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1
Willson, William, Robert J. Parsons, and Chris Funk. "UCHP." Health Marketing Quarterly 13, no. 1 (February 13, 1996): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j026v13n01_02.
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Mishima, Katsuaki, Yoshihide Mori, Toshio Sugahara, and Masayoshi Sakuda. "Comparison between the Palatal Configurations in Complete and Incomplete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Infants under 18 Months of Age." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38, no. 1 (January 2001): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2001_038_0049_cbtpci_2.0.co_2.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the three-dimensional characteristics of the palatal configurations in incomplete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and to determine whether there are differences in the effect of early orthopedic treatment between complete and incomplete UCLP patients. Design Eight infants with incomplete UCLP and 12 infants with complete UCLP, selected at random, wore Hotz plates, and 8 other infants with complete UCLP did not. Palatal impressions were taken of these patients immediately after birth and at 1, 2, 3, 4 (just before cheiloplasty), 6, and 18 months of age (just before palatoplasty). Using our measuring system, the palatal casts were measured and compared three-dimensionally. Results and Conclusions The palate of the incomplete UCLP patients measured immediately after birth, compared with complete UCLP, showed: (1) smaller posterior arch width; (2) sagittal arch length did not differ; (3) incisal point was located more mesially; (4) the gap between the alveolar arch forms of the major and minor segments was smaller; and (5) the curvature of the palatal surface forward the nasal cavity in the minor segment was less. At 18 months of age, the following characteristics could be observed: (1) the difference observed at birth in the posterior arch width between the incomplete and complete UCLP infants vanished; (2) a significant difference in the location of the incisal point was observed only between the incomplete UCLP infants and the complete UCLP infants with a Hotz plate; and (3) the curvature was less in the incomplete UCLP infants than in the complete UCLP infants. Furthermore, the morphological change of the palatal surface was less in the incomplete UCLP infants than in the complete UCLP infants. This suggested that any influence of the Hotz appliance might be less in incomplete UCLP than in complete UCLP.
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Yamanishi, T., C. Kobayashi, I. Tsujimoto, H. Koizumi, S. Miya, Y. Yokota, R. Okamoto, et al. "An Uncommon Cleft Subtype of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 2 (February 2008): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700212.
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The finding that the vomer plays a crucial role in maxillary growth suggests that the bilateral cleft configuration of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), in which the vomer is detached from the non-cleft-side secondary hard palate, negatively influences palatal development, and this hypothesis was tested. Sixty persons with complete UCLP, including those with the vomer detached from (n = 30, b-UCLP) and attached to (n = 30, u-UCLP) the secondary hard palate, were analyzed morphologically, with the use of cast models taken at 10 days, 3 mos, and 12 mos of age. The anterio-posterior palatal length at 12 mos of age in those with b-UCLP was significantly shorter than that in those with u-UCLP, by 8.7% (p < 0.05). In addition, palatal width development in the first year in those with b-UCLP was also significantly retarded. These results suggest that the uncommon bilateral cleft subtype in UCLP should be included in the cleft classification.
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Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam, Freire Lima Thiago, Dominguez Campos Letícia, Faria Yaedú Renato Yassutaka, Filho Hugo Nary, and Kiemle Trindade Inge Elly. "Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 5 (September 2017): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-124.
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Objective The objective of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with complete nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone beam computed tomography. Design This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Setting The study took place at the Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil. Patients and Participants The control group (CON) consisted of 23 noncleft adults with class III malocclusion, and the cleft group (UCLP) consisted of 22 individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion. Two subgroups of individuals with class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion with (UCLP'; n = 19) and without (CON'; n = 8) clefts were also assessed. Interventions Pharyngeal volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (CSA), location of CSA, pharyngeal length, sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA), sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB), and A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB), and body mass index were assessed using Dolphin software. Main Outcome Measure The pharyngeal dimensions of UCLP individuals are smaller when compared with controls. Results Mean pharyngeal volume (standard deviation) for the UCLP patients (20.8 [3.9] cm3) and the UCLP’ patients (20.3 [3.9] cm3) were significantly decreased when compared with the CON (28.2 [10.0] cm3) and CON’ patients (29.1 [10.2] cm3), respectively. No differences were found in the pharyngeal minimal CSA, ANB, or pharyngeal length values between groups (CON versus UCLP and CON’ versus UCLP'). CSAs were located mostly at the oropharynx, except in the UCLP’ patients, which were mainly at the hypopharynx. Mean SNA in the UCLP (76.4° [4.6°]) and UCLP’ groups (75.1 [3.1°]) were significantly smaller than those in the CON (82.8° [4.1°]) and CON’ groups (78.6° [1.2°]). SNB values were statistically smaller only for the comparison of CON versus UCLP patients. Conclusion The pharynx of individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion is volumetrically smaller than that of individuals with class III malocclusion and no clefts.
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Aoshima, Osamu, Yoshinori Satoh, Ryuichi Imamura, and Toshiaki Yamashita. "A Study of Patients with Angle Class I Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP) Using Lateral Roentgenographic Cephalograms. A Comparison between Anterior Cross-Bite UCLP Patients and Anterior Cross-Bite Non-UCLP, Normal Bite UCLP or Normal Bite Non-UCLP Patients." Journal of Nihon University School of Dentistry 38, no. 2 (1996): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd1959.38.67.
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Grasa, Eduard, Sergi Figuerola, Albert López, Gabriel Junyent, Michel Savoie, Bill St Arnaud, and Mathieu Lemay. "Articulated private networks in UCLP." Internet Research 17, no. 5 (October 23, 2007): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240710830226.
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Motohashi, Nobuyoshi, Takayuki Kuroda, Leopoldino Capelozza Filho, and José Alberto De Souza Freitas. "P-A Cephalometric Analysis of Nonoperated Adult Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 31, no. 3 (May 1994): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1994_031_0193_pacaon_2.3.co_2.
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P-A cephalometric analysis was performed on the craniofacial morphology in 88 Brazilian men with nonoperated and operated cleft lip and palate. For the comparative study, these subjects were divided into the following four groups: (1) 31 nonoperated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), (2) 24 nonoperated bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), (3) 16 operated UCLP, (4) 17 operated BCLP. Thirty Brazilian men without cleft lip and palate were used as control subjects. In comparison with the control subjects, nonoperated BCLP and UCLP showed remarkable facial deformity characterized by Increased width of various facial parts. Facial morphology of surgically treated BCLP and UCLP, however, was very similar to that of noncleft subjects, apart from the Immediate cleft region. There was no remarkable difference in the facial morphology between nonoperated BCLP and UCLP, except for the cleft width and the deviation of nasal septum base, while the only significant difference between operated BCLP and UCLP was in the cleft width.
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Bednar, Katy A., David S. Briss, Mohamed S. Bamashmous, Barry H. Grayson, and Pradip R. Shetye. "Palatal and Alveolar Tissue Deficiency in Infants With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617718545.
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Objective: To investigate intrinsic palatal and alveolar tissue deficiency in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) as compared to age-matched individuals without UCLP using surface area measurements on 3D scans of plaster casts. Methods: 22 maxillary casts of infants with UCLP from the Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery of NYU Langone Medical Center and 37 maxillary casts from infants without clefts from Sillman’s longitudinal study were scanned by Ortho Insight 3D by Motion View Software, LLC (Chattanooga, TN) and measured using Checkpoint software (Stratovan, Davis, CA). The palatal and alveolar surface areas of each cast were measured. The most superior point of the alveolar ridge in front of the incisive papilla and the most superior point of each maxillary tuberosity were connected by a line that ran along the highest part of the alveolar ridge. This line was used to set boundaries for the palatal surface area measurements. The surface areas of greater and lesser segments were measured independently on UCLP casts. A total palatal surface area for the UCLP sample including width of the cleft gap was also measured. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in surface area ( P > .001) when we compared the UCLP area of the cleft segments alone with the non-cleft sample. There was a positive correlation (determine the statistical significance) between the surface area of the cleft segments and cleft gap. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between UCLP plus cleft area and the non-cleft samples in surface area ( P < .0001). Conclusion: An intrinsic palatal and alveolar tissue deficiency exists in patients born with UCLP. The amount of tissue deficiency for a patient with UCLP should be considered when developing and executing a patient-specific treatment plan.
