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Journal articles on the topic "U invertida"
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Rodríguez-Jiménez, Franmis José, Erika Alexandra Montero-Lebrón, Frank Félix De-la-Cruz-Holguín, and Gerhard José Sánchez-Sánchez. "Impacto del modelo de aula invertida en el rendimiento académico en Física Básica a nivel universitario." MQRInvestigar 9, no. 2 (2025): e664. https://doi.org/10.56048/mqr20225.9.2.2025.e664.
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Uno de los modelos pedagógicos con mayor impacto en el rendimiento académico es el aula invertida, que promueve el estudio de contenidos fuera del aula y la aplicación práctica en clase, guiada por el docente. El objetivo fue implementar una propuesta de intervención basada en esta metodología para evaluar su impacto en el rendimiento académico del estudiantado de Física Básica de la UASD. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental y cuantitativo con 223 estudiantes, divididos en grupo experimental (GE, n = 108) que trabajó con aula invertida, y grupo de control (GC, n = 115) con enseñanza tradicional. Se aplicaron pruebas estandarizadas antes y después de la intervención. La prueba U de Mann-Whitney mostró que el GC tuvo un mejor desempeño inicial (p = 0.049, rangos promedios: GC = 120.20, GE = 103.26), sin embargo, al finalizar el proceso el GE lo superó, pese a que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el post-test (p = 0.262, rangos promedios: GC = 107.31, GE = 116.99), comprobando que el GE mejoró su rendimiento, mientras que el GC lo disminuyó. El factor de ganancia de Hake fue mayor en el GE (g = 0.19) frente al GC (g = 0.11), lo que evidencia una mejora relativa más notable en quienes trabajaron bajo el enfoque invertido. Se concluye que el aula invertida favorece el aprendizaje de la Física, compensa desventajas iniciales y fomenta un aprendizaje activo. Se recomienda replicar esta experiencia en otros contextos para evaluar su efecto en variables como motivación y autorregulación.
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Campos Vázquez, Raymundo M., and Álvaro Meléndez Martínez. "Una estimación semiparamétrica de las pautas de consumo e ingreso a lo largo del ciclo de vida para México." El Trimestre Económico 80, no. 320 (2013): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v80i320.104.
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Este artículo estima de forma semiparamétrica pautas de ciclo de vida de ingreso y de consumo en México durante los pasados 26 años. El análisis de consumo se realiza considerando clasificaciones de bienes duraderos y no duraderos para jefes de hogar con distintas características, por ejemplo, educación o zona en donde habitan. Los hallazgos indican que el consumo muestra una pauta de U invertida, contrario a los modelos tradicionales de consumo. La pauta de U invertida no puede ser explicada por los cambios en la composición del hogar ni por complementariedades con la oferta laboral del hogar a lo largo del ciclo de vida. Además, se encuentra que los hogares en México tienen un consumo relativamente bajo en bienes duraderos en comparación con países desarrollados. Los resultados del artículo sugieren que las restricciones de crédito son importantes para los hogares mexicanos
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María, Fernanda Mendoza Saltos, and Rigoberto Palma Macias Gregorio. "Impacto de los costos ambientales de actividades turísticas en presupuestos de Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados." ENCUENTROS. Revista de Ciencias Humanas, Teoría Social y Pensamiento Crítico. 23, Universidad Nacional Experimental Rafael Maria Baralt. (2024): 311–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14283739.
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El objetivo de la investigación es analizar los fundamentos de teoría económica de “U invertida” sobre crecimiento económico y sostenibilidad en la planificiación de los Gobiernos Autonomos Descentralizados (GADs), constitutivos de la realidad político administrativa de Ecuador en medianos y pequeños territorios. Se aplicaron métodos inductivos y deductivos, también entrevistas a funcionarios responsables, tomando como ejemplo el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de Santa Ana, por causa de su importancia económica en el PIB agrícola y su ascenso como polo de crecimiento. Se consideraron centralmente los criterios de los emprendedores turísticos. Se pudo determinar que hay ausencia de visión, sistemas diagnósticos y preventivo-regulatorios que articulen desarrollo y sostenibilidad, tanto en el plano de la formulación de la política, como en el cálculo de costos ambientales. Se discute acerca de los riesgos que esto implica, no solo en la calidad de vida sino en la sostenibilidad de cualquier modelo de crecimiento.
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Sanchez Trinidad, Elizabeth Nancy, Nélida Esperanza Bustamente Malaver, José Mercedes Valqui Oxolón, Bernardette Ligia Llerena Cruz, and Lilia Lucy Campos Cornejo. "El aula invertida en el trabajo colaborativo en estudiantes de una universidad pública peruana." Horizontes. Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación 7, no. 31 (2023): 2433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v7i31.675.
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El trabajo colaborativo es una pieza fundamental para el aprendizaje efectivo. Los estudiantes ya no son receptores pasivos de conocimiento, sino que se les exige participar activamente en su proceso de aprendizaje. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto del trabajo colaborativo en dos momentos distintos: previo y posterior a la intervención del aula invertida. La investigación se realizó con un grupo de 60 estudiantes de diferentes especialidades de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, en Perú, quienes fueron asignados al azar a dos grupos, experimental y control, con 30 estudiantes cada uno. Se evaluó la independencia de la muestra mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes y se encontró que las diferencias en el post test entre los grupos control (35,3) y experimental (53,9) son significativas con un p-valor de 0,000. Esto confirmó la hipótesis de investigación, demostrando que el aula invertida como estrategia pedagógica mejora el trabajo colaborativo de los estudiantes universitarios. Se concluye que la implementación del aula invertida puede tener un impacto positivo en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, especialmente en el desarrollo de habilidades colaborativas entre los estudiantes universitarios.
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Dorado Saucedo, Ricardo, and Bernardo Ugarte Lucuy. "Desarrollo de programa computacional para la verificación de corte por punzonamiento en losas de hormigón armado." Revista Ingeniería 6, no. 14 (2022): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33996/revistaingenieria.v6i14.92.
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El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar un programa computacional que automatice la verificación de corte por punzonamiento en losas planas, tanto macizas como aligeradas, para columnas rectangulares, circulares, u otra geometría. Además, se propuso un procedimiento para calcular esfuerzos de punzonamiento en columnas situadas en la posición de “esquina invertida”. El código fuente fue desarrollado y compilado en el entorno de programación Visual Studio, utilizando el lenguaje de programación VisualBasic. Para el análisis de la columna en esquina invertida, procedimientos similares a los descritos por las normas internacionales de concreto reforzado vigentes fueron utilizados. Como resultado del proyecto se obtuvo el programa computacional en formato ejecutable para el entorno de Windows, acompañado de la formulación y descripción del procedimiento para realizar la verificación de esfuerzos por punzonamiento en la posición mencionada. El desarrollo de dicha formulación queda sujeto a un análisis más detallado, respaldado por modelos matemáticos y físicos.
