Relevant bibliographies by topics / U238

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'U238'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'U238.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "U238"

1

Матьовка, О. М., М. В. Стець, and В. Т. Маслюк. "Model nuclide spectrum of the Th232, U235 and U238 series." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University.Series Physics 27 (June 30, 2010): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2415-8038.2010.27.39-44.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Mammadov, Khagani Farzulla, Hajar Nuhbala Shiraliyeva, Elnur Ismikhan Mehtiyev, et al. "Studying the treatment processes of soil samples from radionuclides." ScienceRise, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.001920.

Full text
Abstract:
Object of research: Soil samples contaminated with radionuclides and processes for treatment of contaminated soil.
 The problem to be solved: Isolation of radionuclides from contaminated soil samples by extraction with weak solutions of acids and alkalis.
 Main scientific results: Treatment of soil samples contaminated with uranyl nitrate using extraction with weak solutions of nitric and hydrochloric acid, caustic sodium and subsequent washing of soil residues with distilled water is effective process and leads to a more than tenfold decrease in the content of uranium isotopes (U238, U235, U234 and U236) in the soil samples. At the same time, there is a decrease in the content of natural radionuclides (Na22, K40, Zn65, Sn113, Sn126) in the extracted soil samples. An increase in their content in the extract of the analyzed soil samples corresponds to a decrease in their content in the residue of the extracted soil samples. The analysis of the values of the decrease in the content of natural radionuclides in the soil contaminated with uranyl nitrate corresponds to the values of the decrease in their content in the identical soil, but not contaminated with uranium isotopes. The combined extraction with weak solutions of acids and alkalis leads to the enrichment of the soil with nitrates and chlorine-containing compounds.
 The area of practical use of the research results: Subdivisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and Chemical Troops specializing in the study of emergencies and natural disasters can use the results of these studies in the elimination of the consequences of global environmental disasters and incidents that pose a threat to the life of the civilian population and the personnel of paramilitary units.
 Innovative technological product: The proposed method for treatment of soil contaminated with radionuclides makes it possible to more than tenfold reduce their concentration in the soil.
 Scope of application of an innovative technological product: treatment of contaminated soil in areas affected by nuclear tests or accidents at nuclear power plants.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Winterberg, F. "Mini Fission-Fusion-Fission Explosions (Mini-Nukes). A Third Way Towards the Controlled Release of Nuclear Energy by Fission and Fusion." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 59, no. 6 (2004): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2004-0603.

Full text
Abstract:
Chemically ignited nuclear microexplosions with a fissile core, a DT reflector and U238 (Th232) pusher, offer a promising alternative to magnetic and inertial confinement fusion, not only burning DT, but in addition U238 (or Th232), and not depending on a large expensive laser of electric pulse power supply. The prize to be paid is a gram size amount of fissile material for each microexplosion, but which can be recovered by breeding in U238.In such a “mini-nuke” the chemical high explosive implodes a spherical metallic shell onto a smaller shell, with the smaller shell upon impact becoming the source of intense black body radiation which vaporizes the ablator of a spherical U238 (Th232) pusher, with the pusher accelerated to a velocity of ∼200 km/s, sufficient to ignite the DT gas placed in between the pusher and fissile core, resulting in a fast fusion neutron supported fission reaction in the core and pusher. Estimates indicate that a few kg of high explosives are sufficient to ignite such a “mini-nuke”, with a gain of ∼103, releasing an energy equivalent to a few tons of TNT, still manageable for the microexplosion to be confined in a reactor vessel.A further reduction in the critical mass is possible by replacing the high explosive with fast moving solid projectiles. For light gas gun driven projectiles with a velocity of ∼ 10 km/s, the critical mass is estimated to be 0.25 g, and for magnetically accelerated 25 km/s projectiles it is as small as ∼ 0.05 g.With the much larger implosion velocities, reached by laser- or particle beam bombardment of the outer shell, the critical mass can still be much smaller with the fissile core serving as a fast ignitor.Increasing the implosion velocity decreases the overall radius of the fission-fusion assembly in inverse proportion to this velocity, for the 10 km/s light gas gun driven projectiles from 10 cm to 5 cm, for the 25 km/s magnetically projectiles down to 2 cm, and still more for higher implosion velocities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Griffin, Brendan J., Duncan Forbes, and Neal J. McNaughton. "An Evaluation of Dating of Diagenetic Xenotime by Electron Microprobe." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003453x.

Full text
Abstract:
Xenotime is an igneous mineral commonly present in pegmatite and fractionated granite. Recent studies reveal that it also forms as a diagenetic mineral. Minute (0.1-5 μm) xenotime overgrowths typically crystallise on the surfaces of detrital zircon shortly after sedimentation, in a wide range of siliciclastic sedimentary units. For example, in backscattered electron (BSE) imaging using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), two minute, euhedral, pyramidal, xenotime overgrowths on an oscillatory-zoned detrital Ambergate zircon are evident (figure 1).Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) geochronology is a chemical dating method that uses precisely measured concentrations of U, Th, and Pb, and the decay rates of U238, U235, and Th232, to calculate an age for a mineral. The EMPA dating method used in this study to date igneous xenotime and igneous-metamorphic monazite is the chemical isochron method (CHIME). EMPA geochronology is not a widely used technique because of the higher precision of isotopic geochronology.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kondylakis, J. S. "Theoretically and under very special applied conditions a nuclear fission reactor may explode as nuclear bomb." HNPS Proceedings 18 (November 23, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2558.

