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1

Toliupa, Sergey, Yuriy Kravchenko, and Aleksander Trush. "ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF UBIQUITOUS SENSOR NETWORKS." Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8643.

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The article deals with the implementation of one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century – the permeable sensor networks of the USN. The features, architecture, organization and routing algorithms of sensory networks are described. It is determined that further improvement of the work of such networks requires standardization of the development process and implementation process. USN's Vertical Sensor Networks is one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century. Cheap and "smart" sensors, in large quantities combined into a wireless network connected to the public communications network, today provide an unprecedentedly wide range of control and management services for buildings, businesses, cars, and so forth. USN networks, depending on the type of sensors, can be deployed on the ground, in the air, under and over water, in buildings and, finally, on the skin and inside living organisms, including humans. They are also widely used in such important areas as military affairs, crisis and emergency management, and the fight against terrorism.
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2

Kim, Marie, Jun Wook Lee, and Hoy Chan Bang. "Research on Middleware in Ubiquitious Sensor Network Envionment." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.927.

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IT infrastructure is evolving in a way to use physical information for providing context-aware services to the users and if necessary, to put some actions on the physical world for reacting appropriately based on perception on the physical world. Ubiquitous sensor network (USN) environment consists of various types of sensors and actuators to perceive and communicate with physical world. USN middleware is the system which collects physical information from various sensors and controls physical world with heterogeneous actuators on behalf of USN services. ETRI has been researching and developing USN middleware and this paper intends to introduce the results and the ongoing project.
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3

Li, X., and Y. Y. Yu. "Application of Ubiquitous Sensor Network in Collection and Analysis of CNC Machine Tool Processing Status Information." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.621.

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Because of the practical requirement of real-time collection and analysis of CNC machine tool processing status information, we discuss the necessity and feasibility of applying ubiquitous sensor network(USN) in CNC machine tools by analyzing the characteristics of ubiquitous sensor network and the development trend of CNC machine tools, and application of machine tool thermal error compensation based on USN is presented.
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4

Karimi, Maryam, Reza Javidan, and Manijeh Keshtgari. "A New Method for Intelligent Message Network Management in Ubiquitous Sensor Networks." Computer Engineering and Applications Journal 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18495/comengapp.v3i3.69.

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Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) computing is a useful technology forautonomic integrating in different environments which can be available anywhere.Managing USN plays an important role on the availability of nodes and paths. Inorder to manage nodes there is a cyclic route starts from manager, passing nodes,and come back to manager as feedback. In this paper, a new, self-optimizing methodpresented for finding this cyclic path by combining epsilon greedy and geneticalgorithm and then it is compared with other well-known methods in terms of cost ofthe route they find and the power consumption. The results show that the route thatis found by our new method costs at least 53% less than other methods. However insome cases, it uses 32% more energy for finding the route which can be compensatein traversing the shorter route. The overall simulation results in prototype data showthe effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Park, Jong-Hyun, and Ji-Hoon Kang. "USN Metadata Definition and Metadata Management System for Ubiquitous Sensor Network." Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2011): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2011.16.6.143.

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Kwak, Pill Jae, Seog Ku Kim, Sang Leen Yun, Sung Won Kang, Hyun Dong Lee, Joo Yeon Lee, Hyo Jin Ban, Keun Ho Yang, Hee Jae Oh, and Young Sung Kim. "Establishment of Waternode Stations for Water Quality Monitoring by IP-USN." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.610.

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Waternode station is a floating composite water quality monitoring device. The waternode station houses the multiple water quality measurement devices, control panel for wireless communication and solar cells for applying electric power. The floating devices are classified into general model with vertical dropping system and river model without vertical dropping system. The water quality measurement device measures pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and nitrate. And it measures all parameters simultaneously. The control panel is used for IP-USN system. USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) is a network system by water quality measurement devices. IP-USN is a USN system that identifies particular sensor connected to the internet. The data information is transferred by wireless modem based on TFB (Triple Frequency Band). Field application results showed that the waternode station is a reliable and cost-effective water quality monitoring solutions.
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7

Bagula, Antoine B., Isaac Osunmakinde, and Marco Zennaro. "On the Relevance of Using Bayesian Belief Networks in Wireless Sensor Networks Situation Recognition." Sensors 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2010): 11001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s101211001.