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Núñez Paz, José Alberto. "Aula invertida con uso de recursos tecnológicos: sus efectos sobre el aprendizaje y la actitud hacia las matemáticas en una muestra de estudiantes de honduras." RIEE | Revista Internacional de Estudios en Educación 20, no. 1 (2020): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37354/riee.2020.200.
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La tecnología es parte integral del proceso educativo, por lo que es necesario conocer sus efectos sobre el rendimiento y la actitud hacia las matemáticas de los estudiantes. El presente estudio procuró determinar si existe una diferencia significativa de desempeño matemático y de actitud hacia las matemáticas entre un grupo en el que se utilizó la clase invertida con el uso de recursos tecnológicos y uno en el que se utilizó la clase tradicional. Participaron 38 estudiantes del segundo año de Bachillerato en Ciencias y Humanidades en una escuela privada en Honduras, durante el curso escolar 2018-2019. La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativa, con un diseño cuasiexperimental. Se utilizó la prueba estadística no paramétrica U de Mann Whitney para dos muestras independientes. Se encontró un efecto positivo al aplicar la clase invertida con el uso de recursos tecnológicos sobre el rendimiento académico y sobre la actitud hacia las matemáticas en sus cuatro dimensiones: valor, autoconfianza, disfrute y motivación.
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Muñoz Jiménez, Wilton, and Martín E. Tamayo Ancona. "Efectos del aula invertida en el rendimiento académico en cursos de Física: una revisión sistemática." EDMETIC 12, no. 2 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/edmetic.v12i2.16062.
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En esta revisión sistema de intervención se analizó la evidencia existente sobre el efecto de la metodología de aula invertida (FC) en el rendimiento académico en cursos de Física de educación secundaria y universitaria. A partir de una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos y buscadores: Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), ERIC, Google Académico y Google Chrome, de un total de 425 registros inicialmente encontrados se seleccionaron 22 artículos para su revisión. En la mayoría de los estudios (n = 20), se evidenció una mayor ganancia de aprendizaje en los cursos de Fisica donde se implementó alguna modalidad de FC en comparación con aquellos donde se utilizó el método tradicional de enseñanza u otro enfoque. Además, se reportaron mejoras en la motivación, comprensión conceptual, habilidades tecnológicas, autonomía en el aprendizaje y autoconcepto, y un alto grado de aceptación del FC en el alumnado. En conclusión, la evidencia analizada sugiere que el aula invertida mejora significativamente el rendimiento académico en los cursos de Física.
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Quilca Chipana, Jannina, Roberto Arpi Mayta, and Froilan Lazo Flores. "CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL INGRESO EN EL PERÚ, 1990-2016." SEMESTRE ECONÓMICO 7, no. 1 (2018): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26867/seconomico.v7i1.159.
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El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre el crecimiento económico y la distribución del ingreso en el Perú. Utilizando los datos macroeconómicos, estadística descriptiva y estimando por Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios, se concluye que, durante el periodo de estudio, se concluye que la desigualdad tiende a disminuir; mientras, la relación entre el crecimiento económico y desigualdad distribución de los peruanos muestra de la forma de U invertida, pero este indicador todavía es muy alta en relación a otros países; y la reducción de desigual distribución del ingreso contribuye en mayor crecimiento económico en el país.
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López Miguel, Alexis, and Adriana Sletza Ortega Ramírez. "Transición migratoria y demográfica de México. Nuevos patrones." Paradigma Económico 16, no. 1 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36677/paradigmaeconomico.v15i2.22617.
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 El objetivo de este artículo es proponer la convergencia de dos transiciones en México: la transición migratoria y la transición demográfica. Estos procesos alcanzaron relevancia a partir del debate en 2008 sobre la “migración cero” o “saldo migratorio cero” con la importante disminución de la emigración internacional y el incremento del retorno de mexicanos desde los Estados Unidos. El modelo teórico de la transición migratoria propone un patrón de forma de U invertida. En este artículo, el patrón se demuestra con los datos de emigración internacional de 1990 a 2020.
 
 
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Bolaños, Isalia Nava, Gonzalo Esteban Negreros Amaya, and Abraham Granados Martínez. "Ahorro en los hogares de México: ¿importa el lugar de residencia?" Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 38 (November 5, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0169.
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En este artículo se analiza el perfil de ahorro de los hogares rurales y urbanos en México. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de 1994 a 2014 se construye un panel sintético y se estima un modelo semiparamétrico que permite identificar los perfiles por edades. Los resultados contrastan con la hipótesis del ciclo de vida, el perfil por edades no muestra una forma de U invertida, hay evidencia de mayor ahorro en las edades avanzadas. Los perfiles de ahorro son mayores en los hogares urbanos, en particular en aquellos con personas mayores y acceso a la salud.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "U invertida"
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Mesquita, Shirley Pereira de. "Ensaios sobre Trabalho Infantil." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8116.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-30<br>This dissertation encompasses three chapters that study Child Labor. Below are the
individual abstracts for each chapter.
Chapter 1: Child labor and the wealth paradox: the role of Altruistic Parents
Using data from Pakistan and quantile regression techniques, we study the effect of family
wealth on the utilization of child labor. We find evidence of a positive relationship between
land wealth and child labor only for children in the upper quantiles of the distribution.
We hypothesize that the so-called "Wealth Paradox" in child labor documented elsewhere
in the literature is driven by parental preferences.
Chapter 2: Child labor and household wealth: an analysis for rural Brazil
This chapter studies the effect of family wealth on the utilization of child labor in rural
areas of Brazil. We using data from PNAD 2012 and the Censored Quantile Instrumental
Variable (CQIV) which captures heterogeneity across the distribution of hours worked, and
it deals with the problems of censorship and endogeneity in the data. We find evidences
of a negative relationship between land wealth and child labor only for children in the
lower quantiles of the distribution. On the other hand, at the median and upper quantiles
we find a non-linear relationship, supporting the hypothesis of " U-inverted ". We need to
highlight that the turning point is bigger at the upper quantile, where families have lower
level of altruism. In general, the results indicate that the preferences of the parents are
the primary determinant of child labor.
Chapter 3: Child labor in urban Brazil: what is the role of the family structure?
The aim of this chapter is to investigate the role of single parents on child labor in urban
Brazil. We use data provided by Brazilian Demographic Census of 2010 and the models to
determine the probability of working (Probit, IV-Probit and Bivariate Probit) and the
Yun’s decomposition to capture the differences at the probability of child labor attributed
to the difference in behavior between single-parent families, headed by the mother, and
two-parent, headed by his father. The results show that boys, age 15 whose parents have
low level of education are more likely to work. We also found evidences that children in
single-parent homes are more likely to work when compared with children in two-parent
households in the father’s responsibility, noting that the most vulnerable scenery for the
child is to live in a single parent home with no widowed mother. And the difference in
child labor between the two groups of families is mainly due to their unobserved behaviors.<br>Esta tese compreende 3 capítulos sobre o tema Trabalho Infantil. Abaixo seguem-se os
resumos individuais de cada capítulo.