Full text
Abstract:
This article/presentation describes a theoretical and applied research in nuclear fission reactor systems. It concerns with theoretical approaches and in very special applied cases consideration where a common nuclear fission reactor system may be considered to explode as nuclear bomb. This research gives critical impacts to the design, operation, management and philosophy of nuclear fission reactors systems. It also includes a sensitivity analysis of a particular applied problem concerning the core melting of a nuclear reactor and its deposit to the bottom of reactor vessel. Specifically, in a typical nuclear fission power reactor system of about 1000 MWe, the nuclear core material (corium) in certain cases can be melted and it may deposited in the bottom of nuclear reactor vessel. So, the nuclear criticality conditions are evaluated for a particular example case(s). Assuming an example composition of melted corium of 98 tones of U238 , 1 tone of U235 , 1 tone Pu239 and 25 tones Fe56 (supporting material) in a 5 m diameter of a finite cylindrical nuclear reactor vessel it is found that it may result in nuclear criticality above the unit. This condition corresponds to Supercritical Fast Nuclear Fission Reactor case, which may under certain very special applied conditions to nuclear explode as nuclear bomb.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

عبد الوهاب مجيد محمد, علي. "استخدام طريقة القوائم في تقييم الأثر البيئي للتسميد المعدني المتعاقب على تراكم بعض العناصر الملوثة الثقيلة والمشعة في ترب ناحية الراشدية". Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, № 44 (2021): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss44.2290.

Full text
Abstract:
لقد تم استخدام طريقة القوائم في تقييم الأثر البيئي للتسميد المعدني المتعاقب على تراكم بعض العناصر الثقيلة والمشعة في التربة والنباتات النامية في ناحية الراشدية ، إذ قام الباحث بجمع عدة عينات من الأسمدة المعدنية الشائعة الاستخدام في العراق وعينات من التربة ذات خواص كيميائية وفيزيائية مختلفة ، فضلاً عن النباتات النامية وكان نبات الطماطم نموذجاً خلال فترات زمنية مختلفة من الاستزراع ، إذ أظهرت نتائج التحليلات الإحصائية وجود فروقات عالية المعنوية بين معدلات تراكم العناصر الثقيلة مع اختلاف فترات الاستزراع ونوع التربة ، كما أشارت النتائج إلى وجود علاقة ارتباط قوية عند مستوى معنوية (5 %) بين محتوى التربة من العناصر الثقيلة وفترة الاستزراع وتركيزها في النباتات النامية فيها، وبينت النتائج أيضا وجود تأثير معنوي لنوع السماد المستخدم والمضاف لتربة في قيم محتواه من العناصر الثقيلة والمشعة الملوثة Pb ) ، Ni ، U238 ، ( Th232 ( *) إذ وجدت فروق معنوية بين محتوى الأسمدة النتروجينية والفوسفاتية والبوتاسية من تلك العناصر ، وبصورة عامة يمكن ترتيب محتوى الأسمدة من العناصر الملوثة الثقيلة ( Pb، Ni) على النحو التالي MAP < NPK < DAP < TSP ) ) ومن العناصر المشعة (U238 ، Th232) على النحو التالي NPK < MAP < DAP < TSP ) ) ، وبين اختبار التحليل لمجموعة واسعة من الأسمدة المعدنية الصناعية المنتجة إن بعض اسمدة الفوسفات ومغذيات العناصر الصغرى والصخر الفوسفاتي تحتوي على مستويات مرتفعة من الكادميوم والزرنيخ والرصاص واليورانيوم والثوريوم مقارنة مع أنواع الاسمدة الأخرى كالأسمدة النتروجينية والبوتاسية والجبسية .
 
 ( * ) ( TSP سماد السوبر فوسفات ، DAP سماد فوسفات الامونيوم الثنائي ، NPK الأسمدة المركبة ، MAP سماد الامونيوم الاحادي ) .
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kamil, Dalia Khawwam, and ,. Asma Ahmad Aziz. "Determination of radionuclide concentrations in cigarette tobacco by using Thallium-doped NaI (TI) scintillate technique." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v25i2.961.

Full text
Abstract:
This study includes the determination of natural and industrial radionuclides concentrations in different samples of cigarette tobacco. The radionuclides are U238, Th332 series and K40, as well as industrial radionuclides of Cs137.Radiation risk coefficients were calculated. The results showed that the specific activity rates of Ra226, Bi207, Ac228, K40, and Cs137 were within the global limit. The radiological hazard radium equivalent Raeq , intake dose (Dɣ), annual effective dose for external and internal exposure (AEDEout and AEDEin), health risk external and internal hazard indices data (Hex and Hin) and gamma risk radiation were all lower than the allowable global limits
 
 http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.033
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Aryanto, Noor Cahyo Dwi, Lili Sarmili, Emmy Suparka, and Haryadi Permana. "Karakteristik Intensitas Radioaktivitas Batuan dan Sedimen Terpilih di Pantai Sedau, Kalimantan Barat." EKSPLORIUM 36, no. 2 (2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2015.36.2.2773.