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Batwa, Waeil, Khalid Almoammar, Aziza Aljohar, Abdullah Alhussein, Saad Almujel, and Khalid H. Zawawi. "The Difference in Cervical Vertebral Skeletal Maturation between Cleft Lip/Palate and Non-Cleft Lip/Palate Orthodontic Patients." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5405376.
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Objective. The aim was to evaluate differences in the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and non-cleft lip/palate (non-CLP) Saudi male orthodontic patients. Method. This cross-sectional multicenter study took place at the dental school, King Saud University and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between October 2014 and September 2015. The records of Saudi male orthodontic patients with UCLP n=69 were collected. Cervical vertebral maturation was assessed using their cephalometric radiographs. The records of 138 age-matched non-CLP Saudi male orthodontic patients served as controls. Results. There was a significant difference in skeletal maturity between the UCLP and non-CLP groups, as evident in the delayed skeletal development among the UCLP participants. Moreover, pubertal growth spurt onset was significantly earlier in the non-cleft participants in comparison with the UCLP participants p=0.009. Conclusions. There is delayed skeletal maturity among the UCLP Saudi male population in comparison with their non-CLP age-matched peers.
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Kyrkanides, Stephanos, and Liubov Richter. "Mandibular Asymmetry and Antigonial Notching in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 39, no. 1 (January 2002): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0030_maaani_2.0.co_2.
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Objective To determine whether asymmetric antigonial notching is associated with the development of mandibular and lower facial asymmetry in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design Retrospective mixed-longitudinal investigation including UCLP and nonaffected orthodontic patients. Participants All (24) available patients with UCLP treated in our clinic with complete longitudinal records, and 72 skeletal maturation matched noncleft orthodontic patients that served as controls. Subject records included hand-wrist, panoramic, frontal, and 45° oblique cephalometric radiographs. Main outcome Measures The development of mandibular asymmetry, measured on oblique cephalometric radiographs, as well as lower facial asymmetry, measured on frontal cephalometric radiographs, was monitored in individuals with UCLP in relation to antigonial notching asymmetry, assessed on panoramic and oblique cephalometric radiographs. Results First, no statistical differences were found in antigonial notching asymmetry between patients with UCLP and noncleft controls. Second, antigonial notching asymmetry, observed on panoramic and oblique cephalometric radiographs, significantly correlated with the attendant development of mandibular and lower facial asymmetry in individuals with UCLP. Third, the development of mandibular and lower facial asymmetry at pubertal and post-pubertal growth spurt stages significantly correlated with antigonial notching asymmetry, measured on panoramic radiographs, at prepubertal and pubertal growth spurt stages, respectively. Conclusions The degree of antigonial notching noted on panoramic radiographs can be used as an early indicator of developing mandibular and lower facial asymmetry in individuals with UCLP.
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Suzuki, Akira, Mieko Watanabe, Masayuki Nakano, and Yasuhide Takahama. "Maxillary Lateral Incisors of Subjects with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Part 2." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 29, no. 4 (July 1992): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0380_mliosw_2.3.co_2.
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Maxillary lateral incisors on the alveolar cleft were investigated in 431 cleft children registered in the Department of Orthodontics, Kyushu University Dental Hospital. The majority of primary maxillary lateral incisors were located on the distal side of the alveolar cleft in both unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) subjects. Permanent teeth in UCLA tend to be located distally, but in UCLP they tend to be congenially absent (p < .01). The majority of primary teeth had normal shapes; the majority of permanent teeth were of intermediate type or were missing congenially. One third of the UCLA and one half of the UCLP subjects who had primary maxillary lateral incisors were not followed by permanent replacements. The location of the majority of permanent maxillary lateral incisors tallied with that of the primary ones except in four UCLA, ten UCLP, and two bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) subjects. Four UCLA and ten UCLP subjects who had primary lateral incisors on the distal side were followed by their permanent successors on the mesial side. Three UCLP and one BCLP subjects had permanent maxillary lateral incisors even though they had no temporary predecessors.
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Laspos, Christodoulos P., Stephanos Kyrkanides, Ross H. Tallents, Mark E. Moss, and J. Daniel Subtelny. "Mandibular Asymmetry in Noncleft and Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 34, no. 5 (September 1997): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0410_mainau_2.3.co_2.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate mandibular asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals (UCLP) in relation to chronologic age and in relation to lower facial asymmetry. Design: The longitudinal records of 34 UCLP individuals and 142 controls treated in the Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, NY, were included in the study. Posteroanterior and oblique cephalometric radiographs were analyzed for lower facial asymmetry and mandibular asymmetry, respectively. Mandibular asymmetry in UCLP was analyzed relative to three age groups (6–10, 11–14, and 15 or greater) and compared to controls. Moreover, mandibular asymmetry was analyzed relative to lower facial asymmetry. Results: UCLP individuals showed no significant differences in mandibular asymmetry compared to controls. In addition, no significant correlation was found between mandibular asymmetry and lower facial asymmetry in UCLP. Conclusions: The degree of mandibular asymmetry in UCLP appears not to be the major contributing factor to the lower facial asymmetry noted on these individuals. Possible cranial-base/temporal-region anomalies may be involved in unilateral cleft lip and palate and be responsible of the asymmetry noted in the lower facial skeleton.
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Akarsu-Guven, Bengisu, Jale Karakaya, Figen Ozgur, and Muge Aksu. "Upper airway features of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients in different growth stages." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 4 (January 29, 2019): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022518-155.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare growth-related changes of skeletal and upper airway features of unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (UCLP) with non-cleft control (NCC) subjects by using lateral cephalograms. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 238 subjects, collected cross-sectionally, divided into 2 groups: 94 with UCLP, and 144 NCC, subdivided into 4 groups according to their growth stages by using cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS). The subgroups were defined as early childhood (stage 1), prepubertal (stage 2: CVMS I and II), pubertal (stage 3: CVMS III and IV), and postpubertal (stage 4: CVMS V and VI). Results: The maxilla was more retrognathic at stages 2, 3, and 4 in females with UCLP. The mandible was more retrognathic in UCLP at stage 1 in males, and stages 2 and 3 in females. ANB (angle between NA plane and NB plane) was significantly smaller in UCLP subjects at stage 4 for both sexes. A vertical growth pattern was seen in UCLP subjects except males at stages 2 and 3, and females at stage 2. Posterior airway space was significantly narrower at all stages in males and after stage 1 in females. Middle airway space was significantly wider at all stages in females and after stage 1 in males. Epiglottic airway space was significantly narrower in males at stage 3. Conclusions: Age- and sex-dependent differences in skeletal morphology and upper-airway widths of the UCLP subjects were identified when compared with controls.
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Suzuki, Akira, Yo Mukai, Masamichi Ohishi, Yasuko Miyanoshita, and Hideo Tashiro. "Relationship between Cleft Severity and Dentocraniofacial Morphology in Japanese Subjects with Isolated Cleft Palate and Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 30, no. 2 (March 1993): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1993_030_0175_rbcsad_2.3.co_2.
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Relationships between the width of the palatal cleft measured at paIatopIasty and the craniofacial morphology or the occlusal conditions present at approximately 4 years of age were studied in 25 cleft palate (CP) and 39 complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) subjects treated at the Dental Clinic of Kyushu University. Posteroanterior cephalograms and dental casts showed that the width of the palatal cleft was significantly correlated with wider upper facial width and posterior dental arch width in UCLP, but not in CP subjects. Cleft width was not significantly correlated with the buccolingual occlusal relationship in either subject type. The anterior occlusal relationship in UCLP was not as good as in CP subjects. On lateral cephalograms, the width of the palatal cleft was significantly correlated with vertical hypoplasia of the upper face in UCLP, but not in CP subjects. The cleft palate width appears to be related to the lateral displacement and the retardation of the downward and forward growth of the nasomaxillary complex in UCLP subjects.