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Achieving situation recognition in ubiquitous sensor networks (USNs) is an important issue that has been poorly addressed by both the research and practitioner communities. This paper describes some steps taken to address this issue by effecting USN middleware intelligence using an emerging situation awareness (ESA) technology. We propose a situation recognition framework where temporal probabilistic reasoning is used to derive and emerge situation awareness in ubiquitous sensor networks. Using data collected from an outdoor environment monitoring in the city of Cape Town, we illustrate the use of the ESA technology in terms of sensor system operating conditions and environmental situation recognition.
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LEE, WOOJIN, JUIL KIM, and JANGMOOK KANG. "A FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION OF NODE SOFTWARE USING LOW-LEVEL ATTRIBUTES IN USN APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 22, no. 05 (August 2012): 675–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194012500192.

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Nodes comprising ubiquitous sensor networks have limited processing speed, storage capacity and communication bandwidth. Developing a USN application considering such problems is a difficult task. In this paper, a framework for automated construction of node software using low-level attributes is presented in order to support the developers who are not familiar with developing USN applications for their effective development of USN applications. The presented framework consists of attributes necessary for designing an application, code templates necessary for generating softwares for sensor nodes in the application, and tools necessary for designing and generating the application. Through the presented framework, the developers can easily design a USN application by using low-level attributes and automatically generate node softwares for the USN application. Therefore, development productivity will be increased.
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9

Hong, Sung-Il, and Chi-Ho Lin. "A Multi-Protocol Gateway Middleware Design on Ubiquitous Sensor Networks." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 38B, no. 11 (November 30, 2013): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2013.38b.11.895.

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Lee, Sung Pil. "System in Package of Integrated Humidity Sensor Using CMOS-MEMS Technology." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 7503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11162.

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Temperature/humidity microchips with micropump were fabricated using a CMOS-MEMS process and combined with ZigBee modules to implement a sensor system in package (SIP) for a ubiquitous sensor network (USN) and/or a wireless communication system. The current of a diode temperature sensor to temperature and a normalized current of FET humidity sensor to relative humidity showed linear characteristics, respectively, and the use of the micropump has enabled a faster response. A wireless reception module using the same protocol as that in transmission systems processed the received data within 10 m and showed temperature and humidity values in the display.
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11

Maso, Josep M., Tomas Gonzalez, Jordi Male, Joaquim Porte, Joan L. Pijoan, and David Badia. "NVIS Multicarrier Modulations for Remote-Sensor Applications." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216232.

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The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has experienced a large growth during the last decade, as well as the data volume gathered from remote sensors. Satellites are still a suitable communication method and may be preferable for a remote ubiquitous sensor network (USN), which sometimes are located in places without much communications infrastructure where coverage is the principal drawback. Alternatively, the proposed solution for this article aims at a near-vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) channel for high frequencies (HF) with a low-cost platform, allowing a low-power transmissions coverage area up to 250 km for USN. The HF standards are focused on generic communication channels not being robust for NVIS communications. In this article we study and test an alternative based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulations to make them more robust and less dependent on the channel NVIS communications. For that purpose, we test the HF standard modulations and a designed OFDM modulation to prove the robustness of each. This study has been tested between Barcelona and Tarragona, using different transmission power levels and modulation orders.
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Ding, Fei, Aiguo Song, En Tong, and Jianqing Li. "A Smart Gateway Architecture for Improving Efficiency of Home Network Applications." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2197237.

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A smart home gateway plays an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT) system that takes responsibility for the connection between the network layer and the ubiquitous sensor network (USN) layer. Even though the home network application is developing rapidly, researches on the home gateway based open development architecture are less. This makes it difficult to extend the home network to support new applications, share service, and interoperate with other home network systems. An integrated access gateway (IAGW) is proposed in this paper which upward connects with the operator machine-to-machine platform (M2M P/F). In this home network scheme, the gateway provides standard interfaces for supporting various applications in home environments, ranging from on-site configuration to node and service access. In addition, communication management ability is also provided by M2M P/F. A testbed of a simple home network application system that includes the IAGW prototype is created to test its user interaction capabilities. Experimental results show that the proposed gateway provides significant flexibility for users to configure and deploy a home automation network; it can be applied to other monitoring areas and simultaneously supports a multi-ubiquitous sensor network.
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13