Full text
Abstract:
Intensitas pancaran unsur radioaktif berdasarkan data aktivitas batuan dan aktivitas pancaran ß serbuk di Pantai Sedau dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis Spektrometer Gamma dan alat cacah ß terhadap sembilan contoh sedimen dan batuan. Intensitas radioaktif batuan memperlihatkan kisaran U238 dari 0,1202 ± 0,008 Bq/25gr hingga 0,4348 ± 0,005 Bq/25gr; Th232 0,0768 ± 0,005 Bq/25gr hingga 0,4812 ± 0,015 Bq/25gr; sedangkan intensitas gross gammanya berkisar dari 1,0503 ± 0,029 Bq/25gr hingga 5,6433 ± 0,273 Bq/25gr. Semua contoh yang memiliki intensitas unsur radioaktif untuk aktivitas batuan tinggi berasal dari batuan yang sama (monzogranit), yaitu di lokasi SKP08-04. Hasil yang sama pada pancaran ß serbuknya yang memperlihatkan aktivitas ß gross tertinggi juga terjadi di lokasi SKP08-04 pada batuan monzogranit dengan intensitas paparan 0,370 ± 0,025 Bq/25gr. Berdasarkan pengamatan petrografi, monzogranit di SKP08-04 memperlihatkan pelimpahan feldspar dengan kondisi yang relatif belum teralterasi sedangkan berdasarkan analisis geokimia memperlihatkan afinitas berupa seri kalk-alkali yang tinggi potasium. The intensity of the radioactive elements based on the rock activity data and ß powder emission activity on Sedau Coast were done using Gamma Spectrometer analysis method and ß detector to the nine samples of sediment and rocks. Radioactive intensity of U238 in rocks showed a range from 0.1202 ± 0.008 Bq/ 25gr to 0.4348 ± 0.005 Bq/ 25gr; Th232 0.0768 ± 0.005 Bq/ 25gr to 0.4812 ± 0.015 Bq/ 25gr; while the gross gamma intensity ranged from 1.0503 ± 0.029 Bq/ 25gr to 5.6433 ± 0.273 Bq/25gr. All the sample that has high intensity of radioactive element, occurs in the same rock (monzogranite) which is from samples in location SKP08-04. The same results in the emission of ß powder, which showed the highest gross ß activity also occurs in the rocks monzogranite (SKP08-04) with exposure intensity was 0.370 ± 0.025 Bq/25gr. Based on petrographic observations, monzogranite in SKP08-04 showed the presence of abundant feldspar with the condition which relatively not altered, whereas the affinity based on geochemical analysis showed a calc-alkaline series of high potassium.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Jahnke, U., G. Ingold, D. Hilscher, M. Lehmann, E. Schwinn, and P. Zank. "Violence of Heavy-Ion Reactions from Neutron Multiplicity: (11 to 20)A-MeVNe20+U238." Physical Review Letters 57, no. 2 (1986): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.57.190.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ariani, Menik, Zaki Su’ud, and Fiber Monado. "Design of Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor 600MWth with Natural Uranium As Fuel Circle Input." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 14, no. 1 (2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v14i1.476.

Full text
Abstract:
This article presents the conceptual design of gas-cooled fast reactor (helium), the small size of the long-lived 600 MWth. Early stages of the design is to determine the geometry of the terrace, the value of the volume fraction and the mass fraction of fuel, cladding and coolant structure to calculate the parameters of reactivity, burnup, power distribution and density changes nuclides U238 and Pu239. The calculation is done using SRAC-CITATION code. SRAC code with JENDL-3.2 Data nuclides produced macroscopic cross section values for the eight energy group. Multi-group numerical solution of diffusion equations for 2-D geometry terrace RZ performed by CITATION code. The study results showed that the scheme Modified CANDLE, thermal power output is 600 MWth, with a fuel cycle for 10 years. This reactor has the advantage of requiring only the input of natural uranium in the fuel cycle, without the need for enrichment processes that affect the economic value. Keywords : Reactor, natural uranium, modified candle, burnup
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "U238"

1

Hedin, Thomas. "Geokemisk utvärdering av uran i LKAB:sgruvvatten i Malmberget : Sammanställning och tolkning av mätdata." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85586.