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Hocevar-Boltezar, I., A. Jarc, and V. Kozelj. "Ear, nose and voice problems in children with orofacial clefts." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 4 (February 17, 2006): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106000454.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of ear, nose and particularly voice problems in groups of children with cleft palate (CP) and with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLP). On the basis of history, regular otorhinolaryngological examinations and hearing tests, the prevalence of different pathologies was assessed in 80 CP children (35 boys and 45 girls) and 73 UCLP children (47 boys and 26 girls). Ear pathology was reported in 53.8 per cent of CP children and in 58.9 per cent of UCLP children. Nasal breathing was impaired in 14 CP (17.5 per cent) and 36 UCLP (49.3 per cent) children. Dysphonia was detected in 12.5 per cent of CP and 12.3 per cent of UCLP children. In 9.2 per cent of all cleft children, functional voice disorder caused a hoarse voice. Two-thirds of cleft children with functional dysphonia had protracted hearing loss. Therefore, ENT specialists must take an active role early in the treatment of children with clefts.
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Leonard, Alan G., Brian Kneafsey, Stephen Mckenna, Chris D. Johnston, Donald J. Burden, and Mike Stevenson. "A Retrospective Comparison of Craniofacial Form in Northern Irish Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 35, no. 5 (September 1998): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0402_arcocf_2.3.co_2.
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Objective This study evaluated the craniofacial form of a sample of Northern Irish children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The quality of the outcomes achieved was compared with the outcomes reported for the six centers involved in the European multicenter study (Mars et al., 1992; Mølsted et al, 1992). Design Retrospective analysis. Patients All children born with complete skeletal UCLP in Northern Ireland during the years 1983 to 1987. Main outcome Measures Cephalometric analysis was used to determine the craniofacial form and soft tissue profile. The quality of the dental arch relationships was independently assessed using the Goslon ranking system. Results The sample comprised 25 children with complete skeletal UCLP who had cephalometric radiographs and study casts recorded at a mean age of 9.4 years (range, 8 to 11 years). Cephalometric analysis revealed no important skeletal differences between the Northern Irish UCLP children and the published results from the six Eurocleft centers. The soft tissue profile of the Northern Irish UCLP children was significantly more convex than the soft tissue profile recorded for center D in the Eurocleft study. The Goslon ranking system revealed that 18 (72%) of the Northern Irish UCLP children had good or satisfactory dental arch relationships. Conclusions No clinically important differences were detected between the mean cephalometric skeletal parameters of the Northern Irish UCLP children and those published for the six cleft centers involved in the Eurocleft study. On average, the Northern Irish UCLP children were found to differ significantly from Eurocleft's center D in their soft tissue facial contour and sagittal lip profile. The quality of the dental arch relationships of the Northern Irish sample was between the best and the less good Eurocleft centers.
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Kyrkanides, Stephanos, Ron Bellohusen, and J. Daniel Subtelny. "Asymmetries of the Upper Lip and Nose in Noncleft and Postsurgical Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 33, no. 4 (July 1996): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0306_aotula_2.3.co_2.
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The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate post-surgical asymmetries of the upper lip and nose in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals using documentation collected over a period of years. Twenty-three complete unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (UCLP) and 34 noncleft subjects who served as controls and had undergone orthodontic treatment were Included in the study. Nasal asymmetry, deviation of the tip of the nose, and the deviation of the midpoint of the vermilion border of the upper lip were compared to chronologic age and skeletal maturation in cleft subjects and controls. Comparison between cleft and control cases was also assessed. Results indicate that nasal asymmetry peaks at postpubertal growth stages in the control groups, and the difference between UCLP and controls decreases with time and maturation. The deviation of the nasal tip peaks during the pubertal growth spurt for both UCLP and controls, and the difference between UCLP and controls also decreases with time. The deviation of the midpoint of the vermilion border shows relatively small change with time and maturation, and there is no significant difference between UCLP and controls. In general, the facial asymmetries studied were not as great as expected, and the difference between UCLP and controls decreased with time, growth, and maturation.
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Ufuk Toygar, T., M. Okan Akçam, and Ayça Arman. "A Cephalometric Evaluation of Lower Lip in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 41, no. 5 (September 2004): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/03-115.1.
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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate cephalometrically the lower lip position and area of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) comparatively with Class I skeletodental normal subjects. Patients Lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs obtained from 24 patients with UCLP (mean age 12.86 years), along with 20 normal individuals (mean age 12.33 years) used as a control group, were examined. Design In addition to standard cephalometric dentofacial variables, lower lip area (superior, middle, inferior) was also measured using a digital planimeter on the lateral cephalograms. Results The superior and middle part of the lower lip areas were significantly smaller (p < .05) in the UCLP group, compared to the control group. The inferior and total lower lip areas of patients with UCLP were found to be significantly smaller than controls. The labiomental angle was also smaller (38.79 degrees). Conclusions The results suggest that the lower lip of patients with UCLP is smaller, retruded, and curved, with a deep labiomental sulcus, compared with normal individuals during puberty. Therefore, practitioners should focus not only on the upper lip of patients with UCLP but also should consider the lower lip as it was found distinct from normal individuals during puberty.
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Celikoglu, M., SK Buyuk, AE Sekerci, K. Cantekin, and C. Candirli. "Maxillary Dental Anomalies in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 39, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.39.2.t623u7495h07522r.
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Objective: To compare the frequency of maxillary dental anomalies in patients affected by unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip with palate and to determine whether statistical differences were present or not between cleft and normal sides in UCLP group by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). In addition, the frequency of those dental anomalies was compared with previous studies presenting the same population without cleft Study Design: Fifty non-syndromic patients affected by UCLP (28 patients) and BCLP (22 patients) were selected for analysis of dental anomalies by means of CBCT. The frequency of maxillary dental anomalies including tooth agenesis, microdontia of lateral incisor, ectopic eruption and impaction of canine and supernumerary tooth were examined. Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed for statistical comparisons. Results: All patients affected by UCLP and BCLP were found to have at least one maxillary dental anomaly. The most frequently observed dental anomaly was tooth agenesis (92.5% and 86.4%, respectively) in UCLP and BCLP groups. Tooth agenesis and canine impaction were observed more commonly in the cleft side (75.0% and 35.7%, respectively) than in the normal side (57.1% and 14.3%, respectively) in UCLP group (p≯0.05). All dental anomalies were found to be higher in both cleft groups than in general populations not affected by cleft. Conclusion: Since patients affected by UCLP and BCLP had at least one dental anomaly and higher dental anomaly frequency as compared to patients without cleft, those patients should be examined carefully prior to orthodontic treatment.
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Spauwen, Paul H. M., Widanto Hardjowasito, Jan Boersma, and Benny S. Latief. "Dental Cast Study of Adult Patients with Untreated Unilateral Cleft Lip or Cleft Lip and Palate in Indonesia Compared with Surgically Treated Patients in the Netherlands." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 30, no. 3 (May 1993): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1993_030_0313_dcsoap_2.3.co_2.
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To determine differences in maxillary and dentoalveolar relationships between untreated and treated patients having unilateral clefts of the lip and alveolus (UCLA) or lip and palate (UCLP), dental cast assessments were done on 70 untreated adult indonesian patients (UCLA-I, UCLP-I) and 67 Dutch patients, surgically treated in infancy (UCLA-D, UCLP-D). The indonesian group consisted of 44 UCLA-I and 26 UCLP-I patients, and the Dutch group of 24 UCLA-D and 43 UCLP-D patients. In the UCLA-I patients, deformities occurred in that part of the dentoalveolar complex that surrounds the cleft. Lip repair in the UCLA-D group more frequently caused deformities in the incisor and buccal areas on the cleft side. In the UCLP-I patients, deformities were present in the incisor and cuspid areas on the cleft side. The buccal segments showed collapse both on the cleft and noncIeft sides. Lip and palate repair in the UCLP-D group caused significantly more deformities in the incisor, cuspid, and buccal areas up to the level of the first molars, both on the cleft and noncleft sides. Surgical treatment seems to cause maxillary and dentoalveolar deformities up to the first molars more frequently, but these are not as pronounced as one would expect: following the practiced surgical regimen, the deformities were usually mild. Negative effects of surgical intervention seem to be antagonized by the restored integrity of the lip and palate leading to orientation of maxillary parts and correction of tongue position, which in turn has a molding effect on the maxilla and mandible.