Kim, Sangyong, Yoonseok Shin, and Gwang-Hee Kim. "Case Study on the Maintenance of a Construction Monitoring Using USN-Based Data Acquisition." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/879308.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the adoption of emerging ubiquitous sensor network (USN) technologies for instrumentation within a variety of sustainability systems. USN is emerging as a sensing paradigm that is being newly considered by the sustainability management field as an alternative to traditional tethered monitoring systems. Researchers have been discovering that USN is an exciting technology that should not be viewed simply as a substitute for traditional tethered monitoring systems. In this study, we investigate how a movement monitoring measurement system of a complex building is developed as a research environment for USN and related decision-supportive technologies. To address the apparent danger of building movement, agent-mediated communication concepts have been designed to autonomously manage large volumes of exchanged information. In this study, we additionally detail the design of the proposed system, including its principles, data processing algorithms, system architecture, and user interface specifics. Results of the test and case study demonstrate the effectiveness of the USN-based data acquisition system for real-time monitoring of movement operations.
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14

Gonzalez, Tomas, Joaquim Porte, Jordi Male, Joan Navarro, Josep M. Maso, Agustín Zaballos, Joan L. Pijoan, and David Badia. "SC-FDE Layer for Sensor Networks in Remote Areas Using NVIS Communications." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141636.

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Despite high costs and lengthy deployments, satellite communications have traditionally been used to provide coverage in remote areas. However, given the fact that there is no radio infrastructure available in these areas, Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) technology has positioned itself as an attractive alternative to communicate with low-power nodes in remote areas. This type of communication works in the HF frequency range complying with STANAG and MIL-STD standards, which define a physical layer for scenarios that differ from NVIS and low-power communication. The purpose of this paper was to present the definition of a new communication physical layer based on single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) based on these standards but adapted to the ionospheric communication channel. This physical layer was compared to an OFDM-based layer from a previous study. The experiments performed show that this new approach achieves better results than OFDM in terms of a higher signal quality with a higher specific BER probability. Finally, this layer was also used in the theoretical design of an NVIS gateway to link sensor network devices spanning large-scale remote areas in a secure manner in the context of ubiquitous sensor networks (USN).
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15

Kim, Min-Nyun. "A Study on Alarm System of a right Fecundation time for a Sow Using Ubiquitous Sensor Network(USN)." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2010): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2010.11.1.092.

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16

Maso, Josep M., Joaquim Porte, Joan L. Pijoan, and David Badia. "Study of NVIS Channel for USN Protocol Definition in Antarctica." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9061037.

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Every year, the number of ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) is increasing and the need for remote USN communications is emerging in some scenarios. As an alternative to satellite communications, more interests are focused on high frequencies (HF) communications as a low-cost option to reach links of more than 250 km without a line of sight. The HF standards are designed for generic communication channels being not robust for near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) USN. In this article, we propose a new protocol for USN in remote places based on NVIS communications. For that purpose, we study the main characteristics of the NVIS channel with the presence of groundwaves, particularly in Antarctica. We analyze the availability of the channel, the height of the layers, the delay spread, and the Doppler spread. On the basis of the results obtained, we propose two protocols based on an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulation depending on the presence of the groundwave at the receiver. Finally, we make a simulation of the two OFDM configurations and we compare it with real tested standard modulations. The results show a better performance of the new protocol compared to the current HF standards.
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17

Kim, Soo-Jung, Sun-Kook Yoo, Jung-Jin Park, Kuk-Jin Seo, Hyun-Ok Kim, Ha-Suk Bae, and Byung-Chul Chang. "Design of blood temperature management system using RFID and ubiquitous sensor network." Journal of Sensor Science and Technology 15, no. 4 (July 30, 2006): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/jsst.2006.15.4.291.

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Yoo, Sun-K., Soo-Jung Kim, Jung-Jin Park, Dong-Keun Kim, Ha-Su Bae, and Byung-Chul Chang. "Web based anticancer drug management system using ubiquitous sensor network and RFID." Journal of Sensor Science and Technology 17, no. 3 (May 31, 2008): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/jsst.2008.17.3.229.

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19

Bae, Seung-Jong, Won-Gil Bae, Yeon-Joung Bae, Seong-Pil Kim, Soo-Jin Kim, Il-Hwan Seo, and Seung-Won Seo. "Development of an Integrated Forecasting and Warning System for Abrupt Natural Disaster using rainfall prediction data and Ubiquitous Sensor Network(USN)." Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2015.21.3.171.

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20

G. "Efficient Sensor Stream Data Processing System to use Cache Technique for Ubiquitous Sensor Network Application Service." Journal of Computer Science 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2012.333.336.

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21

Natesan, Sathish Kumar, and Raja Kumar Krishnan. "Fuzzy Logic Depth Based Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network: FLDEAR." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 20, Supp01 (January 27, 2021): 2140002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221400025.