Full text
Abstract:
Havs- och vattenmyndigheten har tagit fram föreskrifter om klassificering, miljökvalitetsnormer och bedömningsgrunder avseende ekologisk status av ytvatten där uran klassificeras som ett särskilt förorenade ämne. LKAB som är ett statligt ägt bolag som bedriver gruvverksamheter i Kiruna, Malmberget och Svappavaara har ålagt sig att utreda förekomsten av uran i sitt gruvvatten. Denna studie har sitt fokus på gruvverksamheten i Malmberget där höga koncentrationer av uran har upptäckts i gruvvattnet och källan till detta behöver utredas. Examensarbetet har utförts tillsammans med Luleå Tekniska Universitet och LKAB.  LKAB har utfört vattenprovtagningar i gruvvatten en gång under 2018, 2019 och 2021 varderna samt i bergborrade hål en gång under 2019 samt 2021. Proverna har analyserats efter metaller och isotoper. Gruvvattnet har generellt mycket högre uranhalter. Isotopkvoten 234U/238U har studerats för att spåra källan till uranet och resultaten visar ett flertal källor där fyra övergripande grupperingar kunde påvisas. Även data från borrkärnor har studerats för att jämföra spatiala variationer mellan vattenproverna och de fasta proverna från borrkärnorna. Hypotesen har varit att oxiderat yt- och grundvatten infiltrerar gruvan och lakar ut uran från mineralen uraninit, anhydrit, gips, titanit, apatit, monazit och stilbit. Hypotesen har varit baserad på den litteraturstudie som utförts samt tidigare studier i Malmberget.  Datatolkning inom varje grupp samt visualisering av data har utförts i ioGAS, Leapfrog, QGIS, PHREEQC, Geochemist Workbench och Excel. Resultaten indikerar att de höga koncentrationerna av uran är en följd av gruvverksamheten. Uranet mobiliseras av oxiderat vatten som infiltrerar gruvan från både inras-zoner och naturliga sprickbildningar och transporteras som karbonatkomplex. Projektet har även påvisat att uranförekomsterna i det Västra fältet av Malmberget troligtvis domineras av uraninit medan det Östra fältet troligtvis domineras även av anhydrit, gips och salter. Vidare har de högsta koncentrationerna av uran i berg lokaliserats i granit och pegmatit i samband med hydrotermala zoner i granitisk berggrund. Även malmen har genom SEM-analys påvisats innehålla uranmineral i inneslutningar i titanit. Resultatet har visat att kvoten 234U/238U kan användas som en indikator till olika källor av uran. För att visa vilka mineral som är dominerande och bidragande källor till de höga urankoncentrationerna i Malmbergets gruvvatten behöver mineralogin undersökas mer noggrant och i större omfattning.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Santos, Rosana Nunes dos. "Implantação da Metodologia de Espectrometria Alfa para a Determinação de Isótopos de U E Th em Rochas Ígneas: Aplicação ao Estudo do Desequilíbrio Radioativo na Ilha da Trindade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14132/tde-21032006-121047/.