Capítulo 1: Trabalho infantil, paradoxo da riqueza e altruísmo: o caso do Paquistão
Utilizando dados do Paquistão e a técnicas de regressão quantílica, esse capítulo analisa o
efeito da riqueza familiar na utilização de trabalho infantil. As evidências apontam uma
relação positiva entre riqueza da terra e trabalho infantil apenas nas crianças que estão no
quantil superior da distribuição de horas trabalhadas. Dessa forma, a hipótese derivada
desse estudo é de que o chamado “paradoxo da riqueza” do trabalho infantil documentado
na literatura é impulsionado por preferências dos pais.
Capítulo 2: Trabalho infantil e riqueza familiar: uma análise para o Brasil rural
O capítulo investiga o efeito da riqueza familiar sobre o trabalho infantil no meio rural do
Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados da PNAD 2012 e o Censored Quantile Instrumental
Variable (CQIV), que permite captar heterogeneidades ao longo da distribuição
de horas trabalhadas, e, ainda, lida com os problemas de censura e endogeneidade nos
dados. Os resultados mostraram uma relação negativa entre riqueza, medida pelo tamanho
da terra, e trabalho infantil no quantil inferior de horas de trabalho infantil, enquanto
nos quantis médio e superior, uma relação não linear, corroborando a hipótese do “U
invertido”. Destaca-se que o turning point é maior no quantil superior, onde as famílias
tem menor nível de altruísmo. Em geral, os resultados apontam as preferências dos pais
como principal determinante do trabalho infantil.
Capítulo 3: Trabalho infantil no Brasil urbano: qual a importância da estrutura familiar?
O capítulo investiga a importância da estrutura familiar na determinação do trabalho
infantil no Brasil urbano. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Censo Demográfico de
2010 e modelos de determinação da probabilidade de trabalhar (Probit, IV-Probit e Probit
Bivariado) e a decomposição de Yun para captar o diferencial de probabilidade de trabalho
infantil atribuído à diferença de comportamento entre os tipos de famílias. Os resultados
mostraram que meninos, com 15 anos de idade e cujo pai (mãe) não tem instrução são mais
propensos à entrada precoce no mercado de trabalho. Também foram achadas evidências
que crianças em lares monoparentais têm maior chance de trabalhar quando comparadas
com crianças em domicílios biparentais sob responsabilidade do pai, destacando que o
cenário de maior vulnerabilidade para a criança é viver em um lar monoparental com mãe
não viúva. E, ainda, a diferença de probabilidade de trabalho infantil entre os grupos de
análise é explicada principalmente por diferenças de comportamento entre os tipos de
família.
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Amaral, João Pedro Rúbio do. "Encurvadura em vigas mistas: estudo do modelo em “U” invertido." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7500.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil Estruturas<br>A presente dissertação contribui para o estudo de fenómenos de instabilidade em vigas mistas aço-betão, nomeadamente o fenómeno de encurvadura lateral que tende a ocorrer, principalmente,em zonas de momentos negativos. Em particular, estuda-se o modelo de “U” invertido, efectuando-se uma contribuição baseada na teoria generalizada de vigas (GBT) para o cálculo de momentos críticos elásticos, a qual permite ter em conta de uma forma precisa, o modo de
distorção da secção transversal mista. É desenvolvida uma expressão analítica para o cálculo de momentos críticos, segundo a GBT. Além deste método, são apresentados mais dois métodos,que servem de validação e comparação para o método desenvolvido neste documento.
Desenvolve-se ainda um método numérico para vigas mistas sujeitas a momentos actuantes
não-uniformes.
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Payne, Carolyn. "ARE INVESTORS ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY USE THE VAST AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON PUBLICLY TRADED COMPANIES? A DECISION THEORY APPROACH TO INVESTOR INFORMATION ANALYSIS." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/89.
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Stock market investors are making investment decisions in an information-rich environment. In their attempt to afford investors all the decision-relevant information, standard setters are continually adding to the already weighty load seemingly oblivious to the cognitive limitations of humans.
Information overload has long been recognized as a problem to decision-makers. The information overload literature is robust with studies supporting the inverted U hypothesis: Decision accuracy will increase with additional information to the point of maximum processing capability, then decline. The decision style literature has supported the theory that individuals can be classified according to the quantity of information that they are able to process effectively.
This study combined the two theories to develop hypotheses about how investors with differing decision styles might behave differently in an information-rich environment. The hypotheses were tested in an internet-based stock market investment experiment. In general, the study did not find significant differences in the decisions of investors with different decision styles. Though the results of the experiment failed to support most of the hypotheses, the study revealed some interesting facts about the investors who participated in this study. There was an unusually high concentration of the analytic decision style in this group. This style, according to the theory, is the one best able to manage high information processing demands. A further analysis of the respondent style dominance reveals that all of the styles had significant analytic influence. This could explain the lack of variation in the decision accuracy of the respondents.
It is also possible that the respondents in this study did not reach a point of information overload. Based on prior literature, the study incorporated ten information items. However, the particular items selected may not have created a sense of information overload for the respondents. Future research should increase the information available
to respondents and observe whether differences in decisions can be explained by differences in decision styles in an information overload situation. This study provides a baseline for future studies examining how investors make decisions when so much information is available.
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Erikson, Gustaf, and Cornelius Raapke-Eckert. "Inkomstfördelning och ekonomisk utveckling -en studie av forna sovjetstater." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1315.
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<p>The economic development and industrialization that has taken place in many parts of the world during the past century has brought about a huge increase in economic welfare. During this process, it has repeatedly been debated whether the gains from economic development are shared by everyone or just a few. In the field of economics, vast research has been conducted on this particular subject ever since the 1950’s. The most famous contribution might be said to be Simon Kuznets article, Growth and Income Inequality from 1955 and the ”inverted U”-hypothesis that was formulated on the basis of that article. The essence of the hypothesis is that a country, during its development, moves from agricultural to industrial production. At first, income inequality increases and then, at the end of the process, decreases.</p><p>The aim of this paper has been to investigate the relationship between income distribution and economic development in a particular region, namely the countries of the former Soviet Union, during 1992-2003. Also, we have tested whether Kuznets theory and the “inverted U”-hypothesis hold true for our sample. The investigations method is a survey, which uses secondary data collected from the World Bank’s database of World Development Indicators. Regression-analysis has been employed to conduct cross-sections between 20 countries over 4 periods in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The number of observations equals to 62. The variables that we use are: the Gini index, GDP per capita and the agricultural sector’s share of GDP.</p><p>The results of the regression do not indicate any resemblance to the pattern of the “inverted U”-hypothesis. The curve we get is that of a “positive U”. Countries with high GDP per capita as well as countries with low GDP per capita have high income inequality. Countries with mediate GDP per capita levels have low income inequality. Our analysis concludes that the countries in our sample might have had a very unique economic development following the fall of the Soviet Union. Only 7 countries partly follow the Kuznets theory if tested individually. Since these seven countries seem to have a reversed development with increasing agricultural sector and the remainder of the countries show increasing income inequality, we reject the “inverted U”-hypothesis and question the ability of Kuznets’ theory to explain income distribution for our sample.</p>
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Hedlund, Lars-Erik. "Response Time as Self-Schema Indicator : Implications for Personality Assessment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112128.
