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Journal articles on the topic 'U.S. earth building'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Real, Kevin, Andrea D. Mitnick, and William F. Maloney. "More Similar than Different: Millennials in the U. S. Building Trades." Journal of Business and Psychology 25, no. 2 (2010): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9163-8.

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2

Idrizi, Bashkim, and Mirdon Kurteshi. "Web System for Online and Onsite Usage of Geoinformation by Surveying Sector in Kosovo. Case Study: Ferizaj Municipality." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 3 (2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i3.13469.

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The purpose of research to determine and contribute in more efficient services to geoinformation stakeholders, as well as to give positive impact on increasing income in geo business sector, voluntary based web system for online usage of geoinformation in Kosovo has been developed. The method used was puting in to one place many sourcec via WMS and WFS services, by creating thematic SDI, in order to have online system with dynamic data comming from official databases with update from last day on 5 pm. System is open for usage by all interested parts, however official registration is required. It contains geoinformation from many databases such as cadastral, orthophoto, municipal, and basemaps from open layers. The results show that the system is extendable and it is permanently including new datasets based on the user requirements. All available data is linked via web services, which gives an opportunity to users to use the updated version of datasets as they are published by responsible institution via www (world wide web). Keywords: web map, geoportal, geoinformation, web services, Kosovo References Alameh. N, (2010). Service chaining of interoperable Geographic Information Web Services. Global Science and Technology. Greenbelt, USA. Brimicombe, A.J. (2002). GIS-where are the frontiers now. GIS 2002. Bahrain. Bryukhanova, E. A., Krupochkin, Y. P., & Rygalova, M. V. (2018). Geoinformation technologies in the reconstruction of the social space of siberian cities at the turn of the 19–20th centuries (case study of the city of tobolsk). Journal of Siberian Federal University - Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(8), 1229-1242. doi:10.17516/1997-1370-0303 Chaudhuri, S. (2015). Application of Web Based Geographical Information Systems in e-business. Maldives. Davis, C.A. and Alves L.L. (2007). Geospatial web services, Vicosa, Brazil. ESRI. (2003). Spatial Data Standards and GIS interoperability. White paper. ESRI. CA. USA. Ferdousi, . and Al-Faisal, A. (2018). Urban and regional planning. Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology. Rajshahi. Bangladesh. Gitis, V., Derendyaev, A., & Weinstock, A. (2016). Web-based GIS technologies for monitoring and analysis of spatio-temporal processes. International Journal of Web Information Systems, 12(1), 102-124. doi:10.1108/IJWIS-10-2015-0032 Glasze, G., & Perkins, C. (2015). Social and political dimensions of the OpenStreetMap project: Towards a critical geographical research agenda doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14280-7_8 Henzen, C. (2018). Building a framework of usability patterns for web applications in spatial data infrastructures. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(11) doi:10.3390/ijgi7110446 Idrizi, B. (2009). Developing of National Spatial Data Infrastructure of Macedonia according to global standardization (GSDI and INSPIRE) and local status. Conference of Nikodinovski. Skopje. Macedonia. Idrizi, B. (2018). General Conditions of Spatial Data Infrastructure. International Journal on Natural and Engineering Sciences. Turkey. Idrizi, B. Sulejmani, V. Zimeri, Z. (2018). Multi-scale map for three levels of spatial planning data sets for the municipality of Vitia in Kosova. 7th ICC&GIS conference. Sozopol. Bulgaria. Mwange, C., Mulaku, G. C., & Siriba, D. N. (2018). Reviewing the status of national spatial data infrastructures in africa. Survey Review, 50(360), 191-200. doi:10.1080/00396265.2016.1259720 Nikolov, B. P., Zharkikh, J. I., Soloviev, A. A., Krasnoperov, R. I., & Agayan, S. M. (2015). Integration of data mining methods for earth science data analysis in GIS environment. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15(4) doi:10.2205/2015ES000559 Sahin, K. and Gumusay, M.U. (2008). Service oriented architecture based web services for geographic information systems. The international archives of the remote sensing, photogrammetry and spatial information sciences. Vol XXXVII. Beijing. China. Sayar, A. (2008). GIS service oriented architecture. Community grids laboratory. IN, USA. Shi, S. (2015). Design and development of an online geoinformation service delivery of geospatial models in the united kingdom. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(10), 7069-7080. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4243-8 Siles, G., Charland, A., Voirin, Y., & Bénié, G. B. (2019). Integration of landscape and structure indicators into a web-based geoinformation system for assessing wetlands status. Ecological Informatics, 52, 166-176. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.05.011 Ummadi, P. (2008). Standards and Interoperability in GIS, Michigan State University. MI, USA. Vorobev, A. V., & Shakirova, G. R. (2016). Web-based geoinformation system for exploring geomagnetic field, its variations and anomalies doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29589-3_2 Walter, V., & Sörgel, U. (2018). Implementation, results, and problems of paid crowd-based geospatial data collection. PFG - Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science, 86(3-4), 187-197. doi:10.1007/s41064-018-0058-z  Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

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Sousa Feitosa, Maria Suzete, Jonas Alves Da Silva Neto, and Hikaro Kayo De Brito Nunes. "Notícias de jornal como procedimento metodológico para análise episódica (1985, 1995 e 2009) de enchentes do rio Poti em Teresina – Piauí." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 2 (2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.2.p507-521.