Full text
Abstract:
Este trabalho descreve detalhadamente a implantação de rotinas experimentais para a determinação das atividades de 238U, 234U e 230Th pela técnica de espectrometria alfa. As melhores condições foram obtidas utilizando-se traçadores de 233U, 232U e 229Th, simulando algumas situações comumente encontradas no processamento de silicatos. A qualidade das determinações foi avaliada efetuando-se testes com os padrões geológicos brasileiros BB-1 (basalto) e GB-1 (granito). O processamento radioquímico consta das seguintes etapas: adição de traçadores radioativos e dissolução das amostras através de digestão ácida, pré-concentração de U e Th por co-precipitação, separação e purificação desses elementos por cromatografia de troca iônica e eletrodeposição em discos de aço inoxidável. Os rendimentos químicos para a determinação de urânio e tório, para ambos os padrões, são da ordem de 60% e 70%, respectivamente. Esta metodologia fornece resultados com elevados níveis de precisão (precisão relativa inferior a 4%) e de exatidão (da ordem de 1%), que são fundamentais para aplicações em estudos petrogenéticos. A espectrometria alfa, juntamente com os métodos de análise por ativação neutrônica e espectrometria gama natural, foram aplicados ao estudo do desequilíbrio radioativo nas rochas vulcânicas da Ilha da Trindade e em um fonólito de Martin Vaz. Com isso, foram determinadas as razões de atividades (234U/238U), (238U/232Th) e (230Th/232Th), como também as atividades dos nuclídeos 234Th, 214Pb, 214Bi, 235U, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi e 208Tl. As análises químicas de elementos maiores e menores, obtidas por meio da técnica de fluorescência de raios X, auxiliaram na interpretação desses resultados. No estudo da série do 232Th, verificou-se que a condição de equilíbrio radioativo foi atingida, indicando que o sistema permaneceu fechado para todos os seus membros nos últimos 40 anos. As rochas mais antigas da ilha (Complexo Trindade e Seqüência Desejado) encontram-se em equilíbrio radioativo secular na série do 238U, conforme esperado. Por outro lado, os resultados da análise das rochas pertencentes aos três últimos episódios vulcânicos (Formação Morro Vermelho, Formação Valado e Vulcão do Paredão) ocorridos em Trindade, mostram que a série do 238U encontra-se em desequilíbrio radioativo entre 230Th e 238U. Além disso, as únicas 3 amostras da Formação Morro Vermelho analisadas por espectrometria gama mostraram desequilíbrio entre 226Ra e 238U. As determinações das razões de atividades (238U/232Th) e (230Th/232Th) permitiram estimar a idade da Formação Morro Vermelho em cerca de 140.000 anos. No caso de Martin Vaz, uma única amostra disponível (fonólito peralcalino) mostrou um forte desequilíbrio entre 226Ra e 238U, o qual foi interpretado como resultante de uma perda substancial de Ra, ocorrida no intervalo de 8.000 e 40 anos atrás.<br>This work describes the implementation of experimental procedures for alpha spectrometry measurement of 238U, 234U and 230Th activities in silicates. The best experimental conditions were defined using 233U, 232U and 229Th radioactive tracers and simulating the usual conditions found in processing silicates. The chemical procedures consists of the following steps: radioactive tracer addition and sample dissolution by acid digestion, U and Th pre-concentration by co-precipitation, element separation and purification by ion exchange chromatography and electrodeposition in inox steel disks. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, the procedure was applied to the Brazilian geological standards BB-1 (basalt) and GB-1 (granite). The obtained chemical yields for uranium and thorium are of about 60% and 70%, respectively, for both matrices. The described methodology furnishes activity measurements with less than 4% relative precisions and accuracies of about 1%, that are essential for petrogenetic applications. The 238U and 232Th series disequilibrium conditions were investigated by alpha spectrometry, together with neutron activation analysis and natural gamma-ray spectrometry. 234U/238U, 238U/232Th and 230Th/232Th activity ratios and the 234Th, 214Pb, 214Bi, 235U, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi and 208Tl specific activities were obtained. These results were interpreted with the help of additional constraints given by the larger and smaller elements concentrations, measured by X-ray fluorescence. The 232Th series is in secular radioactive equilibrium in all analysed samples. In the case of the 238U series, the equilibrium condition was verified, as expected, in the oldest rocks from the Trindade Island (Trindade Complex and Desejado Sequence). On the other hand, the results show that, in the samples from the last three volcanic episodes in the island (Morro Vermelho Formation, Valado Formation and Vulcão do Paredão), the 230Th and 238U are not in equilibrium. Furthermore the three Morro Vermelho Formation samples analysed by gamma spectrometry showed the disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U. The obtained (238U/232Th) and (230Th/232Th) activity ratios allowed to estimate a 140,000 y age for the Morro Vermelho Formation. In the case of the Martin Vaz sample (peralkaline phonolite) a strong disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U was observed, suggesting a substantial loss of 226Ra between 8,000 y and 40 y ago.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Haag, Nils-Holger [Verfasser], Lothar [Akademischer Betreuer] Oberauer, and Hubert [Akademischer Betreuer] Kroha. "Experimental Determination of the Antineutrino Spectrum of the Fission Products of U238 / Nils-Holger Haag. Gutachter: Lothar Oberauer ; Hubert Kroha. Betreuer: Lothar Oberauer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044073691/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Warren, Stuart. "Development of the STEFF detector for the neutron Time Of Flight facility (n TOF), CERN." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-the-steff-detector-for-the-neutron-time-of-flight-facility-n-tof-cern(b1e862e4-a841-47ef-a0b4-7834693f64fe).html.

Full text
Abstract:
Significant work has been performed on the development of STEFF (SpecTrometer for Exotic Fission Fragments), a 2E2V (2-Energy 2-Velocity) spectrometer built by the University of Manchester Fission Group. The majority of this work was in the development of the time-of-flight systems, in particular the stop detector; with the main goals of improving the timing resolution and the detection effciency of the fission fragments. Further development of the STEFF spectrometer was done to enable 2E2V measurements of the 235U(n,f) reaction with coincident measurements using a white neutron spectra of energies ranging from 10 meV to200 MeV provided by the n TOF (neutron Time Of Flight) facility, CERN. The STEFF spectrometer was successfully operated twice on the Experimental Area-2 high flux pulsed neutron beam line resulting in 2E2V measurements for fission events with neutron energies ranging from 20 meV to 10 MeV. The first experiment received 1.36x10^18 POT (Protons On Target) with stable conditions and the second received 1.53x10^18 POT with stable conditions. The development of the stop detector resulted in a replacement MWPC (Multi-Wire Proportional Counter) detector for the second of the two experiments. This allowed direct comparison for the timing coincidence resolution, sigma_c, between the start and stop detectors and gave sigma_c = 0.81+/-0.08 ns for the prior PPAC (Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter) detector and sigma_c = 0.40 +/- 0.04 ns for the MWPC. The MWPC gave improved the detection efficiency per fission fragment of Eff = 0.67 compared to Eff = 0.43 for the PPAC. The methods and research described in this work also provided alternate stop detector designs with greater performance. This work produced two large data sets from the two successful deployments of the STEFF spectrometer on the n TOF beam line that will be the future work of many nuclear structure scientists to come.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hooton, Steven Paul Thomas. "The isolation, characterization, and utilization of bacteriophages to control the endemic United Kingdom pig pathogen Salmonella typhimurium U288." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605871.