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The Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UASN) plays a dynamic role in various application extents like surveillance, military, terrestrial networks and industrial application. In UASN, each Underwater Sensor Node (USN) is deployed in many places. The multiple paths are always used for transmitting data from USN to the Sink Node (SN). Each sensor constitutes a set of small devices and a small battery. If data is received from multiple nodes at the same time then, there is a chance for a collision and also it will bring down network lifetime. In recent years, only a few research works are done in fuzzy based routing in UASN. For increasing the network’s lifetime, there is always a need for an optimum routing path in UASN with improved parameters related to propagation delay, energy and throughput. The present paper proposes the Fuzzy Logic Depth based Energy-Aware Routing (FLDEAR) path in UASN. A static USN was utilized in the proposed system. Each USN is assigned a Priority Number (PN) by the SN. The PN is used for avoiding collision in the proposed model. The simulation is conducted employing Aqua-Sim (AS) which is based on Network Simulator-2(NS2). The simulation results illustrate that this system outperforms the existing routing protocol such as protocols of Energy Efficient Cooperative Opportunistic Routing (EECOR), Fuzzy Depth Based Routing (FDBR) and Depth Based Routing (DBR) in terms of improved parameters related to energy, propagation delay and throughput. Finally, the lifetime of UASN is improved by 70–80% by the implementation of the proposed FLDEAR protocol.
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CHANG, K., and Y. J. YOON. "Antennas for Ubiquitous Sensor Network." IEICE Transactions on Communications E91-B, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e91-b.6.1697.

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Erskine, Samuel Kofi, Hongmei Chi, and Abdelrahman Elleithy. "SDAA: Secure Data Aggregation and Authentication Using Multiple Sinks in Cluster-Based Underwater Vehicular Wireless Sensor Network." Sensors 23, no. 11 (June 1, 2023): 5270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115270.

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Security is one of the major concerns while designing robust protocols for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). The underwater sensor node (USN) is an example of medium access control (MAC) that should control underwater UWSN, and underwater vehicles (UV) combined. Therefore, our proposed method, in this research, investigates UWSN combined with UV optimized as an underwater vehicular wireless network (UVWSN) that can completely detect malicious node attacks (MNA) from the network. Thus, MNA that engages the USN channel and launches MNA is resolved by our proposed protocol through SDAA (secure data aggregation and authentication) protocol deployed in UVWSN. SDAA protocol plays a significant role in secure data communication, as the cluster-based network design (CBND) network organization creates a concise, stable, and energy-efficient network. This paper introduces SDAA optimized network known as UVWSN. In this proposed SDAA protocol, the cluster head (CH) is authenticated through the gateway (GW) and the base station (BS) to guarantee that a legitimate USN oversees all clusters deployed in the UVWSN are securely established for providing trustworthiness/privacy. Furthermore, the communicated data in the UVWSN network guarantee that data transmission is secure due to the optimized SDAA models in the network. Thus, the USNs deployed in the UVWSN are securely confirmed to maintain secure data communication in CBND for energy efficiency. The proposed method is implemented and validated on the UVWSN for measuring reliability, delay, and energy efficiency in the network. The proposed method is utilized for monitoring scenarios for inspecting vehicles or ship structures in the ocean. Based on the testing results, the proposed SDAA protocol methods improve energy efficiency and reduce network delay compared to other standard secure MAC methods.
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Kang, Ey Goo, Hun-Suk Chung, Jun-Hwan Lee, Deuk Chang Hyun, Sung-Il Hwang, Bong-Seob Song, Sang-Hun Lee, et al. "Design and Fabrication of USN/RFID Module for Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network." Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 19, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2006.19.3.209.

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Jung, Hoon, Jung-Yoon Kim, Ki-Tae Chang, and Chun-Suk Jung. "Slope Movement Detection using Ubiquitous Sensor Network." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2009.4.1.143.

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Shin, Jae Min, Sang Yong Kim, Gwang Hee Kim, Min Gu Jung, and Dae Woong Shin. "Ubiquitous Sensor Network for Construction Site Monitoring." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.388.

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The importance of construction monitoring trend is required rational method to take health and safety and effective maintenance control from uncertainity and associated risks. Thus, timely field monitoring can overcome the gap between the prediction and real situation through the analyzing validity for the construction. This study suggests automated monitoring system with three kinds of communication methods to achieve effective operation of the system. The example of case study helps to easily understand for practical application with use of the mobile phones.
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Kim, Changyoon, Hyoungkwan Kim, Jeoungpil Ryu, and Changwan Kim. "Ubiquitous Sensor Network for Construction Material Monitoring." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 137, no. 2 (February 2011): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000257.

