positioning-Real Time Kinematic (PPP-RTK). It is a GNSS processing technique that combines the PPP and RTK approaches to provide high-precision positioning in real time without the need for a base station. In this work, we aim to assess the performance of the low-cost u-blox ZED-F9P GNSS module in PPP-RTK mode using the low-cost u-blox ANN-MB antenna. The experiment was designed to investigate both the time it takes the receiver to resolve the phase ambiguity and to determine the positioning accuracies achievable. Results showed that the u-blox ZED-F9P GNSS module could achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy in about 60 s in PPP-RTK mode. These results make the PPP-RTK technique a good candidate to fulfill the demand for mass-market accurate and robust navigation since uses satellite-based corrections to provide accurate positioning information without the need for a local base station or network. Furthermore, due to its rapid acquisition capabilities and accurate data georeferencing, the technique has the potential to serve as a valuable method to improve the accuracy of the three-S techniques (GIS, remote sensing, and GPS/GNSS).
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Birinci, Sinan, Furkan Soğukkuyu, Nezir Sözen, Mustafa İkiz, Miray Ezgi Kerimoğlu, and Halis Saka. "Düşük Maliyetli GNSS Alıcılarının Çoklu-GNSS PPP Performanslarının Farklı Anten Tipleri ve Ağırlık Modellerine Göre Araştırılması." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 24, no. 2 (2024): 360–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1380478.
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Düşük maliyetli GNSS donanımlarındaki güncel gelişmeler hassas konum belirleme uygulamalarında jeodezik donanımlara güçlü bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Bu donanımlar hem ekonomik hem de boyut olarak kullanıcılara birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Ancak tasarım yapısı itibariyle ve çok yolluluk etkisine daha fazla duyarlı olmalarından dolayı gözlemlerdeki gürültü seviyesi artmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Hassas Nokta Konumlama (PPP) çözümlerinde güvenilir bir kestirim sonucu için gözlemlerin uygun ağırlıklandırılması kritik önem teşkil eder. Bu çalışmada ana hedef olarak düşük maliyetli alıcı ve antenler için uygun ağırlıklandırma modeli araştırılmıştır. Deneysel bir düzenekle, çift frekanslı çoklu-GNSS gözlemleri toplayabilen düşük maliyetli u-blox ZED-F9P GNSS alıcısının PPP performansı farklı anten tiplerinin etkileri incelenecek şekilde ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla, birbirine yakın iki sabit noktada, bu alıcılardan birine jeodezik NovAtel 702 anteni, diğerine ise düşük maliyetli u-blox ANN-MB-00-00 anteni bağlanarak eş zamanlı olarak GNSS verileri toplanmıştır. PPP çözümleri, uydu yükseklik açısına ve taşıyıcı-gürültü yoğunluk oranı (carrier-to-noise density ratio-C/N0)’a bağlı ağırlıklandırma modelleri kullanılarak; dört farklı GNSS kombinasyonuyla (GPS (G), GPS+GLONASS (GR), GPS+GLONASS+Galileo (GRE) ve GPS+GLONASS+Galileo+BDS-2 (GREC)) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; NovAtel 702 anteni çözümlerinde ağırlıklandırma modelleri arasında anlamlı farklar not edilmezken; GRE ve GREC kombinasyonlarında yaklaşık olarak 20 dk yakınsama süresinden sonra 3 boyutta 7 cm konumlama doğruluğu üretilmiştir. U-blox ANN-MB-00-00 anteni sonuçlarında ise C/N0 tabanlı ağırlıklandırma modeli yükseklik açısına bağlı ağırlıklandırma modelinden daha iyi sonuçlar vermiştir. Bu antende en iyi sonuç, 66,36 dk yakınsama süresi ve 3 boyutta 8,42 cm doğruluk ile GREC kombinasyonu ve C/N0 ağırlık modeli kullanılarak elde edilmiştir.
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Li, Xue Fen. "The Research Based on u-Blox GPS for Material Yard Vehicle Monitor." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.536.
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For the vehicle management require of the large materials yard, this paper researched the monitor problem based on u- Blox GPS. Designed the GPS applicable unit, researched the Setting Method of LEA-4H and the extract skill of GPS Protocol data. Researched the Grid-based map technology to mark, zoom, translate the map and match the vehicle track. Propose the “same side judgment” to check the vehicle whether in the yard only by GPS location. Fig.4 shows how to judge the non-convex polygon yard by divide it into convex. The correctness and stability of the research result are proved by the reliable operation of an unmanned iron ore yard vehicle system for years. The researches provide good reference for the design of the monitor and manage system in other material yard and fleet.
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Lyu, Zhitao, and Yang Gao. "An SVM Based Weight Scheme for Improving Kinematic GNSS Positioning Accuracy with Low-Cost GNSS Receiver in Urban Environments." Sensors 20, no. 24 (2020): 7265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247265.
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High-precision positioning with low-cost global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in urban environments remains a significant challenge due to the significant multipath effects, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors, as well as poor satellite visibility and geometry. A GNSS system is typically implemented with a least-square (LS) or a Kalman-filter (KF) estimator, and a proper weight scheme is vital for achieving reliable navigation solutions. The traditional weight schemes are based on the signal-in-space ranging errors (SISRE), elevation and C/N0 values, which would be less effective in urban environments since the observation quality cannot be fully manifested by those values. In this paper, we propose a new multi-feature support vector machine (SVM) signal classifier-based weight scheme for GNSS measurements to improve the kinematic GNSS positioning accuracy in urban environments. The proposed new weight scheme is based on the identification of important features in GNSS data in urban environments and intelligent classification of line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS signals. To validate the performance of the newly proposed weight scheme, we have implemented it into a real-time single-frequency precise point positioning (SFPPP) system. The dynamic vehicle-based tests with a low-cost single-frequency u-blox M8T GNSS receiver demonstrate that the positioning accuracy using the new weight scheme outperforms the traditional C/N0 based weight model by 65.4% and 85.0% in the horizontal and up direction, and most position error spikes at overcrossing and short tunnels can be eliminated by the new weight scheme compared to the traditional method. It also surpasses the built-in satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) solutions of the u-blox M8T and is even better than the built-in real-time-kinematic (RTK) solutions of multi-frequency receivers like the u-blox F9P and Trimble BD982.
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Anh, The Anh, Luu Trong Hieu, and Chi Ngon Nguyen. "Digital mapping of soil electrical conductivity for paddy field." CTU Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development 17, Special issue: ETMD (2025): 32–43. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctujoisd.2025.005.
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The digital soil electrical conductivity (EC) map has been widely applied in agriculture globally due to its ability to explain various soil characteristics. However, the Mekong Delta lacks comprehensive data on soil EC. This study aims to address this gap by using the common interpolation method —K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Kriging interpolation, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)—to map soil EC over an area of approximately 1.4 hectares. Using 228 data samples, the study found that the Gaussian model within Kriging was the most effective for interpolating soil EC, achieving the highest R-squared values (0.79 with test data and 0.96 with full data) and the lowest RMSE values (0.049 with test data and 0.022 with full data). Additionally, GPS data collection using the U-blox ZED-F9P-01B GPS module, paired with the U-blox ANN-MB-00 antenna, yielded better accuracy and reliability under rice field conditions (Q=1) compared to the performance in orchard settings. This research provides valuable insights into soil management and agricultural practices in the Mekong Delta.
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Rover, Simone, and Alfonso Vitti. "GNSS-R with Low-Cost Receivers for Retrieval of Antenna Height from Snow Surfaces Using Single-Frequency Observations." Sensors 19, no. 24 (2019): 5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245536.