Full text
Abstract:
Pathogenic microorganisms in the food production environment are a global health concern. The impact sustained from years of antibiotics misuse as growth promoters, as well as their profligate use during infection control has allowed the dissemination of multiple drug resistant (MDR) pathogens throughout the food chain. Lytic bacteriophages are recognized as providing an alternative approach towards controlling MDR bacteria due to their relative ease of isolation, high degree of specificity, and potential to self-amplify at the site of infection. Salmonella Typhimurium U288 (STU288) is endemic in the UK pig production environment and displays resistance to a broad range of antibiotics. Screening of environmental samples identified a number of novel bacteriophage isolates (<DSH17LP, <DSH18SP, and <DSH19) that were found to be capable of infecting STU288 in vitro. The three isolates were combined in a bacteriophage cocktail (PCI) with the broad-host range Salmonella phage Felix 01. The application of PCI to pigskin experimentally-contaminated with STU288 produced significant reductions on samples stored at 4 QC over 96 hours. Multiplicities of infection (MOl) were found to be important with reductions observed only when PCI was administered in excess of S. Typhimurium U288 (MOl of 10 or greater). Sequencing of the STU288 genome identified the genetic loci of a range of antibiotic resistance determinants, the majority of which are plasmid-encoded. The genome sequence of the <DSH19 (Myoviridae) was also obtained allowing it to be grouped within the newly-described Viunalikeviruses of the T4-like phage family. The study described here provides proof of principle that phage biosanitization of STU288 (and other Salmonella) is a viable option for IX controlling the microorganism during pork production. The complete genome sequences of STU288 and <DSH19 will allow the development of further phage biocontrol protocols, as well as pathogenesis studies of STU288 in pigs. x
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Moore, Robert D. Jr. "A New Look at Hard Labor Creek Observatory." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_theses/15.

Full text
Abstract:
This document presents a study of astronomical observing conditions of Hard Labor Creek Observatory. Analysis of factors such as sky brightness, astonomical seeing, and patterns in the level of cloudiness at the site are presented. Characteristics of the observatory's Apogee Alta U230 camera are also measured and calculated. These characteristics include loss of linearity in the CCD's response to light, read noise, gain, dark current, and stability in the camera's bias levels. The camera is also used in conjunction with the 20-inch RC Optics telescope to determine the system's pixel scale and a set of limiting magnitudes for the Johnson-Cousins photometric filters that are used with the camera. Observations of a transit of known transiting exoplanet Qatar-2 b as well as observations of the open cluster Messier 29 are also performed to demonstrate the ability of the equipment to perform precise photometric observations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Schmalhofer, Alexander [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Lames, Florian [Gutachter] Kainz, and Filip [Gutachter] Mess. "Perturbationsprofile im Nachwuchsleistungsfußball : Am Beispiel der U15-, U17-, U19- und U23-Mannschaft eines Bundesligisten / Alexander Schmalhofer. Betreuer: Martin Lames. Gutachter: Florian Kainz ; Martin Lames ; Filip Mess." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110564684X/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Murray, Elizabeth. "Measurement of prompt gamma-ray energy distribution and multiplicity of U-235 following thermal fission using STEFF." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/measurement-of-prompt-gammaray-energy-distribution-and-multiplicity-of-u235-following-thermal-fission-using-steff(237a3928-95a1-4a5f-b905-44ad23368f98).html.

Full text
Abstract:
More accurate knowledge of gamma-ray heating in nuclear reactors has beenlisted as a high priority request by the NEA [23]. In response to this the SpecTrometerfor Exotic Fission Fragments (STEFF), a 2-velocity, 2-energy spectrometer assembledby the Manchester Fission Group has been used to take measurements ofprompt gamma-rays from thermal fission of U-235. Through the procedures discussed,the average total gamma-ray energy and average multiplicity were determined to be8.40 +/- 0.26 MeV and 7.74 +/- 0.12, respectively. The single energy spectrum for eachindividual detector has been determined as well as the total energy distribution. A new parallel plate avalanche counter has been tested for its potential to improvethe timing resolution of the current STEFF stop detector. The timing resolution ofthe new detector is found to be 337 ps, an improvement of 75 % on the previous stopdetector. The pulse shapes created by a fission fragment in an ionisation chamber havebeen investigated. The relationship with fragment atomic number has been tested byemploying the Lohengrin spectrometer to separate fragments by mass so that theirindividual pulse shapes can be studied. Evaluation work has been performed at the NNL, Cumbria, under the supervisionof Dr Robert Mills. Experimental data determined from the spontaneous fission ofCf-252 has been extracted and evaluation techniques performed upon it so that thedata can be considered for inclusion within an evaluated nuclear database.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

CHANG, AI, and 張愛. "A Study for the Future Shopping Features of U23." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/drg849.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士<br>東吳大學<br>國際經營與貿易學系<br>106<br>Owing to new technological advances and growing Internet popularizing rate, online shopping has become an important channel for consumers to purchase goods and the importance of online information has also been strengthened. Previous research on consumer behavior mainly focused on shopping motivation and attitudes rather than specific group of customers. In this study, used LCA and the chi-square test to explore the relationship between U23 consumers' digital lifestyles, marketing and community information searching behavior and online shopping behavior. The main experiments and results were as follows (1) Lurkers are willing to use digital technology and their online shopping frequency and amount are both high. (b) The more active their digital life are, the more dependent on marketing and community information. Those with heavy marketing information reliance tend to be heavy online shopping users, however community information dependency is not significant related with online shopping behavior. (3) The most important marketing information source for subjects are official website and the price information. As for the community information are score and comments on social media.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hořejší, Veronika. "Dobrovolnictví ve sportu - FIS MS v klasickém lyžování juniorů a závodníků do 23 let Liberec 2013." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324820.

