Academic literature on the topic 'U.S. earth building'
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Journal articles on the topic "U.S. earth building"
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Real, Kevin, Andrea D. Mitnick, and William F. Maloney. "More Similar than Different: Millennials in the U. S. Building Trades." Journal of Business and Psychology 25, no. 2 (2010): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9163-8.
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Idrizi, Bashkim, and Mirdon Kurteshi. "Web System for Online and Onsite Usage of Geoinformation by Surveying Sector in Kosovo. Case Study: Ferizaj Municipality." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 3 (2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i3.13469.
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The purpose of research to determine and contribute in more efficient services to geoinformation stakeholders, as well as to give positive impact on increasing income in geo business sector, voluntary based web system for online usage of geoinformation in Kosovo has been developed. The method used was puting in to one place many sourcec via WMS and WFS services, by creating thematic SDI, in order to have online system with dynamic data comming from official databases with update from last day on 5 pm. System is open for usage by all interested parts, however official registration is required. It contains geoinformation from many databases such as cadastral, orthophoto, municipal, and basemaps from open layers. The results show that the system is extendable and it is permanently including new datasets based on the user requirements. All available data is linked via web services, which gives an opportunity to users to use the updated version of datasets as they are published by responsible institution via www (world wide web).
 Keywords: web map, geoportal, geoinformation, web services, Kosovo
 References
 Alameh. N, (2010). Service chaining of interoperable Geographic Information Web Services. Global Science and Technology. Greenbelt, USA.
 Brimicombe, A.J. (2002). GIS-where are the frontiers now. GIS 2002. Bahrain.
 Bryukhanova, E. A., Krupochkin, Y. P., & Rygalova, M. V. (2018). Geoinformation technologies in the reconstruction of the social space of siberian cities at the turn of the 19–20th centuries (case study of the city of tobolsk). Journal of Siberian Federal University - Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(8), 1229-1242. doi:10.17516/1997-1370-0303
 Chaudhuri, S. (2015). Application of Web Based Geographical Information Systems in e-business. Maldives.
 Davis, C.A. and Alves L.L. (2007). Geospatial web services, Vicosa, Brazil.
 ESRI. (2003). Spatial Data Standards and GIS interoperability. White paper. ESRI. CA. USA.
 Ferdousi, . and Al-Faisal, A. (2018). Urban and regional planning. Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology. Rajshahi. Bangladesh.
 Gitis, V., Derendyaev, A., & Weinstock, A. (2016). Web-based GIS technologies for monitoring and analysis of spatio-temporal processes. International Journal of Web Information Systems, 12(1), 102-124. doi:10.1108/IJWIS-10-2015-0032
 Glasze, G., & Perkins, C. (2015). Social and political dimensions of the OpenStreetMap project: Towards a critical geographical research agenda doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14280-7_8
 Henzen, C. (2018). Building a framework of usability patterns for web applications in spatial data infrastructures. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(11) doi:10.3390/ijgi7110446
 Idrizi, B. (2009). Developing of National Spatial Data Infrastructure of Macedonia according to global standardization (GSDI and INSPIRE) and local status. Conference of Nikodinovski. Skopje. Macedonia.
 Idrizi, B. (2018). General Conditions of Spatial Data Infrastructure. International Journal on Natural and Engineering Sciences. Turkey.
 Idrizi, B. Sulejmani, V. Zimeri, Z. (2018). Multi-scale map for three levels of spatial planning data sets for the municipality of Vitia in Kosova. 7th ICC&GIS conference. Sozopol. Bulgaria.
 Mwange, C., Mulaku, G. C., & Siriba, D. N. (2018). Reviewing the status of national spatial data infrastructures in africa. Survey Review, 50(360), 191-200. doi:10.1080/00396265.2016.1259720
 Nikolov, B. P., Zharkikh, J. I., Soloviev, A. A., Krasnoperov, R. I., & Agayan, S. M. (2015). Integration of data mining methods for earth science data analysis in GIS environment. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15(4) doi:10.2205/2015ES000559
 Sahin, K. and Gumusay, M.U. (2008). Service oriented architecture based web services for geographic information systems. The international archives of the remote sensing, photogrammetry and spatial information sciences. Vol XXXVII. Beijing. China.
 Sayar, A. (2008). GIS service oriented architecture. Community grids laboratory. IN, USA.
 Shi, S. (2015). Design and development of an online geoinformation service delivery of geospatial models in the united kingdom. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(10), 7069-7080. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4243-8
 Siles, G., Charland, A., Voirin, Y., & Bénié, G. B. (2019). Integration of landscape and structure indicators into a web-based geoinformation system for assessing wetlands status. Ecological Informatics, 52, 166-176. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.05.011
 Ummadi, P. (2008). Standards and Interoperability in GIS, Michigan State University. MI, USA.
 Vorobev, A. V., & Shakirova, G. R. (2016). Web-based geoinformation system for exploring geomagnetic field, its variations and anomalies doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29589-3_2
 Walter, V., & Sörgel, U. (2018). Implementation, results, and problems of paid crowd-based geospatial data collection. PFG - Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science, 86(3-4), 187-197. doi:10.1007/s41064-018-0058-z
 
 Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Sousa Feitosa, Maria Suzete, Jonas Alves Da Silva Neto, and Hikaro Kayo De Brito Nunes. "Notícias de jornal como procedimento metodológico para análise episódica (1985, 1995 e 2009) de enchentes do rio Poti em Teresina – Piauí." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 2 (2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.2.p507-521.
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R E S U M OO presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar, sob a utilização de notícias de jornal como procedimento metodológico, as enchentes do rio Poti na cidade de Teresina/Piauí, durante os episódios de 1985, 1995 e 2009. Metodologicamente, adotou-se: conhecimentos teóricos do Sistema Socioambiental Urbano; análise dos dados diários de chuva no período de 30 anos (1981 a 2010) manipulados pelo balanço hídrico climatológico; utilização de notícias de jornal (jornal O Dia e TV Cidade Verde); e, por fim, análise interpretativa. Dessa forma, em 1985 registrou-se o maior volume de precipitação naqueles últimos vinte anos, como expressa a capa do O Dia sobre a maior enchente dos últimos dez anos. No episódio de 1995, o Jornal O Dia destacou que após 20 dias consecutivos de chuvas o rio Poti ultrapassou em 6 metros a cota normal, em decorrência principalmente dos temporais à montante. Já no episódio de 2009, a imprensa local destacou que as chuvas são as maiores desde 2001 resultando no decreto de emergência na capital associado aos eventos pluviométricos intensos no período de janeiro a abril correspondendo a 87,7% do esperado para todo o ano. Destarte, o cruzamento de informações técnico-científicas e aquelas de notícias de jornal possibilitou compreender o processo de adensamento urbano, as dinâmicas das chuvas e como tal relação se comportou ao longo da faixa temporal, o que legitima uma série de construções e ressignificações da memória relacionando chuva, dinâmica do rio Poti e população ribeirinha.Palavras-chave: Chuva, Rio, Jornal, Episódio, Desastre, Teresina. Newspaper stories as a methodological procedure for episodic analysis (1985, 1995 and 2009) of the Poti river floods in Teresina – Piauí A B S T R A C TThis study aims to analyze, in the use of newspaper reports as a methodological procedure, the flooding of the river Poti in the city of Teresina / Piauí, during episodes of 1985, 1995 and 2009. In terms of methodology was adopted: theoretical knowledge System Social-Environmental Urban; analysis of daily rainfall data in the 30-year period (1981-2010) handled by the climatic water balance; use of newspaper reports (newspaper O Dia and TV Cidade Verde); and finally, interpretative analysis. Thus, in 1985 it was the one that registered the highest volume of rainfall in those last twenty years, as expressed the cover of O Dia of the greatest flood of the past ten years. In episode 1995 Jornal O Dia pointed out that, after 20 consecutive days of rain the Poti river exceeded 6 meters in the normal quota, mainly due to the time upstream. Already in the episode, 2009 local media pointed out that rainfall is the highest since 2001 resulting in the emergency decree in the capital associated with intense rainfall events in the period from January to April corresponding to 87.7% of the expected full-year. Thus, the intersection of technical and scientific information and those of newspaper news possible to understand the urban densification process, the dynamics of rainfall and how this relationship behaved along the temporal range, which legitimizes a number of buildings and reinterpretation of memory relating rain, dynamics and Poti river local population.Keywords: Rain, River, Newspaper, Episode, Disaster, Teresina.
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Aleksić, Ljiljana, and Vesna Kosorić. "Building Revitalization and Integration of Solar Systems in Sustainable Rural Tourism." Prostor 24, no. 1(51) (2016): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.24.1(51).8.
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Ovaj se rad bavi problematikom održivoga razvoja u ruralnome turizmu s osobitim osvrtom na obnovu zgrada i ugradnju solarnih sustava. U njemu se definiraju relevantni principi i kriteriji, razmatraju estetski, energetski, ekonomski, društveni i ekološki aspekti te analiziraju mogućnosti i rezultati. Rad prezentira i neke europske primjere održive obnove zgrada u održivom razvoju ruralnog turizma.
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Slater, Paul B. "Measuring Migration Fields of U. S. Counties." Geographical Analysis 16, no. 1 (2010): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1984.tb00801.x.
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Ng, Lisa C., Nelson Ojeda Quiles, W. Stuart Dols, and Steven J. Emmerich. "Weather correlations to calculate infiltration rates for U. S. commercial building energy models." Building and Environment 127 (January 2018): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.10.029.
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Gorshkov, A. V., M. Hermele, V. Gurarie, et al. "Two-orbital S U(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms." Nature Physics 6, no. 4 (2010): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1535.
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Abuarkub, Mumen. "Traditional Building Materials and Techniques in Palestine." Prostor 25, no. 1(53) (2017): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.25.1(53).9.
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U radu se istražuju načini gradnje i različiti graditeljski elementi: temelji, zidovi, otvori, svodovi, kupole, krovišta. Analizira se na koji način veličina zgrade i izbor materijala utječu na graditeljsku praksu s osobitim naglaskom na tehničke standarde i opis temeljnih građevnih materijala i tradicijskih načina gradnje za svaki graditeljski element tradicijske palestinske kuće.
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Lovett, Christopher C. "A Review of “The Cold War U. S. Army: Building Deterrence for Limited War”." History: Reviews of New Books 38, no. 3 (2010): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612751003771674.
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Liu, Wei, MengYuan Yang, Meng Xie, et al. "Accurate Building Extraction from Fused DSM and UAV Images Using a Chain Fully Convolutional Neural Network." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (2019): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242912.
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Accurate extraction of buildings using high spatial resolution imagery is essential to a wide range of urban applications. However, it is difficult to extract semantic features from a variety of complex scenes (e.g., suburban, urban and urban village areas) because various complex man-made objects usually appear heterogeneous with large intra-class and low inter-class variations. The automatic extraction of buildings is thus extremely challenging. The fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) developed in recent years have performed well in the extraction of urban man-made objects due to their ability to learn state-of-the-art features and to label pixels end-to-end. One of the most successful FCNs used in building extraction is U-net. However, the commonly used skip connection and feature fusion refinement modules in U-net often ignore the problem of feature selection, and the ability to extract smaller buildings and refine building boundaries needs to be improved. In this paper, we propose a trainable chain fully convolutional neural network (CFCN), which fuses high spatial resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and the digital surface model (DSM) for building extraction. Multilevel features are obtained from the fusion data, and an improved U-net is used for the coarse extraction of the building. To solve the problem of incomplete extraction of building boundaries, a U-net network is introduced by chain, which is used for the introduction of a coarse building boundary constraint, hole filling, and "speckle" removal. Typical areas such as suburban, urban, and urban villages were selected for building extraction experiments. The results show that the CFCN achieved recall of 98.67%, 98.62%, and 99.52% and intersection over union (IoU) of 96.23%, 96.43%, and 95.76% in suburban, urban, and urban village areas, respectively. Considering the IoU in conjunction with the CFCN and U-net resulted in improvements of 6.61%, 5.31%, and 6.45% in suburban, urban, and urban village areas, respectively. The proposed method can extract buildings with higher accuracy and with clearer and more complete boundaries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "U.S. earth building"
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Pfau, Charlotte [Verfasser], S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schweizer, R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wehrspohn, and U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Rogulis. "Low phonon energy glass ceramics for efficient rare-earth luminescence / Charlotte Pfau. Betreuer: S. Schweizer ; R. Wehrspohn ; U. Rogulis." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1076503195/34.
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Ng, Wai Pan. "Petrogenesis, U-Pb zircon geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Malaysian granite provinces in the Southeast Asian tin belt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f2f3942-6d64-4a17-b194-08672107aeb2.
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The Malaysian granitoids form the backbone of the Malay Peninsula and have long been recognized as composed of two distinct granitic provinces separated by the Bentong-Raub suture zone: <table><ol><li>Early Permian to Late Triassic Eastern Province (Indochina – East Malaya) with mainly “I-type” hornblende-bearing granitoids, associated with Cu-Au deposits, and subordinate hornblende-free pluton roof-zones hosting limited Sn-W deposits; and</li> <li>Late Triassic Main Range Province, western Malaysia (Sibumasu) with mainly “S-type” hornblende-free granitoids, associated with Sn-W deposits, and subordinate hornblende-bearing granitoids.</li></ol></table> Field observations and new geochemical data suggested that the division of the Eastern Province and Main Range granitoids using Chappell and White’s (1974) I-S classification could be problematic, as there is a large degree of overlap between the two granitic provinces in terms of lithology, mineralogy and metallogenic affinity. The Main Range granitoids are more fractionated than the hornblende-bearing Eastern Province. Although the two granitic provinces were emplaced into different continental terranes, both granitic provinces exhibit common trace element geochemistry in the enrichment of high field strength elements (HFSE) and rare earth elements (REE) compared to typical Cordilleran I-S granites. Such enrichment is interpreted as an inheritance signature from the protoliths. The Kontum massif (an analogue of Indochina lower continental crust) comprises intraplate ortho-amphibolites and para-gneisses, which could serve as two hypothetical source end-members for the Malaysian granitoids. The model suggests that the geneses of the parental magmas of the Eastern Province and the Main Range Province were related to hybridization of melts derived from protoliths, geochemically and isotopically similar to these two source end-members, but in differing proportions. The fact that the granites from the two granitic provinces are so similar compositionally and metallogenically, suggests that similar protoliths were involved in their source. The incorporation of sedimentary-sourced melt makes the Main Range granitoids transitional I/S-type in nature, but this is unlikely to be true for the less evolved Eastern Province fractionated I-type granitoids. The hybridization of igneous- and sedimentary-sourced melts, and granite fractionation promotes Sn metallogenesis in the Main Range granitic province. Previous ages were obtained using whole rock Rb-Sr and biotite K-Ar geochronology in the 1970s and 1980s, dating methods that almost certainly do not accurately represent the crystallization age of granites. New ion microprobe U-Pb zircon ages are presented that provide new temporal constraints for the Malaysian granitic magmatism. Eastern Province granitoids have U-Pb zircon ages that range from 289 to 220 Ma, while Main Range Province magmatism is constrained between 227 and 201 Ma. A progressive westward younging trend is apparent across the Eastern Province, but becomes less obvious in the Main Range Province. In addition, the U-Pb zircon analysis of the Malaysian granitoids suggests that both granitic provinces have Cambro-Ordovician and Mesoproterozoic inheritance signatures, which match the ages of the Kontum intraplate ortho-amphibolites and para-gneisses, the two source end-members of the suspected Indochina basement. Two different tectonic models have been suggested to explain the formation and the emplacement of the Malaysian granitoids. Both models involve an east-dipping subduction zone during the Early and Mid-Triassic with Palaeo-Tethys lithosphere rolling back along the Bentong-Raub suture zone to produce westward younging ages in the Eastern Province granitoids. The first model (modified after Searle et al. 2012) suggests the younger Main Range granitoids were produced by another Late Triassic – Cretaceous east-dipping (Neo-Tethyan) subduction to the west of Sibumasu, after the Sibumasu – East Malaya collision. The transitional I/S-type geochemistry of the Main Range granitoids was caused by the partial melting of the more heterogeneous Sibumasu basement. The second model (Oliver et al. 2014) suggests the younger Main Range granitoids were produced by the westward underthrusting of Indochina crust of East Malaya beneath Sibumasu along the Bentong-Raub suture zone after the continental collision. In this model, the source of the Main Range granitoids was the pre-collision I-type Eastern Province granitoids. The second model is less likely, as no geological evidence for such underthrust is found in the Malay Peninsula.