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Al-Fahdawi, Mahmood Abd, Marwa Abdelwahab El-Kassaby, Mary Medhat Farid, and Mona Abou El-Fotouh. "Cone Beam Computed Tomography Analysis of Oropharyngeal Airway in Preadolescent Nonsyndromic Bilateral and Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 6 (February 22, 2018): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-322.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the volume, area, and dimensions of the oropharyngeal airway (OPA) in a previously repaired nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) versus bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients when compared with noncleft controls using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Design: This was a retrospective case-control study. Setting: The Cleft Care Center and outpatient clinic that are affiliated to our faculty were the settings for the study. Participants: A total of 58 CBCT scans were selected of preadolescent individuals: 14 BCLP, 20 UCLP, and 24 age- and gender-matched noncleft controls. Variables: Variables were volume, cross-sectional area (CSA), midsagittal area (MSA), and dimensions of OPA. Statistical analysis: One-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used to compare variables. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05. Results: UCLP showed significantly smaller superior oropharyngeal airway volume than both controls and BCLP ( P ≤ .05). BCLP showed significantly larger CSA at soft palate plane and significantly larger MSA than both UCLP and controls ( P < .05). Conclusions: UCLP patients at the studied age and stage of previously repaired clefts have significantly less superior oropharyngeal airway volume than both controls and BCLP patients. This confirms that preadolescents with UCLP are at greater risk for superior oropharyngeal airway obstruction when compared with those BCLP and controls. Furthermore, BCLP patients showed significantly larger CSA at soft palate plane and MSA than both controls and UCLP patients. These variations in OPA characteristics of cleft patients can influence function in terms of respiration and vocalization.
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Jena, Ashok Kumar, Satinder Pal Singh, and Ashok Kumar Utreja. "Effects of sagittal maxillary growth hypoplasia severity on mandibular asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects." Angle Orthodontist 81, no. 5 (February 21, 2011): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/110610-646.1.
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Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that sagittal maxillary growth hypoplasia has no effect on mandibular asymmetry among subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: A total of 86 subjects (normal noncleft, 42; UCLP, 44) in the age range of 15 to 25 years were chosen. Normal noncleft subjects were included in Group I. Based on the severity of sagittal maxillary growth hypoplasia, subjects with UCLP were divided into two groups. Subjects with UCLP in whom the SNM angle was ≥71 degrees and the M-point to Nasion perpendicular distance was ≤−10 mm were included in Group II. Group III consisted of subjects with UCLP in whom the SNM angle was <71 degrees and the M-point to Nasion perpendicular distance was >−10 mm. The mandibular asymmetry index (condylar, ramal, and condylar+ramal), gonial angle, and depth of the antigonial notch of three groups of subjects were examined on orthopantomograms (OPGs). Results: Among Group II subjects in whom sagittal maxillary growth was near normal, ramal and condylar+ramal heights were significantly less on the cleft side than on the normal side (P < .01). Condylar, ramal, and condylar+ramal asymmetry indices were significantly greater among Group II subjects. Mandibular asymmetry indices among Group III subjects were comparable with those in Group I subjects. Conclusion: The hypothesis was rejected. The mandible was significantly asymmetrical among subjects with UCLP in whom sagittal maxillary growth was near normal, whereas the mandible was nearly symmetrical among subjects with UCLP in whom sagittal maxillary growth hypoplasia was very severe.
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Gopinath, Vellore Kannan, Ab Rani Samsudin, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor, and Hady Youssef Mohamed Sharab. "Facial profile and maxillary arch dimensions in unilateral cleft lip and palate children in the mixed dentition stage." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 01 (January 2017): 076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_238_16.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical and sagittal facial profile and maxillary arch width, depth, and length of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to compare them with healthy noncleft children in the mixed dentition stage (7–13 years). Materials and Methods: This study is conducted at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. UCLP group comprised 48 patients with nonsyndromic UCLP who have had the lip and palate repaired, whereas the control group comprised 48 healthy noncleft cases. The lateral cephalometrics measurements were used to determine the vertical height, sagittal depth of the face, and cranial base length and angle. Maxillary arch dimensions were measured on the study cast including arch width, depth, and length. Results: Vertical facial height and sagittal depth measurements showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the mean growth pattern in UCLP group. The anterior cranial base length (S-N) was shorter in UCLP children (P < 0.001), while Ba-N length had no significant difference (P = 0.639). Nasion-Sella Tursica-Basion angle was significantly higher in the UCLP group (P = 0.016). Dental arch width with reference to canine-to-canine and first premolar-to- first premolar distance was significantly larger in control (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Mean vertical and sagittal facial dimensions in the UCLP children who do not undergo orthodontic treatment are significantly lesser in all directions of growth than healthy noncleft children. The maxillary dental arch had a normal depth but constricted in width and arch length.
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Haque, Sanjida, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, and Mohd Fadhli Khamis. "Factors Responsible for Unfavorable Dental Arch Relationship in non Syndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Children." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.3.236.
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Objectives: Multiple factors are whispered to be crucial cause of unfavourable dental arch relationship in cleft lip and palate (CLP).This study aims to evaluate the dental arch relationship of Bangladeshi children with non syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) following cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. Also to explore the various congenital (UCLP type, UCLP side, family history of cleft, family history of class III) and environmental (cheiloplasty, palatoplasty) factors that affects dental arch relationship of UCLP patients. Study design: This was a retrospective study where 84 dental models were taken before orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone grafting. The mean age was 7.69± 2.46 (mean± SD). The dental arch relationship was assessed by GOSLON (Great Ormond Street, London and Oslo) Yardstick. According to GOSLON Yardstick, five categories are rated; named- 1: excellent; 2: good; 3: fair; 4: poor; 5: very poor. Also the groups have been dichotomized into favorable (category ratings 1–3) and unfavorable (category ratings 4 and 5) groups. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner agreements and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect dental arch relationship. Results: Total 37 subjects (44% of all subjects) were categorized into unfavourable group (category rating 4 and 5) using GOSLON yardstick. Intra- and inter-examiner agreements were very good. The mean GOSLON score was 3.238. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between family history of skeletal class III malocclusion (p = 0.015 and p = 0.014 respectively) and unfavourable dental arch relationship. Complete UCLP (p = 0.054) and left sided UCLP (p = 0.053) also seemed to be correlated but not significant with unfavourable dental arch relationship using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis respectively. Conclusion: This analysis suggested that family history of skeletal class III was significantly correlated with unfavourable dental arch relationship of Bangladeshi UCLP children.
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Laspos, Christodoulos P., Stephanos Kyrkanides, Ross H. Tallents, Mark E. Moss, and J. Daniel Subtelny. "Mandibular and Maxillary Asymmetry in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 34, no. 3 (May 1997): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0232_mamaii_2.3.co_2.
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Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the degree of maxillary and mandibular asymmetry in the verticle and transverse planes seen in posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs relative to chronologic age in postoperative complete UCLP patients compared to controls. Method Mandibular and nasomaxillary asymmetry was retrospectively studied in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and noncleft individuals (controls) by means of posteroanterior cephalometric analysis. All the UCLP patients available (total 40) and randomly selected noncleft controls (total 142) were Included in the study. The UCLP patients had undergone lip and palate reconstruction in Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, and orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, New York. The controls were selected based on the age that treatment was initiated and were treated in the department for various malocclusions; none had undergone maxillary expansion or surgical treatment. The asymmetry assessed on mixed longitudinal records of the patients with UCLP was analyzed relative to three chronologic age groups and compared to the controls. In addition, mandibular asymmetry was correlated to maxillary asymmetry in UCLP individuals to investigate possible growth patterns between the two jaws. Results Mandibular asymmetry in UCLP individuals was found to increase with growth and time and peaked at post-pubertal growth-spurt stages. The cleft subjects were more asymmetric than controls in all stages of growth. Mandibular asymmetry followed the affected maxilla closely, indicating a parallel growth pattern of the jaws. Conclusion The unilateral cleft lip and palate patients manifested asymmetry of the mandible. This asymmetry develops in a parallel pattern with the affected maxilla, suggesting that early evaluation and treatment of the anomalies in the nasomaxillary skeleton as well as in the mandible is necessary when treating unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals.