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28

Ji, Lianying, Tongbi Kang, Lingtong Tian, Meijun Xiong, Wendong Xiao, and Jiankang Wu. "Body Sensor Network for Ubiquitous Health Monitoring." Unmanned Systems 03, no. 02 (April 2015): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385015500107.

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A body sensor network system has been developed for ubiquitous health monitoring of multiple mobile subjects, which is referred to as UbiHealth. On the body, there are micro-sensors to capture physiological signals of electrocardiography (ECG), blood pressure, respiration and temperature, as well as context information of activity and position. Sensors are coordinated by an on-body gateway, where data are collected, pre-processed and wirelessly sent to the server. The server receives, stores and processes signals from multiple gateways, providing overview of those subjects on a local map, and real-time health status of individual subjects. The application scenarios include, for example, health monitoring for rescue team members in a hazard, and elderly health monitoring in a community.
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Ali, Muhmmad, Ihab M. Ali Almaameri, Abdul Malik, Fahim Khan, Muhammad Khalid Rabbani, and Alamgir. "Link Adaptation Strategy for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: A Machine Learning Approach." Journal of Smart Internet of Things 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jsiot-2023-0006.

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Abstract Due to growing concerns regarding their use in fields including oceanography, commercial marine operations, and military surveillance, demand in the exploration of underwater sensor networks for marine studies has developed. Network channels for underwater sensor network (USN) rapidly change (spatially and temporally) depending on the surroundings. To increase system efficiency by adjusting transmission parameters to channel fluctuations, it is alluring to utilize adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for USNs. In order to determine the best link adaptation method based on the channel quality, this article focuses on evaluating a measured sea trial dataset utilizing a rule-based approach (i.e., three-dimensional evaluation, modulation-wise analysis, and a fixed-SNR strategy). To determine the optimum AMC combinations in terms of channel adaptively, we draw a situation of the measured USN data rate versus Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The work further extends to apply machine learning (ML) methods to identify the MCS levels by looking into the channel characteristics due to the non-reversibility limitation of the rule-based strategy. One of the ML methods we used for the investigation, gradient boosted regression tree (GBRT), exhibits impressive accuracy of 99.988% in classifying MCS levels. The MCS levels are related to channel statistics and signal characteristics, particularly those that are susceptible to SNR and BER limitations, using an ensemble of trees that learns from the buoy and base station’s uplink data.
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Kelling, Steve. "Technology Developments for Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25833.

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Over the next 5 years major advances in the development and application of numerous technologies related to computing, mobile phones, artificial intelligence (AI), and augmented reality (AR) will have a dramatic impact in biodiversity monitoring and conservation. Over a 2-week period several of us had the opportunity to meet with multiple technology experts in the Silicon Valley, California, USA to discuss trends in technology innovation, and how they could be applied to conservation science and ecology research. Here we briefly highlight some of the key points of these meetings with respect to AI and Deep Learning. Computing: Investment and rapid growth in AI and Deep Learning technologies are transforming how machines can perceive the environment. Much of this change is due to increased processing speeds of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), which is now a billion-dollar industry. Machine learning applications, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) run more efficiently on GPUs and are being applied to analyze visual imagery and sounds in real time. Rapid advances in CNNs that use both supervised and unsupervised learning to train the models is improving accuracy. By taking a Deep Learning approach where the base layers of the model are built upon datasets of known images and sounds (supervised learning) and later layers relying on unclassified images or sounds (unsupervised learning), dramatically improve the flexibility of CNNs in perceiving novel stimuli. The potential to have autonomous sensors gathering biodiversity data in the same way personal weather stations gather atmospheric information is close at hand. Mobile Phones: The phone is the most widely used information appliance in the world. No device is on the near horizon to challenge this platform, for several key reasons. First, network access is ubiquitous in many parts of the world. Second, batteries are improving by about 20% annually, allowing for more functionality. Third, app development is a growing industry with significant investment in specializing apps for machine-learning. While GPUs are already running on phones for video streaming, there is much optimism that reduced or approximate Deep Learning models will operate on phones. These models are already working in the lab, with the biggest hurdle being power consumption and developing energy efficient applications and algorithms to run complicated AI processes will be important. It is just a matter of time before industry will have AI functionality on phones. These rapid improvements in computing and mobile phone technologies have huge implications for biodiversity monitoring, conservation science, and understanding ecological systems. Computing: AI processing of video imagery or acoustic streams create the potential to deploy autonomous sensors in the environment that will be able to detect and classify organisms to species. Further, AI processing of Earth spectral imagery has the potential to provide finer grade classification of habitats, which is essential in developing fine scale models of species distributions over broad spatial and temporal extents. Mobile Phones: increased computing functionality and more efficient batteries will allow applications to be developed that will improve an individual’s perception of the world. Already AI functionality of Merlin improves a birder’s ability to accurately identify a bird. Linking this functionality to sensor devices like specialized glasses, binoculars, or listening devises will help an individual detect and classify objects in the environment. In conclusion, computing technology is advancing at a rapid rate and soon autonomous sensors placed strategically in the environment will augment the species occurrence data gathered by humans. The mobile phone in everyone’s pocket should be thought of strategically, in how to connect people to the environment and improve their ability to gather meaningful biodiversity information.
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Kim, Jin-whan. "A Case Study on Ubiquitous Sensor Network Programming." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2015.10.1.11.