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R E S U M OO presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar, sob a utilização de notícias de jornal como procedimento metodológico, as enchentes do rio Poti na cidade de Teresina/Piauí, durante os episódios de 1985, 1995 e 2009. Metodologicamente, adotou-se: conhecimentos teóricos do Sistema Socioambiental Urbano; análise dos dados diários de chuva no período de 30 anos (1981 a 2010) manipulados pelo balanço hídrico climatológico; utilização de notícias de jornal (jornal O Dia e TV Cidade Verde); e, por fim, análise interpretativa. Dessa forma, em 1985 registrou-se o maior volume de precipitação naqueles últimos vinte anos, como expressa a capa do O Dia sobre a maior enchente dos últimos dez anos. No episódio de 1995, o Jornal O Dia destacou que após 20 dias consecutivos de chuvas o rio Poti ultrapassou em 6 metros a cota normal, em decorrência principalmente dos temporais à montante. Já no episódio de 2009, a imprensa local destacou que as chuvas são as maiores desde 2001 resultando no decreto de emergência na capital associado aos eventos pluviométricos intensos no período de janeiro a abril correspondendo a 87,7% do esperado para todo o ano. Destarte, o cruzamento de informações técnico-científicas e aquelas de notícias de jornal possibilitou compreender o processo de adensamento urbano, as dinâmicas das chuvas e como tal relação se comportou ao longo da faixa temporal, o que legitima uma série de construções e ressignificações da memória relacionando chuva, dinâmica do rio Poti e população ribeirinha.Palavras-chave: Chuva, Rio, Jornal, Episódio, Desastre, Teresina. Newspaper stories as a methodological procedure for episodic analysis (1985, 1995 and 2009) of the Poti river floods in Teresina – Piauí A B S T R A C TThis study aims to analyze, in the use of newspaper reports as a methodological procedure, the flooding of the river Poti in the city of Teresina / Piauí, during episodes of 1985, 1995 and 2009. In terms of methodology was adopted: theoretical knowledge System Social-Environmental Urban; analysis of daily rainfall data in the 30-year period (1981-2010) handled by the climatic water balance; use of newspaper reports (newspaper O Dia and TV Cidade Verde); and finally, interpretative analysis. Thus, in 1985 it was the one that registered the highest volume of rainfall in those last twenty years, as expressed the cover of O Dia of the greatest flood of the past ten years. In episode 1995 Jornal O Dia pointed out that, after 20 consecutive days of rain the Poti river exceeded 6 meters in the normal quota, mainly due to the time upstream. Already in the episode, 2009 local media pointed out that rainfall is the highest since 2001 resulting in the emergency decree in the capital associated with intense rainfall events in the period from January to April corresponding to 87.7% of the expected full-year. Thus, the intersection of technical and scientific information and those of newspaper news possible to understand the urban densification process, the dynamics of rainfall and how this relationship behaved along the temporal range, which legitimizes a number of buildings and reinterpretation of memory relating rain, dynamics and Poti river local population.Keywords: Rain, River, Newspaper, Episode, Disaster, Teresina.

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Aleksić, Ljiljana, and Vesna Kosorić. "Building Revitalization and Integration of Solar Systems in Sustainable Rural Tourism." Prostor 24, no. 1(51) (2016): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.24.1(51).8.

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Ovaj se rad bavi problematikom održivoga razvoja u ruralnome turizmu s osobitim osvrtom na obnovu zgrada i ugradnju solarnih sustava. U njemu se definiraju relevantni principi i kriteriji, razmatraju estetski, energetski, ekonomski, društveni i ekološki aspekti te analiziraju mogućnosti i rezultati. Rad prezentira i neke europske primjere održive obnove zgrada u održivom razvoju ruralnog turizma.

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Slater, Paul B. "Measuring Migration Fields of U. S. Counties." Geographical Analysis 16, no. 1 (2010): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1984.tb00801.x.

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6

Ng, Lisa C., Nelson Ojeda Quiles, W. Stuart Dols, and Steven J. Emmerich. "Weather correlations to calculate infiltration rates for U. S. commercial building energy models." Building and Environment 127 (January 2018): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.10.029.

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7

Gorshkov, A. V., M. Hermele, V. Gurarie, et al. "Two-orbital S U(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms." Nature Physics 6, no. 4 (2010): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1535.

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8

Abuarkub, Mumen. "Traditional Building Materials and Techniques in Palestine." Prostor 25, no. 1(53) (2017): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.25.1(53).9.

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U radu se istražuju načini gradnje i različiti graditeljski elementi: temelji, zidovi, otvori, svodovi, kupole, krovišta. Analizira se na koji način veličina zgrade i izbor materijala utječu na graditeljsku praksu s osobitim naglaskom na tehničke standarde i opis temeljnih građevnih materijala i tradicijskih načina gradnje za svaki graditeljski element tradicijske palestinske kuće.

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Lovett, Christopher C. "A Review of “The Cold War U. S. Army: Building Deterrence for Limited War”." History: Reviews of New Books 38, no. 3 (2010): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612751003771674.

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10

Liu, Wei, MengYuan Yang, Meng Xie, et al. "Accurate Building Extraction from Fused DSM and UAV Images Using a Chain Fully Convolutional Neural Network." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (2019): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242912.

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Accurate extraction of buildings using high spatial resolution imagery is essential to a wide range of urban applications. However, it is difficult to extract semantic features from a variety of complex scenes (e.g., suburban, urban and urban village areas) because various complex man-made objects usually appear heterogeneous with large intra-class and low inter-class variations. The automatic extraction of buildings is thus extremely challenging. The fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) developed in recent years have performed well in the extraction of urban man-made objects due to their ability to learn state-of-the-art features and to label pixels end-to-end. One of the most successful FCNs used in building extraction is U-net. However, the commonly used skip connection and feature fusion refinement modules in U-net often ignore the problem of feature selection, and the ability to extract smaller buildings and refine building boundaries needs to be improved. In this paper, we propose a trainable chain fully convolutional neural network (CFCN), which fuses high spatial resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and the digital surface model (DSM) for building extraction. Multilevel features are obtained from the fusion data, and an improved U-net is used for the coarse extraction of the building. To solve the problem of incomplete extraction of building boundaries, a U-net network is introduced by chain, which is used for the introduction of a coarse building boundary constraint, hole filling, and "speckle" removal. Typical areas such as suburban, urban, and urban villages were selected for building extraction experiments. The results show that the CFCN achieved recall of 98.67%, 98.62%, and 99.52% and intersection over union (IoU) of 96.23%, 96.43%, and 95.76% in suburban, urban, and urban village areas, respectively. Considering the IoU in conjunction with the CFCN and U-net resulted in improvements of 6.61%, 5.31%, and 6.45% in suburban, urban, and urban village areas, respectively. The proposed method can extract buildings with higher accuracy and with clearer and more complete boundaries.

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Maradin, Mladen. "Varijabilnost padalina na području Hrvatske s maritimnim pluviometrijskim režimom." Geoadria 18, no. 1 (2017): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.140.