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Liao, Yu-Fang, and Michael Mars. "Long-Term Effects of Clefts on Craniofacial Morphology in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 6 (November 2005): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/04-163r.1.
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Objective To identify the long-term effects of clefts (intrinsic and functional) on craniofacial growth and to evaluate the possible association between the sizes of the cleft maxillary segment (intrinsic) and alveolar cleft (functional) and the craniofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design Retrospective case-control study. Setting Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project. Subjects Thirty unoperated adult patients with UCLP and 52 normal controls. Main Outcome Measures Maxillary dental cast was used to measure the sizes of the cleft maxillary segment and alveolar cleft. Cephalometry was used to determine craniofacial morphology. Results Patients with UCLP had shorter height of the basal maxilla, shorter posterior length of the basal maxilla, and less protruded basal maxilla at the zygomatic level than did control subjects. In patients with UCLP, the posterior height of the basal maxilla was related to the size of the cleft maxillary segment, and there was a tendency toward significant association between the anterior height of the basal maxilla and the size of the alveolar cleft. Conclusion The adverse effects of clefts on the growth of the maxilla in patients with UCLP are restricted to the basal maxilla in size. This growth inhibition is major in height and minor in length. The reduced posterior height of the basal maxilla in unoperated patients with UCLP might be primarily attributed to intrinsic effects, whereas the reduced anterior height of the basal maxilla might be attributed to functional effects.
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Rawashdeh, Ma'amon A., and Ikhlas Fawaz Bani Bakir. "The Crown Size and Sexual Dimorphism of Permanent Teeth in Jordanian Cleft Lip and Palate Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 2 (March 2007): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-197.1.
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Objective: To provide a detailed description of crown size dimensions in the permanent dentition of Jordanian cleft lip and palate patients and to compare the findings with those of other populations. Method: The mesiodistal crown diameters of the permanent teeth of 47 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 25 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and 74 controls were measured. Results: The cleft group (UCLP and BCLP patients) generally demonstrated a smaller tooth size for both the maxillary and mandibular arches than did the control group. A sexual dimorphism pattern with males having larger teeth than females was observed for controls and UCLP patients. More males with BCLP had smaller teeth than did females. In the maxilla, the UCLP cleft-side teeth showed the largest percentage (4%) of sexual dimorphism, whereas the BCLP teeth achieved the highest percentage (3.4%) in the mandible. The UCLP cleft-side maxillary lateral incisors (13.2%) and BCLP mandibular canines (6%) displayed greater sexual dimorphism in crown size than did any other tooth class. Conclusions: Tooth size reduction occurred across all permanent tooth types and among early and late-forming teeth in cleft patients compared with the controls. This reduction was more pronounced in the maxillary incisor field. Males with UCLP and control males had larger teeth than did females, whereas a reversal of the normal dimorphism pattern was observed in patients with BCLP.
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Celikoglu, Mevlut, Suleyman K. Buyuk, Abdullah Ekizer, and Ahmet E. Sekerci. "Evaluation of mandibular transverse widths in patients affected by unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 4 (July 1, 2015): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/061614-438.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the mandibular dental, alveolar, and skeletal transversal widths in patients affected by unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate and to compare the findings with a well-matched normal occlusion sample using cone beam computed tomography images. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 75 patients divided into three groups: the UCLP (29 patients; mean age: 15.40 ± 3.22 years), BCLP (18 patients; mean age: 15.54 ± 3.72 years), and normal occlusion (28 patients; mean age: 15.82 ± 2.11 years) groups. Mandibular dental (intercanine and -molar), alveolar (intercanine and -molar), and skeletal (bigonial width) transversal measurements were performed three-dimensionally and analyzed using the one-way variance analysis and post hoc Tukey tests. Results: Patients affected by UCLP and BCLP had statistically significantly lower intercanine alveolar widths (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively) and larger intermolar (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively) and intermolar alveolar widths (P < .001) compared with the normal occlusion group. Furthermore, the patients affected by UCLP and BCLP had similar mandibular dental, alveolar, and skeletal transversal widths (P > .05). Conclusion: The UCLP and BCLP groups showed statistically significantly smaller values for intercanine alveolar widths and larger values for intermolar dental and alveolar widths compared with the normal occlusion group. This shows the importance of using individualized archwires according to the pretreatment arch widths of the patients affected by UCLP and/or BCLP.
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Demirtas, Omer, Fahrettin Kalabalik, Asim Dane, Ali Murat Aktan, Ertugrul Ciftci, and Elif Tarim. "Does Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Affect the Maxillary Sinus Volume?" Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617726991.
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Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the maxillary sinus volume (MSV) of patients with a unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) between the cleft side and noncleft side and between adolescent patients with UCLP and a control (noncleft) group using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 44 UCLP patients (29 males and 15 females, with a mean [SD] age of 13.5 [5.0] years) and 44 (22 males and 22 females, with a mean [SD] age 14.9 [4.2] years) age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated in this study. Each maxillary sinus was assessed 3-dimensionally, segmented, and its volume was calculated. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the age and gender distributions of the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the MSVs of the cleft (10996.78±3522.89 mm3) versus the noncleft side (10382.3±3416.2 mm3; P < .05)] but no significant difference between the MSVs of the right and left sides ( P > .05). In the intergroup comparison, the mean MSVs of the UCLP patients (10701.52±3369.33 mm3) were significantly smaller than those of the control group (16054.08 ± 5293.96 mm3; P < .001). Conclusions: The MSVs of the UCLP patients showed a statistically significant decrease compared to those of the controls ( P < .001). There was also a significant difference in the MSVs of the cleft and noncleft sides of the UCLP patients ( P < .05).
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Gorucu-Coskuner, Hande, Ezgi Atik, Bengisu Akarsu-Guven, and Muge Aksu. "Comparison of Transverse Craniofacial Dimensions Between Growing Individuals With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Age-and Sex-Matched Noncleft Controls." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 57, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 1308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665620927584.
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Objective: The study aimed to assess the transverse craniofacial dimensions of patients (age, 7-14 years) with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), compare these dimensions with those of noncleft individuals, and identify the correlations between the nasal and maxillary transverse widths of patients with UCLP. Design: A cross-sectional study. Participants: Eighty patients operated on for complete UCLP (UCLP group; 35 girls, 45 boys; median age: 10.7 [7.9-14] years) and 80 age- and sex-matched noncleft individuals (control group; 35 girls, 45 boys; median age: 10.7 [7.3-14] years). Interventions: Interorbital, bizygomatic, nasal, maxillary skeletal, maxillary molar, mandibular molar, and antegonial width measurements were performed using posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs. Intergroup comparisons were conducted by using the independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Correlation between the variables was examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The bizygomatic, maxillary skeletal and molar, mandibular molar, and antegonial widths in the UCLP group were significantly less than those in the control group ( P < .05). A positive correlation was found between the maxillary skeletal and nasal widths ( r = 0.550, P < .001) and between the maxillary molar and nasal widths ( r = 0.560, P < .001). Conclusions: In individuals with UCLP, the bizygomatic, maxillary skeletal and molar, mandibular molar, and antegonial widths were significantly less than those in noncleft individuals. As the maxillary skeletal and dental widths presented a positive correlation with the nasal width, a decrease in nasal width must be considered when maxillary constriction is noted.
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Komba, Shiro, and Sachiko Machida. "UCHP Method for Oligosaccharide Combinatorial Library Synthesis." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 28, no. 6 (July 29, 2009): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328300903100661.
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Amin, Sepideh, Alex Freeman, Rupali Arora, and Tim C. Diss. "PCR-based tissue identification: the UCLH experience." Journal of Clinical Pathology 64, no. 10 (May 26, 2011): 921–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2010.087221.