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Jo, Byung Wan, Jung Hoon Park, Kwang Won Yoon, and Heoun Kim. "Development of Ubiquitous Sensor Network Intelligent Bridge System." Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection 16, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2012.16.1.120.

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Saito, Hiroshi, Osamu Kagami, Masahiro Umehira, and Yuichi Kado. "Wide area ubiquitous network: the network operator's view of a sensor network." IEEE Communications Magazine 46, no. 12 (December 2008): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2008.4689217.

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34

Sharif, Mohammad, and Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki. "Ubiquitous sensor network simulation and emulation environments: A survey." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 93 (September 2017): 150–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.05.009.

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35

Chang, Hyung-Kwan, Dae-Joong Kim, and Jung-Yul Park. "Use of Piezoelectric Effect in Portable Loadless Wind-Power Source for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 34, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2010.34.6.623.

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36

O'HARE, GREGORY M. P., CONOR MULDOON, MICHAEL J. O'GRADY, REM W. COLLIER, OLGA MURDOCH, and DOMINIC CARR. "SENSOR WEB INTERACTION." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 21, no. 02 (April 2012): 1240006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213012400064.

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Ubiquitous sensing fuses the concepts of intelligent systems with ubiquitous computing in the development of novel Sensor Web applications, whereby the interaction of multiple disparate autonomous artefacts is a key requirement. In this paper, we present SIXTH, which is a middleware infrastructure for Ubiquitous Sensing that facilitates, and supports, the development and deployment of Sensor Web applications. SIXTH has been designed to be extensible, with provisions for user definable data retention policies, custom sensor data representations, and custom sensor node representations, whilst still providing a rich set of default behaviours. Within SIXTH, support is provided for the development and interaction of applications that incorporate both physical and cyber (virtual server side) sensors. With a view to supporting intelligent, in network, interaction policies, whereby sensor nodes must negotiate and coordinate their behaviour, the system has been designed to operate in conjunction with Agent Factory Micro Edition (AFME). AFME is a minimised footprint intelligent agent platform designed for resource constrained devices. It is based on the standard Agent Factory platform, which was developed for desktop machines, and is representative of a class of agent systems, which are referred to as Agent Oriented Programming frameworks. The paper discusses a ubiquitous mapping application that was developed using the middleware.
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37

Park, Ki Tae. "A Study on the Problems with Long-Term Bridge Monitoring Systems, and Suggested Solutions." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.53.

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The first long-term bridge monitoring system in Korea was installed in 1995, and many bridges have been maintained by long-term monitoring systems. Recently, reliability of data and cost effectiveness have been increased by advanced sensor technology (fiber optic sensor, RFID, USN etc) and measuring equipment. In Korea, the large-scale project for the safety network integration for long-term smart monitoring systems for bridge structures started in 2007, and this is the second year of the project. In this system, various innovative sensor types are considered. To increase the effectiveness of this network system, an analysis of the problems with the conventional long-term bridge monitoring system and solution investigations are needed. The biggest problems are low durability and data reliability because of noise, and the lack of data applications techniques. Therefore, in this paper, a brief summary of the projects is presented and the state of bridge monitoring systems in Korea is investigated, and various problems and solutions for these problems are briefly suggested.
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38

Hu, Wei, Huanhao Li, Wenhui Yao, and Yawei Hu. "Energy Optimization for WSN in Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 14, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2019.4.3572.