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Rad se bavi varijabilnošću padalina u dijelu Hrvatske s maritimnim pluviometrijskim režimom. Varijabilnost padalina analizirana je korištenjem godišnjih i mjesečnih vrijednosti srednje relativne varijabilnosti za 18 postaja od 1950. do 2007. godine. Utvrđeno je da godišnja varijabilnost padalina ima relativno veliki raspon – najveću varijabilnost padalina ima postaja Lastovo, a najmanju postaja Parg. U godišnjem hodu varijabilnosti padalina glavni maksimum varijabilnosti je na području sjevernog Jadrana u listopadu, dok se prema jugu maksimumvarijabilnost javlja u ljetnim mjesecima – srpnju ili kolovozu. Glavni minimum varijabilnosti u većini postaja s maritimnim pluviometrijskim režimom javlja se u travnju, osim na postajama srednjeg Jadrana, gdje se javlja u studenom. Najmanju varijabilnost padalina ima područje Gorske Hrvatske u gotovo svim mjesecima. Najveće vrijednosti varijabilnosti padalina javljaju se ljeti na području južnog Jadrana. U gotovo svim mjesecima varijabilnost padalina na području Kvarnera je relativno viša u odnosu varijabilnost padalina okolnih postaja.

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Wagner, Fabien H., Ricardo Dalagnol, Yuliya Tarabalka, Tassiana Y. F. Segantine, Rogério Thomé, and Mayumi C. M. Hirye. "U-Net-Id, an Instance Segmentation Model for Building Extraction from Satellite Images—Case Study in the Joanópolis City, Brazil." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (2020): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101544.

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Currently, there exists a growing demand for individual building mapping in regions of rapid urban growth in less-developed countries. Most existing methods can segment buildings but cannot discriminate adjacent buildings. Here, we present a new convolutional neural network architecture (CNN) called U-net-id that performs building instance segmentation. The proposed network is trained with WorldView-3 satellite RGB images (0.3 m) and three different labeled masks. The first is the building mask; the second is the border mask, which is the border of the building segment with 4 pixels added outside and 3 pixels inside; and the third is the inner segment mask, which is the segment of the building diminished by 2 pixels. The architecture consists of three parallel paths, one for each mask, all starting with a U-net model. To accurately capture the overlap between the masks, all activation layers of the U-nets are copied and concatenated on each path and sent to two additional convolutional layers before the output activation layers. The method was tested with a dataset of 7563 manually delineated individual buildings of the city of Joanópolis-SP, Brazil. On this dataset, the semantic segmentation showed an overall accuracy of 97.67% and an F1-Score of 0.937 and the building individual instance segmentation showed good performance with a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 0.582 (median IoU = 0.694).

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Horvat, Kristina. "Zaštita i sigurnost na radu u nastavnom programu medicinskih sestara/tehničara opće njege u Republici Hrvatskoj i susjednim zemljama." Sigurnost 61, no. 1 (2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.61.1.4.

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Protection at work and work safety are the basic principles of the human right to work in a dignified way that guarantees protection of life and health at work. The scope of work of nurses/technicians includes diagnostic procedures, treatment and patient care. However, performance of these tasks can lead to health damage. Preventing and reducing injuries, occupational diseases, diseases related to the work as well as the preservation and improvement of health have a huge impact on reducing economic losses. Thus, a building of awareness is required so that the investment in occupational safety and health and safety at work will not be perceived as an unnecessary expense or a huge cost, but a long-term profitable investment. Additional costs and major expenses arise when the safety and health at work are not in proper focus. Employers and employees are the key factors, but the most important effort is to start raising awareness about the importance of protection and safety at work during the training for certain professions. Teachers play an important role in developing positive attitudes and understanding the importance of prevention of occupational accidents, occupational and related diseases. They greatly influence the maintenance of protection and safety from the earliest days to the end of service, including even the life expectancy of an individual person. If future young health care workers start with the acquisition of knowledge and skills of work safety at the beginning of their professional training, then safety and protection at work will become an integral part of the working process for them. They will develop a proper attitude toward the importance of occupational safety and health, which will guide them throughout their entire working life.

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Li, Weijia, Conghui He, Jiarui Fang, Juepeng Zheng, Haohuan Fu, and Le Yu. "Semantic Segmentation-Based Building Footprint Extraction Using Very High-Resolution Satellite Images and Multi-Source GIS Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4 (2019): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040403.

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Automatic extraction of building footprints from high-resolution satellite imagery has become an important and challenging research issue receiving greater attention. Many recent studies have explored different deep learning-based semantic segmentation methods for improving the accuracy of building extraction. Although they record substantial land cover and land use information (e.g., buildings, roads, water, etc.), public geographic information system (GIS) map datasets have rarely been utilized to improve building extraction results in existing studies. In this research, we propose a U-Net-based semantic segmentation method for the extraction of building footprints from high-resolution multispectral satellite images using the SpaceNet building dataset provided in the DeepGlobe Satellite Challenge of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2018 (CVPR 2018). We explore the potential of multiple public GIS map datasets (OpenStreetMap, Google Maps, and MapWorld) through integration with the WorldView-3 satellite datasets in four cities (Las Vegas, Paris, Shanghai, and Khartoum). Several strategies are designed and combined with the U-Net–based semantic segmentation model, including data augmentation, post-processing, and integration of the GIS map data and satellite images. The proposed method achieves a total F1-score of 0.704, which is an improvement of 1.1% to 12.5% compared with the top three solutions in the SpaceNet Building Detection Competition and 3.0% to 9.2% compared with the standard U-Net–based method. Moreover, the effect of each proposed strategy and the possible reasons for the building footprint extraction results are analyzed substantially considering the actual situation of the four cities.

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Li, Lu, Chao Wang, Hong Zhang, Bo Zhang, and Fan Wu. "Urban Building Change Detection in SAR Images Using Combined Differential Image and Residual U-Net Network." Remote Sensing 11, no. 9 (2019): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091091.