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The need to accurately identify tissue of an individual can arise in a variety of settings including mislabelled slides or sample carryover. Reported rates of carryover range from 0.6% to 2.9% of slides depending on the methods of evaluation. Carryover becomes particularity clinically important when malignant tissue is found in an otherwise benign sample. The suspicion of malignancy causes immense psychological stress to the patient and results in additional management costs due to the additional investigations required to rule out malignancy. Proving a negative can be difficult and many cases result in lifelong follow-up for the patient. Molecular techniques such as PCR amplification of simple tandem repeat (STR) sequences can be used to identify tissue and hence its provenance. At University College London Hospital, STR PCR analysis has been used since 2003. Here the authors report their experience with regard to the clinical scenarios, the technique used and the outcomes.
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Nielsen, Bo Werner, Kirsten Mølsted, Lene Theil Skovgaard, and Inger KjæR. "Cross-Sectional Study of the Length of the Nasal Bone in Cleft Lip and Palate Subjects." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 4 (July 2005): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/04-001.1.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the human nasal bone length in newborns and male adults with cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to compare the results to previous findings in prenatal material. Design This study was a radiographic profile cephalometric cross-sectional analysis. Subjects and Methods Profile radiographs from 60 newborns with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1 in each group (20 CL, 20 CP, and 20 UCLP) and 60 male adults (20 CL, 20 CP, and 20 UCLP) were randomly selected among radiographs, taken for optimizing the treatment planning. The nasal bone lengths (n-na) were measured with a digital caliper on the profile radiographs. To compare the nasal bone lengths in the different cleft groups, Student's t tests at a significant level at 5% were performed. Results Nasal bone length was significantly shorter in male adult patients with CL compared with patients with CP. Furthermore, the nasal bone length was significantly shorter in newborns with CL (2 months) compared to newborns with UCLP (2 months). A borderline significance was seen in the comparison of patients with CL and UCLP in male adults. There was no significant difference in the nasal bone length between the patients with CP and UCLP, in either the newborns or the male adults. Conclusions Nasal bone length was significantly shorter in subjects with CL compared with subjects in whom the palate was clefted. The results show that the clefted lip in CL is associated with a subjacent skeletal deviation in the upper midface.
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Bagante, Ieva, Inta Zepa, and Ilze Akota. "3D Assessment of Nasolabial Appearance in Patients With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617726532.
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Objective: Rhinoplasty in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is challenging, and the surgical outcome of the nose is complicated to evaluate. The aim of this study was to assess the nasolabial appearance of patients with UCLP compared with a control group. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Riga Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Latvia. Participants: All consecutive 35 patients born between 1994 and 2004 with nonsyndromic complete UCLP were included. Of 35 patients, 29 came for checkup; the mean age was 14.7 years (range 10-18). In the control group, 35 noncleft participants at 10 years of age were included. Interventions: Nasolabial appearance was evaluated from 3-dimensional images using a 3-dimensional stereo-photogrammetric camera setup (3dMDface System), the results being analysed statistically. Results: In UCLP group, a statistically significant difference between cleft and noncleft side was found only in alar wing length ( P < .05). The difference of nasolabial anthropometric distances in the control group between the left and right side was not significant. The difference between the UCLP group and the control group was significant in all anthropometric distances except the lateral lip length to cupid’s bow. Conclusions: The nasolabial appearance with acceptable symmetry after cleft lip and reconstructive surgery of the nose was achieved. Symmetry of the nasolabial appearance in patients with UCLP differed from those in the control group. The 3D photographs with a proposed set of anthropometric landmarks for evaluation of nasolabial appearance seems to be a convenient, accurate, and noninvasive way to follow and evaluate patients after surgery.
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Zhang, Yuan, Yuhua Wang, Yaoyuan Zhang, Sheng Li, Lin Wang, and Yajing Qian. "Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Skeletal Deformities and Pharyngeal Airway in Chinese Han Individuals With Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 57, no. 1 (July 11, 2019): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665619860700.
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Objective: This study examined the relationships between skeletal deformities and the pharyngeal airway of patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Orthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Departments in the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, China. Patients, Participants: The sample comprised 30 nonsyndromic UCLP patients and 30 healthy controls. Each group has 23 males and 7 females. Interventions: All cone-beam computed tomography images were obtained with the participant in the standard supine position and asked to bite with intercuspal position without swallowing or moving their heads and tongues during scanning. Main Outcome Measure(s): SNA, SNB, ANB, anterior cranial base, Wits appraisal, maxillary length (PTM-ANS || FH), maxillary position (S-PTM || FH), mandibular length (Go-Pog || MP), FMA, posterior face height, anterior face height, Posterior-Anterior face height, lower face height, pharyngeal airway volumes, and areas were evaluated by Dolphin imaging software. Results: The UCLP group showed significantly decreased SNA, SNB, ANB, PTM-ANS || FH, S-PTM || FH, P-A Face Height compared with the controls. However, the airway volumes and areas showed no significant difference between 2 groups. The total airway volume and minimum cross-sectional area in UCLP patients were related to the Go-Pog || MP and FMA. Conclusions: Patients with UCLP have both the maxillary and mandibular deficiencies in the sagittal dimension. Both the sagittal and vertical relationships of the jaw might affect the airway volume and area. However, no significant difference was detected in airway volume and area in UCLP patients when compared with the controls.
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Han, Byeong-Ju, Akira Suzuki, and Hideo Tashiro. "Longitudinal Study of Craniofacial Growth in Subjects with Cleft Lip and Palate: From Cheiloplasty to 8 Years of Age." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 32, no. 2 (March 1995): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1995_032_0156_lsocgi_2.3.co_2.
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Craniofacial morphology was compared in 10 patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), 33 with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and 14 patients with isolated cleft palate (CP). Serial lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms, obtained just before lip repair at 4 months or palatoplasty at 2 years, and at 4 and 8 years of age, were analyzed through comparisons with the means and growth increments of craniofacial dimensions. Facial forms at 8 years of age were compared with those of 33 noncleft subjects. Wider upper facial width before lip repair in the UCLP patients diminished slightly following surgery, but the condition persisted up to 8 years of age. Less forward growth of the maxilla was found in the subjects who received palatoplasty and a larger vertical growth increment in anterior maxilla occurred in the UCLP patients. Posterior maxillary height showed no significant differences in its growth increment among patients with clefts, but shorter posterior maxillary height in the UCLP patients continued. Linear dimensions of the mandible did not differ among cleft subjects, but a larger intercondylar width, a larger gonial angle, and a slightly retruded mandible in the CP patients and UCLP patients suggested compensation of the mandible to a wider and retroinclined nasomaxillary complex.
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Li, Weiran, Jiuxiang Lin, and Minkui Fu. "Electromyographic Investigation of Masticatory Muscles in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients with Anterior Crossbite." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 35, no. 5 (September 1998): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0415_eiommi_2.3.co_2.
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Objective To evaluate the characteristics of masticatory muscle activity in operated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients with anterior crossbite compared with normal individuals. Subjects Sixteen male and 13 female Chinese patients with UCLP and anterior crossbite. Fifteen male and 13 female Chinese individuals without cleft abnormalities served as a control group. Design Electromyographic activity of the masseter muscles and anterior temporalis muscles was recorded bilaterally in different mandibular positions using bipolar surface electrodes. Results Compared to noncleft controls, patients with UCLP demonstrated (1) higher activation levels of masseter and temporalis muscles in the rest position, (2) lower potential function of masseter and temporalis, (3) inharmonious activity of the masticatory muscles during mandibular border movement, (4) a higher asymmetry index of the masseter and temporalis muscles, and (5) longer silent periods of the two muscles. Conclusions The function of masticatory muscles is different in patients with UCLP with anterior crossbite. Muscle function should be considered when evaluating cleft patients for orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery.
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Kleinheinz, Johannes, and Ulrich Joos. "Imaging of Cartilage and Mimic Muscles with MRI: Anatomic Study in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38, no. 4 (July 2001): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2001_038_0291_iocamm_2.0.co_2.
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Objective: The aim of the study was to visualize different soft tissues in the perioral, nasal, and paranasal region by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: In this descriptive study, images of different MRI systems were assessed and compared. Method: MRI was applied in five consecutive patients operated on for UCLP who underwent secondary lip and nasal correction, two patients who had not had UCLP operations, and five healthy volunteers as controls. The mimic muscles, vessels, and nasal cartilages were evaluated. Results: It was possible to visualize different parts of the paranasal and perioral mimic muscles and their interlacement in the upper lip. The nasal cartilages were also visible, and the changes after operation were demonstrated. Conclusions: MRI shows differentiated visualization of soft tissues in the cleft region and their changes after surgery. It is a valuable tool in the preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up in patients with UCLP.
