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1
Pawliuk, George Kevin. "Ethics by the people." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31290.
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The Problem I will be addressing is, quite simply, "What role, if any, can philosophers legitimately play in biomedical ethics?" When one considers the recent backlash against ethical theory; philosophers' own dissatisfaction with their relationship with biomedicine; and the depth and urgency of the pertinent moral issues, it is nearly impossible to be unmoved by the enormity of the challenge. But will philosophy
meet the challenge? Many of those who are familiar with the current state of biomedical ethics are inclined to be doubtful.
The thesis I shall advance and defend is that this doubt is well-founded if we suppose that philosophers continue to apply their theoretical resources in biomedicine in the same manner as has usually been done. Unless philosophers dramatically
change the nature of their approach in biomedical ethics, they will continue to face frustration and to be regarded as ineffectual. The role they must adopt requires them to work with many others (nurses, patients, doctors, lawyers, etc.) as equals, bringing their skills and talents to bear along with the skills and talents of non-philosophers. Without a strong inter-dependence between philosophers and non-philosophers, biomedical ethics will not prosper, nor evolve into the kind of tool that is direly needed in the health sciences.
In order to defend the thesis I am advancing, I will survey some of the literature that has dealt with the problems facing philosophers in the clinic in recent years. The case against biomedical ethics (and, in particular, normative ethical theory) will be explored to reveal the content of the criticisms and their force. Following some discussion of these criticisms, pursued in order to discover elements of a new approach to the role philosophers can legitimately play in biomedical ethics, I will attempt to build a constructive alternative from these positive fragments.
My conclusion, very generally, is that philosophers' skills and resources permit them to function best in close cooperation with others. I will rely on an account of a public forum (comprised of doctors, patients, theologians, nurses, etc.) to illustrate the kind of role philosophers could most effectively and legitimately pursue. Because of the nature of their activities, philosophers would, for example, often play an important role in isolating and defending significant value questions. A strong sense of inter-dependence would develop as physicians and the forum interacted. Physicians, who must be active in their roles as moral agents, would primarily be concerned with developing rules, guidelines, etc. for practical cases. Physicans would be assisted by a small group of non-physicians to ensure that important social goals are taken into account. The forum would act as an external critic of these rules, both prospectively and retro-actively. The success of the forum would provide biomedical ethics
with important practical input that should be used for its growth and development.Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate
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Pugh, Jonathan David. "Autonomy, rationality and contemporary bioethics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c9107058-df18-4ccb-91ae-aa51f0b25954.
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Personal autonomy is often lauded as a key value in contemporary bioethics. In this thesis, I aim to provide a rationalist account of personal autonomy that avoids the philosophical flaws present in theories of autonomy that are often invoked in bioethics, and that can be usefully applied to contemporary bioethical issues. I claim that we can understand the concept of autonomy to incorporate two dimensions, which I term the 'reflective' and 'practical' dimensions of autonomy. I suggest that the reflective dimension pertains to the critical reflection that agents must carry out on their motivating desires, in order to be autonomous with respect to them. I begin by rejecting prominent desire-based and historical accounts of this dimension of autonomy, before going on to defend an account based upon a Parfitian analysis of rational desires. Following this analysis of the reflective dimension of autonomy, I argue that autonomy can also be understood to incorporate a practical dimension, pertaining to the agent's ability to act effectively in pursuit of their ends. I claim that recognising this dimension of autonomy more comprehensively reflects the way in which we use the concept of autonomy in bioethics, and makes salient the fact that agents carry out their rational deliberations in the light of their beliefs about what they are able to do. I go on to argue that this latter point means that my account of autonomy can offer a deeper explanation of why coercion undermines autonomy than other prominent accounts. Having considered the prudential value of autonomy in the light of this theoretical analysis, in the latter half of the thesis I apply my rationalist account of autonomy to a number of contemporary bioethical issues, including the use of human enhancement technologies, the nature of informed consent, and the doctor-patient relationship.
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Chan, See-ching, and 陳詩正. "Bioethics of living donor liver transplantation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B5070087X.
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Bioethics has been central to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), which mandates a high recipient benefit and an acceptably low donor risk. The double equipoise imposes the contextual features of this already technically complex treatment. This research aimed at looking into key bioethical issues of LDLT in the light of the contemporary practice standards.
In adult LDLT, in order to provide a partial graft of adequate size, donor right hepatectomy is often required. This procedure pioneered by The University of Hong Kong is now being performed at many centers and by many surgeons. Through close guidance and gradual granting of surgical privilege, newer surgeons can now perform this operation safely with low blood loss (400 mL) and low complication rates ( 30%). Analysis of our series also showed that right liver donors with a smaller remnant left liver had higher peak bilirubin level and longer peak prothrombin time after the operation. Severe complications were associated with hyperbilirubinemia (p=0.031) while prolonged hospital stay was associated with prolonged prothrombin time (p=0.011) and smaller remnant left liver (p=0.036). Facts need to be known to potential right liver donors before operation.
Donor left hepatectomy, which carries a lower donor risk, is more feasible for donors with a larger left liver and recipients with a smaller body size. Lowering the graft size requirement also allows more LDLTs being done using left livers. The percentages of left liver LDLTs feasible with a graft to standard liver volume (G/SLV) ≥ 40%, ≥ 35%, ≥ 30%, and ≥ 25% were 5.8%, 12.5%, 29.1%, and 62.3% respectively. For every 5% decrease in G/SLV ratio, twice as many left liver LDLTs could be performed.
The 5-year survival rate was 85.7% for liver transplantation recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Up-to-7 criteria, unaffected by the presence of microvascular invasion (88.2% vs. 85.1%, p=0.652). This is comparable with that of liver resection patients with HCC without microvascular invasion (81.2%, p=0.227) but far superior to that of liver resection patients with lesions with microvascular invasion (50.0%, p<0.0001). Primary liver transplantation for HCC with microvascular invasion and within the Up-to-7 criteria in fact doubled the chance of cure as compared with liver resection. LDLT has been criticized of fast-tracking patients with more aggressive HCC for transplant. Waiting does select out patients with better survival to undergo transplantation. With careful selection though without waiting, LDLT nevertheless does not confer poorer survival.
Progressive liver failure following a major hepatectomy for HCC is a known and uncommon cause of mortality. Proceeding to LDLT is an ethical challenge because of the possibility of coercion. Tumor status as confirmed by histopathological examination of resected specimens can demonstrate features of more aggressive cancer, which warns against a rescue transplantation for the increase in chance of tumor recurrence.
In order to overcome ABO blood group incompatibility, paired donor interchange (between two pairs: A to B and B to A) has been practiced for the liver. The extension to matching with one pair of universal donor (O) and universal recipient (AB) was also performed at our center. The obvious biological advantage of this treatment modality has to be weighed against the potential increase in risks to patients involved.
Media coverage of advances and successes in liver transplantation stimulates deceased donor organ donation (DDOD). The relation between widely reported key events and DDOD can be recognized as celebrity hero influence, medical success, or emotional response. An accountable liver transplant service answerable to the public is vital to a region where the DDOD rate is low. Selective disclosure of patient information to the media for public interest in promoting organ donation can be justified.
LDLT now has a two-decade history of clinical practice. Basic and clinical research has provided a clearer picture of the efficacy and fallibility of LDLT. We can now be more accurate in defining and interpreting the applicability of LDLT for a wider spectrum of disease indications.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Doctor of Medicine
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Krauss, Edward L. "A study of bioethics for Christian students at a secular university." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Björkman, Barbro. "Virtue Ethics, Bioethics, and the Ownership of Biological Material." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4814.
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The overall aim of this thesis is to show how some ideas in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics can be interpreted and used as a productive way to approach a number of pressing issues in bioethics. Articles I-II introduce, and endorse, a social constructivist perspective on rights (as opposed to the more traditional natural rights idea). It is investigated if the existence of property-like rights to biological material would include the moral right to commodification and even commercialisation. Articles III-V discuss similar questions and more specifically champion the application of an Aristotelian virtue ethics perspective. The articles are preceded by an introductory essay on some of the central themes in the Nicomachean Ethics. This section also includes a very brief account of what the connection between virtue ethics and a theory of social construction, including rights, could look like. The thesis seeks to show that if read somewhat creatively many of the ideas in the Nicomachean Ethics make for a highly useful approach to modern moral problems. It should be noted, however, that this thesis in no way claims to be an exegetic, or a complete, study of the Nicomachean Ethics. Article I deals with ownership of biological material from a philosophical, as opposed to a legal, perspective. It is argued that a strand in liberal political theory that treats property relations as socially constructed bundles of rights, as developed by e.g. Felix Cohen and Tony Honoré, is well suited for discussions on ownership of biological material. Article II investigates which differences in biological material might motivate differences in treatment and ownership rights. The article draws on the social constructivist theory of ownership which was developed in Article I. Article III employs virtue ethics to explain why it is morally permissible to donate but not to sell organs such as kidneys. It is suggested that the former action will bring the agent closer to a state of human flourishing. Article IV argues that virtues like philia, justice, beneficence and generosity — traditionally all seen as other-regarding — contain strong self-regarding aspects. The central claim is that these self-regarding aspects of the other-regarding virtues are necessary components of complete virtue and thus that the fully virtuous agent has to act virtuously both in her dealings with herself and others. Article V applies the ideas that were developed in Article IV to the case of living organ donations to next of kin. It is proposed that such an act, although noble and fine, is supererogatory, rather than obligatory, as the donor is morally entitled to be partial to herself. This argument is made against the backdrop of a discussion on some Aristotelian ideas on philia and partiality.QC 20100709
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Freitas, Drumond José Geraldo de. "Ethics and bioethics concerning challenges in the 21st Century." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116198.
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The contemporary world is characterized by a formidable accumulation of scientific knowledge, which is responsible for developing the technology that permeates all latitudes of the planet and is incorporated, so virtually irreplaceably, to the daily life of human beings. However, the world is in a borderline: serious responsibilities determined by the process of increasingly aggressive human intervention in the biosphere (accelerating its deterioration) and the very human biology, reaching its genetic identity. Humanity is wrapped in a moral dilemma, since it is found that most of the benefits offered by human knowledge —the whole set of scientific and technological progress of humanity— remains inaccessible to most of the universal family. A recurring issue in today’s society is to establish the boundaries between normal and abnormal, between natural and artificial. Is the human being willing, once again, to transgress the parameters established by her concerning what is normal, anatomically and physiologically? Will she not be satisfied by merely making her biological structure sufficiently adapted to the current practices of the species? Will she want more? In the singular historical transition experienced by contemporary society, the emergence of a new ethical reflection to modulate human behavior has become imperative, so that the actions of men and women can converge to the achievement of universal benefits, so as not to endanger the very survival of human beings on the planet.El mundo contemporáneo se caracteriza por un magnífico conjunto de conocimientos científicos que son responsables por el desarrollo de la tecnología que se disemina en todas las latitudes del planeta y se incorpora, de modo prácticamente permanente, en la cotidianidad del ser humano. Sin embargo, el mundo se encuentra en una frontera de graves responsabilidades determinadas por el proceso de intervención humana cada vez más agresiva en la biósfera (acelerando su deterioro) y en la propia biología humana, alcanzando su identidad genética. La humanidad se encuentra ante una encrucijada moral, al constatarse que la mayoría de las conquistas propiciadas por el conocimiento humano —todo el conjunto del progreso científico y tecnológico de la humanidad— permanece inaccesible para la mayoría de la familia universal. La cuestión recurrente en la sociedad actual es establecer los límites entre lo normal y lo anormal, entre lo natural y lo artificial. ¿Estará el hombre dispuesto, una vez más, a transgredir los parámetros de normalidad anatómica y fisiológica establecidos por él mismo? ¿No le bastará para estar satisfecho el tener su estructura biológica suficientemente adaptada a las prácticas corrientes de la especie? ¿Habrá de querer más? En la singular transición histórica vivida por la sociedad contemporánea se hizo imperativo el surgimiento de una nueva reflexión ética para modular el comportamiento humano, de modo que las acciones de los hombres y las mujeres puedan converger para la consecución de beneficios universales, sin poner en riesgo la propia supervivencia de los seres humanos en este planeta.
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McLaurin, Jennie Anderson. "To what end medicine? an examination of Christian bioethics and the nature of medicine /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2007. http://www.tren.com.
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Eyer, Richard C. "A course teaching biblical narrative ethics applied to bioethics at a Christian university." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Carry, Wendy M. "Public bioethics : an intermediary between public health and the media /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1448328.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007."December, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-54). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2007]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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Richie, Cristina. "Moving Environmental Bioethics into the 21st Century: Green Bioethics and the Common Good." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106939.
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Thesis advisor: James KeenanEnvironmental conservation is a pressing issue for modern humans. Health care systems and the consumption of medical goods should therefore be assessed in light of environmental sustainability. While the primary focus of environmental bioethics has been hospitals and health care facilities, ethicists must also address the offerings of the medical industry going forward. My dissertation proposes four principles to assess the environmental sustainability of current and future medical developments, techniques, and procedures. The four principles of green bioethics are: 1. General allocation of resources should precede special interest access: distributive justice 2. Current human needs over current human wants: environmental conservation 3. Simplicity before complexity: reducing dependence on medical intervention 4. The common good should drive health care instead of financial profit: ethical economics. The four principles of green bioethics will move environmental bioethics into the 21st century in a responsible and sustainable manner
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Theology
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Onuoha, Chikezie. "Bioethics Across Borders : An African Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7844.
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Carnevale, Franco A. "Ethics and pediatric critical care : a conception of a 'thick' bioethics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37101.pdf.
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Neequaye, George Kotei. "Towards an African Christian ethics for the technological age : William Schweiker's Christian ethics of responsibility in dialogue with African ethics." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40195.
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Technology has several advantages, but the growing fear is that the power of human beings over nature through technology is growing in an alarming rate so that, if not checked with a new ethics of responsibility, we may be heading to the destruction of nature and the annihilation of humanity. In response to this fear, Hans Jonas set a whole new debate into motion, both in Germany and America, when he argues (in his book entitled, The imperative of responsibility: In search of ethics for the technological age (1984) that the existing approaches to philosophical ethics, including theological ethics, are inadequate since they do not tackle the serious issues produced by the rapid expansion of modern technology. He then asserts that we must make a concerted effort to develop a theory of responsibility, so that humanity could be salvaged from future extinction. Whereas Jonas denies that religion could form the basis of a universal ethics of responsibility, Schweiker strives to prove him wrong by producing a Christian version of an ethics of responsibility from that of Jonas. Using Schweiker’s formulation of a Christian ethics of responsibility, this researcher aims at taking the debate to another level by engaging his Christian ethics of responsibility with African ethics to come out with an African Christian ethics of responsibility. The reason why we are formulating an African Christian ethics of responsibility is that if Africa is seen as the fastest growing Christian continent in the world, then formulating an African Christian ethics of responsibility is worthwhile since such an ethics addressing the negative impact of modern technology will be available and accessible to a substantial part of the world population. Although African and Christian in its point of departure, this ethics of responsibility claims to be universal in a normative sense of the word. It strives to provide moral guidance that should be heeded by everyone. This is because in our formulation, we will call Christians and non-Christians alike to emulate the altruistic love of Christ for the world as the core of an ethics of responsibility that is future-oriented.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Dogmatics and Christian Ethics
unrestricted
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Beaugard, Carol R. "How hospital nurses reason about ethical dilemmas of practice /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10937985.
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Price, Mark L. "Life and death issues : a practical approach to moral theory /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013012.
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Parker, J. Charles. "Euthanasia mercy or sacrilege? /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Gunn, Megan. "Disparities in Kidney Donation and Transplantation in African Americans and the Role of Mistrust." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/566571.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
Organ transplantation has the potential to improve and prolong the lives of many chronically ill people. However, organs are a scarce resource and a commodity to which not everyone has equal access. Equity issues are particularly evident amongst African Americans concerning kidney donation and transplantation. In this paper, I discuss the history of kidney transplantation and the disparities that exist in the African American community for both organ donation and transplantation. I explain how the organ allocation system has structural barriers that do not account for the social determinants of health. Then I explore the significant barrier of African Americans’ mistrust of the health care system and its role in kidney donation and transplantation. I use the principles of urban bioethics to discuss possible solutions to mistrust including community engagement, diversifying the physician work force, and concepts that move beyond cultural competency to cultural humility and structural competency.
Temple University--Theses
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English, Adele. "Ethical Dilemmas in Pain Management Within the Context of Addiction." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2046.
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The opioid epidemic is a public health crisis. How the crisis developed, how to mitigate its effects, and how to prevent it from spreading is less transparent. The practice of pain management poses a myriad of ethical challenges. The following essay will examine ethical dilemmas that arise during the decision-making process with regards to pain management in the context of addiction after a brief history of pain management and discussion of the corresponding legal and medical regulations.
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Ratner, Bella. "Is it Ethical to Genetically Enhance your Future Child?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1403.
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As the science related to genetic engineering becomes more advanced, more and more ethical questions relating to technologies such as CRISPR and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) arise. If we have the opportunity to choose the genes of our future children in order have children with our desired characteristics, should we do so? Is it okay to mess with some genes of your future child and not others? In this paper, I discuss arguments and objections associated with these questions. The aim of this paper is to show that it is ethical to alter the DNA of your future child or select a specific child only when you are attempting to improve the health of that child.
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MacFarlane, Matthew Phillip. "Proposal for a Gender, Sex, and Sexuality Curriculum in Undergraduate Medical Education at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/502268.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
Understanding gender, sex, and sexuality is required in order to be a competent, patient-centered physician, and, therefore, inclusion of these topics in undergraduate medical education is essential. Current medical education is not producing physicians equipped to manage the complaints and issues that face their patients in these areas. LGBTQ populations are most affected by the inadequacy of training related to these topics. LGBTQ patients face unique issues in healthcare in terms of their normal development, pathology, social determinants of health, and healthcare system practices. Additionally, LGBTQ people and those who engage in behaviors that parallel these identities are prevalent in the general population. The addition of a gender, sex, and sexuality curriculum would simultaneously address LGBTQ disparities as well as the need for improved sexual health education that would benefit all patients. Currently, undergraduate medical curricula have limited, non-standardized education on gender, sex, and sexuality. A few American institutions have published both qualitative and quantitative studies that indicate medical students’ attitudes are malleable and their clinical skills can be improved in these areas. Further, numerous national medical societies have created curriculum guidelines and recommendations in order to aid medical schools looking to bolster their gender, sex, and sexuality related curricula. This paper will synthesize research and these guidelines to propose a robust gender, sex, and sexuality curriculum that is tailored to the environment found at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University.
Temple University--Theses
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Ebbesen, Mette. "The Golden Rule and Bioethics. A Reflection upon the Foundation of Ethics." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1474.
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The object of this thesis is the foundation of ethics. The question is whether there exists a universal core to ethics consisting of a fundamental ethical principle across cultures. This principle could for example be the so-called Golden Rule, which goes as follows: ‘You should do to others what you want them to do to you’. The Golden Rule is to be found in many of the world’s religions and is also reflected in secular society. The rule can for example be found in a political version in legal declarations e.g. the Humans Rights Declaration of 1948. There are philosophersand scientists who interpret the Golden Rule secularly. If one looks at the Golden Rule from a non-religious point of view, it can be understood for instance in the following ways: 1) As a rule which is followed to fulfil self-interest and 2) As a rule concerning role reversal. In this thesis we will go into detail on these two interpretations of the Golden Rule, because as we will see, they can be seen as two very different views of human nature. We will discuss which of the two interpretations of the Golden Rule is most adequate in connection with the description of human beings as moral agents having reason, motives, freedom and responsibility. Furthermore we will focus on the Golden Rule in a Nordic context, in this connection we will look at whether the Golden Rule corresponds to the four bioethical principles presented by the two American philosophers Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress. These principles are the principle of respect for autonomy, the principle of nonmaleficence, the principle of beneficence and the principle of justice. According to the Danish physician Henrik R. Wulff one cannot use Beauchamp and Childress’ bioethical principles as a tool for solving ethical problems in the North, because they do not correspond to the Golden Rule. Wulff argues that the Golden Rule is a moral ideal within the health services in the Nordic countries. The purpose of the thesis is, among others, to analyse and discuss whether the four bioethical principles are implicitly contained within the Golden Rule and whether Beauchamp and Childress’ method can be used to analyse bioethical problems in a Nordic context. Finally, we will set forth an ethical assessment of a treatment within biomedicine. As an example of the application of the four bioethical principles, we will look at whether human somatic gene therapy is an ethical acceptable treatment. Thus my thesis is that the Golden Rule can be viewed as a fundamental ethical principle across cultures and that Beauchamp and Childress’ four bioethical principles correspond to the Golden Rule. That is, I think there is a reason to maintain, that the bioethical principles can be of use for solving bioethical problems across cultures.
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Dyer, Sarah Elizabeth. "Applying bioethics : local research ethics committees and their regulation of medical research." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/applying-bioethics--local-research-ethics-committees-and-their-regulation-of-medical-research(c0840da4-23fb-49a1-a712-eb2a0d5a08ac).html.
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Greco, Alesandra. "Pediatric Bioethics: The Complexities of Contextualizing Seriously Ill Newborns." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107416.
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Thesis advisor: Cherie McGillThesis advisor: Marius Stan
Seriously ill newborns are a part of a recent bioethical phenomenon that emerged during the late 1970s. With the rise of new, innovative medical technology, doctors can keep these seriously ill newborns alive, but at monumental financial and psychological costs. This thesis utilizes several economic and ethical frameworks to contextualize these newborns within our healthcare system. After all, our healthcare resources are limited. We must therefore discern between the continuation of an infant’s treatment and conversely, the withdrawal of treatment
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Philosophy
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Flanagan, Ellen Cecelia. "AN URBAN BIOETHICS APPROACH TO PARENTAL INFORMED CONSENT FOR PEDIATRIC CLINICAL RESEARCH." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/537038.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
In the current healthcare landscape, parents generally make decisions regarding whether or not their children are allowed to take part in clinical research, with the general assumption being that parents know what is best for children. Investigations have been conducted regarding what is likely to lead parents to consent or not consent to their child’s participation in a trial, but research plans seldom incorporate the consideration that not all parents come into the consent process with equal social, academic, and economic footing. Since the burden of the ultimate decision lies primarily on the parents, it is supremely important that they are capable of making a well-informed and thoughtful choice. Bioethical understanding of the influence of parental decisions in clinical research must consider demographic variables and how they may affect parents’ decisions to allow or disallow their child to participate in a clinical trial. Those differences could affect the consent process and have ramifications for the research findings, as research results are affected in numerous ways by which children do, and do not, participate in studies. This paper looks specifically at parents in the process of informed consent for pediatric research, taking into account several social determinants of health and how they affect who participates in research and how that affects research as a whole.
Temple University--Theses
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Fukushima, Corinna. "Autonomy and Distributive Justice at the End of Life." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/878.
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Discussions of autonomy at the end of life in health care contexts is no new phenomenon. However, what seems to have changed in issues of autonomy is cases where patients want to refuse a treatment to cases where patients are demanding more treatment when medical professionals may not agree or be able to provide them with the medical treatment. Some key competing interests impacting patient autonomy include beneficence-doing what is in the best interests of the health or well-being of the patient- and resource limitations. Here, I will explore distributive justice theories that impact the end of life and how they constrain autonomy.
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Durante, Christopher. "On the Viability of a Pluralistic Bioethics." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rs_theses/10.
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In an attempt to promote in-depth dialogue amongst bioethicists coming from distinct disciplinary and religious backgrounds this thesis offers an overview of the current state of bioethics and a critical analysis of a number of the leading methods of addressing pluralism in bioethics. Exploring the critiques and methodological proposals coming from the social sciences, the contract theorists, and the pragmatists, this study describes the problems which arise when confronting moral and religious diversity in a bioethical context and examines the ability of these various methodologies to adequately resolve these matters. Finally, after a discussion of the benefits and the potential problems of each of the aforementioned schools, a methodological model labelled “Pragmatic Perspectivism” is set forth as a potential conceptual framework through which a bioethical theory for a secular yet religiously pluralistic society may be forged.
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Shildrick, Margrit. "Leaky bodies and boundaries : feminism, deconstruction and bioethics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36102/.
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This thesis draws on poststructuralism/postmodernism to present a feminist investigation into the human body, its modes of (self)identification, and its insertion into systems of bioethics. I argue that, contrary to conventional paradigms, the boundaries not only of the subject, but of the body too, cannot be secured. In exploring and contesting the closure and disembodiment of the ethical subject, I propose instead an incalculable, but nonetheless fully embodied, diversity of provisional subject positions. My aim is to valorise women and situate them within a reconceived ethics which takes account of the embodied feminine. My project entails an analysis and deconstruction of the binaries of those dominant strands of postEnlightenment thought that shape epistemology, ontology, and ethics, which in turn set the parameters of modern bioethics. More importantly, it goes on to reclaim a radical sexual difference beyond the binary, in which the female is no longer the other of the male. My enquiry, then, is strongly influenced by the discursive approach offered by both Foucault and Derrida in differential ways, but I counter their indifference to feminist concerns by qualifying their insights in the light of strategies developed by Irigaray and Spivak, among others. The main method of investigation has been through library research of primary and secondary sources in mainstream and feminist philosophy, and in bioethics. In addition, archival work in both textual and iconographic collections was carried out at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. The contribution made by this thesis is to go beyond modernist feminisms - which would simply revise and add women into existing paradigms - to radically displace and overflow the mechanisms by which women are devalued. And in developing a postmodern critique around some issues in bioethics, I have suggested a new ethics of the body which precedes the operation of moral codes.
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Lacey, Justine Frances. "The ethics of patenting genetic material /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17561.pdf.
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Rehel, Erin Marie. "Female genital cutting in the context of Islamic bioethics." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83201.
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Female genital cutting (FGC) has received much attention since the early 1980s. Decried as both a human rights violation and a barbaric example of the patriarchal subjugation of women and girls in developing nations, FGC has only recently been examined within the cultural framework in which it takes place. This thesis will focus on the Muslim communities in Egypt and Sudan who continue to engage in FGC as a required Muslim practice. Starting from the notion that FGC has a limiting effect on a woman's overall health, this thesis will use three foundational notions from Islamic medical ethics to argue against the continuation of FGC. Specifically, it will elaborate and draw on the Islamic position in favor of organ transplantation, thus further illustrating the argument against FGC. By using principles and notions from Islamic medical ethics, this thesis will argue against FGC from within Islam.
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Erasmus, Pieter Miguel. "Informed consent and the secondary use of biospecimens in oncology research legal and bioethics perspectives." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4693.
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Includes bibliographical references.Biospecimens1 collected during routine oncology diagnostic and therapeutic interventions may be stored for future medical purposes. In accordance with legal and ethical principles, the patient provides informed consent for removal of the tissue for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. Informed consent gives permission for the violation of bodily integrity that is inevitable with tissue removal.
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Dumisic, Sanjin. "The Choice of Pre-Birth Genetic Modification : Through Kant´s Ethics in the 21st Century." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123167.
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This essay discusses, departing from Kant’s deontological ethics, and deals with the ques- tion of which types of pre-birth genetic modification are acceptable from the perspective of Kant’s ethics theory? The conclusion is that Kant’s ethics can be in line with certain thera- peutic interventions. Yet the same ethics disapproves with any sort of pre-birth modifica- tion based on personal design, preferences and commodification of the process.
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Ehlers, Patrick Joseph. "A comparison of the views of Augustine Shutte and Thaddeus Metz on African philosophy and Ubuntu ethics." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5843.
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Magister Theologiae - MThIn the theoretical study of Ethics much emphasis has traditionally been placed on established ethical theories, via approaches typified e.g. as deontological, divine command, utilitarian, virtue ethics and natural ethics. At UWC all these approaches, very much entrenched in the Western academic canon, have been taught, together with ethical views carried by the world religions. Over the last few years, however, an interest in the study of African ideas (philosophy, theology, worldview studies, especially around the elusive but fascinating concept of Ubuntu) has grown. This study is an attempt to make a contribution towards a more serious exchange with African ethical ideas and their application in a global context. In this mini-thesis I compare the views of two academics, Augustine Shutte and Thaddeus Metz, who have actively and deliberately worked in the field of African philosophy and ethics. Through this comparative study of two rather different readings of Ubuntu philosophy, I wish to contribute to the growing interest in ethical views and discourse emanating from African ways of looking at the world and at humanity. The well-known, recently deceased, Augustine Shutte, a Catholic scholar of repute, taught Philosophy at the University of Cape Town, and published books such as Philosophy for Africa, The Mystery of Humanity; Ubuntu, An ethic for a New South Africa and The Quest for Humanity in Science and Religion, The South African Experience. The other scholar, the American born philosopher Thaddeus Metz, started teaching Philosophy at the University of Johannesburg and shifted his intellectual attention to African ideas and ethics. Coming from a rational Kantian approach, mixed with utilitarian ethical concerns, Metz discovered the difficulty of adding another “African mix” to main stream academia, based on the comprehensive scope of the very inclusive look at what it means to be human in the quite unique African worldview. He has published widely and in depth on many aspects of this “clash of cultures” while also holding on to enlightenment ideals and an ongoing conversation with science, especially also social science. These two authors thus share many concerns and interests, but also represent two different angles and approaches into African philosophy and ethics. The question for this limited study is formulated in the short introduction: How do Shutte and Metz connect the ethical implications of a widely shared “African worldview” with the core idea of Ubuntu, and which ethical implications do they draw from their reading of Ubuntu – for Africa and the world? These questions are addressed via five chapters: In the first an introduction to the research focus and question and the second of these the field of African Philosophy and Ethics is briefly covered via appropriate literature, thus providing a framework for comparing Shutte and Metz. The third chapter deals with Shutte’s search for an Ubuntu approach to South Africa’s problems within the African and global context - via his emphasis on an inclusive anthropology of caring and justice in which the pitfalls of individualism, materialism and consumerism can be avoided while promoting a sustainable work ethos and attunement with “science”. The fourth chapter focuses on Metz’ critical deontological approach, and his attempt to take the comprehensive African worldview seriously in conversation with utility, reason and science. In the fifth chapter the comparison of these two overlapping, but still quite different with an approach that can lead to a concrete ethical conclusion and application for South Africa, Africa and the world.
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Furman, Katherine Elizabeth. "Exploring the possibility of an Ubuntu-based political philosophy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002003.
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It is typically said that there are two questions that political philosophy seeks to address: ‘who gets what?’ and ‘who decides on who gets what?’ South Africa, along with much of the rest of the world, has answered the second question badly and currently ranks as one of the world’s most unequal societies. Counter-intuitively, South Africa maintains a social-political order that (re)produces this inequality along with great enthusiasm for ubuntu, an African ethic that at a minimum requires that we treat each other humanely. However, due to the view that ubuntu has been co-opted in support of South Africa’s unjust system, ubuntu has largely been ignored by radical thinkers. The aim of this thesis is therefore to explore the possibility of an ubuntu-based political philosophy, with the core assumption that political philosophy is rooted in ethical theory. Three tasks are therefore undertaken in this thesis. Firstly, ubuntu is articulated as an ethic. Secondly, it is compared to similar Western ethical theories in order to determine if there are distinguishing characteristics that make ubuntu a more appropriate founding ethic for South African political philosophy. Finally, whether ubuntu can find real-world applicability will be assessed by looking at the way ubuntu has been used in the law
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Jaggard, Peter L. "Respect of persons in H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. a critical analysis based on the ethic of 1 Peter 1-2 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p006-1530.
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Burger, Julia. "Health Literacy, its Effect on Emergency Department Utilization, and a Smartphone-based Intervention." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/531766.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
Health literacy is not only the ability to read, but also the ability of an individual to obtain, process, and understand the basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions. Over time the concept of health literacy has evolved from considering it a risk factor to be managed to considering it an asset which can be continually built upon. With this in mind health professionals should continue to communicate in simple language, but should also provide their patients with high-quality educational materials and aid them in making the best choices about their health. One way to do this could be with the use of symptom-checking and decision-aiding smartphone apps. In this study, the primary caretakers of children aged 30 months and younger with publicly funded health insurance will be randomized to receive a pediatric symptom-checking smartphone app or a developmental milestone smartphone app. Caretaker health literacy will be measured, and data will be collected on emergency department and primary care office sick visits. It is hypothesized that the use of the pediatric symptom-checking smartphone app will decrease non-urgent visits to the pediatric emergency department.
Temple University--Theses
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Edelstein, Jonathan. "THE PRISONER DILEMMA: A BIOETHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE OF INCARCERATED POPULATIONS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/591995.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
Correctional populations account for about 2% of persons in the United States, who have a unique right to health care guaranteed by the Constitution per court decisions. However, the quality and breadth of this care is not standardized, and incarceration itself creates risk factors for one’s health. A review of the literature was done to evaluate the health and access to care of prison populations. Prison populations are largely minorities from poor neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status who usually have limited engagement with health services prior to incarceration; there is a large amount of morbidity of chronic diseases in prisons, and prisoners are at increased risk for communicable diseases, substance abuse and mental illness. Former inmates are also at increased risk of death following release. While advances such as telemedicine help to bridge the gaps in correctional health, more research needs to be done to assess the needs of this population, and more education and linkage to care should be accomplished to do right by these populations and ensure they get the care they need. This will in turn lead to better health outcomes in this population and may have a beneficial effect on the communities from which these prisoners come.
Temple University--Theses
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Gracyk, Tatiana Athena. "A Structured Principlist Framework for Decision Making in Healthcare." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1587048784866015.
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Moncho, Boitumelo Johannes. "The task of the Missionary Church regarding moral regeneration in South Africa / Moncho B.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7621.
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This missiological study is to precede from the reformation Theology tradition. The
Theological methodology used in this study in formulating theoretical indicators from
scripture will follow the hermeneutics of Biblical Theology as set out by Scobie
(2003), Lexicons such as Louw and Nida (1988), the grammatical - historical method
(Du Toit & Roberts 1979:58), along with other relevant scholarly works will be
consulted. This study focuses on the task of the Missionary church and therefore
qualitative research is preferable over quantitative research.
This study is limited by the fact that morality is a very wide area. There are a lot of
interrelated issues that this type of study cannot address and that call for further
research e.g. the task of the state towards moral regeneration and the relationship
with the church and religion in general, the influence of postmodernism on the
church. The context of this study is limited to South African context and covers the
post 1994 democratic elections. This study will focus on the Mission focused family
because it is the cornerstone of society.
Chapter one presented the limites of the study on theSouth African context and
cover the post the 1994 democratic elections. Secondly, the second chapter focused
on the Missionary church their task to morall regeneration: begining with the church
in the area such as self–introspection, repentance, confession of sins, forgiveness
an faith in God and in the message of the church. Firstly, the chapter reviewed the
history of South Africa and how the past Apartheid era impacted on the present
situation as well as the church’s response to Moral Regeneration. Finally, the
chapter looks at how the Church can come with practical development through the
re–humanization of our people.
Similarly, chapter four looked at the matter of Mission focused families as
cornerstones for Moral Regeneration. Initially, I provided a comprehensive definition
of Mission focused families in the light of, amongst other things, Deut 6: 1–25 and
Eph 5: 22–23 . Finally, the fifth chapter delved on the question of the South African Missionary
church and the challenges she faces as an agent of hope for moral regeneration. I
analysed in detail the challenges facing the Missionary Church today, and on how
the Missionary Church deals with those challenges. Most importantly, the chapter
focused on the Missionary Church’s prophetic voice on moral regeneration.Thesis (M.A. (Missiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Alla, Stanislaus Subba Reddy. "Care and Access: Catholic and Hindu Approaches to Ethics in Healthcare." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103743.
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Thesis advisor: James F. KeenanSecular voices have contributed immensely to the emergence of bioethical discourse in India. The media and the intellectuals frequently employ the language of human dignity, rights and justice to critique the policies of the government or medical institutions and the contemporary healthcare practices. In analyzing the healthcare concerns and in proposing remedial measures to better the situation, they also refer to the notions of care and access but in secular terms. Recognizing that insufficient attention has been paid to the religious dimension in this process and arguing that peoples' religious worldviews bear enormous influence on the entire spectrum of healthcare and in making it better accessible, the thesis examines the Catholic and Hindu religious traditions to find out how they have historically wrestled with and incorporated the theological values of care and access in dealing with healthcare. The study also draws upon the contemporary practices and policies of two select Catholic and Hindu healthcare institutions to illustrate how care and access inform their services and policies. In conclusion, I propose that the inclusion of religious insights and foundational theological values and principles into the mainstream bioethical discourse in India will both enrich the interreligious learning and enhance the various initiatives to promote basic healthcare more participatory and successful
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Theology
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Thor, Danielle Claire. "Ethics in Emergency Medical Services: A Contextual Analysis." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/592304.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
The modern concept of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) has grown from its humble volunteerism origins to a multidisciplinary enterprise, outstretched into the realms of both healthcare and public service. As the American EMS community continues to assume greater responsibilities and further develop its professional standards, the moral foundations of this field open themselves to more thorough scrutiny. Upon examination, the major deficit in the ethical structuring of EMS becomes glaringly obvious: it exists as a piecemeal collection of its medical and militaristic counterparts unified by theoretical generalizations that avoid its inherently unique structure. If EMS wishes to matriculate into complete professionalism, or even continue its assumption of critical responsibilities surrounding the health and safety of others, then it must also develop and maintain its own individual ethical framework from which it operates. In doing so, an urban bioethical approach rooted in context-driven analysis and pragmatic solutions may provide the best guidance and protections for all those who interact with the EMS system while respecting the values of this distinctively prideful service.
Temple University--Theses
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Künig, Damian. "Les institutions de l'éthique discursive face au droit dans la régulation des nouvelles technologies médicales /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30309.
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Discourse ethics relates to an argumentative discussion about our moral norms and their foundations. The purpose of my research is to describe and evaluate the functioning of several institutions of discourse ethics as sources of normativity for the regulation of new medical technologies and to propose some possible interactions between law and these institutions.The institutions of discourse ethics I will look at are: national commissions of experts, national ethics committees, technology assessment committees and consensus conferences. Used in these institutions, argumentative discussion has the capacity to influence the meaning we give to our moral norms as well as the context and the conditions for their application. These discussions generate a special kind of normativity, which ought to be recognised by our legal system. Law itself would benefit from an interaction with such normativity.
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Wyman, Jamie L. "Facilitating Feminist Ethics Consultations: A Legal Solution to Encourage Innovative Ethical Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193240.
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This thesis aims to make feminist theory an integral part of hospital ethics committee ("HEC") decisionmaking. Specifically, the feminist theories discussed in this thesis prioritize an awareness of social context. The small-scale study conducted for this thesis found that HECs already consider social context to some extent but that they may also be open to more systematic integration. As opposed to courts, HECs provide a space where innovative alternatives (e.g., feminist approaches) to principalist bioethical decisionmaking can be tested. In order to encourage the development of such alternatives, this thesis has proposed a framework for the relationship between courts and HECs so that patients can benefit from the strengths of both entities in ways that have not been possible in the past.
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Ma, Yonghui. "Application of Confucian and Western ethical theories in developing HIV/AIDS policies in China : an essay in cross-cultural bioethics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/application-of-confucian-and-western-ethical-theories-in-developing-hivaids-policies-in-chinaan-essay-in-crosscultural-bioethics(7e8f48b1-988d-49c3-82e8-b1ece91469a2).html.
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This study is a contribution to Chinese-Western dialogue of bioethics but perhaps the first one of its kind. From a Chinese-Western comparative ethical perspective, this work brings Chinese ethical theories, especially Confucian ethics, into a contemporary context of the epidemic of HIV/AIDS, and to see how the deeply-rooted thoughts of Confucius interact, compete, or integrate with concepts from Western ethical traditions. An underlying belief is that some ideas in Confucian ethics are important and insightful beyond their cultural and historical origins in China and other Confucianism influenced societies.Methodologically, this thesis employs two approaches, conceptual normative analysis combined with critical interpretation. The ‘interpretive’ approach I employ, as an important methodology supplementing my normative analysis, not only deals with Chinese ancient texts, but also explains specific beliefs and practices in China.With a critical eye, this thesis carefully examines a number of key topics in the ethics of AIDS in China from a cross-cultural perspective. Topics including: views on personhood and the vulnerability of People Living with HIV/AIDS; prioritising and balancing the role of ‘harm reduction’ and the role of ‘eradication of deviant behaviour’ in AIDS policy in China; rights-based opt-out approach and duty-based family-centred approach in HIV testing and Biobanking; blood donation; moral responsibility and personal responsibility for health; and the popular rhetoric of ‘innocent infection’ versus ‘guilty infection’ in AIDS. My overall aim in this work is to present a cross-cultural bioethics study through the investigation of some ethical issues in AIDS in China from a Chinese-Western comparative perspective and also attempt to suggest a humane and effective policy for HIV/AIDS which I believe is appropriate to both traditions. I believe this work has contributed to our knowledge in three related but independent areas: the control of the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in China; medical ethics in China; and to both the methods and the utility of cross-cultural study of bioethics between China and the West.
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Monzon, Alana A. "The Benefit of Autonomy Promotion in Pediatric Disaster Research." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595542961623562.
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Beaty-Edwards, Dawn Tanesha. "ETHICS AT THE BEDSIDE: ADVOCACY FOR THE PATIENT AND THE COST." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/563468.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
As a healthcare professional at the bedside, it has been very difficult to advocate for the patient while all parties involved cannot respect what the patient wants. Four out of five Americans do not have an advance directive. The history and court cases that have led the country to make patient’s right to make their own healthcare decisions has been decades in the making, yet still bring daily challenges within the healthcare system. When a patient’s wishes are not being honored, medical futility may lead to moral distress and compassion fatigue. Institutions provide multidisciplinary teams to address these issues, but if a patient’s capacity or competence is in question, their voice may not be heard. The toll on the healthcare provider and the patient can be permanently damaging, causing many nurses to leave the profession all together. I will attempt to determine the barriers to implementing the patient’s wishes, address the syndrome of moral distress among healthcare professionals, and attempt to offer solutions to promote well rounded, patient-centered care.
Temple University--Theses
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Eggleston, John Edward. "By parallel reasoning with bioethics: toward unity and effectiveness in the theory and practice of environmental ethics." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6493.
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Whether philosophy can contribute decisively towards alleviating humanity’s pressing environmental predicament I here argue in the affirmative. There are many considerations that challenge my case. Specifically, I show that environmental ethics, the subdiscipline of moral philosophy which was founded on the presumption of this possibility, has faltered. The field threatens to divide between “impractical theoretical” discourses within the academy, and “pragmatic” and largely atheoretical “practical” engagements with environmental science, policy and management.
To help environmental ethics advance beyond this dysfunctional division, I explore methodological comparisons with bioethics, the “most successful field of applied ethics”. My deliberations apply in novel ways Bartha’s model for evaluating the plausibility of scientific hypotheses that incorporate analogies. In an initial test application of Bartha’s model, I evaluate the relevance to environmental ethics of the failure of the “top-down” applied ethics approach in bioethics. I present good reasons to conclude that environmental ethics can indeed learn from this failure. I also conclude that my trial application of Bartha’s model is promising.
I then evaluate two proposals for reforms towards the greater practical effectiveness of environmental ethics. First I evaluate the plausibility of the proposal of Minteer and Collins for a new field of “ecological ethics”. They argue for the adoption of the broadly pragmatic methodological commitments now prevailing in bioethics. Because they focus primarily on supporting individual rather than collaborative processes of ethical judgment, I argue they risk facilitating an ethically pernicious “ecological paternalism” on analogy with the widely condemned practice of medical paternalism.
Second I evaluate Norton’s proposal to incorporate environmental ethics within the adaptive ecosystem management paradigm. By arguing that the tasks of seeking cultural and biophysical sustainability within spatiotemporally defined communities must be integrated, Norton offers a potentially vital interface for intelligent and just interaction between culture and wider nature. I also argue this interface may be of more general relevance to bioethics and moral and political philosophy. However, a significant theoretical challenge for Norton’s sustainability model is identified.
I argue that his model provides a thought experiment which illustrates the conceptual and practical incoherence of the primary liberal mechanisms for managing ethical conflict once these are applied to the sustainability challenge. Those mechanisms are the separation of public and private spheres and the simultaneous pursuit within private spaces of mutually exclusive conceptions of the good (and biophysically sustainable) life. I argue that rectifying this failure defines a vital, albeit daunting, theoretical and practical challenge for environmental ethics. That is to reconceptualise ethical conflict and to help design and facilitate practical processes to achieve sufficient common ethical agreement. Addressing this challenge is beyond the scope of this dissertation. However, some promising work and possibilities for further research are outlined.
I conclude that I have successfully defended the value of analogical comparison with bioethics for enhancing the unity and effectiveness of theory and practice in environmental ethics. I therefore further conclude that I am correct to affirm that philosophy can, and I believe indeed should, contribute more effectively toward alleviating humanity’s pressing environmental predicament.
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Melnik, Cristina Soares. "Relações familiares e consultorias de bioética clínica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/69641.
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Introdução: As consultorias de Bioética Clínica auxiliam no processo de reflexão para a tomada de decisão dos profissionais, dos pacientes ou das famílias quando surge algum problema ou conflito ético durante o atendimento assistencial. As relações familiares dos pacientes podem estar envolvidas nestas situações, inclusive de forma a dificultá-la. Objetivos: Avaliar a presença e a influência das famílias nas consultorias de Bioética Clínica. Assim como, estabelecer o perfil das consultorias nas quais as relações familiares dificultaram a resolução do problema ou conflito ético, quanto aos solicitantes, às especialidades, aos registros em prontuários eletrônicos, aos pacientes e às relações familiares. Métodos: Foram avaliados 307 registros de consultoria de Bioética Clínica, por demanda assistencial, realizadas pelo Serviço de Bioética do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre de 2010 a 2011. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos registros do Serviço de Bioética e dos prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes. Foram excluídas as consultorias proativas realizadas nos Rounds Clínicos regulares das equipes assistenciais, as reuniões do Serviço de Bioética e do Comitê de Bioética Clínica. Para análise qualitativa foi utilizada a Análise de Conteúdo e a classificação de Nelson e Nelson, de sete aspectos para as relações familiares. A avaliação quantitativa foi feita por meio de medidas descritivas e por associações, utilizando o programa SPSS 18.0. Resultados: Em 57% dos 307 registros de consultoria avaliados as relações familiares dos pacientes estavam envolvidas, predominantemente (38%) dificultando a resolução do problema ou conflito ético. Destas consultorias, cujas famílias agregaram dificuldades (n=116), 71% das consultorias foram geradas por solicitações de médicos. Os serviços de Medicina Interna, Pediatria e Psiquiatria demandaram 56% das consultorias. Em 79% dos registros foi possível identificar os prontuários dos pacientes associados. Quanto a resposta, 71% das consultorias foram atendidas no mesmo dia ou no dia seguinte à sua solicitação. Quando às características dos pacientes, a distribuição em relação ao sexo foi equilibrada, com predomínio da faixa etária adulta, e 54% eram procedentes de Porto Alegre. As relações familiares naturalmente impostas foram as mais identificadas (72%). Nestas mesmas 116 famílias foram identificados os sete aspectos das relações familiares: intimidade; não substituição; motivos; responsabilidade; vínculos; enredos familiares e modelagem. Conclusão: A compreensão da presença e da influência das famílias, principalmente quando estas dificultam a resolução do problema ou conflito ético, a identificação do perfil destas consultorias, bem como a reflexão sobre os aspectos das relações familiares, pode ampliar as possibilidades de avaliar os casos de Bioética Clínica e de planejar estratégias institucionais que envolvem o processo de tomada de decisão no atendimento assistencial.Introduction: Clinical Bioethics consultants assist professionals, patients or families in the reflection of decision-making process when a problem or ethical conflict arises during assistance services. Family relationships of patients may be involved in these situations, including how to hinder it. Objectives: To evaluate the presence and influence of families in Clinical Bioethics consultations. As well to establish the consulting profile in which family relationships difficult to resolve the problem or ethical conflict: applicants, specialty, records in electronic medical records, patients and family relations. Methods: We analyzed 307 records of Clinical Bioethics ondemand assistance consultations, conducted by the Bioethics Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre from 2010 to 2011. Data were collected from the records of the Bioethics Division and electronic medical records of patients. Were excluded proactive consultancies carried out in regular Clinical Rounds of healthcare, the regular meetings of the Division and the meetings of Clinical Bioethics Committe. For qualitative analysis was used content analysis and classification of seven aspects for family relationships (Nelson and Nelson). The quantitative evaluation was performed by descriptive measures and associations, using SPSS 18.0. Results: In 57% of the 307 records of family relations consultant evaluated the patients involved were predominantly (38%) making it difficult to resolve the problem or ethical conflict. These consultancies, whose families have added difficulties (n = 116), 71% of consultations were generated by requests from physicians. Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Psychiatry Services demanded 56% of consultants. In 79% of the records was possible to identify patient records associated with it. As for response, 71% of consultations were seen on the same day or the day after your request. The patient characteristics, distribution in relation to gender, was balanced, with a predominance of adult age group and 54% were from Porto Alegre. Family relationships identified as naturally imposed were the most predominant (72%). In the same 116 families were identified the seven aspects of family relationships: Intimacy, Not Replacement, Reasons, Responsibility, Links, Family Plots and Modeling. Conclusion: The understanding of the presence and influence of families, especially when they hinder the resolution of the problem or ethical conflict, identifying the profile of these consultants, as well as reflections on aspects of family relationships, can extend the possibilities to assess cases of Clinical Bioethics and institutional policies that involve the process of decision making in health care services.
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Arnman, Reet. "Doctor's experiences of work related moral problems : responsibility without clear boundaries /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-870-X/.
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Silva, Vera Lucia Mariani da. "Aborto : uma discussão ética." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2013. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/786.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o aborto através da perspectiva da ética. Tentará responder algumas questões relacionadas à ética no aborto, as situações em que é eticamente permissível abortar, se o aborto é entendido como errado sempre ou existem situações em que se torna eticamente aceitável, além de questões relacionadas à personalização do feto. Questiona também a existência ou não, de danos ao conduzir uma gestação de um feto não desejado. Para construir a argumentação será utilizando o artigo de Thomson, publicado originalmente em 1971, e o de Schwarz publicado em 1992. A fundamentação será baseada na Bioética e no Utilitarismo, além da revisão das raízes históricas do aborto, da definição de pessoa e da possibilidade de definir quando começa a vida humana.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-07-09T14:09:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Vera Lucia Mariani da Silva.pdf: 1429171 bytes, checksum: a745fce51e52fadbd27f6926470188d7 (MD5)
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This essay has as main objective analyze the perspective trough ethics. It will attempt to answer some related questions about the abortion’s ethics, the situations where is ethically allowable the act of abortion, if the abortion is understanding as wrong ever or if could exist situations where abortions turns ethically allowable, also the questions related to the fetus as a persona. Likewise, questions the damage existences or not in conducting an unwanted fetus pregnancy. The argumentation’s building process is given utilizing the Thomson’s article originally published in 1971 and the Schwarz’s published in 1992. The substantiation will be based in Bioethics and Utilitarianism, in addition to, this essay review historical abortion’s roots, from the persona definition and the possibility of determine where human life begins.
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Patel, Hamish Rajni. "When the Invisible Becomes Visible: Deconstruction Stigma and Changing Identity by Exploring the Lived Experience of Those with Multiple Sclerosis." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/441109.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
This paper examines the lived experience of multiple sclerosis (MS) through the lens of stigma. Stigma is a social phenomenon through which people who are deemed outside the norm, due to either behavior or appearance, become vulnerable to being discredited or ostracized. The case of MS is interesting, because while it eventually manifests in distinct outward physical signs, individuals with the disease often live for years without outward symptoms, meaning that their stigma-inducing qualities are latent, but not yet seen. Pre-symptomatic individuals, in attempting to manage the inevitable stigma, must balance the risks and benefits of choosing whether to pass or reveal. The seismic physiologic shifts MS flares cause result in changes to both an individual’s physical and social capabilities, thus affecting individual’s roles and subsequent emotional well-being, which can be further impacted by social stigmatization. As a result of physical limitations, individuals with MS experience stigma in the form of employment discrimination, co-worker misunderstandings, and familial over or under attention to their illness. These factors only exacerbate the emotional despondence these individuals experience from a loss in their identity. By looking at the literature on stigma formation, management of invisible social identities, and the stigma of MS, an appreciation for the lived experience of MS can be gained. Such an appreciation can hopefully lead to methods to prevent the marginalization of such groups and foster supportive measures and education that helps deconstruct the stigma.
Temple University--Theses