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Journal articles on the topic 'U-OFDM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Aeizaal Azman Abdul Wahab, Nur Qamarina Muhammad Adnan, Syed Sahal Nazli Alhady, and Wan Amir Fuad Wajdi Othman. "An Improved PAPR Reduction Scheme using Green OFDM." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 45, no. 1 (2024): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.45.1.2839.

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OFDM has become popular method to be applied in data communication as it has high data rate. Selective Mapping OFDM (SLM OFDM) is introduced to over-come the OFDM’s disadvantage which is high PAPR. SLM OFDM offers PAPR reduction by selecting OFDM waveform with the lowest PAPR among many copies of waveform candidates, U. As the world become more digitalized and demanding, Green OFDM shows up with more candidates, U^2/4, without making computation more complex. More candidates will promote more choices with lower PAPR values compare to the SLM OFDM. In the recent years, re-searchers have come ou

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Lian, Jie, Yan Gao, Peng Wu, and Dianbin Lian. "Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Techniques Comparison for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Systems." Sensors 19, no. 1 (2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010160.

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Optical wireless communication is an energy-efficient and cost-effective solution for high-speed and highly-secure wireless connections. In this paper, we compare, discuss, and analyze three popular optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques, such as DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM), asymmetrically-clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), and unipolar OFDM (U-OFDM), for underwater optical wireless communication systems. The peak power constraint, bandwidth limit of the light source, turbulence fading underwater channel, and the channel estimation error are taken into account

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Gulfo Monsalve, Jorge Luis, Laurent Ros, Jean-Marc Brossier, and Denis Mestdagh. "An Improved GreenOFDM Scheme for PAPR Reduction." Telecom 1, no. 3 (2020): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom1030014.

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In this paper, we propose an improvement to a recent Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), the GreenOFDM. This technique, which is inspired by SeLected Mapping (SLM), generates several waveform candidates using a given number of Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms (IFFT), and selects the one with the lowest PAPR for the transmission of the OFDM symbol. For U IFFTs, GreenOFDM provides better PAPR reduction capabilities than SLM-OFDM as it increases the number of waveform candidates from U (for SLM-OFDM) to U2/4. In this work, w

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Koti, Jayasudha, and Braj Kishore Mishra. "BER Performance Comparison of DCO-OFDM and Convolutional Coded DCO-OFDM in IM/DD Systems." International Journal of Electronics, Communications, and Measurement Engineering 8, no. 2 (2019): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijecme.2019070102.

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Optical wireless communication (OWC) is an alternative technology to meet the demands of the exponentially-growing high data rate applications run by broadband users. The implementation of single carrier modulation techniques in OWC is an age old technology, but for the last few years research is focused towards the multicarrier modulation techniques in OWC. In OWC, information is carried using intensity modulation and retrieved using direct detection. To perform intensity modulation, the baseband signal should be a unipolar signal. To obtain a unipolar signal, various techniques such as DC-bi

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Sabhapathy, Umar, and Lenin Anselm Wilson. "Implementation of Underground Water for Wireless Optical Communication System using CDMA." International Innovative Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no. 4 (2021): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32595/iirjet.org/v6i4.2021.147.

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Optical wireless communications is a powerful and cost-effective approach for high-speed wireless links that have been tightly guarded For underwater optical wireless communication, the following three optical code division multiple access (CDMA) techniques have been used. systems are associated, investigated, and presented in this paper, such as AC-biased optical CDMA (ACO-CDMA), symmetrically-SCO-OFDM (clipped optical OFDM), and unipolar CDMA (U-CDMA). Peak power constraints, light source bandwidth tag, there are so many factors to recognize, such turbulence, fading underwater signals, and c

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N. Al-Musawi, Wasnaa, and Hassan K. Al-Musawi. "Performance improvement of visible light communication links based on coded unipolar OFDM." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2022): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp217-224.

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Visible light communications are limited by the narrow bandwidth of their sources as the light-emitting diodes, which restricts the high data rates transmission. A potential technique such as multi-carrier modulation is considered promising for achieving a high-speed data rate and enhancing system performance. This paper proposes turbo coding with unipolar orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (U-OFDM) for indoor environments. The system under U-OFDM considerations can reduce the inter-symbol interference caused by multiple paths and mitigate burst errors by adopting an iterative turbo de

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Al-Musawi, Wasnaa N., and Hassan K. Al-Musawi. "Performance improvement of visible light communication links based on coded unipolar OFDM." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2023): 217–24. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp217-224.

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Visible light communications are limited by the narrow bandwidth of their sources as the light-emitting diodes, which restricts the high data rates transmission. A potential technique such as multi-carrier modulation is considered promising for achieving a high-speed data rate and enhancing system performance. This paper proposes turbo coding with unipolar orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (U-OFDM) for indoor environments. The system under U-OFDM considerations can reduce the inter-symbol interference caused by multiple paths and mitigate burst errors by adopting an iterative turbo de

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Ninković, Vukan, Dejan Vukobratović, and Dejan Nemec. "LOKALIZACIJA MOBILNIH UREĐAJA U ZATVORENOM PROSTORU POMOĆU MAŠINSKOG UČENJA." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, no. 11 (2019): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/05be10ninkovic.

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Usled velikog napretka u razvoju mobilnih uređaja, problem njihove lokalizacije u zatvorenom prostoru postaje jedna od najvažnijih tema današnjice. Najnovije ideje vezane za njegovo rešavanje su usko povezane sa principima mašinskog učenja. Mi predlažemo novi algoritam, koji posmatra vremensko – frekvencijsku strukturu signala nakon OFDM demodulacije kao sliku, i koristi sve benefite mašinskog učenja koji se već primenjuju u rešavanju problema obrade i klasifikacije slike. Na kraju vršimo poređenje različitih arhitektura po tačnosti klasifikacije i vremenu potrebnom za trening neuralne mreže

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Er., Sukhjinder Singh, Parvinder Singh Er., and Jasraj Singh Er. "The Performance Analysis of PAPR Reduction using a SLM technique at different parameters u and M in OFDM MIMO System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 2 (2018): 825–32. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd9518.

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The ecological functions of urban areas are degraded the infrastructures of cities and the built up regions have enormous impacts on ecosystems and ecology of the urban environment. In this paper, we focused on the connections of urban ecology and urban design, urbanisation impacts on urban ecosystems functions and ecological urbanism approach to degraded urban areas. The studies revealed the relationship of urban ecology and urban design and the ecosystem services they provide in the urban environment. In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM is an new method for fourth generation w

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Ch., Manvitha Lakshmi*1 &. Mr. M. Srininasa Rao2. "SLM APPROACH FOR PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM SYSTEMS VIA GENETIC ALGORITHM." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 5, no. 7 (2018): 87–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1305954.

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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has lately used in wireless communication systems for its high transmission data rate and robustness against frequency selective fading. However, OFDM system suffers from a major drawback at the transmitter that is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted OFDM signal. An SLM (Selected Mapping) is an effective algorithm to reduce PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) in OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal without distortion. However the SLM scheme needs to dispose U paths of IFFT (Inverse Fourier Transform

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MAKARISHKIN, DENYS, M. LYUBARSKY, and V. MISHAN. "MODERN RADIO TECHNOLOGIES FOR M2M COMMUNICATION." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 303, no. 6 (2021): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-303-6-225-228.

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The aim of the study is to analyze the functioning of the PRACH system in overload conditions, when a large number of M2M devices with different priorities establish their connection to the access network. Fifth-generation (5G) systems provide increased data rates, use of low-latency over-the-counter (URLLC), have high spectral efficiencies, extensive connectivity, and increased energy efficiency. Multiplexing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and filter (F-OFDM) is a signal received at the output of the filter. F-OFDM compared to OFDM provides a reduction in out-of-band radiatio

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Sure, Pallaviram, and Chandra Mohan Bhuma. "On the Comparison of Various Overhead Arrangements for Massive MIMO-OFDM Channel Estimation." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 60, no. 2 (2014): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2014-0021.

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Abstract Massive multi input multi output (MIMO) systems incorporate orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology to render high data rate services for future wireless communication applications. The channel estimator (CE) employed by a reliable massive MIMO-OFDM system requires huge amount of overhead in the form of known and null data transmissions, hence limiting the system spectral efficiency (SE). Often, CE design is a tradeoff between SE and system reliability. In this paper, CE with three different overhead arrangements, namely time domain synchronous (TDS), comb type wi

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13

Yang, Yang, Zhimin Zeng, Shulan Feng, and Caili Guo. "A Simple OFDM Scheme for VLC Systems Based on u-Law Mapping." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, no. 6 (2016): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2015.2503481.

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Abdulridha, Sajjad R., and Fadhil S. Hasan. "Enhanced SLM based OFDM-DCSK communication system for PAPR reduction." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 1 (2022): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i1.3549.

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In this research, a selective mapping (SLM) technique using the Walsh Hadamard (WH) matrix, the Riemann matrix, and the new enhanced Riemann matrix were introduced to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based differential chaos shift keying (OFDM-DCSK). Using a new algorithm to reduce the size of the Riemann matrix, which in turn enhances the computational complexity of the SLM system without affecting the performance of PAPR in the main method. The simulation results show that the SLM technique using the Riemann matrix gives better PAPR

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Sajjad, R. Abdulridh, and S. Hasan Fadhil. "Enhanced SLM based OFDM-DCSK communication system for PAPR reduction." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 1 (2022): 567–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6651531.

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In this research, a selective mapping (SLM) technique using the Walsh Hadamard (WH) matrix, the Riemann matrix, and the new enhanced Riemann matrix were introduced to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based differential chaos shift keying (OFDM-DCSK). Using a new algorithm to reduce the size of the Riemann matrix, which in turn enhances the computational complexity of the SLM system without affecting the performance of PAPR in the main method. The simulation results show that the SLM technique using the Riemann matrix gives better PAPR

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Madiawati, Hanny, Aulya Rachma Maulida, and Vitrasia Vitrasia. "Desain antena MIMO 2×2 patch rectangular dengan u-slot pada frekuensi 3,5 GHz." JITEL (Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Elektronika, dan Listrik Tenaga) 1, no. 2 (2021): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jitel.v1.i2.2021.135-146.

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Semakin besarnya kebutuhan pengguna dalam sistem telekomunikasi di era sekarang membuat kebutuhan transmisi data pun harus semakin cepat dengan bandwidth yang lebar. Salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk menghadapi kebutuhan tersebut adalah teknik multiple input multiple output (MIMO) yang menerapkan sistem antena jamak di sisi pemancar dan penerima sehingga dapat meningkatkan kapasitas kanal agar dapat mentransmisikan data atau informasi dari beberapa antena secara bersamaan. Sistem MIMO juga memiliki keunggulan lain yaitu dapat mengatasi multipath fading. Antena ini dapat diaplikasika

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Nagaraj, Santosh V. "Spectrum Shaping to Avoid OFDM Interference to In-Band Radars in the U-NII Bands." IEEE Communications Letters 24, no. 12 (2020): 2819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.3020240.

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18

Carcangiu, Sara, Alessandra Fanni, and Augusto Montisci. "A Closed Form Selected Mapping Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Multicarrier Transmission." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051938.

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Nowadays, the demand for communication multi-carriers’ channels, where the sub-channels are made mutually independent by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), is widespread both for wireless and wired communication systems. Even if OFDM is a spectrally efficient modulation scheme, due to the allowed number of subcarriers, high data rate, and good coverage, the transmitted signal can present high peak values in the time domain, due to inverse fast Fourier transform operations. This gives rise to high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) with respect to single carrier systems. T

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Guo, Jiasheng, Tieliang Guo, Mingran Li, Thomas Wu, and Hangyu Lin. "Underwater-Acoustic-OFDM Channel Estimation Based on Deep Learning and Data Augmentation." Electronics 13, no. 4 (2024): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040689.

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In UnderWater-Acoustic-Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing-(UWA-OFDM) communication, the traditional interpolated channel estimation method produces error codes, due to the small number of user pilots, uneven distribution, and complex channel characteristics. In this paper, we propose a novel UWA-channel-estimation method based on Deep Learning (DL). First, based on a small number of channel samples, we used the CWGAN-GP model to generate enhanced classified underwater-acoustic channel samples to have semantic similarity to the real samples and also to present the diversity of the sampl

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Singh, Er Sukhjinder, Er Parvinder Singh, and Er Jasraj Singh. "The Performance Analysis of PAPR Reduction using a SLM technique at different parameters u and M in OFDM-MIMO System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-2 (2018): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd9518.

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21

Tang, Decai, Zhangming Shan, Junxia He, and Ziqian Zhao. "How Do Environmental Regulations and Outward Foreign Direct Investment Impact the Green Total Factor Productivity in China? A Mediating Effect Test Based on Provincial Panel Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (2022): 15717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315717.

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This paper investigates the impact of two types of environmental regulations (ERs), command-and-control environmental regulation (CACER) and market-incentive environmental regulation (MIER), on green total factor productivity (GTFP) through outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in 30 provinces in China for the period of 2006–2019. The Global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) Index based on non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) considering undesired outputs is used to measure GTFP growth at the provincial level. To explore the mediating effect of OFDI, the two-step econometric model and t

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Xiong, Deping, Mengyuan Yang, Qian Chen, et al. "How OFDI Promotes High-Technology Multinationals’ Innovation: From the Perspective of a Cross-Border Business Model." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031417.

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High-quality innovation in cross-border business models is the focus of innovative development. However, some enterprises are blindly obsessed with focusing on the quantity of innovation, while they neglect the quality of innovation. As a result, the quantity of innovation in cross-border business models is not proportional to the quality, and cross-border business models need continuous improvement. High-quality innovation in cross-border business models is also related to outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and knowledge absorptive capacity. The purpose of this study is to explore the r

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M.D., Rudolf Happle. "Síndrome EEC u OFD." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 95, no. 1 (2004): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-7310(04)79209-1.

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Pascual, José C., Isabel Betlloch, Gloria Vergara, Mar Blanes, José Bañuls, and Isabel Belinchón. "¿Síndrome EEC u OFD? Respuesta." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 95, no. 1 (2004): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-7310(04)79210-8.

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Ortega, R. "A nonlinear perturbation ofd 2 u/dx 2+λu,u(−∞)=u+∞)=0". Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata 152, № 1 (1988): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01766146.

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Zhou, Muqi, and Xuemei Wang. "Research on the Impact of Host Country Environmental Eegulations on China's OFDI under Different Investment Motivations——Empirical Research based on Panel Data of Asian Countries." Advances in Economics and Management Research 1, no. 1 (2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.1.1.184.

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This paper takes the panel data of China's OFDI in 28 Asian countries from 2008 to 2019 as a sample to empirically verify the impact of host country environmental regulations on OFDI under different investment motivations from a macro perspective. The empirical results show that: (1) China has obvious market seeking motivation, natural resources seeking motivation, and efficiency-seeking motivation for OFDI of Asian countries; (2) The host country's environmental regulations have a significant inhibitory effect on China's natural resource-seeking and efficiency-seeking OFDI in Asian countries,

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Chen, Chusheng, Yun Zhan, Changjun Yi, Xue Li, and Yenchun Jim Wu. "Psychic distance and outward foreign direct investment: the moderating effect of firm heterogeneity." Management Decision 58, no. 7 (2020): 1497–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2019-0731.

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PurposeThis study investigates the effect of psychic distance (PD) on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by multinational firms originating in emerging economies and the moderating effect of firm heterogeneity on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical analysis based on a negative binomial regression model is conducted using OFDI data from 2008 to 2017 on companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in China, an emerging economy.FindingsThe results suggest a U-shaped relationship between PD and OFDI by firms in emerging economies. Both executive foreign

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Shen, Li, Peter Koveos, Xiaodong Zhu, Fei Wen, and Jiaxian Liao. "Outward FDI and Entrepreneurship: The Case of China." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (2020): 5234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135234.

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Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from developing countries, like China, has been growing significantly so far. However, there is surprisingly little research on the effects of OFDI on the home county’s entrepreneurship. In this paper, we initially examine the characteristics of China’s OFDI during the country’s economic reform and opening up. We subsequently test for the hypothesis that Chinese OFDI, along with the Chinese entrepreneurial institutional environment and inward FDI, impacted entrepreneurial activities from the year of 2004 to 2015. We find that OFDI has an inverted “U” ef

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Papageorgiadis, Nikolaos, Yue Xu, and Constantinos Alexiou. "The Effect of European Intellectual Property Institutions on Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment." Management and Organization Review 15, no. 1 (2019): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2018.38.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of the strength of the Intellectual Property (IP) institutions of 23 European countries in attracting Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) during the time period 2003–2015. Following a dynamic panel data analysis methodology, we find that the strength of IP institutions has a positive effect in attracting higher levels of OFDI from China. This is an important finding for the OFDI literature from emerging markets, since previous studies have researched this relationship from the OFDI perspective of developed countries. However, we also find a wea

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Johns, Garry, and Karen Sleno. "Antipodal graphs and digraphs." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 16, no. 3 (1993): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171293000717.

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The antipodal graph of a graphG, denoted byA(G), has the same vertex set asGwith an edge joining verticesuandvifd(u,v)is equal to the diameter ofG. (IfGis disconnected, thendiam G=∞.) This definition is extended to a digraphDwhere the arc(u,v)is included inA(D)ifd(u,v)is the diameter ofD. It is shown that a digraphDis an antipodal digraph if and only ifDis the antipodal digraph of its complement. This generalizes a known characterization for antipodal graphs and provides an improved proof. Examples and properties of antipodal digraphs are given. A digraphDis self-antipodal ifA(D)is isomorphic

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Du, Hongping, Maoyan She, and Xuan Yu. "The role of international experience in speed of entry: Empirical evidence from Chinese innovative firms." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127503001.

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By analyzing the dynamic path of internationalization, this study attempts to explain the entry mode choice, location choice, and speed of entry in the process of internationalization from the learning results obtained from previous international activities. Our research shows that the speed of the entry process depends on the type of experiential learning generated by the implicit decision-making in the process of Internationalization: the entry mode choice and the market location choice. We find that the experience accumulated in the host country has an inverted U-shaped effect on the speed

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Li, Xiaoyong, and Caiyi Liang. "The Impact of Environmental Regulation on China’s OFDI: From the Perspective of Home Country." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3322324.

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Since China entered the stage of high-quality development, how to promote economic development and high-level protection of the ecological environment in a coordinated manner and implement the new development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing” is the country’s problem need to break through. Based on the connotation of the evolutionary logic of environmental regulation, this paper attempts to build a more scientific indicator of China’s environmental regulation and discusses the environmental regulation motivation of China’s OFDI from the home country’s perspect

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Gao, Chen, Ya Wen, and Deyong Yang. "Governance, financial development and China’s outward foreign direct investment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (2022): e0270581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270581.

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Deeply investigating the relationship between governance, financial development, and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is beneficial to formulating effective policies to accelerate Chinese firms’ pace of overseas expansion. Based on the theoretical mechanism analysis, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of Asian governance and financial development on China’s OFDI using the panel data of 37 Asian countries from 2003 to 2017. The results show that the host country governance has a negative and statistically significant impact on China’s direct investment in Asia. The conclusion re

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Fang, Hong, Bo Peng, Xu Wang, and Siran Fang. "The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in Host Economies on The Sustainable Development of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment—Evidence from a Cross-Country Sample." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (2019): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072100.

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Intellectual property rights protection (IPRP) has caused great concern in China, especially since the introduction of the Belt and Road (B&R) initiative. The Chinese government has increased investments to the countries along the B&R, most of which are developing countries with high investment risks. Using the panel data of China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in 121 countries from 2003 to 2017, the sustainable relationships between the IPRP of host countries and China’s OFDI has been analyzed. The results of this paper show that, from the worldwide perspective, the strong

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Saunders, James P., Lee R. Zehner, and Gilbert V. Levin. "Disposition ofd-[U-14C]Tagatose in the Rat." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 29, no. 2 (1999): S46—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1998.1251.

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Jiang, Hang, Peng Jiang, Peiyi Kong, Yi-Chung Hu, and Cheng-Wen Lee. "A Predictive Analysis of China’s CO2 Emissions and OFDI with a Nonlinear Fractional-Order Grey Multivariable Model." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (2020): 4325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104325.

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Since the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s total amount of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has increased each year and this has caused its relationship with carbon emissions (CO2e) to receive great attention recently. Forecasting China’s CO2e accurately by considering the impact of OFDI is important since the government can use it to formulate an appropriate emissions plan to fulfill its carbon reduction commitments. Because the relationship between OFDI and CO2e has nonlinear characteristics, a nonlinear grey multivariable model with fractional-order accumulati

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Lei, Xiao, Yuanyuan Xie, and Xianfeng Chen. "Does Fiscal Mechanism Affect the Promotion of Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Green Innovation?" Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2023 (November 10, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6630603.

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This study aims to investigate the driving mechanisms behind outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on regional green total factor innovation efficiency (GTFIE), focusing specifically on the external fiscal factor perspective. We measured the GTFIE using the super slacks-based model and established a threshold model using financial agglomeration and fiscal decentralization as moderating variables for empirical analysis. The findings indicate that the level of GTFIE in China is relatively low, with an average value of only 0.588 in the sample provinces. It is worth noting that there is a seri

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Ali, Faisal, and Muhammad Anwar Chaudhry. "Dependent Elements of Derivations on Semiprime Rings." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/696737.

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We characterize dependent elements of a commuting derivationdon a semiprime ringRand investigate a decomposition ofRusing dependent elements ofd. We show that there exist idealsUandVofRsuch thatU⊕Vis an essential ideal ofR,U∩V={0},d=0onU,d(V)⊆V, anddacts freely onV.

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Tan, Feifei, Hao Wan, Xiangjun Jiang, and Zhiyuan Niu. "The Impact of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Carbon Emission toward China’s Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 11605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111605.

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It is of practical significance to evaluate whether enhancing outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) can promote carbon mitigation under the new urbanization background toward China’s sustainable development and carbon neutrality. The impact of OFDI on carbon emissions is investigated from the dual perspectives of the urbanization threshold and the mediating path by using panel data from China’s 30 provinces during the period of 2003–2015 and considering both population and land. The results show that there is a significant impact from interprovincial OFDI on CO2 emissions with the double th

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Duan, Cheche, Yicheng Zhou, Dehong Shen, et al. "The Misunderstanding of China’s Investment, and a Clarification: “Faustian Bargain” or “Good Bargain”? On the OFDI Data of Central and Eastern Europe." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810281.

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The close development of the economic relations between China and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) since 2012 has triggered the European Union’s criticism of China’s foreign policy towards Eastern European countries. The European Union believes that China’s investment growth has led to a governance crisis in CEE countries. Based on the global governance indicators of the World Bank and the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) data of the Ministry of Commerce of China, this paper conducts a test using the panel data model and the regression discontinuity method. An imbalanced panel dataset

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de Paula Marques, Mateus, and Taufik Abrão. "Subcarrier and Power Allocation Algorithm for Spectral Efficiency Maximization in Superposition Coding OFDMA Systems." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 05 (2015): 1550061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500619.

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This paper addresses the optimization problem on subcarrier and power allocation of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system under spectral efficiency (SE) metric when deploying superposition coding (SC) transmission strategy. An algorithm with polynomial time complexity, of the order of (UN log 2(N)) has been proposed for sub-optimal SE maximization. Results indicate that the system SE increases with the use of SC technique. Besides, the throughput gain with SC adoption increases when the number of users (U) approaches the number of subcarriers (N) available in the system.

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Bouchitté, Guy, Irene Fonseca, and Jan Malý. "The effective bulk energy of the relaxed energy of multiple integrals below the growth exponent." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 128, no. 3 (1998): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500021600.

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The characterisation of the bulk energy density of the relaxation inW1, P(Ω; ℝd) of a functionalis obtained forp>q–q/N, whereu∈W1,P(Ω; ℝd), andfis a continuous function on the set ofd × Nmatrices verifyingfor some constantC> 0 and 1 ≦q< + ∞. Typical examples may be found in cavitation and related theories. Standard techniques cannot be used due to the gap between the exponentqof the growth condition and the exponent p of the integrability of the macroscopic strain ∇u. A recently introduced global method for relaxation and fine Sobolev trace and extension theorems are applied.

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Bramich, Narelle J., Helen M. Cousins, F. R. Edwards, and G. D. S. Hirst. "Parallel metabotropic pathways in the heart of the toad,Bufo marinus." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, no. 4 (2001): H1771—H1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.4.h1771.

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This study examined the transduction pathways activated by epinepherine in the pacemaker region of the toad heart. Recordings of membrane potential, force, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were made from arrested toad sinus venosus. Sympathetic nerve stimulation activated non-α-, non-β-adrenoceptors to evoke a membrane depolarization and a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. In contrast, the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (10 μM) caused membrane hyperpolarization and decreased [Ca2+]i. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (0.5 mM) mimicked the isoprenaline-

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Ladrière, Laurence, Viviane Leclercq-Meyer та Willy J. Malaisse. "Assessment of islet β-cell mass in isolated rat pancreases perfused with d-[3H]mannoheptulose". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, № 2 (2001): E298—E303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e298.

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d-mannoheptulose is apparently transported into cells mainly at the intervention of GLUT-2 and hence was recently proposed as a tool to label preferentially insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic gland. The validity of such a proposal was investigated in the present study conducted in isolated perfused pancreatic glands from control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After a 30-min equilibration period,d-[3H]mannoheptulose (0.1 mM) and [U-14C]sucrose (0.5 mM) were infused for 15 min in the presence of 30 mM d-glucose. The pancreatic glands were then perfused for 10 min with a nonra

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Li, Xinyu, Sunghwan Kim, and Yongshang Liu. "The Spillover Effects of Privatization on Efficiency and Income Inequality in China." International Academy of Global Business and Trade 19, no. 1 (2023): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2023.19.1.173.

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Purpose - This study examines the spatial and inter-temporal spillover effects of privatization on the corporate efficiency and regional income inequality of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Design/Methodology/Approach - The spatial Durbin model (SDM) is used in regressions to examine the spatial and inter-temporal spillover effects of the privatization of SOEs on improving the efficiency and income inequality of Chinese firms across regions. A panel dataset of Chinese-listed firms from 2008 to 2018 is used. The stochastic frontier analysis method is applied in estimating corporat

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Yu, Peirong, Qian Chen, Zuoliang Xiao, Karen Harnett, Piero Biancani, and Jose Behar. "Signal transduction pathways mediating CCK-induced gallbladder muscle contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 275, no. 2 (1998): G203—G211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.2.g203.

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The signal transduction that mediates CCK-induced contraction of gallbladder muscle was investigated in the cat. Contraction was measured by scanning micrometry in single muscle cells isolated enzymatically with collagenase. Production ofd- myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) was quantitated using HPLC and TLC, respectively. Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was determined by measuring the phosphorylation of a specific substrate peptide from myelin basic protein, Ac-MBP-(4—14). CCK-induced contraction was blocked by incubation in strontium medium, pertussis tox

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Hovorka, Roman, Fariba Shojaee-Moradie, Paul V. Carroll, et al. "Partitioning glucose distribution/transport, disposal, and endogenous production during IVGTT." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, no. 5 (2002): E992—E1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00304.2001.

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We have separated the effect of insulin on glucose distribution/transport, glucose disposal, and endogenous production (EGP) during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) by use of a dual-tracer dilution methodology. Six healthy lean male subjects (age 33 ± 3 yr, body mass index 22.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2) underwent a 4-h IVGTT (0.3 g/kg glucose enriched with 3–6% d-[U-13C]glucose and 5–10% 3- O-methyl-d-glucose) preceded by a 2-h investigation under basal conditions (5 mg/kg ofd-[U-13C]glucose and 8 mg/kg of 3- O-methyl-d-glucose). A new model described the kinetics of the two glucose tracers an

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Hankard, Régis G., Morey W. Haymond, and Dominique Darmaun. "Role of glucose in the regulation of glutamine metabolism in health and in type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 279, no. 3 (2000): E608—E613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.3.e608.

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To determine the effect of glucose availability on glutamine metabolism, glutamine kinetics were assessed under conditions of hyperglycemia resulting from 1) intravenous infusion of 7.5% dextrose in healthy adults and 2) insulin deficiency in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eight healthy adults and five young adults with IDDM were studied in the postabsorptive state by use of a primed continuous infusion ofd-[U-14C]glucose,l-[5,5,5-2H3]leucine, andl-[3,4-13C]glutamine. Whether resulting from insulin deficiency or dextrose infusion, the rise in plasma glucose was a

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Tu, Thomas, Magdalena A. Budzinska, Florian W. R. Vondran, Nicholas A. Shackel, and Stephan Urban. "Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration Occurs Early in the Viral Life Cycle in anIn VitroInfection Model via Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide-Dependent Uptake of Enveloped Virus Particles." Journal of Virology 92, no. 11 (2018): e02007-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02007-17.

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ABSTRACTChronic infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major contributor to liver disease worldwide. Though HBV replicates via a nuclear episomal DNA (covalently closed circular DNA [cccDNA]), integration of HBV DNA into the host cell genome is regularly observed in the liver in infected patients. While reported as a prooncogenic alteration, the mechanism(s) and timing of HBV DNA integration are not well understood, chiefly due to the lack ofin vitroinfection models that have detectable integration events. In this study, we have established anin vitrosystem in which integration can be rel

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Krishna, Kumar Patel Mahesh Chandra Mishra. "Optimization of Adaptive Smart Antennas for MIMO Systems in Broadband Communication." January 25, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14738825.

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<strong><u>Abstract:</u> </strong>The increasing demand for high-speed wireless communication and the growing complexity of data services have spurred remarkable advancements in telecommunications. Technologies such as WiFi, WiMAX/OFDMA, and 5G/LTE are converging to deliver seamless global connectivity and support user mobility [1]. The rapid development of mobile internet and multimedia applications has fueled research aimed at enhancing wireless communication systems [2]. Among these advancements, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) hav

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