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Yatabe-Ioshida, Marilia Sayako, Letícia Dominguez Campos, Renato Yassukata Yaedu, and Ivy Kiemle Trindade-Suedam. "Upper Airway 3D Changes of Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate After Orthognathic Surgery." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 56, no. 3 (May 30, 2018): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665618778622.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to 3-dimensionally assess the airway characteristics of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) who underwent orthognathic surgery. Design: This was a retrospective study. Setting: The study took place at a national referral center for cleft lip and palate rehabilitation. Patients and Participants: The sample comprised cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans obtained before and after orthognathic surgery of 15 individuals (30 CBCT scans), divided into 2 groups: UCLP group (n = 9 patients/18 CBCT scans) and BCLP group (n = 6/12 CBCT scans). All patients had a nonsyndromic UCLP or BCLP and a skeletal class III malocclusion at the preoperative period. Interventions: Airway volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (mCSA), location of mCSA, sella-nasion-A point (SNA) and sella-nasion-B point (SNB) angles, and condylion-A point and condyloid-gnathion linear measurements were assessed in open-source software (ITK-SNAP and SlicerCMF). Main Outcome Measure: Airway dimensions of patients with UCLP and BCLP increase after orthognathic surgery. Results: After orthognathic surgery, UCLP group showed a significant 20% increase in nasopharynx volume. Although not significant, BCLP group also showed an increase of 18% in the same region. Minimal cross-sectional area remained dimensionally stable after surgery and was all located in the oropharynx region, on both groups. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between volume and mCSA on both groups. Conclusion: Overall, individuals with UCLP and BCLP showed an increase in the upper airway after orthognathic surgery and this might explain the breathing and sleep improvements reported by the patients after the surgery.
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Gandedkar, Narayan H., Chai Kiat Chng, Mohammad Abdul Basheer, Por Yong Chen, and Vincent Kok Leng Yeow. "Comparative Evaluation of the Pharyngeal Airway Space in Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals with Noncleft Individuals: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 5 (September 2017): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/16-013.
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Objective To evaluate the pharyngeal airway space changes in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) individuals, and compare with age and sex-matched noncleft (NC) control subjects. Design Retrospective study. Setting Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Materials and Methods Twenty UCLP (mean age: 13.4 ± 0.5 years), 18 BCLP (mean age: 13.5 ± 0.5 years) and 20 skeletal Class I subjects (mean age: 13.4 ± 0.6 years) were included in the study. Cone beam computed tomography scans were assessed for pharyngeal airway space (PAS) (oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, total airway space volume), and compared with PAS of age and sex-matched skeletal Class I NC individuals. Results Pharyngeal airway space showed statistically significant differences in the UCLP, BCLP, and NC control subjects. Oropharyngeal (9338 ± 1108 mm3, P < .05), nasopharyngeal (2911 ± 401 mm3, P < .05), and total airway space (12 250 ± 1185 mm3, P < .05) volumes of BCLP individuals showed significant reduction in comparison to UCLP and NC. There were no gender differences of PAS in any of the groups tested ( P > .05). Conclusion The pharyngeal airway space was significantly reduced in the BCLP group than were those in UCLP and control groups. This reduced PAS should be taken into account when planning treatment for these individuals.
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Wada, Takeshi, Koichi Satoh, Takashi Tachimura, and Unai Tatsuta. "Comparison of Nasopharyngeal Growth between Patients with Clefts and Noncleft Controls." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 34, no. 5 (September 1997): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0405_congbp_2.3.co_2.
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Objective: This study was a comparison of the cephalometric growth characteristics of the nasopharyngeal structures between UCLP and noncleft controls. Method: Eighty patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP group) and 82 noncleft controls (NCC group) were assigned to four develop mental stages (i.e., stage 1, at 4 years; stage 2, at 8 years; stage 3, at 12 years; and stage 4, at 17 years of age). Measurements on the anteroposterior and the vertical dimensions were derived from reference lines and points of nasopharyngeal structures on the lateral cephalograms. Results: The results showed that there were no growth differences between the two groups at any stages in the regions of cranial base and cervical vertebrae, and that growth of the posterior maxilla in the UCLP group was significantly less at any stage in both A-P and vertical dimensions than in the NCC groups. As well, the nasopharyngeal triangle (Ho-At-PMP) in the groups showed almost parallel increase with stage, though with short vertical dimension in the UCLP group, and the soft palate length in the UCLP group was significantly less at stages 2, 3, and 4 compared to that in the NCC group. The adequate ratio (soft palate length/pharyngeal depth) in the UCLP group tended to decrease and was significantly less at stage 4 compared to that in the NCC group. Conclusions: These results indicate that the growth of the cranial base and the upper cervical vertebrae is independent of the effect of clefts or of surgeries on clefts, and that the growth inhibition at the posterior maxilla results in morphologic disharmony of upper nasopharyngeal structures. This could be a potential factor for the reappearance of velopharyngeal incompetence at a later age.
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d’Apuzzo, Fabrizia, Ludovica Nucci, Abdolreza Jamilian, Rosario Rullo, Vincenzo Grassia, and Letizia Perillo. "Evaluation of upper arch changes in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate after maxillary expansion using digital dental casts." STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL 7, no. 3 (2020): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2020.7(3).art.4.
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Objective To compare the upper arch dimensions of young patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) before and after treatment with bonded maxillary expander and hybrid activation protocol using digital dental casts. Methods Sixteen subjects with UCLP, aged between 7 and 14 years (mean age 10.9 ± 2.7 years) consecutively treated with bonded maxillary expander and hybrid activation were included. The dental casts before and after treatment were digitalized using a 3Shape scanner. Intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths (at cusp and gingival levels) and arch perimeters were measured. The significance level for statistical analyses was set as p < 0.05. Results The total treatment time using the hybrid expansion protocol lasted 12 ± 1.9 months while the active expansion time lasted 4 ± 0.2 months. Patients with UCLP showed significant differences in all transverse upper arch dimensions both at cusp and gingival level. Conclusion The use of a bonded maxillary expander with a hybrid activation protocol during growth may be efficient to improve all transverse upper arch widths in patients affected by UCLP
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Buyuk, Suleyman Kutalmis, Esra Ercan, Mevlut Celikoglu, Ahmet Ercan Sekerci, and Mukerrem Hatipoglu. "Evaluation of dehiscence and fenestration in adolescent patients affected by unilateral cleft lip and palate: A retrospective cone beam computed tomography study." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/042715-289.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence of dehiscence and fenestration defects around anterior teeth in the cleft region and to compare these findings with the noncleft side in the same patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 44 patients (26 males, 18 females; mean age, 14.04 ± 3.81 years) with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were assessed to define dehiscences and fenestrations of the anterior teeth in both cleft and noncleft sides of the UCLP patients and a control group of noncleft patients (51 patients; 21 males, 30 females; mean age, 14.52 ± 1.16 years). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 and Student’s t-test. Results: The prevalence of dehiscences at the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines teeth were 43.2%, 70.6%, and 34.1% on the cleft side and 22.7%, 53.1%, and 27.3% on the noncleft side of UCLP patients, and 13.7%, 7.8%, and 13.7% in controls, respectively (statistically no difference between the sides of cleft patients). The cleft patients had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of dehiscences than did the controls on both the cleft and noncleft sides (P < .05), except for the maxillary central incisors. Fenestrations for these teeth were significantly more common on the cleft side in UCLP patients compared with controls (P < .05), whereas the difference for maxillary lateral incisors was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Patients with UCLP showed a higher prevalence of dehiscence and fenestration defects around the maxillary anterior teeth.
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Patel, Delnaz S., Rachel Jacobson, Yao Duan, Linping Zhao, David Morris, and Mimis N. Cohen. "Cleft Skeletal Asymmetry." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 3 (December 14, 2017): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617732775.