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Snowpack is an important fresh water storage; the retrieval of snow water equivalents from satellite data permits to estimate potentially available water amounts which is an essential parameter in water management plans running in several application fields (e.g., basic needs, hydroelectric, agriculture, hazard and risk monitoring, climate change studies). The possibility to assess snowpack height from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) observations by means of the GNSS reflectometry technique (GNSS-R) has been shown by several studies. However, in general, studies are being conducted using observations collected by continuously operating reference stations (CORS) built for geodetic purposes and equipped with geodetic-grade instruments. Moreover, CORS are located on sites selected according to criteria different from those more suitable for snowpack studies. In this work, beside an overview of key elements of GNSS reflectometry, single-frequency GNSS observations collected by u-blox M8T GNSS receivers and patch antennas from u-blox and Tallysman have been considered for the determination of antenna height from the snowpack surface on a selected test site. Results demonstrate the feasibility of GNSS-R even with non-geodetic-grade instruments, opening the way towards diffuse GNSS-R targeted applications.
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Hohensinn, Roland, Raphael Stauffer, Marcus Franz Glaner, et al. "Low-Cost GNSS and Real-Time PPP: Assessing the Precision of the u-blox ZED-F9P for Kinematic Monitoring Applications." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (2022): 5100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205100.
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With the availability of low-cost, mass-market dual-frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers, standalone processing methods such as Precise Point Positioning (PPP) are no longer restricted to geodetic-grade GNSS equipment only. However, with cheaper equipment, data quality is expected to degrade. This same principle also affects low-cost GNSS antennas, which usually suffer from poorer multipath mitigation and higher antenna noise compared to their geodetic-grade counterparts. This work assesses the quality of a particular piece of low-cost GNSS equipment for real-time PPP and high-rate dynamic monitoring applications, such as strong-motion seismology. We assembled the u-blox ZED-F9P chip in a small and light-weight data logger. With observational data from static experiments—which are processed under kinematic conditions—we assess the precision and stability of the displacement estimates. We tested the impact of different multi-band antenna types, including geodetic medium-grade helical-type (JAVAD GrAnt-G3T), as well as a low-cost helical (Ardusimple AS-ANT2B-CAL) and a patch-type (u-blox ANN-MB) antenna. Besides static tests for the assessment of displacement precision, strong-motion dynamic ground movements are simulated with a robot arm. For cross-validation, we collected measurements with a JAVAD SIGMA G3T geodetic-grade receiver. In terms of precision, we cross-compare the results of three different dual-frequency, real-time PPP solutions: (1) an ambiguity-float solution using the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES) open-source software, (2) an ambiguity-float and an AR (ambiguity-resolved) solution using the raPPPid software from TU Vienna, and (3) and a PPP-RTK solution using the u-blox PointPerfect positioning service. We show that, even with low-cost GNSS equipment, it is possible to obtain a precision of one centimeter. We conclude that these devices provide an excellent basis for the densification of existing GNSS monitoring networks, as needed for strong-motion seismology and earthquake-early-warning.
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Kogogin, D. A., A. V. Sokolov, I. A. Nasyrov, V. O. Dementiev, and R. V. Zagretdinov. "Signal Receiver for Global Navigation Satellite Systems Based on a U-Blox ZED-F9P Module for Ionospheric Research." Радиотехника и электроника 68, no. 6 (2023): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0033849423060074.
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The results of the development of a prototype of the receiver of signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) based on the U-blox ZED-F9P module are presented and a comparative analysis of its characteristics with professional GNSS receivers Trimble Alloy (KZN2 station of the IGS network) and JAVAD TRE-3L in the registration problem is performed. A qualitatively and quantitatively comparable behavior of the studied parameters for all types of GNSS receivers is noted.
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Ubaidillah, M. R., and M. N. Cahyadi. "Low Cost GNSS Trimble BD982 and U-blox Performance Test Analysis F9 Series for Several Measurement Methods (Case Study: Sidoarjo Regency)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1095, no. 1 (2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1095/1/012028.
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Abstract Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a tool that can assist community activities, especially in navigation and positioning for mapping surveys. This tool has an accuracy of up to millimeters for determining the position of latitude and longitude, but to get this accuracy requires an expensive cost, which is more than 200 million rupiah. Currently the development of GNSS receivers is very rapid, one of which is a low-cost GNSS product. The advantages of this receiver are that it has a low cost, light weight and an accuracy of up to centimeters for determining latitude and longitude positions. In this study, we have conducted trials using a low-cost GNSS receiver from several products such as U-blox, Trimble, and Comnav. For products from U-blox in this study, the F9P and F9R series were used. The F9R series is one of the receivers that has been integrated with the inertial measurement unit (IMU)/inertial navigation system (INS), the benefit of this integration is to improve position accuracy when data collection using the kinematic method. Products from U-blox have position accuracy below 1 meter. Meanwhile, the series used in Trimble and Comnav products are Trimble BD982 and Comnav Oem Board K708 which have accuracy below 1 centimeter. The purpose of this activity is to compare all these receivers by using Comnav OEM Board K708 data as validation data. Several parameters in this study will be analyzed such as the number of satellites obtained by the receiver, position accuracy and various other analyzes. The measurement methods that will be carried out in this study are static differential and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) measurements that utilize direct corrections from Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) and deformation observations. The results of the first analysis obtained in this activity are the number of satellites obtained by the U-blox F9 series receiver which is more stable to receive satellites, namely as many as 24-29 satellites, then Trimble BD982 as many as 2-32 satellites, and Comnav K708 receivers as many as 3-28 satellites. Meanwhile, the Dilution Of Precision (DOP) values for 4 receivers, namely K708, F9P, and F9R, have stable values ranging from 0.5-1 compared to the BD982 receiver which fluctuated in several observation epochs, especially in the last observation epoch. In observations using the static differential method, using corrections from CORS for positioning this receiver can be used because the difference in position data is in the range of 0.009 m - 0.040 m from reference data (receiver K708). Meanwhile, the data receiver that has been integrated with IMU/INS (F9R) kinematic method has the smallest position difference value (K708) compared to other receivers, which is from 0.001 m - 8.091 m. In testing for deformation measurements, further research needs to be done because the data obtained is still in the form of a simulation.
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Wielgocka, Natalia, Tomasz Hadas, Adrian Kaczmarek, and Grzegorz Marut. "Feasibility of Using Low-Cost Dual-Frequency GNSS Receivers for Land Surveying." Sensors 21, no. 6 (2021): 1956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21061956.
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized land surveying, by determining position coordinates with centimeter-level accuracy in real-time or up to sub-millimeter accuracy in post-processing solutions. Although low-cost single-frequency receivers do not meet the accuracy requirements of many surveying applications, multi-frequency hardware is expected to overcome the major issues. Therefore, this paper is aimed at investigating the performance of a u-blox ZED-F9P receiver, connected to a u-blox ANN-MB-00-00 antenna, during multiple field experiments. Satisfactory signal acquisition was noticed but it resulted as >7 dB Hz weaker than with a geodetic-grade receiver, especially for low-elevation mask signals. In the static mode, the ambiguity fixing rate reaches 80%, and a horizontal accuracy of few centimeters was achieved during an hour-long session. Similar accuracy was achieved with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) if a session is extended to at least 2.5 h. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Network RTK measurements achieved a horizontal accuracy better than 5 cm and a sub-decimeter vertical accuracy. If a base station constituted by a low-cost receiver is used, the horizontal accuracy degrades by a factor of two and such a setup may lead to an inaccurate height determination under dynamic surveying conditions, e.g., rotating antenna of the mobile receiver.
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Janos, Daniel, and Przemysław Kuras. "Evaluation of Low-Cost GNSS Receiver under Demanding Conditions in RTK Network Mode." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165552.