Full text
Abstract:
Title: Voluntarism in Sports - FIS Nordic Junior & U23 World Ski Championships Liberec 2013 Objectives: The main target of the thesis is to evaluate the area of voluntarism during the FIS Nordic Junior & U23 World Ski Championships Liberec 2013 and to suggest recommendations for working with volunteers during other future sports events in the Liberec area. Methods: The method of electronic survey and subsequent observation was chosen for the research. The sample of respondents was chosen from the team of FIS Nordic Junior & U23 World Ski Championships Liberec 2013 volunteers. Results: The research showed that the organization of the volunteer program at FIS World Junior and U23 athletes was evaluated by the volunteers very positively; however, the research revealed weaknesses in the individual items of the agenda. The improvements are focused on the recruitment part of the program, training of the volunteers and the final evaluation and rewarding of the volunteers. Based on the results of the research, the draft of recommendations and proposals, which are suitable for further work with volunteers at sporting events, was compiled. Keywords: Voluntarism, volunteer, FIS Nordic Junior & U23 World Ski Championships Liberec 2013, methods of working with volunteers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "U238"

1

Watson, Glen Derek. Body and gut concentrations of Ra226 and U238 in limnephilid caddisfly harvae (trichoptera) from lakes influenced by uranium tailings near Elliot Lake, Ontario. Laurentian University Press, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Germany's last mission to Japan: The failed voyage of U-234. Naval Institute Press, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hirschfeld, Wolfgang. Das letzte Boot: Atlantik farewell. Universitas, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bonin, Bernard, and Jean-Marc Cavedon. Moi, U235, atome radioactif. Flammarion, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Manning, George, and Kent Curtis. Performance: Managing for Excellence (Stock No. U258). Thomson South-Western, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

The World Market for Uranium and Its Compounds Enriched in U235; Plutonium and Its Compounds and Alloys; and Other Products Containing Enriched Uranium or Plutonium: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Uranium and Its Compounds Enriched in U235; Plutonium and Its Compounds and Alloys; and Other Products Containing Enriched Uranium or Plutonium: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Uranium and Its Compounds Depleted in U235; Thorium and Its Compounds and Alloys; and Other Products Containing Uranium Depleted in ... or Thorium: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

The World Market for Uranium and Its Compounds Depleted in U235; Thorium and Its Compounds and Alloys; and Other Products Containing Uranium Depleted in ... or Thorium: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "U238"

1

Pazirandeh, A., and Y. Ahmedi-zadeh. "Averaged U238 Fission Cross Section Measurement in Cf-252 Neutron Spectrum." In Nuclear Data for Science and Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58113-7_33.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hoffmann, Klaus. "Der amerikanische Supersprengstoff U235." In Schuld und Verantwortung. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58030-7_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hoffmann, Klaus. "The American Super-Explosive U235." In Otto Hahn. Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0101-1_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Schennach, S., A. Müller, M. Wagner, et al. "Recombination of free electrons with U28+ ions." In Atomic Physics of Highly Charged Ions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76658-9_51.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

GHIORSO, A., J. W. BRITTAIN, W. M. MANNING, and G. T. SEABORG. "The Uranium Isotope U236." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795953_0026.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gofman, J. W., and G. T. Seaborg. "PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF U232 AND Pa232." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795953_0025.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

GHIORSO, A., G. H. HIGGINS, A. E. LARSH, G. T. SEABORG, and S. G. THOMPSON. "Spontaneous Fission of U234, Pu236, Cm240, and Cm244." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795953_0079.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

SEABORG, G. T., J. W. GOFMAN, and R. W. STOUGHTON. "Nuclear Properties of U233: A New Fissionable Isotope of Uranium." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795953_0024.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

HAGEMANN, F., L. I. KATZIN, M. H. STUDIER, A. GHIORSO, and G. T. SEABORG. "The (4n+1) Radioactive Series: The Decay Products of U233." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795953_0072.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

FOREMAN, BRUCE M., WALTER M. GIBSON, RICHARD A. GLASS, and GLENN T. SEABORG. "Spallation-Fission Competition in Heavy-Element Reactions: Th232+He4 and U233+d." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795953_0091.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "U238"

1

Shcherbakov, Oleg A. "Prefission and capture gamma-rays in neutron resonances of U235, U238 and Pu239." In The tenth international symposium on capture gamma-ray spectroscopyand related topics. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361461.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Venneri, Francesco, Yonghee Kim, Donald McEachern, Carl-Magnus Persson, and Chang-Keun Jo. "The Analysis of the Thorium-Fueled Modular Helium-Cooled Reactor." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58315.