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Objective: To quantitatively measure the extent of 3D asymmetry of the facial skeleton in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using an asymmetry index (AI) approach, and to illustrate the applicability of the index in guiding and measuring treatment outcome. Method: Two groups of subjects between the ages of 15 and 20 who had archived CBCT scan were included in this study. Twenty-five patients with complete UCLP were compared with 50 age-matched noncleft subjects. The CBCT scans were segmented and landmarked for 3D anthropometric analysis. An AI was calculated as a quantitative measure of the extent of facial skeletal asymmetry. Results: For the control group, the AI ranged from 0.72 ± 0.47 at A point to 4.77 ± 1.59 at Gonion. The degree of asymmetry increased with the increasing laterality of the landmark from the midsagittal plane. In the UCLP group, the values of AI significantly increased compared to the control group at nearly all measured landmarks. The extent of the asymmetry to involve the upper, middle, and lower facial skeleton varied widely with the individual patient with UCLP. Conclusion: The asymmetry index is capable of capturing the 3D facial asymmetry of subjects with UCLP and as a basis for classification of the extent of the asymmetry. We found the index to be applicable in surgical planning and in measuring the outcome in improving the symmetry in patients who have undergone orthognathic surgery.
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Tsai, Tzong-Ping, Chiung-Shing Huang, Chuan-Chuan Huang, and Lai-Chu See. "Distribution Patterns of Primary and Permanent Dentition in Children with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 35, no. 2 (March 1998): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0154_dpopap_2.3.co_2.
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Objective To investigate the distribution patterns of primary and permanent teeth in the cleft area and the numerical variation in teeth in unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients. Design A survey of the dentition in UCLP patients. Setting Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Patients 137 UCLP patients who met the following criteria: (1) have had at least one panoramic film taken, (2) the first panoramic film illustrates either primary or early mixed dentition. Evaluation of both permanent and primary dentition was available in 91 cases. Main Outcome Measures Two evaluators performed independent evaluations of number and distribution of teeth in UCLP patients. The hypothesis that there are two odontogenic origins for maxillary lateral incisors was proposed to explain the occurrence of distribution patterns of dentition in the cleft area and to explain differences between primary and permanent dentition in UCLP patients. Results Four distribution patterns in the cleft area were identified in both the primary and the permanent dentition. In the primary dentition, placement of the lateral incisor distal to the alveolar cleft was the predominant pattern (pattern y, 82.4%), followed by absence of the cleft side maxillary lateral incisor (pattern ab, 9.9%), presence of one tooth on each side of the alveolar cleft (pattern xy, 5.5%), and placement of the lateral incisor mesial to the alveolar cleft (pattern x, 2.2%). In the permanent dentition, the most common pattern was the absence of the maxillary lateral incisor on the cleft side (pattern AB, 51.8%), followed by lateral incisor placement distal to the alveolar cleft (pattern Y, 46%), lateral incisor placement mesial to the alveolar cleft (pattern X, 1.5%) and the presence of one tooth on each side of the alveolar cleft (pattern XY, 0.7%). The discrepancy between the distribution patterns of primary dentition and permanent dentition successors is 57.1%. Variations in tooth number in both primary and permanent dentition of UCLP patients occurred most often in the cleft area. Abnormalities in the number of teeth (hypodontia or hyper-dontia) outside the cleft area were more common in the permanent dentition than in the primary dentition (24.1% versus 4.4%). Conclusions Four distribution patterns in the cleft area were identified in both sets of dentition. Our findings of distribution patterns in UCLP patients support the hypothesis that there may be two odontogenic origins for maxillary lateral incisors. Clinicians involved in managing the dentition of UCLP patients should consider the high frequency of numerical variation both in and outside the cleft area before starting dental treatment.
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Haque, Sanjida, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, and Mohd Fadhli Khamis. "Treatment Outcome of Bangladeshi UCLP Patients Based on Both Phenotype and Postnatal Treatment Factors using Modified Huddart Bodenham (mHB) Index." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 7 (February 22, 2018): 966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-293.
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Objective: To evaluate the dental arch relationship (DAR) of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to explore the various phenotype and postnatal treatment factors that are responsible for poor DAR. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Subjects: Eighty-four Bangladeshi children with nonsyndromic UCLP who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. Main Outcome Measures: Dental models were taken at 5 to 12 years of age (man: 7.69), and dental arch relationships were assessed using modified Huddart/Bodenham index (mHB) by two raters. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and interexaminer agreements, chi-square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR. Results: The total mHB score (mean [SD]) was −8.261 (7.115). Intra- and interagreement was very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between positive history of class III (P = .025, P = .030, respectively) and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = .003) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR. Conclusion: This multivariate study suggested complete type of UCLP and positive history of class III had a significantly unfavorable effect on the DAR.
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Wong, Oi Yean, Richard Warne, Matthew Adams, and Indran Davagnanam. "Hyperacute stroke pathway CT reporting times at UCLH." Clinical Radiology 72 (September 2017): S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2017.06.030.
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Joos, U. "Long-term outcomes in complete uclp and bclp." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 40, no. 10 (October 2011): 1010–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2011.07.857.
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Marques, Ilza L., John A. Nackashi, Hilton C. Borgo, Ângela P. M. C. Martinelli, Maria I. Pegoraro-Krook, William N. Williams, Jeniffer C. R. Dutka, et al. "Longitudinal Study of Growth of Children with Unilateral Cleft-Lip Palate from Birth to Two Years of Age." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 6 (November 2009): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/08-105.1.
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Objective: To study the growth of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) from birth to 2 years of age and to construct specific UCLP growth curves. Design: Physical growth was a secondary outcome measure of a National Institutes of Health–sponsored longitudinal, prospective clinical trial involving the University of Florida (United States) and the University of São Paulo (Brazil). Patients: Six hundred twenty-seven children with UCLP, nonsyndromic, both genders. Methods: Length, weight, and head circumference were prospectively measured for a group of children enrolled in a clinical trial. Median growth curves for the three parameters (length, weight, head circumference) were performed and compared with the median for the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) curves. The median values for length, weight, and head circumference at birth and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age were plotted against NCHS median values and statistically compared at birth and 24 months. Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil (HRAC-USP). Results: At birth, children of both genders with UCLP presented with smaller body dimensions in relation to NCHS median values, but the results suggest a catch-up growth for length, weight, and head circumference for girls and for weight (to some degree) and head circumference for boys. Conclusions: Weight was the most compromised parameter for both genders, followed by length and then head circumference. There was no evidence of short stature. This study established growth curves for children with UCLP.
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Hassan, Yang Rafidah, Kwan Lok Tse, Balvinder Khambay, Ricky Wing Kit Wong, Min Gu, and Yanqi Yang. "Dental Arch Relationships and Reverse Headgear Effects in Southern Chinese Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 7 (February 26, 2018): 925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-155.
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Objective: To evaluate the severity of the dental arch relationships and the treatment outcomes of reverse headgear (RHG) in southern Chinese patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: A retrospective study. Setting: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Patients: Thirty-eight UCLP patients with complete records. Among them, 14 were later treated with RHG (RHG group) and 24 were under review (non-RHG group) before definitive orthodontic or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. Interventions: Study models at T1 (aged 9.4 ± 0.4 years old), prebone grafting and before any orthodontic treatment started; T2 (aged 11.3 ± 0.6 years old), after bone grafting, and RHG treatment (RHG group) or under review (non-RHG group); and T3 (aged 15.3 ± 3.2 years old), pretreatment of definitive orthodontic or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. Main Outcome Measures: With satisfactory intra- and interexaminer agreement proven by the kappa value, the dental arch relationships of the study models at T1, T2, and T3 were assessed by a solo calibrated examiner using the GOSLON Yardstick. Results: The median GOSLON score for southern Chinese patients with UCLP at T1 was 4.0. Sixty percent of the patients were categorized as “poor” at T1. RHG significantly improved dental arch relationships from T1 to T2, and the improvement was maintained until T3 assessed by the GOSLON Yardstick. Conclusions: The dental arch relationships in southern Chinese UCLP patients at 8 to 10 years old are unfavorable. RHG treatment shows positive effects in improving the dental arch relationships in UCLP patients, as assessed by the GOSLON Yardstick.