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Positioning with low-cost GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers is becoming increasingly popular in many engineering applications. In particular, dual-frequency receivers, which receive signals of all available satellite systems, offer great possibilities. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of a position determination using low-cost receivers in different terrain conditions. The u-blox ZED-F9P receiver was used for testing, with the satellite signal supplied by both a dedicated u-blox ANN-MB-00 low-cost patch antenna and the Leica AS10 high-precision geodetic one. A professional Leica GS18T geodetic receiver was used to acquire reference satellite data. In addition, on the prepared test base, observations were made using the Leica MS50 precise total station, which provided higher accuracy and stability of measurement than satellite positioning. As a result, it was concluded that the ZED-F9P receiver equipped with a patch antenna is only suitable for precision measurements in conditions with high availability of open sky. However, the configuration of this receiver with a geodetic-grade antenna significantly improves the quality of results, beating even professional geodetic equipment. In most cases of the partially obscured horizon, a high precision positioning was obtained, making the ZED-F9P a valuable alternative to the high-end geodetic receivers in many applications.
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Wielgocka, Natalia, Tomasz Hadas, Adrian Kaczmarek, and Grzegorz Marut. "Feasibility of Using Low-Cost Dual-Frequency GNSS Receivers for Land Surveying." Sensors 21 (March 11, 2021): 1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21061956.
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized land surveying, by determining position coordinates with centimeter-level accuracy in real-time or up to sub-millimeter accuracy in post-processing solutions. Although low-cost single-frequency receivers do not meet the accuracy requirements of many surveying applications, multi-frequency hardware is expected to overcome the major issues. Therefore, this paper is aimed at investigating the performance of a u-blox ZED-F9P receiver, connected to a u-blox ANN-MB-00-00 antenna, during multiple field experiments. Satisfactory signal acquisition was noticed but it resulted as >7 dB Hz weaker than with a geodetic-grade receiver, especially for low-elevation mask signals. In the static mode, the ambiguity fixing rate reaches 80%, and a horizontal accuracy of few centimeters was achieved during an hour- long session. Similar accuracy was achieved with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) if a session is extended to at least 2.5 h. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Network RTK measurements achieved a horizontal accuracy better than 5 cm and a sub-decimeter vertical accuracy. If a base station constituted by a low-cost receiver is used, the horizontal accuracy degrades by a factor of two and such a setup may lead to an inaccurate height determination under dynamic surveying conditions, e.g., rotating antenna of the mobile receiver.
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Xu, Jun Wen, and Guo Wen He. "Research on a Positioning Application by RTK Technique and with goGPS." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.549.
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This paper describes research in the use of goGPS to develop positioning applications.. This paper introduces the structure of goGPS library and describes the implementation of algorithms in our library. goGPS is an open source software that can achieve accuracies of less than 1 m, depending on sky visibility conditions, using low-cost GPS instrumentation (specifically, u-blox Evaluation Kits AEK-4T and EVK-5T are usually employed for tests). goGPS has the potential to reduce costs greatly since there are no limitation in development and distribution.
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Satria, Dedi, Syaifuddin Yana, Rizal Munadi, and Saumi Syahreza. "Sistem Peringatan Dini Banjir Secara Real-Time Berbasis Web Menggunakan Arduino dan Ethernet." Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) 1, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jtik.v1i1.27.
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a b s t r a c tThe development of flood early warning technology has grown rapidly. The technology has led to an increase in technology in terms of communication and information. Internet of Things technology (IoTs) has provided a major influence on the development of early warning information system. In this article a protipe-based flood monitoring information system of Google Maps have been designed by integrating Ultrasonic sensors as the height of the detector, the Arduino Uno as a processor, U-Blox GPS modules Neo 6 m GSM module and as the sender of data is the height of the water and the coordinates to the station of the system informais flood. The design of the prototype produces information flood elevations along with location based Google Maps interface.Keywords:Flood, Arduino, Internet of Things Technology (IoTs), Ethernet a b s t r a kPengembangan teknologi peringatan dini banjir telah tumbuh dengan cepat. Teknologi tersebut telah mengarah kepada peningkatan di segi teknologi komunikasi dan informasi. Teknologi Internet of Things (IoTs) telah memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap perkembangan sistem informasi peringatan dini. Didalam artikel ini sebuah protipe sistem informasi monitoring banjir berbasis Google Maps telah dirancang dengan mengintegrasikan sensor ultrasonik sebagai pendeteksi ketinggian, Arduino Uno sebagai pemroses, modul GPS U-Blox Neo 6m dan modul GSM sebagai pengirim data ketinggian air dan koordinat ke stasion sistem informais banjir. Perancangan prototipe menghasilkan informasi ketinggian banjir beserta lokasinya berbasis antarmuka Google Maps.Kata Kunci: Banjir, Arduino, Internet of Things Technology (IoTs), Ethernet
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Elmezayen, Abdelsatar, and Ahmed El-Rabbany. "Ultra-Low-Cost Tightly Coupled Triple-Constellation GNSS PPP/MEMS-Based INS Integration for Land Vehicular Applications." Geomatics 1, no. 2 (2021): 258–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geomatics1020015.
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The rapid rise of ultra-low-cost dual-frequency GNSS chipsets and micro-electronic-mechanical-system (MEMS) inertial sensors makes it possible to develop low-cost navigation systems, which meet the requirements for many applications, including self-driving cars. This study proposes the use of a dual-frequency u-blox F9P GNSS receiver with xsens MTi670 industrial-grade MEMS IMU to develop an ultra-low-cost tightly coupled (TC) triple-constellation GNSS PPP/INS integrated system for precise land vehicular applications. The performance of the proposed system is assessed through comparison with three different TC GNSS PPP/INS integrated systems. The first system uses the Trimble R9s geodetic-grade receiver with the tactical-grade Stim300 IMU, the second system uses the u-blox F9P receiver with the Stim300 IMU, while the third system uses the Trimble R9s receiver with the xsens MTi670 IMU. An improved robust adaptive Kalman filter is adopted and used in this study due to its ability to reduce the effect of measurement outliers and dynamic model errors on the obtained positioning and attitude accuracy. Real-time precise ephemeris and clock products from the Centre National d’Etudes Spatials (CNES) are used to mitigate the effects of orbital and satellite clock errors. Three land vehicular field trials were carried out to assess the performance of the proposed system under both open-sky and challenging environments. It is shown that the tracking capability of the GNSS receiver is the dominant factor that limits the positioning accuracy, while the IMU grade represents the dominant factor for the attitude accuracy. The proposed TC triple-constellation GNSS PPP/INS integrated system achieves sub-meter-level positioning accuracy in both of the north and up directions, while it achieves meter-level positioning accuracy in the east direction. Sub-meter-level positioning accuracy is achieved when the Stim300 IMU is used with the u-blox F9P GNSS receiver. In contrast, decimeter-level positioning accuracy is consistently achieved through TC GNSS PPP/INS integration when a geodetic-grade GNSS receiver is used, regardless of whether a tactical- or an industrial-grade IMU is used. The root mean square (RMS) errors of the proposed system’s attitude are about 0.878°, 0.804°, and 2.905° for the pitch, roll, and azimuth angles, respectively. The RMS errors of the attitude are significantly improved to reach about 0.034°, 0.038°, and 0.280° for the pitch, roll, and azimuth angles, respectively, when a tactical-grade IMU is used, regardless of whether a geodetic- or low-cost GNSS receiver is used.
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Krietemeyer, Andreas, Hans van der Marel, Nick van de Giesen, and Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis. "High Quality Zenith Tropospheric Delay Estimation Using a Low-Cost Dual-Frequency Receiver and Relative Antenna Calibration." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (2020): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091393.