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The focal objective of this thesis was to examine the potential advantage of introducing the self-schema concept, indexed by response time, into personality assessment. The basic rationale for the use of response time is that a self-schema facilitates response time for self-referent information as it permits people to make assessments easier and automatic. A self-schema is a cognitive structure containing the generic knowledge that people have about themselves, influencing all aspects of the processing of self-relevant information in order to organize, summarize and explain their behavior. Paper I examined the self-schema proposition that the relation between personality score and response time for the Big Five personality factors is curvilinear in accordance with the inverted-U effect. Using more appropriate statistical methods than in previous studies, Study 1 and Study 2 confirmed the existence of the inverted-U effect for all Big Five factors. Thus the results provided support for the self-schema perspective as people scoring low or high on the Big Five traits responded faster than those scoring in the middle. Previous research has shown that the Big Five personality factors Openness to Experience and Agreeableness are powerful predictors of prejudice. The main question in Paper II was whether this prediction could be improved by including a measure of self-schema (schematicity). The results of Study 3 demonstrated that response time significantly improved the prediction of generalized prejudice from the mentioned personality factors and disclosed both an additive and a moderating effect. Thus, the relation between personality trait score and generalized prejudice is moderated by how schematic a person is. Paper III examined the potential linkage between heritability and self-schema. In Study 4, 5, and 6, the relation between heritability and response time for the Big Five personality facets (subfactors) was examined. The results revealed that personality response time is related to personality heritability so that shorter response times are associated with higher heritabilities. Putting the present results into the context of self-schemas, this means that Big Five personality facets with a large heritability on the average would have higher schematicity than those with small heritability estimates. The results of the present thesis extend previous work in the area of self-schema. The findings suggest that self-schema, measured by response time, may be a useful additional tool to fine-tune personality assessment. Also, the findings put emphasis on the importance of considering possible curvilinear relationships and interaction effects in order to better comprehend the rationale underlying self-schemata processing. Finally, the results imply that the heritability of personality traits should be taken into account when we construct theories and models in personality psychology. The implications of these results are discussed and directions for future research are highlighted.
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Chen, Ching-chi, and 陳靜姬. "Kuznets’ Inverted-U Hypothesis:Evidence from County and City of Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48228266123096789029.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>財稅所<br>97<br>Most empirical studies about the relationship between economic growth and income distribution of Taiwan found that there exists the U-shaped relationship. These studies considered the case of Taiwan is an exception of Kuznets’ inverse U-shaped hypothesis. In stead of using the national level of data, the purpose of this study is to reexamine this relationship based on the data of local economic growth and local income distribution. This study considered 23 cities/counties of Taiwan area and employed the data from 1983 to 2006. Based on the original uncorrected series data, the results showed that the relationship of local economic growth and local income distribution represented an S-shaped. That is income distribution revealed worse first, and then improved, and finally getting worse again as the economy grew. The same results can be observed as we added possible explanatory variables. According to the tests, we further used the first-order differential corrected series data to study. The empirical results showed that the U-shaped relationship of economic growth and income distribution existed. That is income distribution represented improving and then deteriorating as the economy grew. The same observations were obtained if we added other possible explanatory variables. This result is similar to the conclusion of Fei et al. (1979) study. That is the relationship between economic growth and income distribution of Taiwan represented the U-shaped distribution.
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Liao, Hui-chun, and 廖彗君. "The Internationalization and Performance of Taiwanese Firms：A Test of Inverted U-shaped Curve." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54612877097222538390.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>國際企業學系<br>97<br>Internationalization has been the focus to business and academic communities for years. So far researchers have different views, Most empirical studies found that internationalization increases firms benefits; For industrial circles, internationalization is important for organizational growth. Comparing with multinational corporations (MNCs) from western developed countries, the sizes of Taiwanese firms are much smaller. Taiwan, a small-opened economy, is a typical inland-nation with its market confronting more pressures from saturation and overgrowth, Actively entering foreign markets for most firms in Taiwan has become a must in the globalized economy.
Therefore, we wonder if Internationalization could contribute to Taiwanese firms’ performance? This paper aims to study the effects of internalization for the performance of electronic industry in Taiwan. The result is that the relationship between internationalization and performance could be graphically depicted as one of inverted U-shaped curvilinearity, The internationalization could substantially result great impact on performance. The research could provide Taiwanese firms as useful references for entering global market and better understanding about relationship between internationalization and performance
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Lin, Yi-Huei, and 林宜慧. "The Inverted /U-Shaped Effect of COMT SNP on Cortical Morphology and Function in Adult Lifespan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41719148804785240658.
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碩士<br>國立陽明大學<br>腦科學研究所<br>104<br>The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, a dopamine (DA) enzyme, with a functional polymorphism (Val158Met) that results in a fourfold decrease in enzymatic activity and increases synaptic DA availability in Met-allele carriers. DA level influences cortical neuronal development and apoptosis, which associated with the modulation of brain structure and function, moreover, might further affect individuals’ behavioral performance. Previous findings have been reported that such DA-mediated alteration in brain follows an inverted U-shaped curve, in which the lowest and highest DA availability both result in poor outcome via modulation of brain structure and function. Therefore, we hypothesized that the COMT would interact with age to affect brain structure in terms of inverted U-shaped effects. Total of 297 normal Chinese subjects were recruited and genotyped of COMT by DNA extraction. To assess an inverted U-shaped relation in healthy aging, we divided all subjects into 6 groups in terms of COMT genotypes and age. In this study, we conducted voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and a recently developed data-driven global brain connectivity (GBC) analysis, to investigate the genetic effect of the COMT on human cortical morphology and function throughout the whole brain. Furthermore, brain regions that showed a significant COMT x age interaction effects on GBC were extracted and defined as seed regions for the following resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis. These findings suggest that COMT Val158Met modulates both gray matter morphology and functional connectivity, and a U-shaped dopaminergic model of the volume of right thalamus may imply a compensatory mechanism in response to functional deficit. This study provides extending observations of nonlinear pattern of COMT effect on dopamine level to the alteration of brain structure and function over human lifespan.
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Lu, Chung-Hsang, and 陸忠憲. "Numerical Simulation of Flow Field and Heat Transfer in Two Vertical Inverted U-Tubes with different Length." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32541891726280812637.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>機械工程研究所<br>81<br>The paper was to investigate of phenomena of flow field and heat transfer of inverted U-tubes in a steam generator of nuclear power plant under two known conditions of temperature distribution at tube wall and flow rates of inlet and outlet.