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With the rapid development of urbanization in China, monitoring urban changes is of great significance to city management, urban planning, and cadastral map updating. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors can capture a large area of radar images quickly with fine spatiotemporal resolution and are not affected by weather conditions, making multi-temporal SAR images suitable for change detection. In this paper, a new urban building change detection method based on an improved difference image and residual U-Net network is proposed. In order to overcome the intensity compression problem of the traditional log-ratio method, the spatial distance and intensity similarity are combined to generate a weighting function to obtain a weighted difference image. By fusing the weighted difference image and the bitemporal original images, the three-channel color difference image is generated for building change detection. Due to the complexity of urban environments and the small scale of building changes, the residual U-Net network is used instead of fixed statistical models and the construction and classifier of the network are modified to distinguish between different building changes. Three scenes of Sentinel-1 interferometric wide swath data are used to validate the proposed method. The experimental results and comparative analysis show that our proposed method is effective for urban building change detection and is superior to the original U-Net and SVM method.

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Erickson, Kenneth A., Thomas R. Vale, and Geraldine R. Vale. "Western Images, Western Landscapes: Travels along U. S. 89." Geographical Review 81, no. 3 (1991): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215651.

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Cromley, Elizabeth C. "A Concrete Atlantis: U. S. Industrial Building and European Modern Architecture, 1900-1925 Reyner Banham." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 3 (1987): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990242.

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Guo, Mingqiang, Heng Liu, Yongyang Xu, and Ying Huang. "Building Extraction Based on U-Net with an Attention Block and Multiple Losses." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (2020): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091400.

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Semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images plays an important role in applications for building extraction. However, the current algorithms have some semantic information extraction limitations, and these can lead to poor segmentation results. To extract buildings with high accuracy, we propose a multiloss neural network based on attention. The designed network, based on U-Net, can improve the sensitivity of the model by the attention block and suppress the background influence of irrelevant feature areas. To improve the ability of the model, a multiloss approach is proposed during training the network. The experimental results show that the proposed model offers great improvement over other state-of-the-art methods. For the public Inria Aerial Image Labeling dataset, the F1 score reached 76.96% and showed good performance on the Aerial Imagery for Roof Segmentation dataset.

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Pan, Xin Chen, and Yi Xuan Xiao. "Simulation Analysis of Building Green Facade Eco-Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1701.

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Purposes: this paper is to analyze and quantify the eco-effect of building green facade, providing a reliable application methods and theory basis for solving current environmental issues. Methods: this paper using facade renovation project of Wismar University in Germany as the carrier, it uses Energy-Plus energy simulation software, CFD computational fluid dynamics software and U-wert.net calculation software for U value of material to get the simulation analysis of the energy, physical and regional eco-effect of building green facade. Results: building green facade can increase 23.7% heat resistance value, save 6.2% of the year-round air conditioning load, reduce indoor temperature by 3-5°C in summer, reduce the air velocity by 0.03m/s, maintain the stability of indoor temperature, the annual indoor temperature can maintain 20.84°C, improve the indoor comfort. The temperature around the building can reduce by 0.5-4°C after green facade renovation, reduce the wind speed in the region by 0.05m/s, and reduce the annual carbon emission by 7.1%. Conclusions: Through the simulation results, eco-effect of building green facade play a significant role in cooling and insulation, energy saving, heat island mitigation, improving comfort, maintaining the balance of carbon and oxygen. It has become one important way to suture rift between man and nature in cities, being an effective way to solve today's ecological issues.

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Zhang, Tao, Hong Tang, Yi Ding, Penglong Li, Chao Ji, and Penglei Xu. "FSRSS-Net: High-Resolution Mapping of Buildings from Middle-Resolution Satellite Images Using a Super-Resolution Semantic Segmentation Network." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (2021): 2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122290.

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Satellite mapping of buildings and built-up areas used to be delineated from high spatial resolution (e.g., meters or sub-meters) and middle spatial resolution (e.g., tens of meters or hundreds of meters) satellite images, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, it is important to explore a deep-learning approach to delineate high-resolution semantic maps of buildings from middle-resolution satellite images. The approach is termed as super-resolution semantic segmentation in this paper. Specifically, we design a neural network with integrated low-level image features of super-resolution and high-level semantic features of super-resolution, which is trained with Sentinel-2A images (i.e., 10 m) and higher-resolution semantic maps (i.e., 2.5 m). The network, based on super-resolution semantic segmentation features is called FSRSS-Net. In China, the 35 cities are partitioned into three groups, i.e., 19 cities for model training, four cities for quantitative testing and the other 12 cities for qualitative generalization ability analysis of the learned networks. A large-scale sample dataset is created and utilized to train and validate the performance of the FSRSS-Net, which includes 8597 training samples and 766 quantitative accuracy evaluation samples. Quantitative evaluation results show that: (1) based on the 10 m Sentinel-2A image, the FSRSS-Net can achieve super-resolution semantic segmentation and produce 2.5 m building recognition results, and there is little difference between the accuracy of 2.5 m results by FSRSS-Net and 10 m results by U-Net. More importantly, the 2.5 m building recognition results by FSRSS-Net have higher accuracy than the 2.5 m results by U-Net 10 m building recognition results interpolation up-sampling; (2) from the spatial visualization of the results, the building recognition results of 2.5 m are more precise than those of 10 m, and the outline of the building is better depicted. Qualitative analysis shows that: (1) the learned FSRSS-Net can be also well generalized to other cities that are far from training regions; (2) the FSRSS-Net can still achieve comparable results to the U-Net 2 m building recognition results, even when the U-Net is directly trained using both 2-meter resolution GF2 satellite images and corresponding semantic labels.

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Showstack, R. "New U. S. presidential science advisor steps in at difficult moment." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 82, no. 47 (2001): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/01eo00332.

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Zilkoski, David B., J. Don D'Onofrio, Rudolf J. Fury, Curtis L. Smith, Lloyd C. Huff, and Barry J. Gallagher. "Centimeter-Level Positioning of a U. S. Coast Guard Buoy Tender." GPS Solutions 3, no. 2 (1999): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00012792.

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Strahan, Randall. "Members' Goals and Coalition-Building Strategies in the U. S. House: The Case of Tax Reform." Journal of Politics 51, no. 2 (1989): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2131347.

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Chen, Ziyi, Dilong Li, Wentao Fan, Haiyan Guan, Cheng Wang, and Jonathan Li. "Self-Attention in Reconstruction Bias U-Net for Semantic Segmentation of Building Rooftops in Optical Remote Sensing Images." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (2021): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132524.