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The recent release of consumer-grade dual-frequency receivers sparked scientific interest into use of these cost-efficient devices for high precision positioning and tropospheric delay estimations. Previous analyses with low-cost single-frequency receivers showed promising results for the estimation of Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs). However, their application is limited by the need to account for the ionospheric delay. In this paper we investigate the potential of a low-cost dual-frequency receiver (U-blox ZED-F9P) in combination with a range of different quality antennas. We show that the receiver itself is very well capable of achieving high-quality ZTD estimations. The limiting factor is the quality of the receiving antenna. To improve the applicability of mass-market antennas, a relative antenna calibration is performed, and new absolute Antenna Exchange Format (ANTEX) entries are created using a geodetic antenna as base. The performance of ZTD estimation with the tested antennas is evaluated, with and without antenna Phase Center Variation (PCV) corrections, using Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Without applying PCVs for the low-cost antennas, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of the estimated ZTDs are between 15 mm and 24 mm. Using the newly generated PCVs, the RMSE is reduced significantly to about 4 mm, a level that is excellent for meteorological applications. The standard U-blox ANN-MB-00 patch antenna, with a circular ground plane, after correcting the phase pattern yields comparable results (0.47 mm bias and 4.02 mm RMSE) to those from geodetic quality antennas, providing an all-round low-cost solution. The relative antenna calibration method presented in this paper opens the way for wide-spread application of low-cost receiver and antennas.
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Mercurio, M., and R. Reyes. "THE APPLICABILITY OF LOW-COST MULTI-FREQUENCY MULTI-GNSS RECEIVERS FOR GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEYING." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W8-2023 (April 25, 2024): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w8-2023-371-2024.
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Abstract. In geodetic surveys, survey-grade receivers are conventionally used due to their accuracy. However, expensive survey-grade receivers deter users from performing geodetic surveys utilizing the technology. Considerably, multi-system and multi-frequency low-cost GNSS receivers are available today, which can already provide good positioning accuracy output. This paper evaluates the performance of low-cost GNSS receivers in single-point positioning, relative positioning, and network solutions compared to survey-grade GNSS receivers. The study used a survey-grade antenna to test the u-blox C099-F9P evaluation kit equipped with the ZED-F9P module, a low-cost GNSS receiver. Simultaneously, the survey-grade GNSS receiver utilizes the same antenna using a GPS splitter to ensure simultaneous observation. Based on the results, the low-cost GNSS receiver is comparable to the survey-grade GNSS receiver for single and relative positioning. For single-point positioning, the low-cost GNSS receiver achieved 1- and 1.5-meter accuracy in horizontal and vertical components at a 95% confidence level, respectively. In relative positioning, it achieved an accuracy of 1 millimeter on average at a 95% confidence level. The network solution utilizes four (4) Active Geodetic Stations of the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority within the National Capital Region, used as reference stations. The low-cost GNSS receiver achieved an average accuracy of 8 millimeters. In summary, the ublox C099-F9P low-cost GNSS receiver achieved better than 1:100,000 or first-order survey accuracy stipulated in DAO 2007-29 surveying standards. Results show that the u-blox C099-F9P is possible for geodetic and other land surveying applications, even for high-accuracy requirements surveys.
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Lu, Ma, Wu, and Chen. "Performance Analysis of Positioning Solution Using Low-Cost Single-Frequency U-Blox Receiver Based on Baseline Length Constraint." Sensors 19, no. 19 (2019): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194352.
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With the rapid development of the satellite navigation industry, low-cost and high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning has recently become a research hotspot. The traditional application of GNSS may be further extended thanks to the low cost of measuring instruments, but effective methods are also desperately needed due to the low quality of the data obtained using these instruments. Thus, in this paper, we propose the analysis and evaluation of the ambiguity fixed-rate and positioning accuracy of single-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) data, collected from a low-cost u-blox receiver, based on the Constrained LAMBDA (CLAMBDA) method with a baseline length constraint, instead of the classical LAMBDA method. Three sets of experiments in different observation environments, including two sets of static short-baseline experiments and a set of dynamic vehicle experiments, are adopted in this paper. The experiment results show that, compared to classical LAMBDA method, the CLAMBDA method can significantly improve the success rate of the GNSS ambiguity resolution. When the ambiguity is fixed correctly, the baseline solution accuracy reaches 0.5 and 1 cm in a static scenario, and 1 and 2 cm on a dynamic platform.
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Kogogin, D. A., A. V. Sokolov, I. A. Nasyrov, V. O. Dementiev, and R. V. Zagretdinov. "Signal Receiver for Global Navigation Satellite Systems Based on a U-Blox ZED-F9P Module for Ionospheric Research." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 68, no. 6 (2023): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226923060074.
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Elmezayen, Abdelsatar, and Ahmed El-Rabbany. "Performance Assessment of Real-Time Multiconstellation GNSS PPP Using a Low-Cost Dual-Frequency GNSS Module." Artificial Satellites 56, no. 3 (2021): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2021-0005.
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Abstract The release of low-cost dual-frequency (DF) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modules provides an opportunity for low-cost precise positioning to support autonomous vehicle applications. The new GNSS modules support the US global positioning system (GPS) L1C/L2C or L5 civilian signals, the Russian GNSS Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) L1/L2, Europe’s GNSS Galileo E1/E5b, and Chinese GNSS BeiDou B1/B2 signals. The availability of the DF measurements allows for removal of the ionospheric delay, enhancing the obtained positioning accuracy. Unfortunately, however, the L2C signals are only transmitted by modernized GPS satellites. This means that fewer GPS DF measurements are available. This, in turn, might affect the accuracy and the convergence of the GPS-only precise point positioning (PPP) solution. Multi-constellation GNSS PPP has the potential to improve the positioning accuracy and solution convergence due to the high redundancy of GNSS measurements. This paper aims to assess the performance of real-time quad-constellation GNSS PPP using the low-cost u-blox Z9D-F9P module. The assessment is carried out for both open-sky and challenging environment scenarios. Static, simulated-kinematic, and actual field-kinematic trials have been carried out to evaluate real-time PPP performance. Pre-saved real-time precise orbit and clock products from the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales are used to simulate the real-time scenario. It is shown that the quad-constellation GNSS PPP using the low-cost u-blox Z9D-F9P module achieves decimeter-level positioning accuracy in both the static and simulated-kinematic modes. In addition, the PPP solution convergence is improved compared to the dual- and triple-constellation GNSS PPP counterparts. For the actual kinematic trial, decimeter-level horizontal positioning accuracy is achieved through the GPS + GLONASS + Galileo PPP compared with submeter-level positioning accuracy for the GPS + GLONASS and GPS + Galileo PPP counterparts. Additionally, submeter-level vertical positioning accuracy is achieved through the GPS + GLONASS + Galileo PPP compared with meter-level positioning accuracy for GPS + GLONASS and GPS + Galileo PPP counterparts.
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Aljewari, Younis H. Karim, R. Badlishah Ahmad, and Ali Amer Ahmed. "Most Reliable GPS Tracking Solution for Electric Powered Sustainable Transportation Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.620.
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This template This paper presents a system that provides the most reliable GPS tracking solution for electric powered transportation systems to move people around the sustainable city which can promise of an unmatched quality for giving most accurate location with up-to-date information such as Location, vehicle status, fuel consumption, temperature monitoring, seatbelt status and control to manage your assets. For the system we proposed to use GPS module (u-blox all-in-one GPS receiver for high sensitivity (-162 dBm), fastest connectivity). The hardware shall have a built-in 3-axis accelerometer for motion detection and power saving. Software is modern, sophisticated, full featured, multi-user and error-free software. It is designed for PDAs and smart-phones; hence no downloading of apps or programs is necessary.
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Kogogin, D. A., I. A. Nasyrov, A. V. Sokolov, et al. "Capacities of TEC measurements by the low-cost GNSS receiver based on the u-blox ZED-F9P for ionospheric research." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1991, no. 1 (2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1991/1/012020.
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Taufik, M., Yuwono, M. N. Cahyadi, and J. R. Putra. "Analysis level of accuracy GNSS observation processing using u-blox as low-cost GPS and geodetic GPS (case study: M8T)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 389 (December 13, 2019): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/389/1/012041.
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Satria, Dedi, Syaifuddin Yana, Rizal Munadi, and Saumi Syahreza. "FLOOD EARLY WARNING INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MULTILOCATION BASED ANDROID." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 8 (2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i8.2018.279.