For the convenience of analysis, an equivalent rule is adopoted to simplify 30 inverted U-tubes to 2 inverted U-tubes. Since the geometry of the steam generator is complicate, the finite element method which is convenient for the complex shape domain is utilized. for pratical prupose, the temperature distributions at tube walls are obtained from experimental results, and Reynolds numbers change from 103 to 10. At certain Reynolds number mentioned above, Grashof number varies from the normal current flows occuring in the 2 inverted U-tubes to the reverse flow appearing in any one of the inverted U-tubes. The results show that the higher the Grashof number is, the more apparent the reverse flow is, and the net heat transfer rate becomes worse. The net heat transfer rate becomes worse. The reverse flow appearing in the outer tube is easier than that appearing in the inner tube which is in agreement with the earlier experiment results.
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Astakhov, Anton. "Competition and Innovation: Revisiting the Relationship Using Alternative Measures of Rivalry." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350170.
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This study re-examines the relationship between competition and innovation in a detailed firm-level dataset of publicly traded US companies spanning from 1975 to 2013. Using R&D expenditures, patent counts and patent citations as the measures of innovation, and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Lerner Index, Profit Elasticity and Product Market Fluidity as the proxies for competition we document a robust positive association between the two variables, as well as strong evidence of the non-linear relationship known as "inverted-U shape", when controlling for size, distance to technological frontier, level of knowledge spillovers, technological opportunities and other firm- and industry-specific characteristics. We address overdispersion in the data by using negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial count data regressions, and the results are robust in these specifications. Additionally, in order to address potential endogeneity issues, we employ a set of instruments based on the import tariff rates and the level of Chinese import penetration, and find a weak evidence of positive relationship as well. Overall the results strongly support the prediction of agency models, "replacement effect" and "escape- competition effect" about the positive influence of competition on innovation. Powered by TCPDF...
Books on the topic "U invertida"
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Philippe, Aghion, and National Bureau of Economic Research., eds. Competition and innovation: An inverted U relationship. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
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Fazey, John. The inverted-U hypothesis: A catastrophe for sport psychology? British Association of Sports Sciences, 1988.
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Quilca, Jannina, and Edgar Callohuanca. Crecimiento económico y distribución del ingreso en el Perú. Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35622/inudi.b.004.
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Desde la recuperación económica en la década de los 90 la economía peruana presenta una situación favorable en cuanto a crecimiento económico; sin embargo, la desigualdad de ingresos en el país se mantiene casi constante. Bajo este contexto la presente investigación tiene como propósito estudiar la existencia de una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el crecimiento económico y la distribución del ingreso en Perú en el periodo 1990-2014, siendo importante por su contribución a brindar una mejor visión para el desarrollo de la política económica en cuanto a la disminución de la desigualdad; y preparación de medidas correctivas de corto o largo plazo. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se recopilaron datos estadísticos y se construyó un modelo econométrico de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios, tomando como variable dependiente el logaritmo natural del PIB per cápita, para explicar el crecimiento y como variable independiente a la medida del nivel de desigualdad determinada por el Coeficiente de Gini, así como variables control utilizadas para dar consistencia al modelo. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación cuadrática entre crecimiento económico y desigualdad de los ingresos, explican además que la economía peruana se encuentra en una primera etapa de la relación de U invertida, entre crecimiento y desigualdad, planteada en la literatura económica.
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Anxiety and performance: A comparison of the inverted-U and Zone of Optimal Function theories. 1993.
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Grömping, Max. Domestic Monitors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190677800.003.0009.
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This chapter analyzes the roles of domestic election observers who are monitoring contests in countries around the world where elections have been commonly undermined by malpractices such as clientelism, fraud, intimidation, and vote buying. It predicts that the formation and maintenance of domestic election watchdog groups depends primarily on a combination of grievances (incidents of serious electoral malpractice) and political opportunities (the freedom of civil society groups to mobilize around such issues). Moreover, these factors are theorized to interact. As a result, domestic monitors are expected to be strongest in hybrid regimes that are neither established democracies nor electoral autocracies, displaying an inverted U-shape pattern across levels of democratization. The chapter presents evidence supporting this proposition by drawing from a new data set documenting the global distribution of domestic monitoring groups.
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Stoneman, Paul, Eleonora Bartoloni, and Maurizio Baussola. Empirical Evidence on the Determination of the Extent of Product Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816676.003.0008.
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This chapter considers determinants of product innovation across and within firms. Firms that are innovative in one dimension are also innovative in others; thus both what distinguishes the innovating firm and the literature based upon the analysis of various innovation indicators can give insight into the determinants of product innovation. It is concluded that (i) technological characteristics of industries matter; (ii) firm and market characteristics are related, but not linearly, to innovation; (iii) the two most important firm characteristics are internal finance and sales; (iv) there is an inverted U-curve relationship between competition and R&D; (v) competition in foreign markets is predominantly found to have positive effects on innovation at home; (vi) there are various spillover effects. Survey data on the constraints to innovation indicate that the issues considered to be of main importance are (i) innovation costs; (ii) risk and finance; and (iii) the availability of qualified labour.
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Goss, Kristin A. US Women’s Groups in National Policy Debates, 1880–2000. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190265144.003.0009.
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This chapter considers appearances by women’s organizations at US congressional hearings from 1920 to 2000. By three measures—the number of times women’s groups testified, the number of women’s organizations that appeared, and the breadth of issues to which the groups spoke—these groups’ policy engagement expanded in the four decades after suffrage. Women’s engagement then declined after the second-wave women’s movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The chapter evaluates promising yet ultimately unsatisfying explanations for this inverted-U pattern and then lays out an account centered on public policy’s role. Specifically, federal gender policies provided resources that helped structure and direct the representation of women’s interests. For the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, interests surrounded women’s group rights and civic responsibility; for the last third of the century, the focus was on group rights almost exclusively. This evolution influenced women’s collective voice in American democracy and the range of issues on which women were heard.
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Gulati, Namrata, and Tridip Ray. Inequality and Neighbourhood Effects. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812555.003.0011.
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The key insight in our research is to recognize inequality–neighbourhood interaction: neighbourhood effects interacting with income inequality may affect poor people’s ability to access basic facilities like health-care services, schooling, and so on. While Gulati and Ray (2016) model this interaction on a monopolist service provider in a neighbourhood structured as a linear city where rich and poor consumers live side by side, in this chapter we extend the analysis to a competitive framework with free entry and exit where the natural neighbourhood structure is a circular city. We find inverted-U shape relationships between income inequality and market access and welfare of the poor: if we compare a cross-section of societies, the poor community as a whole is initially better off living in relatively richer societies, but, beyond a point, the aggregate market access and consumer surplus of the poor starts declining as society becomes richer. We identify the possibility of complete exclusion of the poor from the market: a scenario where the service providers cater only to the rich and the poor have absolutely no market access, and find that it is the higher income gap between rich and poor that exposes the poor to this unfortunate outcome.