Full text
Abstract:
The potential of thorium fertile fuel has been evaluated for a graphite-moderated MHR (Modular Helium Reactor) from the perspective of a self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle in the MHR. The 3-D core analyses have been performed with the thermal-hydraulic-coupled computer code systems (HELIOS-MASTER). The feasibility of a self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle in MHR was evaluated for a simplified equilibrium fuel cycle. A mixed oxide fuel (ThO2-UO2) was used. Whole-core analysis was performed with the MASTER code for various core configurations. In the core analysis, a 3-batch radial fuel shuffling scheme was adopted to find an equilibrium fuel cycle. Three types of fuel blocks were considered: a homogeneous fuel arrangement and two seed-blanket arrangements. It was found that a near self-sustainable U233-Th fuel cycle (conversion ratio = 0.95∼0.97) is feasible for the MHRs with the appropriate U-233 and Th-232 loadings. To achieve a high conversion ratio while maintaining a long cycle length, it is essential to maximize the thorium loading (∼30 tons) and at the same time soften the neutron spectrum to achieve sufficient reactivity. In order to achieve conversion ratios over 0.95 and an 18-month cycle length, the moderator volume needs to be increased with respect to the regular MHR design. Also, removing the inner graphite reflectors increases noticeably the core performance in terms of the conversion ratio and cycle length. A special seed-blanket block configuration (ISB, with seed and blanket fuels in the inner and outer regions of a block, respectively) provides a superior conversion ratio with respect to a homogeneously fueled block, whereas reversing the placement of seed and blanket in the ISB block configuration (with seed fuels in the outer zone) results in a worse performance. In the case of the U233-Th fuel cycle, the fissile (U233+U235) fraction in the discharged fuel is almost 90%. Denaturing of the uranium vector in the self-sustainable U233-Th fuel was investigated by adding 10% LEU in the fuel, to make the initial fissile fraction ∼20.5%. Neutronic analysis of the operation with denatured fuel reveals that the conversion ratio is substantially reduced and the available cycle length is much shorter.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hanke, Richard, Phaidra Campbell, Colin Lavassar, and John Sleavin. "Ground Improvements for Seattle's U230 U-Link Tunnel Construction." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Grouting and Deep Mixing. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412350.0069.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Paulson, L. "K-Infinite Comparison of Uranium Compounds at 5 wt.% U235." In Tranactions - 2019 Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t31113.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kurniawan, Eri, Ruswan Dallyono, and Janriko Abdussalam Sadiq. "TV Football Commentary of Indonesia U23 Against South Korea U23 Match: An analysis of lexical and syntactic features." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.120.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kurniawan, Eri, Ruswan Dallyono, and Janriko Abdussalam Sadiq. "TV Football Commentary of Indonesia U23 Against South Korea U23 Match: An analysis of lexical and syntactic features." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kurniawan, Eri, Ruswan Dallyono, and Janriko Abdussalam Sadiq. "TV Football Commentary of Indonesia U23 Against South Korea U23 Match: An analysis of lexical and syntactic features." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.228.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Terrell, Charles W. "Advantages and Implications of U233 Fueled Thermionic Space Power Energy Conversion." In 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (1992). SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/929504.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Olson, R. E. "Projectile Ionization in Collisions of U28+ and Xe18+ with Gases." In APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: 17TH International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1619694.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Svitak, Frantisek, Karel Svoboda, and Josef Podlaha. "Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Shipment From the Czech Republic to the Russian Federation." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16195.

Full text
Abstract:
In May 2004, the Global Threat Reduction Initiative agreement was signed by the governments of the United States and the Russian Federation. The goal of this initiative is to minimize, in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, the existing threat of misuse of nuclear and radioactive materials for terrorist purposes, particularly highly enriched uranium (HEU), fresh and spent nuclear fuel (SNF), and plutonium, which have been stored in a number of countries. Within the framework of the initiative, HEU materials and SNF from research reactors of Russian origin will be transported back to the Russian Federation for reprocessing/liquidation. The program is designated as the Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return (RRRFR) Program and is similar to the U.S. Foreign Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Acceptance Program, which is underway for nuclear materials of United States origin. These RRRFR activities are carried out under the responsibilities of the respective ministries (i.e., U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Russian Federation Rosatom). The Czech Republic and the Nuclear Research Institute Rez, plc (NRI) joined Global Threat Reduction Initiative in 2004. During NRI’s more than 50 years of existence, radioactive and nuclear materials had accumulated and had been safely stored on its grounds. In 1995, the Czech regulatory body, State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS), instructed NRI that all ecological burdens from its past activities must be addressed and that the SNF from the research reactor LVR-15 had to be transported for reprocessing. At the end of November 2007, all these activities culminated with the unique shipment to the Russian Federation of 527 fuel assemblies of SNF type EK-10 (enrichment 10% U235) and IRT-M (enrichment 36% and 80% U235) and 657 irradiated fuel rods of EK-10 fuel, which were used in LVR-15 reactor.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "U238"

1

Moir, Ralph. U232 Nonproliferation Features. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1124839.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Clark, D. U235: a gamma ray analysis code for uranium isotopic determination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/310887.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ziock, Klaus-Peter, J. B. Alameda, N. F. Brejnholt, et al. Direct Measurement of U235 and Pu239 in Spent Fuel Rods with Gamma-Ray Mirrors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1328266.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography