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1
Mosná, Silvia. "Účinek emergentních mikropolutantů na proces denitrifikace aktivovaným kalem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409972.
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Diploma thesis Effect of emergent micropolutants on the denitrification process through activated sludge is focused on three specific substances. The substances under investigation are atrazine, terbutylazine and sulfametaxazole. Atrazine and terbutylazine are pesticides, particularly herbicides. Sulfametaxazole was chosen as a common antibiotic. The thesis is summarized into 10 chapters and conclusion. The work consists essentially of theoretical and practical part. Part of the theoretical part of the thesis is legislation that deals with the matters of the problem with micropolutants. The next chapter is an introduction to the issue, where we want to familiarize the reader with the current situation. There are also chapters on emergent micropolutants, denitrification and investigated substances. If we look at the practical part, there are chapters on sampling, evaluation of BATCH tests and evaluation of inhibition tests. There are also chapters on BATCH tests and respiratory inhibition test, which describe procedures of how we performed this test. Laboratory test reports are included in the Annex.
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Baranová, Zuzana. "Izolace obsahových látek Cannabis sativa a jejich antiflogistický účinek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217131.
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The object of this thesis is a traditional and also controversial plant Cannabis sativa. The theoretical part is focused on ubiquitous polyphenolic compounds – flavonoids, also present in the studied plant. All previously researched and confirmed effects on human body are described in detail. The experimental part of this thesis describes the isolation and identification of substances of the chloroform and hexane yields of extract obtained from this plant. Chromatographic methods were used for isolation – thin layer and column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. Obtained substances were characterized using UV, IR spectrophotometry and NMR. Then the anti-inflammatory activity of obtained substances and also of the ethanolic extract and its yields was observed. The result of the experimental part was the isolation of one pure substance which was identified as the cannabidiolic acid. Using the THP 1 assay, we demonstrated mild anti-inflammatory effect of the non-polar yields and isolated CBDA.
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Langová, Markéta. "Účinek plastifikátorů na chování a vlastnosti alkalicky aktivovaných materiálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316430.
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Alkali activated materials could be suitable alternative to construction materials based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Therefore, it is advisable to pursue these binders further on. Aim of this thesis is to clarify the effect of lignosulfonate-based plasticizer and polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer on the behaviour and nature of alkali activated materials. For the purposes of studying the efficiency of plasticizing additives, the change of workability of alkali activated blast furnace slag in dependence on time, effect of additives on mechanical properties as well as, with usage of isothermal calorimetry, their impact on kinetics of solidification and hardening had been observed. The stability of the plasticizing admixtures in a high alkaline environment such as water glass and sodium hydroxide had been studied using infrared spectrometry. As a last step, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) had been used while clarifying the chemical changes in the structure of plasticizing additives after adsorption to blast furnace slag.
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Kramárová, Petra. "Studium vlivu vlhkosti na celkový sterilizační účinek dielektrického bariérového výboje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216895.
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The main subject of this diploma thesis is the study of the effect of humidity on the total sterilization effect of the dielectric barrier discharge. Sterilization is a process which can eliminate all forms of life. The plasma sterilization is one of the methods that are suitable for sterilization of temperature and chemical sensitive materials. This sterilization method was proved to be effective on the wide spectrum of procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms. Basically, the main inactivation factors for cells exposed to plasma are heat, UV radiation and various reactive species. Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating at atmospheric pressure was used for the sterilization of the samples. The discharge was generated in dry air and in humid air. The plasma power densities were 2 160 mW.cm-3, 2 279 mW.cm-3 and 2 760 mW.cm-3 (dry air) or 2 326 mW.cm-3 and 2 850 mW.cm-3 (humid air). Humidity of air was achieved using a wash bottle filled with water through which air flowed into the DBD reactor. Fungi spores of Aspergillus niger were used as model microorganisms. Whatman paper No. 1 was used as the carrying medium. When comparing sterilization efficiency of humid and dry air operating at the same conditions, the higher sterilization effect was observed in humid air. The sterilization effect of the DBD generated in air was compared with results obtained during plasma generation in argon and nitrogen. At the same conditions, the highest sterilization effect was observed in argon, followed by humid air, nitrogen and dry air. It was found out that in our experimental setup the active species are probably the main inactivation mechanism. The influence of temperature on the inactivation of microorganisms was completely negligible. The discharge parameters were studied by means of the optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Plasma treated samples were analyzed employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Damage of the microorganisms due to the effect of plasma as well as plasma effect on the structure of the carrying medium was evaluated.
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Zachová, Lucie. "Účinek zvýšené koncentrace oxidu uhličitého na množství a aktivitu enzymu Rubisco." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216364.
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In this diploma work changes of initial and total activities and content of Rubisco in beech and Norway spruce were studied. The plants were cultivated in conditions with ambient CO2 concentration (350 mol·mol–1) and elevated CO2 concentration (700 mol·mol–1). Three series of samples (at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of growing season) were taken. Initial and total Rubisco activities were measured spectrophotometrically and activation state was calculated. Rubisco content was determined by SDS–PAGE method. Rubisco activity in beech cultivated in elevated CO2 concentration decreased during the whole growing season while in beech growing in ambient CO2 concentration Rubisco activity decreased up to middle of growing season and then increased. Rubisco content in beech in ambient CO2 concentration slightly increased and in beech in elevated CO2 concentration decreased up to middle of growing season and then increased. Rubisco activities in Norway spruce both in ambient and elevated CO2 concentration decreased. Rubisco content in Norway spruce in ambient CO2 concentration decreased but in Norway spruce in elevated CO2 concentration first decreased and then increased.
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Šulák, Ivo. "Účinek AlCr vrstvy na únavové vlastnosti niklové superslitiny IN 713LC za teploty 800 °C." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230927.
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The present diploma thesis is focused on the effect of AlCr layer on the low cycle fatigue behaviour of cast polycrystalline superalloy IN713LC at 800°C. Protective layer is made by chemical vapour deposition followed by heat treatment. Fatigue tests were conducted in strain control mode with constant total strain amplitude and strain rate. The fatigue behaviour is assessed by cyclic hardening/softening curves, cyclic stress-strain curves, Manson-Coffin curves and Basquin curves. Microstructure was observed in as-received state and also after cyclic loading by means of optical microscopy and SEM.
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Rybařík, Jaroslav. "Vliv rozměrového účinku na integritu povrchu při vystružování s využitím moderní vystružovací hlavice MT3." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229942.
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The aim of this thesis is to design, implement and evaluate an experiment that verifies the influence the size effect on selected parameters of the surface integrity. For the experiment were used highly productive reaming head MT3 made by HAM-FINAL. Evaluation of the surface integrity was done in terms of the characteristics of the surface roughness, geometric tolerances and changes in microstructure. Furthermore, the influence of the depth of chips evaluated for changes in the feed force, cutting torque and changes in specific cutting energy. The theoretical part deals with the description of the size effect, characteristic reaming, surface integrity, preparation of material and identification of highly productive MT3 reaming head.
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Merjavá, Veronika. "Horizontální přímý účinek základních svobod." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342091.
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in English language: The statement of Angela Merkel from November 2014 that she would rather see the UK out of the EU than compromise the free movement in the EU (which as at the date of the submission of this dissertation materialized in potential Brexit) was one of the reasons which encouraged the author to analyse the reach of free movement rules, more specifically the horizontal direct effect of the Treaty freedoms, in this dissertation. The author focuses on the issues stemming mainly from the broader topic of the legitimacy of market integration which the author translated into the concept of separation of the regulatory competences between the EU and the Member States and related separation between the Treaty provisions' addressees, namely the Member States and the private entities. This dissertation focuses on the following research question: To what extent has the CJEU advanced the European market integration through the development of the principle of horizontal direct effect of the Treaty freedoms? The starting point after the establishment of the EEC was that the sole addressees of the Treaty freedoms were the Member States whereas the Treaty rules on competition only applied to private entities. However, as is demonstrated throughout this dissertation, it is nowadays generally accepted...
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Karasová, Martina. "Účinek kejdy skotu na zaplevelení porostů." Master's thesis, 1993. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-189796.
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Procházková, Eliška. "Účinek flavonoidů na vybrané biotransformační enzymy." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382812.
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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Eliška Procházková Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of flavonoids on selected biotransformation enzymes In recent years, catechins which belong to flavonoids have been studied polyphenolic constituents of green tea. Especially their beneficial effects on the human health are mostly studied. The popularity of dietary supplements with high levels of flavonoids is growing and thus they can affect a wide range of biotransformation enzymes and also the metabolism of many drugs. The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out how the selected catechins - catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin 3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) and the green tea extract - polyphenon 60 (P) influence the viability of the Caco-2 cells and the activity and expression of the selected biotransformation enzymes in these cells - cytochromes P450 (CYP) isoforms 1A1, 1A2, and 3A, aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1), aldo-keto reductase 1C (AKR1C), carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), sulfotransferase (SULT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The viability tests (NRU test and MTT test) proved that catechins (EGC,...
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Ľupták, Peter. "Antimikrobní účinek fotokatalyticky účinných sloučení kovů." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279574.
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1 Abstract. ĽUPTÁK, P. Antimicrobial effect of photocalatic effective compounds of metals. Diploma work. Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 2009. Field of study: Pharmacy, Background This diploma work is aimed at testing antimicrobial activity coatings on the basis of photocalytic effect of nano particles of metal dioxides. In the coats tested active nano particles of tantium dioxide alone or with zinc oxide were used. Methods In this work we have developed a methodics, which is in the experimental part. The methodics contains three ways, in which the coats have been mutually compared on the basis of activation of UV-VIS radiation: A method of in advance radiated coats with antimicrobial activity for three hours. A method of radiation of the coats with antimicrobial activity with applied suspension. A method of radiation of coats in advance with microbial activity for various time periods. The effectiveness have been tested on five microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococus auereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacilus subtilis and Candida albicans as the representative of eukaryotic organisms. Results At all methods G- microorganisms were more sensitive, which showed the sensitivity even without UV-VIS radiation. After longer time periods of contact G+ organisms were well...
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Štochlová, Karolína. "Účinek vybraných léčiv na aktivitu cholinesterázy." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312979.
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We investigated the effect of selected compounds on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. For our experimental research colorimetric Ellman method has been applied. The potency and the selectivity of tested compounds has been evaluated via their IC50 for AChE and BChE for. Inhibitory activity of tested compounds against AChE decreased in the order: quinacrine > 9-aminoacridine > proflavine > anatruxonium > BDMDAC > N-(4- trifluoromethylbenzyl) cinchoninium bromide > N-benzylquininium > URA 112 > URA 114 > chloroquine. Ajmaline, brucine, strychnine, tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, dosulepine), cyclizine and scopolamine exerted a low anticholinesterase activity (IC50 greater than 1 mM) and are therefore clinically insignificant. As the standard substances for comparison with the tested compounds, we used reversible cholinesterase inhibitors: etoproprazine and BW284c51 and as irreversible inhibitor ethylparaoxone. 9-aminoacridine showed the same efficacy as the irreversible standard compound, quinacrine even exceeded the efficiency by several orders of magnitude, however significant error was observed in that case. Other substances tested exerted a lower activity than the irreversible standard and furthermore, they did not reach the clinical efficacy of commonly used...
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Hlaváčová, Jitka. "Inhibiční účinek anthokyanidinů na jaterní karbonylreduktasu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-325497.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Jitka Hlaváčová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Inhibitory effect of anthocyanidins on hepatic carbonyl reductase Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is a reducing enzyme that plays a significant role in the first phase of biotransformation of both endogenous and exogenous substrates. It participates in detoxification of many xenobiotics, among them important drugs. Differences in expression and activity of hepatic biotransforming enzymes may affect efficiency and safety of treatment. The aim of this work was to compare the activity and expression of CBR in old and young individuals and to define an inhibitory effect of selected anthocyanidins on the activity of CBR in humans and rats and to determine a value of IC50 and a type of inhibition for the strongest inhibitors. Meaningly higher activity of CBR was detected in the senescent rats compared to the young ones and the old rats also showed larger interindividual variability. No significant age- related differences have been identified by measurement of activity CBR in human samples. Anthocyanidins showed a mild to moderate inhibitory effect on CBR. The enzyme was most strongly inhibited by delphinidin (IC50...
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Klímová, Pavlína. "Antiproliferační účinek oleje z voskovníku červeného." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334664.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Pavlína Klímová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Supervisor specialist: RNDr. Věra Králová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiproliferative effect of Chinese bayberry oil Bayberry, Myrica rubra, is a fruit tree growing especially in China. It is also used in traditional medicine. There are many studies confirming its biological activities. Lately, Myrica rubra essential oil (MRO) was isolated from its leaves and its anticancer properties were tested in several intestinal cancer cell lines. In this study, the anticancer effect of MRO was verified by performing a neutral red uptake test in cell lines SW480, SW620, HT29 and in non-cancerous human fibroblast cell line GF 6 for comparison. HT29 was the most sensitive cell line, contrary to GF 6, which was not affected by MRO. We also tested a possible mechanism of action, a production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The essential oil significantly elevated the generation of ROS and this effect was concentration dependent. We also searched for the active substances in MRO. We conducted the tests with four sesquiterpenes - α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene-oxide and trans-nerolidol. The neutral red uptake test showed...
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Procházková, Eliška. "Účinek flavonoidů na vybrané biotransformační enzymy." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334676.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Eliška Procházková Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of flavonoids on selected biotransformation enzymes In recent years, catechins which belong to flavonoids have been studied polyphenolic constituents of green tea. Especially their beneficial effects on the human health are mostly studied. The popularity of dietary supplements with high levels of flavonoids is growing and thus they can affect a wide range of biotransformation enzymes and also the metabolism of many drugs. The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out how the selected catechins - catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and the green tea extract - polyphenon 60 (P) influence the viability of the Caco-2 cells and the activity and expression of the selected biotransformation enzymes in these cells - cytochromes P450 (CYP) isoforms 1A1, 1A2, and 3A, aldehydreductase (AKR1A1), aldo-ketoreductases 1C (AKR1C), carbonylreductase 1 (CBR1), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), sulfotransferase (SULT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The viability tests (NRU test and MTT test) proved that catechins...
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Marečková, Helena. "Antimikrobní účinek jako vedlejší efekt antidepresiv." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-280121.
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1 Abstract Several years ago antimicrobial activity was describe for psychotropic drugs against wide groups of microorganisms. Recently it was found that one class of them, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), has in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity. In this study the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of two SSRI (paroxetine and fluoxetine) against various strains of Candida spp. (Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichosporon beigelii using a broth microdilution test were investigated. The most susceptible fungal organism was Saccharomyces cerevisiae - fluoxetine (MIC 15,6µg/ml) and paroxetine (MIC 31,25µg/ml). In the second part of our study we tested combination of some antifungal agents (amphotericin B, fluconazole and flucytosine) with paroxetine and fluoxetine using checkerboard method. Activity was measured against two strains Candida albicans, one strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three auxotrophic strains Candida albicans (CA-SC, CA-BWOZ, CA-BWP), depended on uridine. For fluconazole testing we used six fluconazole-resistant strains Candida spp. in addition. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes ranged between 0,5 and 2,4 for the various combinations and various...
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Kučerová, Věra. "Účinek hnojení na eluci živin z půdy." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179748.
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The focus of the dissertation was on the evaluation of the effect of fertilisation on the elution of nutrients from the soil in various soil and climate conditions. The results were used of long-term stationary experiments conducted at the ÚKZUZ (Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture) by means of lysimeter measurements and monitoring of meteorological data taking into account the respective production region. The trial plots are located in various parts of the Czech Republic therefore we can compare the results of experiments according to the soil-leaching regimes, various degree of fertilisation on arable land etc. Three crop rotations were evaluated (1989 - 1996, 1997 - 2004, 2005 - 2012). The most severe losses caused by washing out were losses of calcium, sulphates and nitrate N. In the case of N and K the balance of nutrients (uptake -- outflow) was in most cases negative with the exception of potato growing. This negative balance is based on the higher outflow (withdrawal by yields + washing-out losses) as compared to the lower input (nutrient uptake from fertilisers + precipitation). The balance was more negative in the BVO (potato growing region) with a soil-leaching phase than in the ŘVO (sugar-beet growing region) where the soil-leaching regime was periodic. Adequate and harmonic fertilisation is the prerequisite for a balance of nutrients respecting the actual yields.
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Rudišarová, Simona. "Účinek metabolitu quercetinu na isolovaných potkaních arteriích." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382800.
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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Simona Rudišarová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of quercetin metabolite on the rat isolated arteries This study is focused on the research of the effects of flavonol quercetin and its selected metabolites (3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid) on blood vessels in vitro. A standardized method of an isolated rat aorta was used. The aim of this study was to find out how substances act on the isolated aorta and if the effect of the effective metabolite is dependent on the presence of the endothelium in the vessel. After precontracting with noradrenaline, individual concentrations of the test substances were added to the aortic ring bath (final concentrations in the bath ranging from 10-7 to 10-3 M). From the measured values EC50 values (quercetin = 3,63 . 10-5 M, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid = 3,21 . 10-6 M, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid = 4,38 . 10-5 M) were obtained and the corresponding DRC curves were constructed using S.P.E.L. Advanced Kymograph Software. The experiment was performed once again with quercetin and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid on the endothelium-denuded vessel. According to the results is...
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Šipková, Anna. "Antiparazitický a antimykotický účinek různých chelátorů železa." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445937.
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Iron plays a key role in many metabolic pathways in the cell, but it may become toxic at higher concentrations. Therefore, the maintenance of iron homeostasis is crucial for cell viability and is strictly regulated. This element has also an important role in the host-parasite interaction. Parasites are fully dependent on iron uptake from the host environment. Iron uptake is a very difficult process thanks to effective sequestration of the host's iron supplies, which makes iron almost inaccessible to parasites. Imported iron is mostly transported to the mitochondria where it is necessary for its proper function. This work is focused on the effect of modified chelators on pathogenic fungi and the chosen kinetoplastid parasites, which cause serious human diseases. These diseases are becoming a great threat due to emerging drug resistances. Modified chelators are able to target mitochondrial functions and affect iron homeostasis, which can lead to a promising antiparasitic and antimycotic effect. Modified chelators in tested organisms can inhibit their gorwth even in nM concetrations, affect mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential and membrane permeability. Thanks to mitochondrial targeting the potency was much higher compared to the unmodified compounds. This work contains also research of new...
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Kudiyirickal, Marina George. "Účinek antimikrobiálních prostředků na mikroorganismy dutiny ústní." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312113.
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Disease of the pulp and periodontium which constitute the vast proportion of odontogenic infections are mainly caused by the endogenous bacterial microbiota in the oral cavity while non odontogenic infections in the same area vary depending on the nature and site of infection. The rational use of antibiotic is important to prevent development of resistant strains and other side effects of drugs. Aim: To investigate (i) the prevalence of bacterial species in oral samples of patients with bacterial infection reporting at the Dept of Dentistry (1996- 2007), (ii) to assess the age and sex predilection and , (iii) and species specific relationships, and (iv) to determine the susceptible-resistant biotype profile of the bacterial isolates from odontogenic and non odontogenic infections. Materials and methods: Laboratory and clinical data of patient's electronic files at Dept of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital in Hradec Králové for the years 1996-2007 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Bacterial orofacial odontogenic or non odontogenic infection was detected in a total of 678 patients with 350 males (51.6%) and 328 females (48.4%). The bacterial isolates included 48 bacterial species with predominance of facultative anaerobes which accounted for 78.5% (n= 1263) and obligate anaerobes...
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Vajduláková, Petra. "Antimikrobní účinek fotokatalyticky účinných sloučenin kovů II." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279486.
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Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králove Studijní obor: farmacie Diplomová práce Petra Vajduláková Antimikrobní účinek fotokatalyticky účinných sloučenín kovů II. 2010 Summary This thesis deals with methodology of testing of coatings with antimicro- bial activity. It continues in research of other works at Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, which deal with testing of coatings with antimicrobial effect of photocatalytic effective com- pounds of metals. Photocatalytic effect, as a new approach in the fight against microorgan- isms, has been studying for a longer time. Its utilization seems to be wide and unspecifity of its action qualifies this effect to not generate resistance of mi- croorganisms. The target was to modify existing standard methods of testing of coatings with an antimicrobial activity, and to adapt them to tested coatings. Coatings were tested at special designed boards, which facilitate better contact of bacte- rial suspension with surface of coatings. This better contact was also done by continual agitation of boards with bacterial suspension during testing. By devel- oping of method we modified conditions of testing of coatings. We adapted times of UV light exposure of coatings, density of bacterial suspension and...
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Lípová, Pavlína. "Účinek vybraných antiparazitik na motolice Trichobilharzia regenti." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306679.
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Praziquantel is a drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis caused by human species of the genus Schistosoma. The effect of the drug on avian schistosomes is not completely known. Monensin is a drug used for the treatment of coccidiosis, and its effect on avian schistosomes is unknown. In the thesis, we studied the effect of these drugs on avian schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti. Under in vitro conditions, both drugs were effective after 6 hours of incubation. Praziquantel causes an extensive vacuolization of the whole body, while monensis treatment causes vacuolization of the anterior part of body. Higher concentration of praziquantel causes depolymerization of myofilaments and separation of surface membranes. Monensin did not impair muscles, but caused separation of tegumental layer from the basal membrane. Schistosomula in ducks were not killed by the drugs under in vivo conditions, but the worms were damaged by the drugs. Praziquantel caused vacuolization of the tegument and separation of membranes from the surface. Only vacuolization of the tegument occurred in schistosomula from ducks treated with monensin . No damage to the muscles was observed in the case of both drugs. Histological evaluation of the nerve tissue showed that thero no difference between treated and control duck....
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Jánošík, Petr. "Antimikrobní účinek jako vedlejší efekt antidepresiv II." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-281159.
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We've investigated the in vitro synergistic antibacterial potential of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine and fluoxetine) and antibiotics (represented by tetracycline and nalidixine). Activity has been measured against four bacterial CCM strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and eight tetracycline-resistant strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Synergy tests were performed using checkerboard method. We've observed growth or growth inhibition of bacteria, marked the "border" points area out and converted these points to values of relative concentrations in a graph. According to the under-graph area we've counted the CRIC. This coefficient has shown us the type of antibacterial interaction of the SSRI and antibiotics. In most cases we have observed addition of antimicrobial activity of the SSRI and antibiotics (either CCM strains or tetracycline-resistant strains), sometimes indifference and in rare cases also synergism (tetracycline- -paroxetine and tetracycline-fluoxetine against E. coli 2468, nalidixine-fluoxetine against S. aureus CCM, tetracycline-fluoxetine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 421). We have observed a decrease of resistance to tetracycline only in one case (tetracycline-paroxetine against E....
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Vlk, Lukáš. "Transgenerační účinek výživy na potomstvo apomiktických rostlin." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355984.
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Environmental conditions can influence epigenetic variability of clonal organisms. These environmentally induced changes have potential to persist in following generations. In theory, this transgenerational memory could allow clonal (and especially apomictic) plants to partly compensate reduced genetic variability and could enhance adaptative ability of apomictic populations. According to Muller's ratchet model, asexual organisms amass deleterious mutations, which could lead to their extinction. Possible transgenerational memory could partly compensate for this. It could also account for longtime survivorship of asexual organisms in environment. This thesis deals with transgenerational memory of triploid apomictic populations of Hieracium alpinum, with completely missing sexuality and thus genetically uniform offspring. Transgenerational effect in Hieracium alpinum was studied on clonal lineages originated from 5 populations (Norway, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovakia). Seeds were planted in cultivation experiment I in 3 treatments (control, added nutrients, added salicylic acid) and vegetative and generative traits were measured. Plants responded to nutrient addition but not to salicylic acid. Treatment with nutrient addition increased biomass, number of leaves and SLA (specific leaf...
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Tůmová, Jana. "Účinek vybraných živin na mitochondriální metabolismus kosterního svalu." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348081.
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Skeletal muscle plays an important role in the maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic alterations of skeletal muscle contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Relative excess and suboptimal composition of nutrients negatively affect skeletal muscle metabolism and a better understanding of mechanisms involved in these changes is of central importance. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to explore cell viability and mitochondrial respiratory parameters following experimentally induced changes in the availability or composition of selected nutrients (fatty acids and glutamine). We attempted to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the observed changes, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, or nuclear receptors activation. The studies were performed in vitro on skeletal muscle cell culture models. In addition, we examined mitochondrial function and fat accumulation in skeletal muscle of vegans, i.e. subjects consuming a strict plant-based diet. Using C2C12 skeletal muscle cells we studied the effects of free fatty acids (FFA). We found that relatively low doses of saturated palmitic acid increased hydrogen peroxide production and induced mtDNA damage, mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction...
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MUROŇOVÁ, Nikola. "Produkční účinek zkrmování hnědých mořských řas u skotu." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85733.
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The aim of the work was to observe effect of Elo Macro preparation of milch cows. For two months the experimental group (n = 36) was given feed enriched with 5 g brown seaweeds Elo Macro preparation but the control group (n = 34) was not. The experiment was repeated. In the second experiment there were the experimental group (n = 23) and control group (n = 23). The effect of brown seaweeds in preparation Elo Macro was tested: dairy production, index P 2:1, average fat, protein and laktose, all in milk, number of somatic cells, number of inflammations milk gland, parameters reproduction, specific gravity of colostrum, weight and vitality in calves after birth. The effect of the preparation brown seaweeds was not statistical significant. The positive effect was found out in the day dairy production and a milk protein.
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Srbová, Kateřina. "Progresivní účinek tvořivé intonace na rozvoj hudebnosti žáků." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408720.
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The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the theoretical knowledge of musical-psychological categories, which also includes musicality. The next chapter of the theoretical part is also focused on this theme. The last chapter is creativity and its characteristics and specifics in use in primary school. In the practical part was used the method of parallel group technique. Twenty two pupils took part in the experimental teaching and the same number of pupils represented the control group. The respondents were from two 4th grade classes of primary school. Moreover, in the practical part there is an analysis of the results of empirical research, which was realized by collective screening of musicality. Research has shown that pupils developed through creative intonation achieve better musicality than pupils trained in conventional music education. KEYWORDS musicality, musical creativity, creative intonation, screening of musical creativity, music education, primary school, experimental teaching
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Plachá, Jarmila. "Antimikrobní účinek látek určených k redukci kontaminace I." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279450.
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Jarmila Plachá Antimicrobial effect of agents predestined for prediction of contamination I Dissertation Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Pharmacy Aim of desertation: Firstly, developing a suitable metodology of testing antimicrobial activity of coats containing Photocatalytic nanoparticles of titanum and zinc oxides, against G+, G- bacteria and yeast plants. Secondly, verifying antimicrobial effectiveness of coating material provided by Synpo Pardubice, Inc., and identified as P-41 and P-55. Methods: 1. Coats were irradiated with UV radiation of wavelengths close to visible radiation, then contaminated with microbial suspension. Samples were collected at different intervals, and antimicrobial effectiveness of coatings was evaluated on the basis of the deducation of CFU. 2. Coats contaminated with microbial suspension were irradiated with UV radiation of wavelenghts close to visible radiation while they were being contaminated. Samples were collected at different intervals, and antimicrobial effectiveness of coatings was evaluated on the basis of the deducation of CFU. Results: Influence of UV-VIS radiation on the surface films and high antimicrobial effectiveness against gram-negative bacteria was proved as well as relatively good effectiveness against...
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Čechová, Petra. "Antimikrobní účinek látek určených k redukci kontaminace II." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279575.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Field: Pharmacy Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Petra Čechová Supervisor: PharmDr. Petr Jílek, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Antimicrobial effect of agents predestined for prediction of contamination II. Background: Objective of this diploma thesis is determination efficacy of antimicrobial paint designed for industrial production. Active substance of this antimicrobial paint was titanic oxide and zinc oxide respectively. Antimicrobial paints for our research were provided by Synpo a. s. Pardubice Company, we used antimicrobial paints P 41 a P 55. The second aim of this diploma thesis was the comparison of antimicrobial paints and comparison of photocatalytic activity against bacterial strains S. aureus and C. albicans. Methods: Working with UV light pre-activated antimicrobial paints (30 minutes); working with antimicrobial paints without pre-irradiation Main findings: Antimicrobial paint efficacy was determinated using dependence between time of irradiation antimicrobial paint (eventually contact time of suspension with activated antimicrobial paint) and number of CFU present in suspension of microorganisms Conclusions: We confirmed hypothesis, that antimicrobial paints have higher antimicrobial efficiency...
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Vránová, Eva. "Účinek komplexního rehabilitačního programu dětí s astma bronchiale." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-300438.
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Title: Effect of a comprehensive rehabilitation program of children with asthma bronchiale Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to show the usefulness and necessity of physical therapy in children with bronchial asthma and how does it affect them. Another objective was to summarize the possible available methods with demonstrations of examples of individual exercises that can be used for this disease. The aim was also monitoring and evaluation of the patient's subjective feelings. Methods: In the thesis we carried out a single arm experiment, where we used comprehensive kinesiology analysis of individual subjects and the methods of lung function tests. From the lung function test, we chose the spirometry test by method of curve flow / capacity and also we used the peak expiratory flow monitoring using peak-flow-meter. We compared the subjective feelings of clients at the beginning and the end of the treatment program. In the period we watched the changes of value in individual measuring techniques. Results: We found that a comprehensive treatment of children asthma has a significant impact on their posture and also on the respiratory functions and subjective perception of individual symptoms investigated clients. All clients received the same treatment and each of them occurred in...
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Grätzová, Michaela. "Antimikrobní účinek látek určených k redukci kontaminace IV." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296718.
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Author: Michaela Grätzová Title: Antimicrobial effect of agents predestined for prevention of contamination IV Master's thesis Charles university in Prague, Faculty Of Pharmacy Study program: Pharmacy Background In this research we studied the antimicrobial characteristic of paint coats, which had a different concentration of zinc oxide (0%; 4%; 15,2%). We investigated the effect of ultraviolet radiation in antimicrobial activity of paint coats. Methods Bacteria being tested included E. coli, S. aureus and C.albicans. We left the suspension of bacteria in contact with paint coats and we taken samples in defined time intervals. The first part of samples was irradiated by UV radiation for 30 minutes before application of microbial suspension. The second part of samples was irradiated by UV radiation for 30 minutes at the same time with microbial suspension. The third part of samples was not irradiated by UV radiation. The results were evaluated by bacterial colony plate counting. Results The paint coats have antimicrobial activity even without application of UV radiation. UV radiation enhances the antimicrobial properties and activates paint coats. Conclusions We have demonstrated the antimicrobial effects against all of the three species of bacteria. The most antibacterial result was against E...
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Pokorná, Barbora. "Účinek kyseliny nikotinové na aktivaci makrofágů při iktu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297597.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Barbora Pokorna Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pavek Ph.D. Specialized supervisor: Prof. Dr. med. Markus Schwaninger Title of diploma thesis: Effect of Nicotinic Acid on infiltration of macrophages in the ischemic brain Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and its effective protective treatment is still missing. Nicotinic acid has been a widely used substance to modify lipid profiles for many years and it successfully prevents clinical cardiovascular diseases. Recently explored receptor, GPR109A, causes its effect and it was found to be expressed in spleen, adipose, and immune cells including macrophages. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of nicotinic acid on the infarct size during cerebral ischemia and to determine the role of macrophages in its effect. We compared two groups in our experiments, transgenic CD11bDTR mice and control wild type (WT) mice. Both groups were treated with diphtheria toxin (DT), then a middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed and afterwards mice were treated with either nicotinic acid or vehicle. We have found depletion of macrophages in CD11bDTR group induced by DT treatment and depletion of macrophages in WT...
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Lepíková, Pavla. "Antimikrobní účinek látek určených k redukci kontaminace V." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313997.
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This thesis deals largely with the influence of UV radiation on the antimicrobial effects of several paint coats, which differed only varying concentrations of zinc oxide. Therefore, the relationship of concentration of oxide to the antimicrobial effects was studied, too. In this work, paints were tested by three different methods. As the test microorganisms were used S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. Using the first method, tested paints were not irradiated with UV light at all. Using the second method, paints were irradiated 30 minutes before applying the bacterial suspension. Using the third method, tested paints were irradiated simultaneously with bacterial suspensions. After cultivation of removed samples, CFU numbers were determined. By processing the values was found that the paints tested using the third method had the best effect. Thus the influence of UV radiation on the antimicrobial properties of the examined paints was proved. Results also showed that the most effective paint contained 7.9% ZnO. Testing demonstrated the greatest sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. The paints had the smallest antimicrobial effect on C. albicans.
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Kroupová, Jana. "Vliv inhibice proteazomu na antiproliferační účinek antracyklinových antibiotik." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-345260.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Jana Kroupová Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Jirkovská, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of the proteasome inhibition of the antiproliferative effect of anthracycline antibiotics Anthracycline antibiotics (daunorubicin, doxorubicin) belong to the most effective antitumor drugs. In current clinical practice they are used mostly in the combinations with either "classical" or new targeted antitumor drugs. The proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and carfilzomib) are also viewed as a part of new "targeted" antitumor drugs. The proteasome is a multienzyme complex in eukaryotic cells which is responsible for intracellular degradation of proteins. The proteasome inhibitors have been largely used in the therapy of multiple myeloma, but their potential has been also studied in the case of other malignancies. Their use in the combination with anthracyclines could be a possible alternative in the therapy of some tumor illnesses, but the effect of combination of anthracyclines and proteasome inhibitors on tumor cells have not been sufficiently explained. The anthracycline therapy is also accompanied by serious adverse side effect - the cardiotoxicity, which potential could be influenced by the...
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Zárybnický, Tomáš. "Účinek seskviterpenů na biotransformační enzymy v tkáňových řezech." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347662.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Tomáš Zárybnický Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of sesquiterpenes on biotransformation enzymes in tissue slices Sesquiterpenes are secondary metabolites, produced mainly by higher plants. They are structurally diverse compounds with a large spectrum of biological activity. They possess antiphlogistic, antibacterial, antimalarial and antitumour activity. The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out how selected sesquiterpenes - α-humulene (HUM) and β-caryophyllene (BC) influence the activity of chosen biotransformation enzymes - NAD(P)H-chinon oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and sulfotransferase (SULT). Precision-cut tissue slices from the rat liver (Rattus norvegicus, tribe Wistar) were chosen as model system. Thickness of the slices was approximately 200-250 µm and diameter 8 mm. Liver slices were preincubated for 30 minutes and then incubated for 24 hours (in presence of HUM and BC) in a 12-well plate in the atmosphere of pneumoxide (95% O2/5% CO2). Samples of liver slices and medium were taken upon replacing the medium after preincubation (time 0 hours) and then after 3, 6 and 24 hours. Both sesquiterpenes, HUM...
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Vinšová, Jarmila. "Vliv míčkové facilitace na účinek cvičení po porodu." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-290759.
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Title of work: The Influence of a Small Ball Facilitation on the Effect ofExercise after the Childbirth Aims: To verify whether the aplication of a pelvic small ball facilitation after the childbirth has any influence on the correction of abdominal muscles diastasis and correction of pelvic floor disorders. Methods: It is a qualitative research in which the method of combinated experiment (extragroup and intragroup) was used. Ten participants took part in the research and were dividend by a lot into two groups A and B. The group A did the prescribed configuration of exercises during the period of the puerperium while the group B did the same exercises besides made the pelvic small ball facilitation. The own evaluation was based on differences between input and output kinesiology analysis. The results were processed in Microsoft Office Excel XP. Results: The frrst hypothesis was confirmed. The small ball facilitation supported the effectiveness of exercise. It was discovered that there was a complete correction of abdominal muscles diastasis in more cases in group B than in group A. The second hypothesis was also confrrmed. The correction of urinal incontinence was made in a shorter period of time in group B than in group A. The results of the research cannot be accepted as generally valid because...
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Lišková, Markéta. "Účinek apoptotické molekuly TRAIL na osteoartrotické synoviální fibroblasty." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374119.
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Jelínek, Jiří. "Účinek hnojení na obsah vybraných forem draslíku v půdě." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250591.
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The thesis deals with the impact of intensified fertilizing with the potassium fertilizer on the content of watersoluble potassium, exchangeable potassium, available potassium and the reserve of mobile potassium in the soil. The thesis is based on the long stationary experiments founded by the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. The analysed soil came from experimental localities: the sugar beet growing region (Uherský Ostroh, Věrovany, Žatec) and the potato processing region (Chrastava, Staňkov, Svitavy, Horažďovice, Lípa). Five options of fertilization were included with a different dosage (intensity) of potassium in kg.ha-1 depending on the region (potato and sugar beet growing): 1. A checking option without fertilization (0;0), 2. farmyard manure (35; 35), 3. farmyard manure + N2P2K0 (35; 35), 4. farmyard manure + N2P2K1 (104; 96) 5. farmyard manure + N2P2K2 (143, 132), 6. farmyard manure + N2P2K3 (193, 178). Watersoluble potassium was statistically provable influenced by the increasing of dosage of fertilization. The content of watersoluble potassium is within the producing region very varied. It was the soil type who was the most influential on the variability of the watersoluble potassium (35,3 %). The content of watersoluble K was due to the application of potassium increasing the most in the heavy soil. The content of available potassium increased after the application of 1 kg K by 0,6289 mg.kg-1. The variant of fertilization participated on the overall variability of the content of available potassium by 32,48 %. In the potato-growing region was the amount of potassium lower than in sugar beet region by 89,5 mg.kg-1 of soil. The lowest figures were found in cambisol. The group of the type of soil influenced significantly the amount of observed form of K. The reserve of mobile potassium wasn't significantly influenced by fertilization. The soil type had a significant impact on the reserve of mobile potassium. The dosages of different intensity of potassium had a significant impact on the increase of the reserve of mobile potassium in heavy soil.
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Novotný, Michal. "Akceleranty transdermální permeace: Studie vlivu struktury na akcelerační účinek." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-299743.
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Permeation enhancers are compounds that promote drug flux into systemic circulation or adjacent tissues. This doctoral thesis follows our previous results and aims at studying two different groups of potential permeation enhancers: dicarboxylic acid derivatives and analogues of Transkarbam 12. The main purpose of my work was to study the structure- activity relationships in these permeation enhancers and to contribute to the elucidatation of their mechanism of action. The first part of my work was focused on derivatives of dicarboxylic acids. Series of enhancers based on maleic, fumaric, succinic, tartaric and meso-tartaric acids were prepared. The enhancing activity of these compounds was investigated in vitro in Franz diffusion cells using theophylline as a model drug and porcine skin. The single-chain amphiphiles were markedly more effective than the double-chain ones. The most active enhancer, monododecyl maleate, that is a cis- derivative, was a more potent enhancer than its respective trans- isomer. Furthermore, the activity of similar succinates, i.e. compounds having a single bond, strongly depended on the donor vehicle. No difference between diastereoisomeric tartaric and meso-tartaric acid derivatives was found. The second part of my work dealt with Transkarbam 12, an ammonium carbamate...
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Vítovcová, Barbora. "Vliv flubendazolu na účinek paklitaxelu v prsních nádorových buňkách." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382777.
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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Barbora Vítovcová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of flubendazole on the efficacy of paclitaxel in breast cancer cells Flubendazole (FLU) is a common anthelmintic drug for veterinary and human use. Its molecular mechanism of action is based on binding to β-tubulin subunit of microtubules. FLU was previously identified to have antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of FLU on antiproliferative efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) in breast cancer cells. For this study, three breast cancer cell lines were used - non-metastatic line MCF-7 and two metastatic cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and BT-474. The effects of FLU, PTX and FLU + PTX combination on viability of the cells (determined using WST-1 analysis) and on the expression of molecules involved in cell adhesion, migration and proliferation on mRNA (RT-PCR analysis) and protein levels (western blotting) were studied and compared. The activity of caspases after PTX and FLU treatment was evaluated using luminescence measurement. FLU has significant antiproliferative effect in all tested cell lines. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 have been shown as the most sensitive to PTX and FLU treatment....
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Zúbeková, Lucia. "Nepřímý účinek rámcových rozhodnutí (případ C-105/03 Pupino)." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295761.
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Vávrová, Hana. "Účinek nových peptidů vážících taxol na proliferaci nádorových buněk." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310835.
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Charles University in Prague Faculcy of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical science Candidate: Hana Vávrová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of new-binding peptides on proliferation of cancer cells Paclitaxel (PTX), alkaloid from the bark of Taxus brevifolia, is used in treatment of ovary, breast and some form of lungs cancer. In Institute of experimental botany in Prague were preparated new conjugates with peptide agonist of receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormon (GnRH). The previous studies showed that this conjugate have higher or same antiproliferative effect. This antiproliferative effect was compared with PTX on the cell line from breast cancer which have receptors for GnRH. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-proliferativ effect of PTX and its conjugates. For the experiment was chosen to two cell systemes - HCT 8, which is derivate from colorectal adenocarcinoma and primary culture from liver cell from sewer-rat. Both cell lines have not receptors for GnRH. The results were evaluated by three different methods (MTT, NRU and x-Celligence). The conjugates MP 264, MP 211 and MP 260 showed lower antiproliferative effect on the cell line HCT 8 and the conjugate MP 264 and MP 265 showed lower cytotoxic effect than PTX...
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Ambrož, Martin. "Cytostatický účinek nových derivátů paclitaxelu ve vybraných nádorových liniích." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322694.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Martin Ambrož Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Cytostatic effect of new paclitaxel derivatives in selected cancer lines Paclitaxel (PTX) is antiproliferative drug used for therapy of some types breast, lung and ovarian cancer. It stabilizes microtubules and as a result, cause inhibition of the normal cell division. Unfortunately it makes no difference between normal and malignant cells and affect all proliferating cells. To increase selectivity of effect of PTX on cancer cells, conjugates of PTX with gonadotropin-hormon (Gn-RH) were prepared in Institute of experimental botany of Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. The aim of our study was to compare effect of PTX conjugates and PTX alone on cell viability and proliferation of cell lines MDA-MB-231 and CaCo2. Cell line MDA-MB-231 is human breast adenocarcinoma line which express receptors for GnRH. CaCo-2 cell line is derived from epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells which don`t express receptors for Gn- RH. Antiproliferative effect of tested substances was monitorated by two different tests of cell viability and real-time cell analysis by system x-CELLigence. For appointment of cytotoxic...
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Štohanslová, Barbora. "Antiproliferativní účinek extraktů z Myrica rubra v nádorových liniích." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337336.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Barbora Štohanslová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiproliferative effect of Myrica rubra extracts in cancer cell lines Myrica rubra is a woody herb planted in south-eastern Asia, especially in China. Berries, leaves and bark of Myrica rubra plant have been used in Chinese folk medicine for hundreds of years. Recent studies established significant biological effect of Myrica rubra extracts in some of the cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to test anticancer activity of essential oil from Myrica rubra leaves (MO) to gastrointestinal cell lines (CACO-2 and HCT-8) and study mechanisms of MO effect (production of free radicals and apoptosis activation). Other goal was to compare antiproliferative effect of essential oil's fraction and α-humulene a β-caryophyllene, two most common components found in MO. Proliferation were evaluated by three different methods (NRU, MTT, x-Celligence), quantification of oxidative stress was researched using DCF. Apoptotic marker expression was examined by western blot. Results showed Myrica rubra oil inhibited the proliferation of investigated cell lines; CACO-2 seems to be more sensitive. From acquired...
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Sklenářová, Petra. "Účinek surfaktinu na lipidovou složku cytoplazmatické membrány Bacillus subtilis." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337596.
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Surfactin, a secondary metabolite produced by Bacillus subtilis, is a surface active compound and antibiotic permeabilizing membrane bilayer. The aim of this study was to reveal the self-resistance strategy at the level of the lipid moiety of cytoplasmic membrane, which B. subtilis employs to combat surfactin in concentrations that are lethal for other bacterial species. Non-producing strain B. subtilis 168 was cultivated in the presence of two different sublethal concentrations of surfactin (350 a 650 µg/ml), which was isolated from the culture broth of B. subtilis ATCC 21332. Presence of surfactin in the medium resulted in a concentration dependent lag phase, which took 40 min (350 µg/ml) and 3 h (650 µg/ml), respectively. Afterwards, the culture grew with the altered doubling time of 44 min (350 µg/ml) and 126 min (650 µg/ml), respectively. Surfactin induced substantial changes in the phospholipid composition of the cytoplasmic membrane. The proportion of the major phospholipid component phosphatidylglycerol decreased and inversely, the level of phosphatidylethanolamine increased. Interestingly, the content of phosphatidic acid rose considerably in the presence of surfactin concentration causing stimulation of B. subtilis growth (350 µg/ml). Liposome leakage assay using phospholipids mimicking...
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Mazurková, Veronika. "Karbonylace lidského sérového albuminu glykačními činidly: účinek karbonylreduktasy 1." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351483.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Veronika Mazurková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Carbonylation of human serum albumin by glycation agents: effect of carbonyl reductase 1 This diploma thesis is concerned with a formation of carbonyl groups in the molecules of human serum albumin (HSA) as a result of selected glycation agents activity and the ability of enzyme carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) to influence this process. Initial experiments were devoted to find optimal conditions for quantification of carbonyl groups in the model of HSA glycated in vitro by fructose and methylglyoxal using spectrophotometric assays and the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with subsequent immunoblotting. The glycation of HSA was monitored also by the measurement of fluorescent AGE products. Then the effect of CBR1 on the formation of carbonyl groups in the samples of HSA glycated with reactive carbonyl compounds fructose, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and glyceraldehyde was studied. Spectrophotometric assays, SDS-PAGE with immunoblotting and enzyme immunoassay ELISA were employed. CBR1 was not able to remove already formed carbonyl groups under given conditions. Also the...
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Čermáková, Lucie. "Vliv akalabrutinibu a ibrutinibu na účinek daunorubicinu v nádorových buňkách." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435579.
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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Lucie Čermáková Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Novotná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of acalabrutinib and ibrutinib on the efficacy of daunorubicin in cancer cells Leukemia presents malignant diseases of hematopoiesis, which essence is the malignant transformation of a hematopoietic stem cell at various levels of maturation and increased proliferative activity. Chemotherapy is the gold standard in the treatment of leukemia. One of the many treatments is the use of anthracycline chemotherapeutics, especially daunorubicin (DAU). Anthracyclines are widely used in clinical practice but have high cardiotoxic effects that limit their dosage. One of the main causes of side effects is the reduction of an anthracycline chemotherapeutic to the appropriate toxic metabolite, which accumulates in the heart. Carbonyl, reducing enzymes from the superfamily aldo-ketoreductase (AKR), and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) are involved in this reduction. At the same time, carbonyl reducing enzymes, has been shown to be involved in the mechanisms that cause tumor cells to be resistant to anthracyclines, thereby reducing the inhibition of the growth of these cells. In the diploma thesis we found that...
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Přibylová, Olga. "Prognostické a prediktivní faktory u karcinomu prsu - diagnostika a účinek." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-294612.
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Tomanová, Michaela. "Účinek 1-MCP na prodloužení skladovatelnost plodů broskví a švestek." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250073.
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The aim of the thesis on the Effect of 1-MCP on the extension of the shelf-life of peach and plum fruits was to determine the effect of 1-MCP on the peach fruits of the 'Redhaven' variety and plum fruits of the 'TOP' variety. The practical part consisted of harvesting the fruits of harvest maturity, an analysis of quality parameters (weight, firmness, sensory evaluation, titratable acid, soluble solids, ethylene production, respiration), 1-MCP treatment and storage at 2 °C and 20°C. After 7 and 14 days (10 days in the case of peaches stored at 20 °C) the quality parameters of all fruits were determined. Using the measured values, the effect of 1-MCP on various parameters influencing the prolongation of life was considered for treated and control fruits. The theoretical part dealt with different fruit species and varieties, material components important for fruit ripening, ethylene, 1-MCP and storage of fruit.
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Hloch, Marek. "Inhibiční účinek přírodních látek rostlinného původu na technologicky významné mikroorganismy." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-427655.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis is focused on microorganisms, which form microbiota of milk, including pathogenic microorganisms and possible natural substances which inhibit undesirable microbiota. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes microbiology of raw milk and contaminating microbiota. Furthermore, the work deals with the microbiology of heat-treated milk, where the methods of heat treatment are described and milk bacterial cultures, which are used in the production of dairy products. The last part describes the pathogenic microbiota of milk causing foodborne diseases and possible measures to combat undesirable microorganisms. In the practical part, the inhibitory effect of substances of plant origin on selected microorganisms were tested. In the first part of the experiment, the inhibitory effect of essential oils against five different microorganisms were studied and the second part was focused on the inhibitory effect of ethanol plant extracts against two microorganisms.