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Hammond, Christopher J., Marc N. Potenza, and Linda C. Mayes. Development of Impulse Control, Inhibition, and Self-Regulatory Behaviors in Normative Populations across the Lifespan. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0082.
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Impulsivity represents a complex multidimensional construct that may change across the lifespan and is associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including substance use disorders, conduct disorder/antisocial personality disorder, and traumatic brain injury. Multiple psychological theories have considered impulsivity and the development of impulse control, inhibition, and self-regulatory behaviors during childhood. Some psychoanalytic theorists have viewed impulse control and self-regulatory behaviors as developing ego functions emerging in the context of id-based impulses and inhibitory pressures from the superego. Object relationists added to this framework but placed more emphasis on mother–child dyadic relationships and the process of separation and individuation within the infant. Cognitive and developmental theorists have viewed impulse control and self-regulation as a series of additive cognitive functions emerging at different temporal points during childhood and with an emphasis on attentional systems and the ability to inhibit a prepotent response. Commonalities exist across all of these developmental theories, and they all are consistent with the idea that the development of impulse control appears cumulative and emergent in early life, with the age range of 24–36 months being a formative period. Impulsivity is part of normal development in the healthy child, and emerging empirical data on normative populations (as measured by neuropsychological testing batteries, self-report measures, and behavioral observation) suggest that impulse control, self-regulation, and other impulsivity-related phenomena may follow different temporal trajectories, with impulsivity decreasing linearly over time and sensation seeking and reward responsiveness following an inverted U-shaped trajectory across the lifespan. These different trajectories coincide with developmental brain changes, including early maturation of subcortical regions in relation to the later maturation of the frontal lobes, and may underlie the frequent risk-taking behavior often observed during adolescence.
Book chapters on the topic "U invertida"
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Xibao, Guo. "Kuznets Inverted-U Curve." In Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Economics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4036-9_210.
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Khatib, Milad, and Zaher Abou Saleh. "Numerical Evaluation of Punching Shear Capacity Between Bonded and Unbonded Post-tensioned Slab Using Inverted-U Shape Reinforcement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2532-2_50.
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AbstractThe Both bonded and unbonded prestressing tendons may be used to reinforce post-tensioned (PT) concrete members. The binding state of tendons may have an impact on how well different types of PT concrete elements function in flexural and shear loads. Inverted-U shape reinforcement was used experimentally to enhance the behavior of different structural elements. The obtained results confirmed the proposed model’s accuracy for both PT slabs and beams (bonded, and unbonded). This study's major goal is to compare numerically PT concrete slabs provided with inverted-U shape reinforcement with the two different tendon systems and evaluate their performances due to applying punching shear load. To do this, the PT slab that has already been tested is reexamined numerically. By using, a nonlinear finite element, the results were carried out utilizing visualization tools. For a better study of the behavior of bonded and unbonded PT slabs, the obtained numerical results, and the previous experimental one are compared. Good correlations are shown.
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Shiffman, Melvin A. "Inverted U-Shaped Umbilical Reconstruction in Abdominoplasty." In Adult Umbilical Reconstruction. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43887-0_17.
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Maurizio, Roxana, Ana Paula Monsalvo, Sol Catania, and Silvana Martínez. "Changes in the Employment Structure and the Debate on Occupational Polarization in Latin America: The Cases of Argentina, Chile and Mexico." In Global Trends in Job Polarisation and Upgrading. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76228-4_7.
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Abstract This chapter examines the changes in the structure of employment and income in three Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile and Mexico) during different sub-periods over the first two decades of the new millennium. It applies the ‘jobs approach’, which combines occupation type and branch of activity. The study is carried out for all workers and for different subgroups defined on the basis of gender, age, educational level and formality status. The results show a wide variation of structural change patterns between periods and countries. In Argentina, an inverted U-shaped pattern is found in employment growth for the period 2003–2012, while a certain polarizing trend is observed between 2012 and 2019. In Chile, no clear pattern is identified between 2000 and 2009, and a certain pattern of upgrading is found from 2009 until 2017. In Mexico, there is no evidence of significant changes between 2006 and 2010, while an inverted U-shaped pattern is found in the following decade. In the three countries, when the nearly two decades under analysis are considered as a whole, a reallocation of jobs from the lower end of the distribution to jobs in the middle and upper part of the distribution can be observed. Lastly, mean wages behaved differently from what was observed in jobs, as lower-income occupations experienced greater increases during the studied period.
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Xu, Yang, Xiaoguang Hong, Zhaohui Peng, Guang Yang, and Philip S. Yu. "Temporal Recommendation via Modeling Dynamic Interests with Inverted-U-Curves." In Database Systems for Advanced Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32025-0_20.
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Prados de la Escosura, Leandro. "Inequality and Poverty." In Frontiers in Economic History. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60792-9_5.
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AbstractThis chapter assesses how the rewards of sustained economic growth were distributed over time. The evolution of income inequality resembles a wide inverted U with a peak in 1916, and a Kuznets curve results when the Gini coefficient is plotted against real per capita income. The functional distribution of income led personal income distribution until the early 1950s, while the dispersion of labour incomes took over from then onwards. Although growth and inequality do not move together over time, in the last century, the main phases of economic growth went hand-in-hand with inequality decline. The substantial fall in absolute poverty resulted from growth but also from inequality reduction during the interwar period and the late 1950s, and was eradicated by 1975.
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Özsoy, Ceyda Erden. "Kuznets’s Inverted U Hypothesis: The Relationship Between Economic Development and Ecological Footprint." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64349-6_19.
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Gawhale, Priyanka, Bharat Patil, Archana Wasule, and Vijay K. Sambhe. "Inverted U-shape Monopole Antenna with Notch-Band Characteristics for UWB Communication Applications." In Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0586-3_61.
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Saar, Ellu, and Triin Roosalu. "Inverted U-shape of Estonian Higher Education: Post-Socialist Liberalism and Postpostsocialist Consolidation." In Palgrave Studies in Global Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52980-6_6.
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AbstractThis chapter provides a description of the basic features of the higher education system in Estonia in the historical perspective, paying special attention to the period during the Soviet time right before the USSR collapse and exploring the developments during the following period up to 2015. It is understood that both the social and political system during the period of socialism, as well as changes in the society during the postsocialist period right after the country became independent, have an impact on the current period. On the other hand, changes in the Estonian higher education system are greatly impacted by external factors, especially processes of Europeanisation and internationalisation of higher education. Tendencies towards standardisation of higher education provision, on the one hand, as well as maintaining differentiation between higher education institutions will be highlighted.The analysis distinguishes four periods of the postsocialist higher education system in Estonia, characterised by different traits. 1988–1992 can be considered a period of chaotic, individually and institutionally driven changes; 1993–1998 saw the major expansion of the higher education system in combination with the development of legal frameworks and quality assurance mechanisms; 1999–2005 indicated the wave of reforms, including following the principles of the Bologna process; from 2006 onwards, new measures are put in place to strengthen the (international) competitiveness and sustainability of the shrinking higher education sector. The main strand of differentiation between the higher education institutions largely follows their formal statuses that stem from the soviet period: the applied higher education institutions on the one hand and the academic universities providing bachelor, master’s and doctoral level education on the other. The further differentiation can be made based on the research intensity of the universities as well as based on their legal status, with some being declared national universities by their dedicated laws.