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This paper attempts to solve the problems of uneven energy consumption and premature death of nodes in the traditional routing algorithm of rechargeable wireless sensor network in the ubiquitous power Internet of things. Under the application environment of the UPIoT, a multipath routing algorithm and an opportunistic routing algorithm were put forward to optimize the network energy and ensure the success of information transmission. Inspired by the electromagnetic propagation theory, the author constructed a charging model for a single node in the wireless sensor network (WSN). On this basis, the network energy optimization problem was transformed into the network lifecycle problem, considering the energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes. Meanwhile, the traffic of each link was computed through linear programming to guide the distribution of data traffic in the network. Finally, an energy optimization algorithm was proposed based on opportunistic routing, in a more realistic low power mode. The experimental results show that the two proposed algorithms achieved better energy efficiency, network lifecycle and network reliability than the shortest path routing (SPR) and the expected duty-cycled wakeups minimal routing (EDC). The research findings provide a reference for the data transmission of UPIoT nodes.
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Lee, Sangdong, and Sang Boem Lim. "Applications of Ubiquitous Sensor Network: Micro-Scale Air Quality Monitoring." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 10, no. 3 (April 28, 2015): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2015.3.889.

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40

Hwang, Jeonghwan, Changsun Shin, and Hyun Yoe. "A Wireless Sensor Network-Based Ubiquitous Paprika Growth Management System." Sensors 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2010): 11566–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s101211566.

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41

Choi, Myeong-Soo, Se-Jun Pyo, Jin-Seok Lee, Seok-Ho Yoon, and Seong-Ro Lee. "Energy Efficiency Routing Algorithm for Vessel Ubiquitous Sensor Network Environments." Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 36, no. 5B (May 31, 2011): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2011.36b.5.557.

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42

Kim, Joohwan, Doohee Nam, and Sungjoon Baek. "Bird's-Eye View Service under Ubiquitous Transportation Sensor Network Environments." Journal of the Institute of Webcasting, Internet and Telecommunication 13, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2013.13.2.225.

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43

Yoon, Geun-Young, Nam-Ho Kim, Hwang-Kyu Choi, Do-Young Jung, Shin-Hyeong Choi, and Gi-Taek Kim. "A Winter Road Weather Information System Using Ubiquitous Sensor Network." Journal of Korea Multimedia Society 14, no. 3 (March 31, 2011): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2011.14.3.392.

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44

Joo, Jaehun, Jaegeol Yim, and Choong-Ki Lee. "Protecting cultural heritage tourism sites with the ubiquitous sensor network." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 17, no. 3 (May 19, 2009): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669580802582498.

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45

Choi, Byounghan, Jihyeob Ryu, and Baeg Lee. "A Study on the Monitoring Criteria for Early-warning System of Reservoir(Fill Dam) Based USN(Ubiquitous Sensing Network)." Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 17, no. 2 (January 19, 2017): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2017.17.2.145.

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46

Chung, Wan-Young, Su-Lin Koay, Sang-Joong Jung, and Tae-Ha Kwon. "PACKET TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN UBIQUITOUS HEALTHCARE SYSTEM." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 24, no. 02 (April 2012): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237212500135.

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Recent advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) envisaging ubiquitous healthcare system that simplifies the monitoring and treatment of patients. WSN also pose several challenges to ubiquitous healthcare applications. As healthcare application commonly handle two different types of data such as wave-like data of ECG and linear waveform-independent data of body temperature, blood pressure and oxygen content. As wave-like data requires a higher sampling rate than waveform-independent data, the transmission of wave-like data in WSN causes traffic congestion and, consequently, loss of vital signal in transmission. With the increasing number of sensor nodes involved in the WSN field, network congestion issue is rapidly coming known as a tangible issue in healthcare system that must be addressed in order to maintain data reliability. Sensor nodes have very limited computational resources due to its energy consumption. To reduce traffics in WSN communication, the biomedical data are sent when they had very serious problems. The collaboration among sensors through task mapping based in-network processing is adapted to achieve higher processing power and reduce traffics in WSN. System analysis shows that the data packet loss in the ubiquitous healthcare system is dramatically reduced after the implementation of this process. By adapting fall detection, not only the numbers of packets received by the base station are greatly reduced but also the traffic overload problems in WSN are also resolved.
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47

Díaz Pardo de Vera, David, Álvaro Sigüenza Izquierdo, Jesús Bernat Vercher, and Luis Hernández Gómez. "A Ubiquitous Sensor Network Platform for Integrating Smart Devices into the Semantic Sensor Web." Sensors 14, no. 6 (June 18, 2014): 10725–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140610725.

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48

Ahmed, Gulnaz, Xi Zhao, and Mian Muhammad Sadiq Fareed. "A Hybrid Energy Equating Game for Energy Management in the Internet of Underwater Things." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102351.