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Bařinová, Anna. "Nová Jižní čtvrť a její propojení s řekou Svratkou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402987.
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Despite a few decades of discussion and the existence of all the studies on the transfer of the Brno Main Station to the river and the subsequent construction of the new Trnitá district, it has not been decided on the exact architectural form of these major urban interventions. In my pre-diploma thesis, I worked out an urban study of a new southern district - Trnitá, which gave above all a functional and mass form of the territory. This location will be extremely interesting for both the city's visitors, who will be moving from the station to the center, and of course for the potential new residents of the district. The district offers a unique combination of city life and recreation in the immediate vicinity of the natural river and park features. For a more detailed elaboration, I chose a building within a walk-through block by a river consisting of two buildings. My goal was to create a new scenery for what's happening in the neighborhood, to design new scenarios for how we can look at blocks. Given the contact with the waterfront and the river, I decided to propose both private and public functions. An important role is played by the courtyard, which defines a private space (a raised platform intended only for the residents of the house) and a public space - a creative center courtyard using a raised part as a residence bench. The mass of the house is horizontally divided into two parts. The first and second floors belong to the creative center, which is transparent with distinctive stone columns. An important goal was to show the life and movement of the center and its openness to new people and ideas - access from the yard. From the third floor there are apartments that are terraced and offer views of the river and roof terraces of deluxe apartments.
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.
Full textBooks on the topic "U.S. earth building"
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Lizarralde, Daniel. Crustal structure of rifted and convergent margins: The U. S. East Coast and Aleutian Margins. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1997.
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Duhovni genocid: Pregled porušenih, oštećenih i obesvećenih crkava, manastira i drugih crkvenih objekata u ratu 1991-1993 = Spiritual genocide : a survey of destroyed, damaged, and desecrated churches, monasteries, and other church building[s] during the war 1991-1993. 2nd ed. Muzej srpske pravoslavne crkve, 1994.
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Men at work: Labourers and building craftsmen in the towns of Northern England, 1450-1750. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
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Rubin, Ruth Bloch. Building the Bloc: Intraparty Organization in the U. S. Congress. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
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Rubin, Ruth Bloch. Building the Bloc: Intraparty Organization in the U. S. Congress. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
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Olson, Valerie. Into the Extreme: U. S. Environmental Systems and Politics Beyond Earth. University of Minnesota Press, 2018.
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Woronkowicz, Joanna, D. Carroll Joynes, and Norman Bradburn. Building Better Arts Facilities: Lessons from a U. S. National Study. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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Boynton, Xiaoqing Lu, and Conor M. Savoy. U. S.-China Parallel Development Assistance Goals: Building on Common Interests. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2012.
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Royce, Richard T. Trade Capacity Building: Analyses of U. S. Assistance to Developing Countries. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "U.S. earth building"
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Sundararajan, Louise. "Dwelling Poetically: A Heideggerian Interpretation of Ssu-K’ung T’ u’ s Poetics." In Heaven, Earth, and In-Between in the Harmony of Life. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0247-6_12.
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Waugh, William J., Edward P. Glenn, Perry H. Charley, Marnie K. Carroll, Beverly Maxwell, and Michael K. O’Neill. "Helping Mother Earth Heal: Diné College and Enhanced Natural Attenuation Research at U. S. Department of Energy Uranium Processing Sites on Navajo Land." In Stakeholders and Scientists. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8813-3_6.
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Collins, Jim. "“If You Can Read, You Can Write, or Can You, Really?”." In New Directions in Book History. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53614-5_16.
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AbstractThe popular literary culture that emerged in the late 1990 s depended on a number of interdependent factors that formed a unique media ecology—book clubs (actual, online, televisual) literary bestsellers, Amazon.com, high-concept adaptation films, “superstore” bookstore chains, etc. The reading cultures generated by that media ecology were unified by certain overarching values, none more significant than the empowerment of amateur readers who were driven by the conviction that passionate reading was equal, if not superior to the bloodless close reading of professionalized readers. While the latter required a long apprenticeship, the former was guided by a self-imaging process that was fueled by a reading advice industry that provided confidence-building measures to validate that reading. The empowerment of readers depended on knowing where to look for both expertise and validation. Or, to put it another way, quality reading depended less on native intelligence, or a university education, and more on the ability to search and filter. Many of the factors that led to a fundamental recalibration of the relationship between amateur and professionalized reading have also changed the relationship between amateur and professional writing. I want to focus on the deeply conflicted perspectives concerning how the craft of writing is taught, or even can be taught, that have emerged over the past year in North American Literary cultures, in three contemporary novels, Tommy Orange’s There There (2018), Sigrid Nunez’s The Friend (2018) and Ocean Vuong’s On Earth We are Briefly Gorgeous (2019).
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Herz, Norman, and Ervan G. Garrison. "Applications of Stable Isotopes in Archaeological Geology." In Geological Methods for Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090246.003.0020.
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Isotopic ratios of elements in natural materials on the earth either have been constant in time and space or have varied as a result of radioactive decay or geochemical fractionation. Elements which show variations in isotopic abundances in different samples and the reasons for these variations have helped resolve many geological and archaeological problems. Radioactive decay has provided absolute dating clocks: for archaeology, the most useful systems have been associated with 14C, 40Ar, and U-disequilibrium series. Variations in isotopic ratios of the stable elements H, C, O, N, S, Sr, and Pb have helped solve problems of provenance, paleoenvironments, and paleodiets. The rationale for isotopic variations of individual elements will determine the types of applications to archaeological geology. The most important applications are the determinations of artifact signatures, paleodiet, and paleoenvironment. Isotopic fractionation of light elements by physical, chemical, and biological processes is controlled by those thermodynamic properties which are determined by atomic weight and electronic configuration. Thermodynamic properties of molecules that are mass and temperature dependent include energy, which decreases with decreasing temperature, and vibrational frequency, which varies inversely in proportion to the square root of the reduced mass. Easily measurable isotopic separation is generally restricted to the lighter elements, that is, with atomic weights less than 40. Because isotopic fractionation is mass dependent, the separation is greater for elements with the greater mass difference between isotopes. The greatest separation is expected for hydrogen (mass 1) versus deuterium (mass 2); the other light elements commonly have isotopic differences closer to 10%. Thus, the lighter isotopes have higher vibrational energy and their chemical bonds are more easily broken. The different reactivity of lighter versus heavier isotopes of an element is responsible for their separation during geochemical and biological processes. Thermodynamic behavior has been considered a principal cause for variations, not in isotopic abundances of the heavier elements Sr and Pb, but rather in abundances of their parent radionuclides: Rb for Sr and U and Th for Pb. Recently, however, P. Budd and others suggested that under nonequilibrium conditions, fractionation could theoretically take place among the lead isotopes.
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Vincent, David. "Arresting carbon dioxide emissions: why and how?" In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0004.
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This chapter sets the scene for future chapters covering a range of low carbon technologies from renewables through to nuclear. It reviews how the evidence base for climate change is building up, what the impacts of climate change might be, and how we are beginning to explore the policies and measures which will be needed to make the transition to a low carbon economy. The year 2005 will go down in history as the beginnings of a broad, politically backed consensus that man’s activity is influencing our climate. In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol came into force—binding over 170 countries in action to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, accepted by most informed commentators to be the principal cause of anthropogenically forced climate change. In the same year, the G8 group of countries at Gleneagles, Scotland, considered climate change as a key agenda item. Significantly, it set up a forum for discussion with other countries and the emerging economies. The forum, known as the ‘Dialogue on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development’ met for the first time in November 2005. However, the value of the Kyoto protocol is not universally acknowledged. Some argue that although the science underpinning the existence of climate change and the link with carbon dioxide emissions has become unequivocal, the Kyoto protocol is not appropriate for them. A group of these countries, including the US, China, and India (huge emitters of carbon dioxide in their own right) has agreed the need to tackle climate change. Their approach is to promote clean technology development initiatives; though how exactly that partnership will evolve and deliver new low carbon technologies is not, at the time of writing, clear. Nevertheless, whether via the formalized Kyoto Protocol with carbon dioxide emission reduction targets or via other initiatives, a start has been made on the long, uncertain road to a low carbon world. Slowly, but surely, global action on climate change is gathering momentum. The term ‘greenhouse effect’ was first coined by the French mathematician Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier in 1827. It enables and sustains a broad balance between solar radiation received and Earth’ s radiation emitted or reflected.
Conference papers on the topic "U.S. earth building"
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East, E. William. "An Overview of the U. S. National building Information Model Standard (NBIMS)." In International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering 2007. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40937(261)8.
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Leonhardt, Eric, Ben Vos, and Richard Riels. "Cow Power to Horsepower: Building a Pilot Plant to Operate a Bus on Dairy Cow-Derived Biomethane." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39266.
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A pilot facility to capture, upgrade and compress biomethane from a dairy cow-based anaerobic digester is being constructed by the Western Washington University Vehicle Research Institute at the Vander Haak Dairy. A faculty and student team has designed the facility and undertaken its construction. The facility will provide fuel for an Airporter Shuttle/Bellair coach that will operate along the U. S. Interstate 5 corridor from near the U. S./Canadian border to the SeaTac Airport south of Seattle, Washington. The facility is designed to study and develop a renewable energy source for transportation in Whatcom County. This paper examines the benefits of the Biomethane for Transportation project, the challenges facing dairy-derived biomethane and an overview of the system design and construction.
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Lippolis, G., E. Petagna, G. Ragazzo, and P. Tortorelli. "Melt Treatment for Conditioning of Drums Produced During Soil Reclamation of Low Activity Trenches." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-5005.
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In the past years, many studies had been carried out in the ITREC Plant, located in ENEA – Trisaia Research Centre, in the field of nuclear fuel reprocessing and with re-fabrication techniques to the Th-233U cycle as an alternative to the U-Pu cycle. During these activities low level solid wastes were produced, containerised, stored into trenches and progressively covered with earth. In the 1980’s the trenches were reclaimed obtaining 3000 drums (200 liter volume) of solid LLW and about 6000 drums of low contaminated soil. In this presentation are described the action of reclamation of the trenches, sealing the low contaminated soil, and the melting campaign of contaminated drums.
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Machado, Antonio Jaschke. "The effect of buildings on atmospheric turbulence in open spaces in Western São Paulo State, Brazil." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.4832.
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This paper seeks to identify a pattern of air turbulence that reflects the effect of buildings on air turbulence characteristics measured in open spaces in Western São Paulo State, Brazil. Atmospheric turbulence was estimated using high-frequency observations of the three orthogonal wind components (u, v, w). A CSAT3 sonic anemometer from Campbell Scientific Inc. (CSI) was deployed on the roof of a building, and the turbulent components (u', v', w') were systematically measured and recorded at 0.1 s and 5 min intervals, respectively, over 100 days between the end of summer (March 2015) and beginning of winter (July 2015) with a CR3000 automatic data acquisition system (CSI). The data analysis took into account the diurnal and nocturnal variability of the turbulence, and the experimental results revealed the existence of a daily vertical circulation pattern. The w component varied between 15 and 45 cm.s-1 on average, and the turbulent fluctuations observed indicated that an ascending component with a speed of up to 1 m.s-1 predominated during the middle of the day and early afternoon. Throughout the night until the early hours of the morning, a less robust, subsiding component with a speed of up to 0.5 m.s-1 was observed. The mean horizontal flow (u, v) was low-speed (around 1 m.s-1) and predominantly from the southeast. There was a consistent change in the direction of this wind, which changed to easterly during the morning as the ascending branch developed. We propose a model for air circulation close to the surface in which this change in direction of the wind is the main effect of the building on the observed turbulence.
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Pu, Jun-Ping, C. S. Tsai, Jian-Fa Huang, Bo-Jen Chen, and Yao-Min Fang. "Analysis and Experiment on the Effect of Seismic Protection of Buildings by High Damping Rubber Bearings." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2959.
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In recent years, many studies on base isolation strategies and devices have been developed and applied in U. S. A., Europe, Japan, and New Zealand. The high damping rubber bearing belongs to one kind of the earthquake-proof ideas of base isolation technologies. The installation of high damping rubber bearings can lengthen the natural period of a building and simultaneously reduce the earthquake-induced energy trying to impart to the building. The objective of this paper is to investigate the base isolation effect of high damping rubber bearings. The uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial shaking table tests were performed to study the seismic behavior of a 0.4-scale three-story isolated steel structure in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan. The experimental and analytical results show that the nonlinear mechanical characteristics of the high damping rubber bearings can be reasonably simulated.
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Tsai, C. S., B. J. Chen, and T. C. Chiang. "Shaking Table Tests of Full Scale Base-Isolated Structures." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1453.
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Conventional earthquake resistant designs depend on strengthen and ductility of the structural components to resist induced forces and to dissipate seismic energy. However, this can produce permanent damage to the joints as well as the larger interstory displacements. In recently years, many studies on structural control strategies and devices have been developed and applied in U. S. A., Europe, Japan, and New Zealand. The rubber bearing belongs to one kind of the earthquake-proof ideas of structural control technologies. The installation of rubber bearings can lengthen the natural period of a building and simultaneously reduce the earthquake-induced energy trying to impart to the building. They can reduce the magnitude of the earthquake-induced forces and consequently reduce damage to the structures and its contents, and reduce danger to its occupants. This paper is aimed at studying the mechanical behavior of the stirrup rubber bearings (SRB) and evaluating the feasibility of the buildings equipped with the stirrup rubber bearings. Furthermore, uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial shaking table tests are conducted to study the seismic response of a full-scale three-story isolated steel structure. Experimental results indicate that the stirrup rubber bearings possess higher damping ratios at higher strains, and that the stirrup rubber bearings provide good protection for structures. It has been proved through the full-scale tests on shaking table that the stirrup rubber bearing is a very promising tool to enhance the seismic resistibility of structures.
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Shi, Zhongming, Shanshan Hsieh, Bhargava Krishna Sreepathi, Jimeno A. Fonseca, François Maréchal, and Arno Schlueter. "Coarse typological studies on urban program and density defined by various urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5636.
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Coarse typological studies on urban program and density defined by various urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore. Zhongming Shi1,2, Shanshan Hsieh1,2,3, Bhargava Krishna Sreepathi1,2, Jimeno A. Fonseca1,2, François Maréchal1,3, Arno Schlueter1,2 1 Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, 1 Create Way, CREATE Tower, 138602 Singapore 2 Architecture and Building Systems, Institute of Technology in Architecture, ETH Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering Group, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland E-mail: shi@arch.ethz.ch, nils.schueler@epfl.ch, hsieh@arch.ethz.ch, sebastien.cajot@epfl.ch, fonseca@arch.ethz.ch, francois.marechal@epfl.ch, schlueter@arch.ethz.ch Keywords: Urban typology, urban form, energy technology, urban program, density Conference topics and scale: Efficient use of resources in sustainable cities Cities consume about three quarters of global primary energy. Compared to the beginning of the Twentieth Century, the urban area is expected to triple by 2030. The future urban energy performance is substantially influenced by how the urban area is planned, designed, and built. New energy technologies have enabled new possibilities of the urban form. For example, a district cooling system can free the building rooftops for more architectural design options, like an infinity pool or a sky garden. Vice versa, to maximize the energy performance, some new energy technologies enforce some specific requirements on the urban forms, like the urban form and density. We apply a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation to identify the optimal allocation of energy demand density and energy systems (e.g. district cooling network) subject to resource availability and energy (or environmental) performance targets (e.g. renewable share). The optimized energy demand density can be translated into urban program combinations and density ranges and gradients. To build the model, we survey the prevailing energy conversion technologies and their costs. Based on the local standards of Singapore, we derive the energy profiles and demand densities of buildings with different programs. We adopt a real case study in Singapore to test the target energy technologies. Adjacent to the existing central business district, the site, currently a container terminal, has an area around 1,000 hectares. Upon the relocation of the terminal in 10 years, the energy technologies, the density, and the program of the site have a variety of possibilities. This paper builds a series of coarse urban typologies in terms of urban program and density when adopting different urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore. Furthermore, the general density and the density gradient may vary when the size of these energy infrastructures alters. In an integrated urban design process involving energy considerations, the urban designer can refer these urban typologies for rules on the general density, the density gradient, and the urban program combination based on the selected energy technologies. On the other way, these urban typologies can also help on the selection of energy technologies to accommodate the target urban density and program. References (100 words) Ratti, C., Baker, N., and Steemers, K. (2005). Energy consumption and urban texture. Energy Build. 37, 762–776. Salat, S. (2009). Energy loads, CO2 emissions and building stocks: morphologies, typologies, energy systems and behaviour. Build. Res. Inf. 37, 598–609. Seto, K.C., Güneralp, B., and Hutyra, L.R. (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 16083–16088. UN-Habitat (2012). Energy. [Online]. Available: http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/energy. [Accessed:08-Nov-2016].
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Selva-Royo, Juan Ramón, Nuño Mardones, and Alberto Cendoya. "Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5261.
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Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries. Juan R. Selva-Royo¹, Nuño Mardones¹, Alberto Cendoya² ¹University of Navarra, School of Architecture, Department of Theory and Design, University of Navarra Campus, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; ²University of Navarra, ICS, Navarra Center for International Development, University of Navarra Campus, 31080, Pamplona, Spain E-mail: jrselva@unav.es, nmardones@unav.es, cendoya.alberto@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Data planning, metropolitan areas, big data, urban extent, good governance Conference topics and scale: Cartography and big data Nowadays, there is a great gap between the functional reality of urban agglomerations and their planning, largely because of the traditional linkage of urban management to the administrative limits inherited from the past. It is also true that the regulation of urban activities, including census and statistical information, requires a closer view of its citizens that can only be addressed from the municipal level. In any case, it is clear that the metropolitan delimitation has met useful but often ethereal or exclusionary criteria (economic or labor patterns, functional areas...), which become disfigured by an administrative reality that does not always correspond to the real metropolis. This paper, aware of the new cartographic possibilities linked to the big data - CORINE Land Cover, SIOSE, multi-sector digital atlases (in many cases referred to the urban extent, etc.) and other open system platforms - explores the evidence that might base a new objective methodology for the delimitation and planning of large urban areas. Indeed, what if basic data for cities would arise not from administrative entities but from independent outside approaches such as satellite imagery? What if every single sensing unit (every citizen, company, building or vehicle) directly issued relevant and dynamic information without going through the municipal collection? Finally, the research analyzes the eventual implications of this data-based planning with administrative structures and urban planning competencies in force through some current case studies, with the purpose of achieving a more efficient and clear metropolitan governance for our planet. References (100 words) Aguado, M. (coord.) (2012) Áreas Urbanas +50. Información estadística de las Grandes Áreas Urbanas españolas 2012 (Centro de Publicaciones Secretaría General Técnica Ministerio de Fomento, Madrid). Angel, S. (dir.) (2016) Atlas of Urban Expansion (http://www.atlasofurbanexpansion.org) accessed 29 January 2017. Brenner, N. and Katsikis, N. (2017) Is the World Urban? Towards a Critique of Geospatial Ideology (Actar Publishers, New York). Florczyk, A. J., Ferri, S., Syrris, V., Kemper, T., Halkia, M., Soille, P., and Pesaresi, M. (2016). ‘A New European Settlement Map from Optical Remotely Sensed Data’, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, 1978-1992.
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Mikheykin, S. V., P. P. Poluektov, S. L. Khrabrov, A. Yu Smirnov, and V. P. Simonov. "D&D Experience in VNIINM." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4769.
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Since the mid-1960s the VNIINM has been developing decontamination techniques for a variety of materials and contaminants for Russian nuclear engineering needs. 1. Early in the development, chemical decontamination was the most commonly used method. According to the nature of contaminants and contaminated material, mineral acids, alkali, mineral and organic oxidants and reductants were used. For best results, complex forming agents were sometimes added. However, in spite of widespread use of chemical decontamination at the USSR nuclear facilities, this technique has a drawback of producing a great deal of secondary liquid radwaste. Since the early 1970s attention has focused on the reduction of radwaste. Currently, optimized electrochemical and strippable coating methods are showing the greatest promise. 2. A low-waste dry decontamination technique based on application of readily strippable polymeric (protecting, decontaminating, immobilizing) coats has been developed and tested in the laboratory and wide scale. A low-waste dry decontamination technique based on application of readily strippable polymeric (protecting, decontaminating, immobilizing) coats has been developed and tested in the laboratory and wide scale. 3. VNIINM has developed a few electrochemical decontamination procedures and equipment surface decontamination. 4. One of VNIINM’s laboratory rooms which had been put to prolonged storage after an incidental alpha-radioactivity release was chosen for tests and demonstration. At first, the radioactivity levels inside the room on all the surfaces were measured. On outer surfaces, the alpha-activity was 1–15 α-particles/min.cm2, the gammaactivity varied from 720 to 2880 mkrem/s. The room was equipped with instrumentation and apparatures located in three chains of gloveboxes and hot cells for handling Pu-bearing materials. Continuous checks of the airborne radioactivity and the personnel residence time inside the room were performed. 5. Old Pu extraction facility (U-5) was decontaminated and decommissioning in VNIINM in 1999–2000. This facility is a system of interconnected working areas housing process equipment located in 4 floor building and includes more than 20 laboratories rooms, 2 “hot cells”, few sealed contaminated rooms and two extraction shaft. Industrial separation technologies have been tested on the facility for 20 years since 1947. The first USSR Pu was obtained here. Practically all rooms were contaminated with Pu, Cs, Sr etc. The experimental equipment of two hot cells (63 m2 each cell) control and service rooms was decontaminated and certified. The dissolution equipment, the metering tank compartment was decommissioned and removed. 16 laboratory rooms with a total area of 300 m2 were rehabilitated and certified. The amount of waste removed exceeded 12 500 kg. All rooms rehabilitated were certified and accepted by sanitary control service for further use. 6. At the time old contaminated room contains a non standard radiochemical equipment includes glove boxes is under decommissioning procedure. This project started at 2002.
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Nickell, Robert E. "Nuclear Plant Structures: Resistance to Aircraft Impact." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1806.
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Reinforced concrete structures at nuclear power plants in the United States, in particular containment structures, are designed to be extremely robust and rugged. The ruggedness and robustness of containment structures can be attributed to their design basis, which includes pressure and thermal loads from severe reactor and primary coolant circuit accident events. In addition, the inherent structural integrity of these structures is demonstrated by the degree of protection provided against severe natural phenomena, such as earthquake loads, tornado missiles, floods, and fires. To some extent, the design basis also requires an evaluation of the potential for an aircraft impact accident, depending upon proximity of the plant to airports and the potential frequency of take-off and landing accident occurrence. In order to evaluate potential damage to nuclear power plant concrete structures and other hardened concrete structures from accidental or intentional aircraft impact, some analytical and experimental simulations have been carried out over the past two or three decades. The most recent effort was carried out for the U.S. nuclear power industry by EPRI, at the request of the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI). The EPRI contractors were ABS Consulting of Irvine, California; Anatech Corporation of San Diego, California; and ERIN Engineering and Research, Inc. of Walnut Creek, California. The early phases of the effort were concerned only with nuclear power plant structures that house nuclear fuel, such as PWR and BWR containment structures, PWR and BWR spent fuel storage pools, dry spent fuel storage systems, and spent fuel transportation casks. A classified final report on these early phases was completed in February 2003 and the results have been reported to the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). This presentation is based upon the portion of the results that have been released publicly by NEI. The reference aircraft chosen for the analyses is a Boeing 767-400 traveling at a velocity of 350 miles per hour. The maximum takeoff weight for this aircraft is approximately 450,000 pounds, which includes 23,980 gallons of fuel. It has a wingspan of 170 feet, an overall length of 201 feet, a fuselage diameter of 16.5 feet, and two engines weighing 9,500 pounds each. Three representative containment designs were analyzed: (1) reinforced concrete with a ferritic steel liner, (2) post-tensioned concrete with a ferritic steel liner, and (3) free-standing steel surrounded by a reinforced concrete shield building. All containment designs in the United States were represented by one of these three designs. Two spent fuel storage pools were analyzed, one representing typical PWR pools and the other representing typical BWR pools. Both have stainless steel liners. Three representative dry spent fuel storage systems were analyzed: (1) a vertical concrete storage cask encased in steel; (2) a vertical metal storage cask; and (3) a horizontal concrete storage module. Finally, a metal transport cask tied down on a rail car was analyzed. In all containment cases analyzed, no breach of the containment boundary was found, even though substantial damage to the concrete and deformation of the metallic shell or liner was observed. Similarly, the stainless steel pool liners ensure that, although localized crushing and cracking of the concrete walls is observed, no pool cooling water is lost. For the vertical concrete cask, the stainless steel canister housing the spent fuel assemblies is not breached although there was crushing and cracking of the concrete enclosure at the area of impact. For the vertical metal cask, the cask is dented, but not breached. Similarly, although the damage to the horizontal concrete storage module is substantial, there is no breach of the enclosed canister. The analysis of the transport cask showed that the cask body withstands the impact from the direct engine strike without breaching. The forces on the container are comparable to the forces associated with the impact design basis for these casks.
Reports on the topic "U.S. earth building"
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Dols, W. Stuart, and Andrew Persily. Ventilation and air quality investigation of the U. S. Geological Survey Building. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4126.
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