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Development of flood early warning technology has grown rapidly. The technology has led to improvements in terms of communication and information technology. The use of the Internet of Things model (IOTs) has provided significant development to the development of early warning information systems. In this article is the development of a prototype model of flood monitoring information systems using Android has been designed by combining ultrasonic sensors as a water level detector, rain sensor, temperature sensor and moisture sensor. Arduino Uno Microcontroller Module used as sensor data processor, U-Blox Neo 6m GPS module as location detection and Ethernet module as sender of sensor data to station of flood early warning information system. The design of the prototype produces information on flood elevation, rain conditions, ambient temperature and soil moisture along with its location based on Google Maps interface on mobile android.
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Dedi, Satria, Yana Syaifuddin, Munadi Rizal, and Syahreza Saumi. "FLOOD EARLY WARNING INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MULTILOCATION BASED ANDROID." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 8 (2018): 47–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1412222.
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Development of flood early warning technology has grown rapidly. The technology has led to improvements in terms of communication and information technology. The use of the Internet of Things model (IOTs) has provided significant development to the development of early warning information systems. In this article is the development of a prototype model of flood monitoring information systems using Android has been designed by combining ultrasonic sensors as a water level detector, rain sensor, temperature sensor and moisture sensor. Arduino Uno Microcontroller Module used as sensor data processor, U-Blox Neo 6m GPS module as location detection and Ethernet module as sender of sensor data to station of flood early warning information system. The design of the prototype produces information on flood elevation, rain conditions, ambient temperature and soil moisture along with its location based on Google Maps interface on mobile android.
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Yan, Fei, Xueqi Hu, Lidan Xu, and Yongrui Wu. "Construction and Accuracy Analysis of a BDS/GPS-Integrated Positioning Algorithm for Forests." Croatian journal of forest engineering 42, no. 2 (2021): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2021.1105.
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The objective of this study was to construct a BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS)/global positioning system (GPS)-integrated positioning algorithm that meets the accuracy requirement of forest surveys and to analyze its accuracy to provide theoretical and technical support for accurate positioning and navigation in forests. The Quercus variabilis broad-leaved forest in Jiufeng National Forest Park and the Sabina Coniferous forest in Dongsheng Bajia forest farm were selected as the study area. A Sanding T-23 multi-frequency three-constellation receiver and a u-blox NEO-M8T multi-constellation receiving module were used for continuous observation under the forest canopy. Compared with T-23, the u-blox NEO-M8T is much lighter and more flexible in the forest. The BDS/GPS-integrated positioning algorithm for forests was constructed by temporally and spatially unifying the satellite systems and using a reasonable observed value weighting method. Additionally, the algorithm is also written into the RTKLIB software to calculate the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the forest observation point in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) coordinate system. Finally, the results were compared with the positioning results obtained using GPS alone. The experimental results indicated that, compared with GPS positioning, there were 13–27 visible satellites available for the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning algorithm for forests, far more than the satellites available for the GPS positioning algorithm alone. The Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) values for the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning ranged from 0.5 to 1.9, lower than those for GPS positioning. The signal noise ratio (SNR) of the BDS/GPS-integrated satellite signals and GPS satellite signals were both in the range of 10–50 dB-Hz. However, because there were more visible satellites for the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning, the signals from the BDS/GPS-integrated satellites were stronger and had a more stable SNR than those from the GPS satellites alone. The results obtained using the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning algorithm for forests had significantly higher theoretical and actual accuracies in the X, Y and Z directions than those obtained using the GPS positioning algorithm. This suggests that the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning algorithm can obtain more accurate positioning results for complex forest environments.
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Davit Aji Wibowo, Muhammad, Luddy Andreas Delia, Dikdik Satria Mulyadi, Kukuh Suryo, and Endro Sigit Kurniawan. "Pembuatan Purwarupa Motion Refference Unit (Mru) Menggunakan Sensor Gy 801." Jurnal HIDROPILAR 6, no. 2 (2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/hidropilar.v6i2.182.
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Saat melaksanakan survei bathimetri, wahana yang digunakan akan mengalami dua macam gerakan yaitu gerakan yang berasal dari wahana sendiri (manuveribility) dan faktor luar (seakeeping). Motion Refference Unit (MRU) merupakan modul elektronik yang berfungsi untuk mengukur perubahan posisi pada tiga sumbu tiga dimensi. Dalam penelitian ini Penulis bermaksud untuk mengembangkan purwarupa MRU dengan menggunakan sensor GY 801.
 Pembuatan purwarupa MRU meliputi perancangan hardware dan software. Perancangan hardware meliputi proses menghubungkan beberapa komponen elektronik, antara lain sensor GY 801 dan motor servo dengan mikrokontroler. Sedangkan untuk perancangan software kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah instalasi perangkat lunak, pembuatan rangkaian schematic menggunakan Altium Designer Winter 9, deteksi data sensor GY 801 dan pembuatan interface menggunakan Borlandd Delphi 7.0.
 Data yang dihasilkan merupakan hasil deteksi dari sensor GY 801 dan GPS U-Blox Neo 6M yang meliputi pitch, roll, yaw, dan posisi. Data-data tersebut akan ditampilkan menggunakan perangkat lunak Borlandd Delphi 7.0.
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Galati, Rocco, Giacomo Mantriota, and Giulio Reina. "RoboNav: An Affordable Yet Highly Accurate Navigation System for Autonomous Agricultural Robots." Robotics 11, no. 5 (2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11050099.
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The paper presents RoboNav, a cost-effective and accurate decimeter-grade navigation system that can be used for deployment in the field of autonomous agricultural robots. The novelty of the system is the reliance on a dual GPS configuration based on two u-blox modules that work in conjunction with three low-cost inertial sensors within a Gaussian Sum Filter able to combine multiple Extended Kalman filters dealing with IMU bias and GPS signal loss. The system provides estimation of both position and heading with high precision and robustness, at a significantly lower cost than existing equivalent navigation systems. RoboNav is validated in a commercial vineyard by performing experimental tests using an all-terrain tracked robot commanded to follow a series of GPS waypoints, trying to minimize the crosstrack error and showing average errors on the order of 0.2 m and 0.2∘ for the measurement of position and yaw angle, respectively.
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Innac, Anna, Antonio Angrisano, Silvio Del Pizzo, Giovanni Cappello, and Salvatore Gaglione. "The EGNOS Augmentation in Maritime Navigation." Sensors 22, no. 3 (2022): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030775.
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The objective of this work is the evaluation of the performances of EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System) augmentation system in maritime navigation by comparing them with those obtained by other positioning methods as Single Point Positioning (SPP) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Preliminarily, EGNOS performances in an open-sky context were evaluated through static data downloaded by EGNOS RIMS (Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations) located in Rome. Then, for the maritime test carried out onboard a boat in the Gulf of Naples, two dual-frequency receivers were used: Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone and u-blox ZED-F9P multi-band GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver, both in kinematic mode. At last, IMO (International Maritime Organization) requirements, established in IMO Resolution A.1046 (27), that a SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) system in particular scenarios (coastal, inland-water, harbor navigation and ocean waters) must respect, were verified.
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Liu, Yan Yan, Guo Ning Li, and Li Feng Wang. "The Design and Implementation of Positioning System Based on GPS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2748.
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This paper studies and implementation of positioning system based on GPS.The system consists of hardware platforms, positioning terminal software, positioning and monitoring service center. One of positioning terminal is based on Samsung's S3C2440 ARM9 processor, G600 communication module and u-blox GPS positioning module. Positioning terminal software Linux-based development of embedded real-time operating system, it's multi-tasking, real-time characteristics of software provides a good platform. Running on the Linux operating system is the terminal software, by driving the hardware platforms and Linux, the terminal software to complete the GPS positioning, and communications with control centers and other functions. The second type of positioning terminal is based on Android platform for mobile phones and other android pads. Such terminals can use the rich resources of the Android platform to achieve the map display, GPS positioning, communications with control centers. Monitoring platform is a GIS-based management platform, including the integration of the electronic map, and track positioning terminal location query.