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The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is an evolving class of Internet of Things and it is considered the basic unit for the development of smart cities. To support the idea of IoUT, an Underwater Sensor Network (USN) has emerged as a potential technology that has attractive and updated applications for underwater environment monitoring. In such networks, route selection and cluster-head management are still challenging. As the optimal routes always lead to congestion and longer delays while the cluster-head mismanagement leads to ending the USN lifespan earlier. In this paper, we propose a cooperative clustering game that is based upon energy heterogeneity and a penalty mechanism to deal with the cluster head mismanagement issue. Then, we use a non-cooperative evolutionary game for the best relay selection; the results prove that this utility function is the most suitable solution for the relay selection and its strategy selection converges to Nash Equilibrium. The proposed framework is compared with recent schemes using different quality measures and we found that our proposed framework performs favorably against the existing schemes for all of the evaluation metrics.
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49

Aziz, Omer, Benny Lo, Julien Pansiot, Louis Atallah, Guang-Zhong Yang, and Ara Darzi. "From computers to ubiquitous computing by 2010: health care." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1881 (July 31, 2008): 3805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0126.

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Over the past decade, miniaturization and cost reduction in semiconductors have led to computers smaller in size than a pinhead with powerful processing abilities that are affordable enough to be disposable. Similar advances in wireless communication, sensor design and energy storage have meant that the concept of a truly pervasive ‘wireless sensor network’, used to monitor environments and objects within them, has become a reality. The need for a wireless sensor network designed specifically for human body monitoring has led to the development of wireless ‘body sensor network’ (BSN) platforms composed of tiny integrated microsensors with on-board processing and wireless data transfer capability. The ubiquitous computing abilities of BSNs offer the prospect of continuous monitoring of human health in any environment, be it home, hospital, outdoors or the workplace. This pervasive technology comes at a time when Western world health care costs have sharply risen, reflected by increasing expenditure on health care as a proportion of gross domestic product over the last 20 years. Drivers of this rise include an ageing post ‘baby boom’ population, higher incidence of chronic disease and the need for earlier diagnosis. This paper outlines the role of pervasive health care technologies in providing more efficient health care.
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50

Lu, Bing, Miao Jin, Xiwen Chen, Wei Zhou, Gaoning Nie, and Quan Wang. "Rate Control Optimization Algorithm of Ubiquitous Power Sensor Network Tester Based on Multimedia." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 12, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8034131.

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With more and more video application scenarios and increasing complexity, the popularization of multimedia information and the urgent need to update wireless sensor networks have led to the emergence and development of wireless multimedia sensor networks. This paper focuses on the rate control optimization algorithm of multimedia-based ubiquitous power sensor network, which is mainly studied from three aspects: constructing algorithm verification platform based on multimedia technology, performance analysis, and optimization of rate control optimization algorithm based on multimedia technology. An algorithm verification platform is established based on multimedia technology. This article uses a scalable video coding method to design a client-driven scalable video transmission system. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the video quality. The algorithm of rate control based on multimedia technology is proposed. A reliable multipath routing algorithm based on AODV is proposed. Based on the energy balance algorithm, the node-independent routing mechanism and link quality estimation model are introduced. An independent and reliable active/standby communication link to the node of the destination node is established. Linux, the full name of GNU/Linux, is a free-to-use and freely disseminated Unix-like operating system. It is a POSIX-based multiuser, multitasking, multithreaded, and multi-CPU operating system. With the development of the Internet, Linux has gained support from software enthusiasts, organizations, and companies all over the world. In addition to maintaining a strong momentum of development in servers, it has made considerable progress in personal computers and embedded systems. Under the Linux platform, a large number of tests are performed and the performance of the control code rate is analyzed. The so-called sensor network is a distributed intelligent network system that is composed of a large number of small sensor nodes with wireless communication and computing capabilities deployed in the active area through a self-organizing method that can autonomously complete designated tasks according to the environment. The distance between the nodes of the sensor network is very short, and the multihop wireless communication method is generally used for communication. The sensor network can run in an independent environment, or it can be connected to the Internet through a gateway so that users can access it remotely. It is concluded that ABR is the most suitable rate control algorithm for video transmission. According to the CQP experiment results, the QP value set in the improved ABR algorithm is at most 40; the security from the construction of the ubiquitous power sensor network to the final monitoring data collection and upload process is verified by simulating the hypothesis attacks and faults. It is proved that the construction of ubiquitous power sensor network can reduce the energy consumption and delay of monitoring data collection and verify the superiority of constructing ubiquitous power sensor network.
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