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Deep learning models have brought great breakthroughs in building extraction from high-resolution optical remote-sensing images. Among recent research, the self-attention module has called up a storm in many fields, including building extraction. However, most current deep learning models loading with the self-attention module still lose sight of the reconstruction bias’s effectiveness. Through tipping the balance between the abilities of encoding and decoding, i.e., making the decoding network be much more complex than the encoding network, the semantic segmentation ability will be reinforced. To remedy the research weakness in combing self-attention and reconstruction-bias modules for building extraction, this paper presents a U-Net architecture that combines self-attention and reconstruction-bias modules. In the encoding part, a self-attention module is added to learn the attention weights of the inputs. Through the self-attention module, the network will pay more attention to positions where there may be salient regions. In the decoding part, multiple large convolutional up-sampling operations are used for increasing the reconstruction ability. We test our model on two open available datasets: the WHU and Massachusetts Building datasets. We achieve IoU scores of 89.39% and 73.49% for the WHU and Massachusetts Building datasets, respectively. Compared with several recently famous semantic segmentation methods and representative building extraction methods, our method’s results are satisfactory.

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Surić, Maša. "Potopljeni krš – živ ili mrtav? Primjeri s istočne obale Jadrana (Hrvatska)." Geoadria 10, no. 1 (2017): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.70.

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U podmorju duž cijele istočne obale Jadrana nalaze se brojni krški oblici potopljeni posljednjom gornjopleistocensko-holocenskom transgresijom. Općenito, većina procesa u okviru okršavanja prestaje na razini erozijske baze koja je u slučaju priobalnog krša apsolutna erozijska baza – razina mora. Međutim, u podmorju i priobalnom dijelu istočnog Jadrana brojni su primjeri gdje se i ispod morske razine djelomično nastavilo okršavanje (korozija) i okršavanju bliski procesi (mehanička erozija i bioerozija), a poznati su i primjeri značajne promjene hidrogeoloških funkcija pojedinih priobalnih hidroloških sustava uzrokovanih izdizanjem morske razine.

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Surić, Maša. "Potopljeni krš – živ ili mrtav? Primjeri s istočne obale Jadrana (Hrvatska)." Geoadria 10, no. 1 (2017): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.69.

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U podmorju duž cijele istočne obale Jadrana nalaze se brojni krški oblici potopljeni posljednjom gornjopleistocensko-holocenskom transgresijom. Općenito, većina procesa u okviru okršavanja prestaje na razini erozijske baze koja je u slučaju priobalnog krša apsolutna erozijska baza – razina mora. Međutim, u podmorju i priobalnom dijelu istočnog Jadrana brojni su primjeri gdje se i ispod morske razine djelomično nastavilo okršavanje (korozija) i okršavanju bliski procesi (mehanička erozija i bioerozija), a poznati su i primjeri značajne promjene hidrogeoloških funkcija pojedinih priobalnih hidroloških sustava uzrokovanih izdizanjem morske razine.

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McAlear, Ron. "Shipyard Modernization – A Shipbuilder’s Experience." Journal of Ship Production 14, no. 01 (1998): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1998.14.1.1.

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With the decline in Naval new building activities, U. S. Shipyards must once again reenter the commercial shipbuilding arena to provide a stabilized workload, and to maintain an industrial shipbuilding base that is vitally important for our national security. This paper will address the steps taken by one major U. S. Shipyard to become competitive in the commercial market, will explain the experiences that were encountered in their defense conversion, and will specifically address the shipyard modernization that has resulted from this new focus.

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Wierzbicki, Damian, Olga Matuk, and Elzbieta Bielecka. "Polish Cadastre Modernization with Remotely Extracted Buildings from High-Resolution Aerial Orthoimagery and Airborne LiDAR." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040611.

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Automatic building extraction from remote sensing data is a hot but challenging research topic for cadastre verification, modernization and updating. Deep learning algorithms are perceived as more promising in overcoming the difficulties of extracting semantic features from complex scenes and large differences in buildings’ appearance. This paper explores the modified fully convolutional network U-Shape Network (U-Net) for high resolution aerial orthoimagery segmentation and dense LiDAR data to extract building outlines automatically. The three-step end-to-end computational procedure allows for automated building extraction with an 89.5% overall accuracy and an 80.7% completeness, which made it very promising for cadastre modernization in Poland. The applied algorithms work well both in densely and poorly built-up areas, typical for peripheral areas of cities, where uncontrolled development had recently been observed. Discussing the possibilities and limitations, the authors also provide some important information that could help local authorities decide on the use of remote sensing data in land administration.

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Oliver Kappe, C., Eugene S. Gladkov, Valentin A. Chebanov, et al. "Multicomponent Cyclocondensations of b-Ketosulfones with Aldehydes and Aminoazole Building Blocks." HETEROCYCLES 73, no. 1 (2007): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-07-s(u)19.

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Bollinger, G. A., M. C. Chapman, M. S. Sibol, and J. K. Costain. "An analysis of earthquake focal depths in the southeastern U. S." Geophysical Research Letters 12, no. 11 (1985): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl012i011p00785.

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dos Santos, Clarissa Armando, Lisiane Ilha Librelotto, and Claudio Jacintho. "Building with Earth - Brazil's Most Popular Raw Earth Building Techniques and the Opinion of Experienced Builders." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.123.

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Earth building construction techniques bring the promise of being environmentally friendly, thermally comfortable, easy to maintain and aesthetically interesting. Therefore, the ideae is beginning to spread in Brazil, being divulgated mainly by institutes and groups involved with Permaculture studies. The possibility of building sustainably and independently has contributed to the increasing number of people embracing the cause and starting constructing with earth and other raw materials. But what are their opinions after the end of the process? This work brings a review on some of the most popular earth building techniques in the Brazilian Federal District and state of Santa Catarina (superadobe, hyperadobe, rammed earth, cob, stucco, and double stucco filled with plastic bottles), as well as interviews with builders and users of the resulting houses. The research showed that the houses were built mostly by the owners themselves, with only a few having relied on professional help at some point. The drawbacks appointed were the lack of qualified professionals well-acquainted with these building techniques, the difficulties in managing large groups of voluntary builders and the high physical effort demanded by some of the techniques. Actually, many houses were composed by more than one technique. Some were built using a different technique to each wall. Superadobe was the preferred one at first, however most builders decided to change to other techniques for the practicability or just for the sake of experimenting. The experimenting of different techniques was more frequent in the cases when the house was the first construction of the builder (s). Unfortunately, the lack of experience had serious consequences, for it was noticed that some buildings showed construction pathologies, such as pending walls and peeling plasters. Nonetheless, most of the users declared to be satisfied and considered earth building a good investment. In fact, the houses had good thermal performance, used low impact materials and had a medium cost of approximately BRL 310.00 per square meter. A considerably lower price than the average BRL 670.00 per square meter, estimated by Brazilian authorities for the same locations and building patterns at the time of the constructions.

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Nguyen, Duc Canh, and Mooyoung Han. "Rainfall-Storage-Utilization-Discharge model for flood mitigation and water conservation." Water Supply 18, no. 4 (2017): 1252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.184.

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Abstract Climate change and the increase of impermeable surfaces due to urbanization have led to an increase in the frequency of flooding events. The occurrence of water shortage problems is attributed to an increased population and water pollution. Traditional methods of draining rainwater from rooftops, based on the Rainfall-Discharge (R-D) model, are challenged. By storing some of the rainfall that falls on building rooftops, flooding of nearby sewer systems can be mitigated, and the reduction of peak runoff can then calculated using the Rainfall-Storage-Discharge (R-S-D) model. By utilizing stored rainfall in or near a building, flooding can be further mitigated while conserving water, and the reduction of peak runoff and the amount of used rainwater can also be calculated using the Rainfall-Storage-Utilization-Discharge (R-S-U-D) model. The R-S-U-D model uses site-specific rainfall characteristics; thus, we take Seoul, Korea as a study case. The reduced peak flow and increased design return period for a combination of tank volume and utilization rate can be calculated and presented by a curve, which can be used in the design and operation of sewer systems. Results from the R-S-U-D model can help in designing methods to reduce the flooding risk in existing sewer systems without increasing their capacity, thus reducing expenses. Water conservation is an additional benefit.

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Miljkovic, Milan, and Dragan Jevtic. "SUKOBI U INFORMACIONOM PROSTORU IZ UGLA SAVREMENE VOJNE MISLI U RUSKOJ FEDERACIJI – ISKUSTVA ZA BEZBEDNOST REPUBLIKE SRBIJE." Nacionalni interes 40, no. 2/2021 (2021): 105–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/ni.4022021.5.

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Savremene države, usled masovne primene informacione tehnologije u oblasti komunikacija, suočavaju se sa problemom efikasne kontrole i zaštite nacionalne informacione sfere, a samim tim i nacionalne bezbednosti. Informacije se od davnina koriste u manipulative svrhe i kao sredstvo za vođenje sukoba, a savremeno informaciono doba je samo dodatno aktuelizovalo informacioni prostor kao borbeni prostor savremenog globalnog društva. Aktuelizovana je upotreba dezinformacija i lažnih vesti u okviru kocepta „hibridnog i informacionog ratovanja“, kao načina vođenja geopolitičkih sukoba između velikih sila, ali i kao sredstva uticaja i pritiska na male države. S tim u vezi, u radu je izvršena analiza teorijskog i konceptualnog pristupa bezbednosnih i vojnih teoretičara Ruske Federacije u vezi odbrane od pretnji iz informacione sfere. Rezulati analize ukazuju da je teorijski pristup Ruske Federacije u ovoj oblasti primenljiv za Republiku Srbiju koja je u svojim aktuelnim strategijskim dokumentima iz oblasti odbrane i bezbednosti naglasila potrebu da razvija sistema odbrane od pretnji iz informacionog prostora.

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Yang, Jirui, Luyan Ji, Xiurui Geng, Xue Yang, and Yongchao Zhao. "Building detection in high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery with the U-Rotation Detection Network." International Journal of Remote Sensing 40, no. 15 (2019): 6036–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1587200.

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Dingemans, Dennis J., and David P. Angel. "Restructuring for Innovation: The Remaking of the U. S. Semiconductor Industry." Geographical Review 85, no. 2 (1995): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/216069.

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Leinbach, Thomas R., and Carl Amrhein. "A GEOGRAPHY OF THE VENTURE CAPITAL INDUSTRY IN THE U. S." Professional Geographer 39, no. 2 (1987): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1987.00146.x.

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Lewis, George K., Thomas R. Vale, and Geraldine R. Vale. "U. S. 40 Today: Thirty Years of Landscape Change in America." Geographical Review 75, no. 2 (1985): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214482.

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Pasquali, Giorgio, Gianni Cristian Iannelli, and Fabio Dell’Acqua. "Building Footprint Extraction from Multispectral, Spaceborne Earth Observation Datasets Using a Structurally Optimized U-Net Convolutional Neural Network." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23 (2019): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232803.

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Building footprint detection and outlining from satellite imagery represents a very useful tool in many types of applications, ranging from population mapping to the monitoring of illegal development, from urban expansion monitoring to organizing prompter and more effective rescuer response in the case of catastrophic events. The problem of detecting building footprints in optical, multispectral satellite data is not easy to solve in a general way due to the extreme variability of material, shape, spatial, and spectral patterns that may come with disparate environmental conditions and construction practices rooted in different places across the globe. This difficult problem has been tackled in many different ways since multispectral satellite data at a sufficient spatial resolution started making its appearance on the public scene at the turn of the century. Whereas a typical approach, until recently, hinged on various combinations of spectral–spatial analysis and image processing techniques, in more recent times, the role of machine learning has undergone a progressive expansion. This is also testified by the appearance of online challenges like SpaceNet, which invite scholars to submit their own artificial intelligence (AI)-based, tailored solutions for building footprint detection in satellite data, and automatically compare and rank by accuracy the proposed maps. In this framework, after reviewing the state-of-the-art on this subject, we came to the conclusion that some improvement could be contributed to the so-called U-Net architecture, which has shown to be promising in this respect. In this work, we focused on the architecture of the U-Net to develop a suitable version for this task, capable of competing with the accuracy levels of past SpaceNet competition winners using only one model and one type of data. This achievement could pave the way for achieving better performances than the current state-of-the-art. All these results, indeed, have yet to be augmented through the integration of techniques that in the past have demonstrated a capability of improving the detection accuracy of U-net-based footprint detectors. The most notable cases are represented by an ensemble of different U-Net architectures, the integration of distance transform to improve boundary detection accuracy, and the incorporation of ancillary geospatial data on buildings. Our future work will incorporate those enhancements.

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Yi, Yaning, Zhijie Zhang, Wanchang Zhang, Chuanrong Zhang, Weidong Li, and Tian Zhao. "Semantic Segmentation of Urban Buildings from VHR Remote Sensing Imagery Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (2019): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151774.

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Urban building segmentation is a prevalent research domain for very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing; however, various appearances and complicated background of VHR remote sensing imagery make accurate semantic segmentation of urban buildings a challenge in relevant applications. Following the basic architecture of U-Net, an end-to-end deep convolutional neural network (denoted as DeepResUnet) was proposed, which can effectively perform urban building segmentation at pixel scale from VHR imagery and generate accurate segmentation results. The method contains two sub-networks: One is a cascade down-sampling network for extracting feature maps of buildings from the VHR image, and the other is an up-sampling network for reconstructing those extracted feature maps back to the same size of the input VHR image. The deep residual learning approach was adopted to facilitate training in order to alleviate the degradation problem that often occurred in the model training process. The proposed DeepResUnet was tested with aerial images with a spatial resolution of 0.075 m and was compared in performance under the exact same conditions with six other state-of-the-art networks—FCN-8s, SegNet, DeconvNet, U-Net, ResUNet and DeepUNet. Results of extensive experiments indicated that the proposed DeepResUnet outperformed the other six existing networks in semantic segmentation of urban buildings in terms of visual and quantitative evaluation, especially in labeling irregular-shape and small-size buildings with higher accuracy and entirety. Compared with the U-Net, the F1 score, Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy of DeepResUnet were improved by 3.52%, 4.67% and 1.72%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed DeepResUnet required much fewer parameters than the U-Net, highlighting its significant improvement among U-Net applications. Nevertheless, the inference time of DeepResUnet is slightly longer than that of the U-Net, which is subject to further improvement.

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Adam, Geo, and Dieter Seebach. "(2S,3R)-2-Benzyloxy-3,4-epoxybutan-1-ol, A Versatile Synthetic Building Block Formally Derived From (u)-Tartaric acid." Synthesis 1988, no. 05 (1988): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1988-27577.

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Bockhold, J., and F. Stangenberg. "Zuschrift zuQuast, U.: Lineares oder nichtlineares Kriechen bei Druckgliedern? Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 99 (2004), Heft 10, S. 816-823." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 99, no. 12 (2004): 1023–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/best.200490287.

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Juran, Kristijan, Josip Faričić, and Karen-Edis Barzman. "KARTOGRAFIJA U SLUŽBI MLETAČKE DRŽAVE: KARTA SJEVERNE I SREDNJE DALMACIJE NEPOZNATOG AUTORA S POČETKA 16. STOLJEĆA." Geoadria 24, no. 2 (2020): 93–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.2885.

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U radu je analizirana rukopisna karta srednje i dijela sjeverne Dalmacije nepoznatog autora, nastala, po svoj prilici, u prvom desetljeću 16. stoljeća. Ta je karta najstariji sačuvani detaljni prikaz neke hrvatske regije, a pohranjena je u Državnom arhivu u Veneciji (Archivio di Stato di Venezia). Analizom geografskih i toponomastičkih podataka koji su u nju ugrađeni te korelacijom tih podataka s arhivskim vrelima i drugim ranonovovjekovnim kartama, utvrđeno je da je ona što se tiče kvantitete i kvalitete sadržaja činila značajan iskorak u vizualizaciji prostorne stvarnosti. Stoga je riječ o dragocjenom kartografskom spomeniku, nezaobilaznom za povijesno-geografska istraživanja Hrvatske i Jadrana kao arene višestoljetne vojnopolitičke konfrontacije Mletačke Republike, Ugarsko-Hrvatskoga Kraljevstva (od 1527. pod vlašću habsburške dinastije) i Osmanskoga Carstva.

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Moutier, William, Sandy Thomalla, Stewart Bernard, Galina Wind, Thomas Ryan-Keogh, and Marié Smith. "Evaluation of Chlorophyll-a and POC MODIS Aqua Products in the Southern Ocean." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (2019): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151793.

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The Southern Ocean (SO) is highly sensitive to climate change. Therefore, an accurate estimate of phytoplankton biomass is key to being able to predict the climate trajectory of the 21st century. In this study, MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), on board EOS Aqua spacecraft, Level 2 (nominal 1 km × 1 km resolution) chlorophyll-a (C S a t ) and Particulate Organic Carbon (POC s a t ) products are evaluated by comparison with an in situ dataset from 11 research cruises (2008–2017) to the SO, across multiple seasons, which includes measurements of POC and chlorophyll-a (C i n s i t u ) from both High Performance Liquid Chromatography (C H P L C ) and fluorometry (C F l u o ). Contrary to a number of previous studies, results highlighted good performance of the algorithm in the SO when comparing estimations with HPLC measurements. Using a time window of ±12 h and a mean satellite chlorophyll from a 5 × 5 pixel box centered on the in situ location, the median C S a t :C i n s i t u ratios were 0.89 (N = 46) and 0.49 (N = 73) for C H P L C and C F l u o respectively. Differences between C H P L C and C F l u o were associated with the presence of diatoms containing chlorophyll-c pigments, which induced an overestimation of chlorophyll-a when measured fluorometrically due to a potential overlap of the chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-c emission spectra. An underestimation of ∼0.13 mg m − 3 was observed for the global POC algorithm. This error was likely due to an overestimate of in situ POC i n s i t u measurements from the impact of dissolved organic carbon not accounted for in the blank correction. These results highlight the important implications of different in situ methodologies when validating ocean colour products.

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Sutter, Daniel. "Public Sector Quality Assurance and Building Codes." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 27, no. 2 (2009): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569209x15665367046633.

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Abstract Building codes have been stressed as a means to reduce losses from hurricanes, earthquakes and other natural hazards. Almost all U. S. states have adopted a building code, but codes must be enforced to actually strengthen the built environment. This paper explores the determinants of building code enforcement across states using ratings from the Insurance Services Office. Overall enforcement is not outstanding, as only five communities nationwide have the best rating of 1, and less than 7% have one of the three top ratings. Although stressed as a means to reduce natural hazards losses, enforcement is not better in states vulnerable to hurricanes and is actually lower in earthquake vulnerable states. Enforcement generally improves with a larger state and local government, while political corruption reduces enforcement. Building codes are better enforced in more urban states, consistent widi beneficial competition between local governments, while inequality does not significantly affect enforcement.

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McHugh, Kevin E., and Richard C. Jones. "Ambivalent Journey: U. S. Migration and Economic Mobility in North-Central Mexico." Geographical Review 86, no. 3 (1996): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215516.

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Marinković, Veni. "HRVATSKI OTOCI – UVID U PROMETNOGEOGRAFSKE ZNAČAJKE DOSTUPNOSTI." Geoadria 23, no. 2 (2019): 177–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.1513.

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Dostupnost otoka, kao specifičnih prostornih cjelina okruženih sa svih strana morem, neizostavni je preduvjet za njihovu fizičku i funkcionalnu integraciju s kopnom. U radu se postavlja koncept dostupnosti otočnog prostora Hrvatske te se kvantitativno i kvalitativno analiziraju glavne odrednice: prometna povezanost, trajanje putovanja, vremenska dostupnost, tip prometne linije te prilagođenost rasporeda plovidbe otočnim potrebama, za čiji je izračun korišten postojeći raspored plovidbe za 2018. godine. Rezultati pokazuju zonalnu distribuciju skupina otoka s obzirom na razmatranu vremensku dostupnost, kao i nepovoljnije kvantitativne i kvalitativne pokazatelje dostupnosti kod površinski i populacijski manjih, te od kopna udaljenijih otoka.

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Cooper, Lee G., and Akihiro Inoue. "Building Market Structures from Consumer Preferences." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 3 (1996): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379603300304.

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The authors present a model that maps competitive market structures by identifying the preference structure of each consumer segment. By marrying two different data types—switching probabilities and attribute ratings—their model divides a market into several homogeneous sub-markets in which consumers consider a distinctive subset of brands (consideration set or competitive group) with a segment-specific rule for attribute evaluations and a segment-specific ideal point. Using data published in Harshman and colleagues’ (1982) work, the authors examine the U. S. car market and find brand-loyal segments for all car types except those favored by first-time buyers, a universal market, and five switching segments that consider car groups differing in the nation of origin, size, and luxury level. Breaking the switching segment into finer partitions gives a better account of the data than the Colombo-Morrison model or an asymmetric generalization of that model. The authors advocate the development of marketing goals with respect to each of the segment maps in the hope that it will lead to more synergistic marketing strategies for brands encountering multifaceted competition.

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Klemenčić, Mladen, and Duško Topalović. "Morske granice u Jadranskome moru." Geoadria 14, no. 2 (2017): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.555.

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The delimitation of maritime boundaries in semi-closed seas such as Adriatic is always a complex issue.The first bilateral maritime boundary agreement in the Adriatic Sea was reached at an early stage in the history of maritime delimitation, but potential offshore boundary system became more complicated following political changes in the 1990's and increase in the number of coastal states. This paper provides an overview of the development of maritime boundary system in the Adriatic, highlights disputes and remaining problems and evaluates potential solutions to disputes, claiming that completion of maritime boundary system should enhance regional stability.

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Petrovic, Rajko. "INSTITUCIONALNA REŠENjA ZA PREVAZILAŽENJE MEĐUNACIONALNIH TENZIJA U CRNOJ GORI." Nacionalni interes 40, no. 2/2021 (2021): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/ni.4022021.7.

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Crna Gora, iako spada u male države po veličini i broju stanovnika, je multinacionalna država. Pored najbrojnije crnogorske nacije, u Crnoj Gori živi značajan broj pripadnika srpske, a zatim i bošnjačke i albanske nacije. Postojeći oblik državnog uređenja Crne Gore kao unitarne republike u kome nema mesta nacionalnom (kolektivnom) principu raspodele vlasti i učešća u javnoj administraciji, već se sve svodi na građanski princip ne odražava realno stanje i potrebe svih nacija u njoj. Predmet ovog istraživanja jesu institucionalne mogućnosti za prevazilaženje postojećih međunacionalnih tenzija u Crnoj Gori. Cilj rada je da najpre objasni postojeći ustavno–politički sistem Crne Gore, zatim da analizira interese i glavne zahteve različitih nacija u njoj, te da ukaže na moguća rešenja koja bi bila prihvatljiva za sve strane, poput priznanja konstitutivnosti određenim ili svim nacijama, uvođenja dvodomne skupštine, stvaranja autonomnih pokrajina ili pak federalizacije zemlje. Rezultati ovog istraživačkog rada ukazuju na to da je Crna Gora, s obzirom na njen multinacionalni karakter, dugoročno neodrživa kao unitarna država zasnovana na isključivo građanskom principu, gde zaključujemo da iskustva sličnih zemalja predstavljaju relevantan pokazatelj da su i Crnoj Gori potrebne temeljne ustavne i institucionalne reforme. U radu ćemo se koristiti metodom studije slučaja, istorijskom metodom i metodom komparativne analize.

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Daranagama, Samitha, and Apichon Witayangkurn. "Automatic Building Detection with Polygonizing and Attribute Extraction from High-Resolution Images." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (2021): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090606.

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Buildings can be introduced as a fundamental element for forming a city. Therefore, up-to-date building maps have become vital for many applications, including urban mapping and urban expansion analysis. With the development of deep learning, segmenting building footprints from high-resolution remote sensing imagery has become a subject of intense study. Here, a modified version of the U-Net architecture with a combination of pre- and post-processing techniques was developed to extract building footprints from high-resolution aerial imagery and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. Data pre-processing with the logarithmic correction image enhancing algorithm showed the most significant improvement in the building detection accuracy for aerial images; meanwhile, the CLAHE algorithm improved the most concerning UAV images. This study developed a post-processing technique using polygonizing and polygon smoothing called the Douglas–Peucker algorithm, which made the building output directly ready to use for different applications. The attribute information, land use data, and population count data were applied using two open datasets. In addition, the building area and perimeter of each building were calculated as geometric attributes.

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