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Wang, Shaojie, Xinli Zhao, Dongmei Wang, and Di Jiang. "Analytical Displacement Analysis for an Inverted U-Shaped Tunnel Excavated in Anisotropic Rock Mass." In Proceedings of the 23rd Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference, Volume 2. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8780-9_66.
Full textConference papers on the topic "U invertida"
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J, Sandhya, S. Brindha, Pradeepa R, Suvatha Lakshmi S, and Varshini A. "Performance Analysis of Inverted U-Shaped Antenna for 5G Wireless Application." In 2025 International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (ICCCT). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccct63501.2025.11020002.
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A, Janet Jackcy, G. Shine Let, Suja Saffrin S, Sai Kishore G, Yaswanthi G, and Marur Shashank. "A Triple Inverted U-Slot Single Notch Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications." In 2024 Second International Conference on Microwave, Antenna and Communication (MAC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mac61551.2024.10837468.
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Rovetto, Carlos, Jahiro Sutherland, Yoan Martínez-López, and Elia E. Cano. "ANÁLISIS DE LOS MOVIMIENTOS DE LAS OPERACIONES DE LAS GRÚAS RTG EN PUERTOS DE PANAMÁ USANDO SIMULADOR E-TECH." In Congresso Internacional de Conhecimento e Inovação (ciKi). Congresso Internacional de Conhecimento e Inovação (ciKi), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48090/ciki.v1i1.996.
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La aparición del uso del contenedor y la incorporación de grúas para el movimiento de estos, causó una auténtica revolución en el diseño de los puertos existentes cambiando su aspecto físico. Este trabajo establece un estudio de comparación entre el movimiento de U invertida (rectilínea) y el movimiento de Overlapping (parabólica) a través del uso de una herramienta de simulación de grúas pórtico de patio sobre neumáticos de goma (RTG). Para la evaluación de las pruebas realizadas se utilizó el método de chi-cuadrado, demostrando que los operadores presentan menos dificultad con el movimiento parabólico versus el rectilíneo.
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Đorđević, Aleksandar. "Projektovanje layouta CMOS invertora korišćenjem alata otvorenog koda Glade." In 17th Student Project Conference. University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46793/ieeestec17.317dj.
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Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je sagledavanje detaljnog prikaza projektovanja i simulacije CMOS invertora. Proces projektovanja CMOS invertora uključuje detaljnu izradu layouta (u daljem tekstu lejauta) komponenti u specijalizovanim alatima. GLADE (Graphical Layout and Design Environment) je jedan od takvih alata otvorenog koda koji omogućava inženjerima da stvore lejaute elektronskih komponenti. Nakon što je projekat završen u GLADE-u, sledeći korak je testiranje komponente u simulacionom alatu kao što je LTspice.
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Hegazy, Ahmed, Khaled Yousef, and Abraham Engeda. "A New Vacuum System for Steam Plant Condenser." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4898.
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Abstract In the current work, a simple and low energy consuming system is proposed for holding on the vacuum in the steam power plant system. In this system, vacuum is created at the tip of an inverted U-pipe through which water flows by siphon effect. The stream of water through this pipe is brought about from a reservoir to another one whose water surfaces are at certain height difference. This height difference along with the height of the inverted U-pipe tip defines the value of the vacuum that can be produced. At this tip, the U-pipe is linked to the discharge pipe of a compressor which draws a mixture of air, non-condensable gases and some water vapor from the steam condenser and raises their pressure a little higher than that of the inverted U-pipe tip so that the resistance of connecting pipe is overcome and the pressure at exit of this pipe is equal to that at the inverted U-pipe tip. The mixture flows along with the water down the inverted U-pipe till it leaves the pipe with the water. A thermodynamic and fluid flow analysis is developed for predicting the performance of the proposed system. The results of this analysis show that the right selection of the mass flow rates ratio of water flowing in the inverted U-pipe and air and water vapor mixture sucked by the compressor from the steam plant condenser, in the range of 25000, the height of the inverted U-pipe summit from the water level of the higher water tank greater than 9.2 m and the height difference of the water levels in the two water tanks small enough, in the range of 0.1m saves the power of vacuum system by 80% less than that consumed when using compressor alone for venting the steam plant condenser.
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Yousef, Khaled, Ahmed Hegazy, and Abraham Engeda. "Mixing of Dry Air With Water-Liquid Flowing Through an Inverted U-Tube for Power Plant Condenser Applications." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4901.
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Abstract This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation for dry air/water-liquid and two-phase flow mixing in a vertical inverted U-tube using the mixture multiphase and turbulence models. This study is to investigate the flow behaviors and underlying some physical mechanisms encountered in dry air/water-liquid flow in the inverted U-tube. Water flows through the inverted U-tube while the dry air is entrained using the side-tube installed after the water flow downward. The inverted U-tube is tested at water mass flow rates of 2,4,6 and 8 kg/s, air mass flow rates, 0.000614–0.02292 kg/s, with dry air volume fractions 0.2–0.9. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data for model validation and the present CFD model is able to give an acceptable agreement. Also, the results show that, at water mass flow rate of 2 kg/s, there are vortices and turbulent intensity disturbances are noticed at the inverted U-tube higher part, which refers to an air entrainment occurrence from the side-tube. Theses disturbances starts to be stabilized at air mass flow rate around 0.00736 kg/s and air volume fraction, αa = 0.75. This means, if the air mass flow rate increases above this limit, the air entrainment may be blocked. On the other side, at water mass flow rate of 4 kg/s, there are little noticed disturbances until air mass flow rate of 0.00368 kg/s and αa = 0.43 and thereafter stabilized. After this point for water mass flow rate of 4 kg/s, increasing air mass flow rate may block the water flow and the whole inverted U-tube system possible stop flowing. Therefore, this study is able to estimate the required operational conditions and mass ratios for stable air entrainment process. Beyond these operational conditions, air entrainment may be blocked and the whole system discontinues its normal induced gravitational flow. In addition, this study proves that the inverted U-tube is able to generate a vacuum pressure up to 53.382 kPa based on the present geometrical configuration. This generated low-pressure by the inverted U-tube can be used for engineering applications which are working under vacuum and need continuous evacuating form the dry air and non-condensable gases. Furthermore, these findings motivate the utilizing of inverted U-tube for the air evacuation purposes for less power consuming in power plants.
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Mahender, P., S. Natarajamani, and S. K. Behera. "Inverted U-shaped Dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN." In 2010 International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccct.2010.5670788.
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Sarakon, Pornthep, Hideaki Kawano, and Seiichi Serikawa. "Surface-Defect Segmentation using U-shaped Inverted Residuals." In 2019 12th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon47515.2019.8990212.
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Wang, Chuan, and Lei Yu. "Asymmetry Investigation on Single Phase Flow in Inverted U-Tubes of Steam Generator Under the Condition of Natural Circulation." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29502.
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In order to study the reverse flow characteristics in U-tubes of steam generator in the natural circulation case, the code RELAP5/MOD3.3 is used to model and calculate single-phase water flow for PWR under some typical operating conditions in the natural circulation case. The U-tubes of steam generator are classified according to their length and then are divided into different nodes and flow lines. The calculated results show that reverse flow exists in some inverted U-tubes of the steam generator, the natural circulation capacity of the primary coolant circuit system declines and the calculated net mass flux of the natural circulation accords with the experimental data. The traditional lumped parameter method can not simulate the reverse flow characteristics in inverted U-tubes and its result is much greater than the experimental data. When the steam generator outlet pressure is higher than inlet pressure, and gravitational pressure drop is lower than the total of frictional pressure drop and area change pressure drop, the reverse flow will occur. As to the nuclear power plant described in this paper, the mass flux of the shorter U-tubes drops more quickly and at last reverse flow will occur. The temperature distribution is uniform in inverted U-tubes, and it is almost identical with that of SG in secondary side. The occurrence of reverse flow can be judged by that whether the steam generator inlet temperature is lower than reactor outlet temperature obviously. It is indicated that reverse flow occurred in the U-tubes of the steam generator reduces the mass flux in the natural circulation system.
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Ninković, Predrag, Nemanja Mijailović, Ivan Kuraj, and Bojan Radojičić. "REALIZACIJA INVERTORA 110Vdc/230V,50Hz SNAGE 70kVA U POSTROJENJU TERMOELEKTRANE." In 36. Savetovanja CIGRE Srbija 2023 Fleksibilnost elektroenergetskog sistema. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre36.0754n.
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In this paper, a design of 110Vdc/230V-50Hz 70kVA single-phase inverter for uninterruptible AC power supply of critical load in thermal power plant is presented. Due to low input voltage, input current in overload conditions may exceed 1000 A which introduce significant challende during design, especially in inverter power core. In order to cope this challenge, the designer must apply creative solutions both in system and components design. This paper reveals the process of optimal power-core architecture selection, shows some important details of modular approach design and describes some mechanisms for high reliability preservation. Keypoints of physical realization are given and some recordings in testing phase are presented.
Reports on the topic "U invertida"
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Aghion, Philippe, Nicholas Bloom, Richard Blundell, Rachel Griffith, and Peter Howitt. Competition and Innovation: An Inverted U Relationship. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9269.
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Ishii, M., S. B. Kim, and R. Lee. Flow visualization study of inverted U-bend two-phase flow. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6839281.
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Ashraf, Nava, Alexia Delfino, Edward Glaeser, and Irene Solmone. The Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Female Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3386/w33608.
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Gravina, Antonio Francesco, and Matteo Lanzafame. “What’s Your Shape?”: A Data-Driven Approach to Estimating the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Asian Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps240334-2.
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This paper uses Bayesian Model Averaging techniques to explore the relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth and finds that per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and carbon dioxide emissions are positively associated in emerging economies. Due to model and variable selection uncertainty, studies on the inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth—known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve—have produced very mixed evidence. This paper addresses these issues by using Bayesian Model Averaging techniques. The results indicate that the Environmental Kuznets Curve has an inverted-N shape. Almost all of the emerging economies analyzed display a positive association between per capita GDP and carbon dioxide emissions, whereas most advanced economies analyzed are on the second downward segment of the curve.
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Alonso-Sanabria, Juan David, Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia, and Daniel Parra-Amado. Connecting the Dots: Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, Reforestation, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Colombia. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1252.
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This study aims to establish a comprehensive linkage between CO2 emissions and the composition of energy sources, economic growth, and reforestation, thereby shedding light on their intricate connections in Colombia over the period 1970-2018. First, we use different types of energy consumption including non-renewable, renewable, and hydroelectric sources. As expected, our findings reveal a noteworthy effect of non-renewable sources that lead to increased emissions, while renewable sources help mitigate those emissions. Second, the preservation of forested areas plays a crucial role in mitigating CO2 emissions. Third, the agricultural sector significantly contributes to the rise in emissions, encompassing both crops and livestock, a characteristic often observed in emerging economies. Moreover, in the long-run equilibrium, we find real GDP show the characteristic inverted U-shaped pattern commonly linked with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis.
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Balza, Lenin, Laura Heras-Recuero, David Matías, and Ariel Yépez-García. Green or Growth? Understanding the Relationship between Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions. Inter American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012943.
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The relationship between economic growth and environmental impact is a topic that has largely been studied through the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), which posits an inverted U-shape relationship between the two. We examine this link by analyzing GDP and CO2 emissions per capita from 1970 to 2020 using a panel of 136 countries. We estimate both the short- and long-run income elasticities of CO2 emissions across various regions and for rolling time periods. The analysis focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean, aggregating and disaggregating data by region and introducing alternative measures of CO2 emissions. Though our findings confirm the existence of the EKC at the global level, we do not find evidence of it for all regions. A monotonic positive relationship between income and emissions is observed for Latin America and the Caribbean. We also find that, in most cases, the income elasticity of production-based emissions is lower than that of consumption-based emissions. This distinction is particularly pronounced in the Latin American and Caribbean region, where the income elasticity of consumption-based emissions is estimated at 0.95, as opposed to 0.56 when using a production-based measure.
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Alvaredo, Facundo, François Bourguignon, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, and Nora Lustig. Seventy-five Years of Measuring Income Inequality in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005211.
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Drawing on a comprehensive compilation of quantile shares and inequality measures for 34 countries, including over 5,600 estimated Gini coefficient, we review the measurement of income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last seven decades. Although the evidence from the first quarter century roughly until the 1970s is too fragmentary and difficult to compare, clearer patterns emerge for last fifty years. The central feature of these patterns is a broad inverted U curve, with inequality rising in most countries prior to the 1990s, and falling during the early 21st Century, at least until the mid-2010s, when trends appear to diverge across countries. This broad pattern is modified by country specificities, with considerable variation in timing and magnitude. Whereas this broad picture emerges for income inequality dynamics, there is much more uncertainty about the exact levels of inequality in the region. The uncertainty arises from the disparity in estimates for the same country/year combinations, depending on whether they come from household surveys exclusively; from some combination of surveys and administrative tax data; and on whether they attempt to scale income aggregates to achieve consistency with National Accounts estimates. Since no single method is fully convincing at present, we are left with (often wide) ranges, or bands, of inequality as our best summaries of inequality levels. Reassuringly, however, the dynamic patterns are generally robust across the bands.