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Park, Byungwoon, Jeongkeun Lee, Younsil Kim, Ho Yun, and Changdon Kee. "DGPS Enhancement to GPS NMEA Output Data: DGPS by Correction Projection to Position-Domain." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 2 (2012): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463312000471.
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Most Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) correction formats are based on range information, and thus typical DGPS systems can be implemented only on correction message-readable or raw observable-providing devices. There is no other way to improve an already-calculated position than a ‘block shift technique’, which has a very limited applicability. This paper suggests an algorithm to project measurement correction directly to position domain data without requiring raw pseudorange data. By post-processing methodology, we evaluated the performance of our new algorithm compared to conventional DGPS, which requires raw pseudorange data; the observed difference between them was only 0·1 mm . The proposed correction projection algorithm can be used with commercial off-the-shelf receivers that provide National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) format data. Our testing with a U-blox LEA-5H receiver resulted in a drastic reduction of horizontal Root Mean Square (RMS) error from 4·75 m to 1·09 m.
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Amiroh, Khodijah. "Pendeteksian Kecelekaan Real-Time menggunakan Algoritma KNN untuk Mendukung Smart City berbasis IoT." Jurnal Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi (JustIN) 10, no. 4 (2022): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/justin.v10i4.48417.
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Surabaya merupakan kota dengan luas sebesar 326,81 km2 dan merupakan pusat transportasi darat di bagian timur pulau Jawa. Dibangunnya infrastuktur digital pada wilayah Surabaya akan mempermudah Pemerintah Kota (Pemkot) dalam menjadikan pelayanan yang efisien. Kecelakaan lalu lintas yang terjadi di Surabaya hingga tahun 2017 tercatat 1.365 kejadian. EVAN (Emergency Vehicle Automatic Notification) merupakan topik penelitian yang memiliki fokus pada bidang transportasi khususnya pada kecelakaan lalu lintas secara realtime yang dapat terintegrasi dengan pusat informasi kota dan rumah sakit untuk penolongan utama pada kecelakaan. Perancangan alat pada sisi user dibuat dengan menggunakan Arduino, sensor accelerometer dan gyroscope berupa sensor MPU6050 serta modul gps u-blox. Pendeteksi kecelakaan pada system dengan menggunakan k-Nearest neighbors algorithm (KNN). Pada sisi operator, perancangan dilakukan berbasis web dengan memanfaatkan framework ReactJs yang diintegrasikan dengan Google Maps APIs. Hasil tingkat keakurasian sistem pendeteksi kecelakaan mencapai 97% dan pendeteksi lokasi kecelakaan serta rumah sakit terdekat dari lokasi mencapai 100%.
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Wahid, Hartini Rizki, Yonal Supit, and Maruji Maruji. "PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PELACAKAN KENDARAAN MOTOR MENGGUNAKAN GPS DENGAN GOOGLE MAPS." Simtek : jurnal sistem informasi dan teknik komputer 8, no. 2 (2023): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51876/simtek.v8i2.327.
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Salah satu kejahatan yang sering terjadi yaitu tindakan pencurian kendaraan motor, sulitnya untuk mencari dan melacak keberadaan kendaraan motor tersebut. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mempermudah permasalahan dengan cara dibuatnya pelacakan kendaraan motor menggunakan alat pelacak yaitu GPS yang akan terhubung ke aplikasi android untuk melihat keberadaan atau lokasi dari kendaraan motor tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode prototyping sebagai pengembangan sistem. Alat yang dibangun berupa sistem transmitter sebagai pengirim dan receiver sebagai penerima, dengan menggunakan modul Nrf24L01 sebagai pemancar sinyal. yang mana modul GPS u-blox NEO 7M yang dikendalikan oleh ESP8266 Wemos D1 mini sebagai Transmitter yang terpasang pada kendaraan motor ini akan meminta lokasi melalui satelit lalu akan dikirimkan titik lokasi berupa koordinat yang diterima oleh receiver (Nrf24L01) dan akan ditampilkan pada layar OLED berupa titik koordinat yang dikendalikan oleh ESP 32,dan aplikasi android yang akan terhubung dengan alat Receiver melalui koneksi bluetooth akan menerima data dan menampilkan titik koordinat dengan tampilan peta google.
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Arunkumar, Subramaniam, Anida Ibrahim Nurru, Norbakyah Jabar Siti, and Abdul Rahman Salisa. "Driving cycle tracking device development and analysis on route-to-work for Kuala Terengganu city." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control) 21, no. 3 (2023): 695–701. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v21i3.24264.
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Driving cycle is a series of speed versus time profile used to represent driving patterns of a vehicle. research in this field guides vehicle manufacturers and environmentalists to investigate air quality through emissions. Study on driving cycle also aids manufacturers to manage vehicle emissions and to save energy released through exhaust. Also, driving cycles can provide information on road condition and driving behaviour of an individual. For that, a proper data collection method is crucial as it is solely based on real world driving. This research is an initiative to construct a prototype of driving cycle tracking device (DC-TRAD) in which it was implemented with internet-of-things (IoT) to manage big number of collected data. U-Blox global positioning system (GPS) neo 7 M sensor was used to increase the accuracy of data capturing and it was used on route-to-work for Kuala Terengganu city (RTW DC for KT city) for analysis.
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Vistalina Simanjuntak, Imelda Uli, and Lilik Bagus Puja Asmara. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Keamanan Sepeda Motor Menggunakan Fingerprint dan GPS Tracker Berbasis IoT." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 21, no. 1 (2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v21i1.305.
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Sepeda motor merupakan alat transportasi penting di bidang kontruksi. Pengawas kontruksi lebih cepat menuju lapangan kerja yang jaraknya jauh dari kantor pusat atau tidak dapat diakses menggunakan kendaraan roda empat. Saat pengawas kontruksi meninjau pekerjaan di lapangan, sepeda motor diparkir di tempat terbuka dan jauh dari pandangan pengawas sehingga diperlukan sistem keamanan guna melindungi sepeda motor dari tindakan pencurian. Sistem ini terdiri dari perangkat keras seperti sensor fingerprint, GPS U-Blox Neo-6M, NodeMCU sebagai pengendali utama, buzzer sebagai alarm, dan dilengkapi dengan tombol bypass sebagai kunci rahasia, sedangkan perangkat lunaknya yaitu Blynk untuk menampilkan peta melalui Android. Berdasarkan pengujian didapatkan response time sistem untuk mengenali sidik jari, yaitu 0,83 detik, delay time relay dengan metode fingerprint dan metode tombol bypass masing-masing sebesar 1,07 detik dan 0,97 detik. Delay time sangat dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan internet dan kecepatan proses dari nodeMCU. Delay time pada buzzer bila terdapat percobaan menyalakan kendaran yang tidak dikenali sistem, yaitu 0,56 detik. Sedangkan rata-rata akurasi antara modul GPS dengan GPS ponsel adalah 3,85 meter.
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Guevara López, Pedro, María Elena Mendiola Medellín, Héctor Gabriel Ugarte Soto, Leslie Jacqueline Jacobo Vázquez, Heider Venancio Sánchez, and Leslie Jacqueline Jacobo Vázquez. "Integración de un sistema remoto de seguridad para automóviles basado en una tarjeta microcontrolada y una aplicación Android." Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 8, no. 6 (2024): 143–58. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v8i6.14554.
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Este trabajo presenta un sistema de seguridad remoto para automóviles, enfocado en reducir el riesgo de robo, especialmente en zonas metropolitanas de México donde los automóviles de modelos antiguos son vulnerables. El sistema utiliza una combinación de tecnologías accesibles como un módulo GPS U-blox NEO 6M y un módulo GSM/GPRS SIM800L, que están controlados por una tarjeta microcontrolada Raspberry Pi Pico. Estos componentes permiten el monitoreo de la ubicación del vehículo, enviando datos a un servidor web mediante protocolos GSM/GPRS. El sistema incluye una aplicación móvil Android, desde donde los propietarios pueden monitorear su vehículo y recibir alertas en caso de violaciones de seguridad. El proyecto resuelve varios problemas asociados con los sistemas de seguridad vehicular tradicionales, como la complejidad de los sistemas de rastreo GPS y la falta de notificaciones rápidas. Los resultados obtenidos del sistema en pruebas del hardware como en la comunicación con el servidor web y la aplicación móvil, fueron satisfactorios, cumpliendo con los objetivos propuestos de brindar mayor seguridad y tranquilidad a los propietarios de vehículos.
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Viler, Filip, Raffaela Cefalo, Tatiana Sluga, Paolo Snider, and Polona Pavlovčič-Prešeren. "The Efficiency of Geodetic and Low-Cost GNSS Devices in Urban Kinematic Terrestrial Positioning in Terms of the Trajectory Generated by MMS." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (2023): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15040957.
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The quality of geospatial data collection depends, among other things, on the reliability and efficiency of the GNSS receivers or even better integrated GNSS/INS systems used for positioning. High-precision positioning is currently not only the domain of professional receivers but can also be achieved by using simple devices, including smartphones. This research focused on the quality of 2D and 3D kinematic positioning of different geodetic and low-cost GNSS devices, using the professional mobile mapping system (MMS) as a reference. Kinematic positioning was performed simultaneously with a geodetic Septentrio AsteRx-U receiver, two u-blox receivers—ZED-F9P and ZED-F9R—and a Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone and then compared with an Applanix Corporation GPS/INS MMS reference trajectory. The field tests were conducted in urban and non-urban environments with and without obstacles, on road sections with large manoeuvres and curves, and under overpasses and tunnels. Some general conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the different scenarios. As expected, some results in GNSS positioning are subject to position losses, large outliers and multipath effects; however, after removing them, they are quite promising, even for the Xiaomi Mi8 smartphone. From the comparison of the GPS and GNSS solutions, as expected, GNSS processing achieved many more solutions for position determination and allowed a relevant higher number of fixed ambiguities, even if this was not true in general for the Septentrio AsteRx-U, in particular in a surveyed non-urban area with curves and serpentines characterised by a reduced signal acquisition. In GNSS mode, the Xiaomi Mi8 smartphone performed well in situations with a threshold of less than 1 m, with the percentages varying from 50% for the urban areas to 80% for the non-urban areas, which offers potential in view of future improvements for applications in terrestrial navigation.
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Adjrad, Mounir, and Paul D. Groves. "Intelligent Urban Positioning: Integration of Shadow Matching with 3D-Mapping-Aided GNSS Ranging." Journal of Navigation 71, no. 1 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000509.
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In dense urban areas, conventional Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning can exhibit errors of tens of metres due to the obstruction and reflection of the signals by the surrounding buildings. By using Three-Dimensional (3D) mapping of the buildings, the accuracy can be significantly improved. This paper demonstrates the first integration of GNSS shadow matching with 3D-mapping-aided GNSS ranging. The integration is performed in the position domain, whereby separate ranging and shadow matching position solutions are computed, then combined using direction-dependent weighting. Two weighting strategies are compared, one based on the computation of ranging-based and shadow matching position error covariance matrices, and a deterministic approach based on the street azimuth. Using experimental data collected from a u-blox GNSS receiver, it is shown that both integrated position solutions are significantly more accurate than either shadow matching or 3D-mapping-aided ranging on their own. The overall Root Mean Square (RMS) horizontal accuracy obtained using covariance-based weighting was 6·1 m, a factor of four improvement on the 25·9 m obtained using conventional GNSS positioning. Results are also presented using smartphone data, where shadow matching is integrated with conventional GNSS positioning.
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Zuliani, David, Lavinia Tunini, Marco Severin, Michele Bertoni, Cristian Ponton, and Stefano Parolai. "LZER0: A Cost-Effective Multi-Purpose GNSS Platform." Sensors 22, no. 21 (2022): 8314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218314.
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Recent advances in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology have made low-cost sensors available to the mass market, opening up new opportunities for real-time ground deformation and structure monitoring. In this paper, we present a new product developed in this framework by the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics–OGS in collaboration with a private company (SoluTOP SAS): a cost-effective, multi-purpose GNSS platform called LZER0, suitable not only for surveying measurements, but also for monitoring tasks. The LZER0 platform is a complete system that includes the GNSS equipment (M8T single-frequency model produced by u-blox) and the web portal where the results are displayed. The GNSS data are processed using the RTKLIB software package, and the processed results are made available to the end user. The relative positioning mode was adopted both with real-time and post-processing RTKLIB engines. We present three applications of LZER0—cadastral, monitoring, and automotive—which demonstrate that it is a flexible, multi-purpose platform that is easy to use in terms of both hardware and software, and can be easily deployed to perform various tasks in the research, educational, or professional sectors.
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Rahman, Miftahur, Achmad Ubaidillah Ms, and Hanifudin Sukri. "Desain Alat Portable untuk Merekomendasikan Pemilihan Jenis Tanaman Berdasarkan Keasaman, Suhu, Kelembapan dan Warna pada Tanah dengan Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) Tipe Mamdani." Jurnal Arus Elektro Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jaei.v8i2.30295.
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Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang sebagian besar kawasannya terdiri dari daerah perkebunan dan persawahan. Akan tetapi, kurangnya pengelolaan lahan yang baik dan benar menyebabkan pemerintah harus memberlakukan kebijakan impor karena hasil produksi pertanian belum bisa memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri. Salah satu langkah untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan pertanian presisi atau pola pertanian modern dengan memanfaatkan teknologi untuk meminimalisir pengeluaran biaya namun dengan produktivitas yang tinggi. Untuk mendukung solusi ini, dibuatlah sebuah alat portable yang dapat membaca kondisi fisik tanah sehingga dapat merekomendasikan jenis tanaman yang cocok untuk ditanam pada tanah tersebut. Input dari alat ini berupa sensor pH, DS18B20, YL-69 dan TCS3200, setelah itu Mikrokontroler memproses nilai dari pembacaan sensor dengan menggunakan Fuzzy Inference System tipe Mamdani dan outputnya ditampilkan pada LCD yang berupa nilai pembacaan sensor serta jenis tanaman yang telah direkomendasian. Pada alat ini juga terdapat sebuah GPS U-blox Neo-6 sebagai penunjuk lokasi dan RTC DS3231 sebagai pencatat tanggal dan waktu, serta MicroSD untuk menyimpan data dari tanah yang telah diteliti. Hasil pengujian alat ini menghasilkan tingkat keberhasilan 90,98% dalam membaca kondisi fisik tanah serta perekomendasian jenis tanaman.Kata Kunci — Fuzzy Inference System, Modern, Portable.
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Shihran, Reza S., Irwan Gumilar, Teguh P. Sidiq, and Brian Bramanto. "A Preliminary Result of Land subsidence Monitoring by Using Low-Cost GNSS in Bandung Basin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1127, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1127/1/012001.
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Abstract Land Subsidence is one of the issues faced by major cities in Indonesia. The need for a land subsidence monitoring station that operates continuously is one of the most important aspects today. The current use of low-cost GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is expected to help in dealing with this problem. This study aims to evaluate Low-Cost GNSS for monitoring land subsidence in Bandung Basin. The Measurement of Low-Cost GNSS using Chip-GNSS U-Blox (single frequency) and the microstrip antenna was assembled itself. The monitoring of land subsidence was carried out at one point(TK01) with an observation period from March 2021 to December 2021. The result of data processing shows the value of the coordinate standard deviation of the TK01 point during the measurement period ranges from ± 1.5 cm. The results of vertical component processing show the standard deviation in the vertical direction is ± 3.5 cm. The rate of land subsidence resulting from linear regression at the point of TK01 from March 2021 to December 2021 in this study was -13.9 cm/year with a standard deviation value of ±0.32 cm/year.
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Orongan, Manuel Allan, Miemarc John Deleña, Ernest Macalalad, Sejera Marloun, and Tung Yuan Hsiao. "A Microcomputer-based GNSS Scintillation Monitor using Low-Cost Receiver." E3S Web of Conferences 599 (2024): 01008. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459901008.
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We improve upon previous low-cost radio scintillation monitor designs by implementing onboard processing and display capabilities to produce a more comprehensive device. The proposed design uses a U-blox EVK-6T’s GPS receiver, providing data updates at a rate of 1Hz, and a Raspberry Pi 4. The RPi calculates the S4c index with both a three-minute and a five-minute duration, then saves all the raw data and S4c values onto a locally stored CSV file. The proposed design has been successfully implemented, having been able to log all raw and calculated data and display the three-minute and five-minute S4c values on a plot with a temporal range from 00 UT to 24 UT. In addition to these features, we successfully validate the accuracy of our low-cost radio scintillation monitor by finding a high correlation between its C/No output to that of a high-rate receiver when performing simultaneous measurements from the same receiving antenna. The S4c values calculated from these C/No measurements also proved to be accurate as they demonstrated moderate correlation on non-scintillated days and high correlation on scintillated days.
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Hryhorovsky, Petro, Sergei Inosov, Mykola Samoilenko, Andriy Wolters, and Andrey Zaprivoda. "Opportunities to reduce random error satellite geolocation due to averagement of data received by U-BLOX NEO-6M-0-001 gps receiver with external active antenna." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 55 (September 25, 2023): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2023.55.186-191.
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In our time, problems of accurate positioning of objects, equipment and cargo arise more and more often. These are the tasks of logistics and precision farming and, a separate group of tasks, positioning during earthworks in construction: pits, arrangement of pile fields, etc. If a positioning accuracy of 10 m is quite sufficient for logistics tasks, monitoring the movement of transport and cargo, then for construction tasks, an accuracy of 10 cm is required, and building monitoring tasks require a millimeter accuracy. This work is devoted to increasing the accuracy of satellite geolocation by reducing the random error of the receiver. A budget receiver with a price of about $5 was chosen for the study, from which data on the current geolocation was recorded. The data from the receiver contains a random error, which was eliminated by averaging the result. Studies have shown that with small averaging intervals, the error remains, although it decreases; as the averaging interval increases, the error decreases, however, up to a certain width of the interval; a further increase in the averaging interval ceases to affect the magnitude of the error. It is optimal to average the results in the interval from 1000 to 2000.
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Keshavarzi, Hamideh, Caroline Lee, Mark Johnson, David Abbott, Wei Ni, and Dana L. M. Campbell. "Validation of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Devices on Sheep to Detect Grazing Movement Leaders and Social Networks in Merino Ewes." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030924.
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Understanding social behaviour in livestock groups requires accurate geo-spatial localisation data over time which is difficult to obtain in the field. Automated on-animal devices may provide a solution. This study introduced an Real-Time-Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK-GNSS) localisation device (RTK rover) based on an RTK module manufactured by the company u-blox (Thalwil, Switzerland) that was assembled in a box and harnessed to sheep backs. Testing with 7 sheep across 4 days confirmed RTK rover tracking of sheep movement continuously with accuracy of approximately 20 cm. Individual sheep geo-spatial data were used to observe the sheep that first moved during a grazing period (movement leaders) in the one-hectare test paddock as well as construct social networks. Analysis of the optimum location update rate, with a threshold distance of 20 cm or 30 cm, showed that location sampling at a rate of 1 sample per second for 1 min followed by no samples for 4 min or 9 min, detected social networks as accurately as continuous location measurements at 1 sample every 5 s. The RTK rover acquired precise data on social networks in one sheep flock in an outdoor field environment with sampling strategies identified to extend battery life.
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Abdi, Omid, Jori Uusitalo, Julius Pietarinen, and Antti Lajunen. "Evaluation of Forest Features Determining GNSS Positioning Accuracy of a Novel Low-Cost, Mobile RTK System Using LiDAR and TreeNet." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (2022): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122856.
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Accurate positioning is one of the main components and challenges for precision forestry. This study was established to test the feasibility of a low-cost GNSS receiver, u-blox ZED-F9P, in movable RTK mode with features that determine its positioning accuracy following logging trails in the forest environment. The accuracy of the low-cost receiver was controlled via a geodetic-grade receiver and high-density LiDAR data. The features of nearby logging trails were extracted from the LiDAR data in three main categories: tree characteristics; ground-surface conditions; and crown-surface conditions. An object-based TreeNet approach was used to explore the influential features of the receiver’s positioning accuracy. The results of the TreeNet model indicated that tree height, ground elevation, aspect, canopy-surface elevation, and tree density were the top influencing features. The partial dependence plots showed that tree height above 14 m, ground elevation above 134 m, western direction, canopy-surface elevation above 138 m, and tree density above 30% significantly increased positioning errors by the low-cost receiver over southern Finland. Overall, the low-cost receiver showed high performance in acquiring reliable and consistent positions, when integrated with LiDAR data. The system has a strong potential for navigating machinery in the pathway of precision harvesting in commercial forests.
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Tomaštík, Julián, and Tim Everett. "Static Positioning under Tree Canopy Using Low-Cost GNSS Receivers and Adapted RTKLIB Software." Sensors 23, no. 6 (2023): 3136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063136.
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The decrease in costs and dimensions of GNSS receivers has enabled their adoption for a very wide range of users. Formerly mediocre positioning performance is benefiting from recent technology advances, namely the adoption of multi-constellation, multi-frequency receivers. In our study, we evaluate signal characteristics and horizontal accuracies achievable with two low-cost receivers—a Google Pixel 5 smartphone and a u-Blox ZED F9P standalone receiver. The considered conditions include open area with nearly optimal signal reception, but also locations with differing amounts of tree canopy. GNSS data were acquired using ten 20 min observations under leaf-on and leaf-off conditions. Post-processing in static mode was conducted using the Demo5 fork of the RTKLIB open source software, which is adapted for usage with lower quality measurement data. The F9P receiver provided consistent results with sub-decimeter median horizontal errors even under tree canopy. The errors for the Pixel 5 smartphone were under 0.5 m under open-sky conditions and around 1.5 m under vegetation canopy. The adaptation of the post-processing software to lower quality data was proven crucial, especially for the smartphone. In terms of signal quality (carrier-to-noise density, multipath), the standalone receiver provided significantly better data than the smartphone.
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Zuriarrain Sosa, Angel Luis, Valeria Ioannucci, Marco Pratesi , et al. "OBU for Accurate Navigation through Sensor Fusion in the Framework of the EMERGE Project." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (2024): 4401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114401.
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With the development of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles (AV), recent years have seen an increasing evolution of onboard sensors and communication interfaces capable of interacting with available infrastructures, including satellite constellations, road structures, modern and heterogeneous network systems (e.g., 5G and beyond) and even adjacent vehicles. Consequently, it is essential to develop architectures that cover data fusion (multi–sensor approach), communication, power management, and system monitoring to ensure accurate and reliable perception in several navigation scenarios. Motivated by the EMERGE project, this paper describes the definition and implementation of an On Board Unit (OBU) dedicated to the navigation process. The OBU is equipped with the Xsens MTi–630 AHRS inertial sensor, a multi–constellation/multi–frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver with the u–blox ZED–F9P module and communication interfaces that afford access to the PointPerfect augmentation service. Experimental results show that GNSS, with corrections provided by augmentation, affords centimetre accuracy, with a Time To First Fix (TTFF) of about 30 s. During the on–road tests, we also collect: the output of fusion with inertial sensor data, monitoring information that assess correct operation of the module, and the OBU power consumption, that remains under 5 W even in high–power operating mode.