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Journal articles on the topic 'UCOE'

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Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Nelson, Everette J. R., Laura M. Tuschong, and Dennis D. Hickstein. "Lentiviral Vectors Incorporating Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Element Driving Canine CD18 Expression." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 5890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5890.5890.

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Abstract Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD1) in humans is caused due to mutations in the ITGB2 gene encoding the leukocyte CD18 subunit (b2 integrin). This results in defective leukocyte adhesion and migration leading to recurrent episodes of life-threatening bacterial infection. Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) represents a disease-specific large animal model of LAD1 in which new therapeutic approaches could be tested. Our previous studies have demonstrated variable efficiency of CD18 expression under the control of several promoters. These include cellular promoters such as those of human elongation factor 1a (hEF1a): long (1169bp) and short (248bp) fragments, human phosphoglycerate kinase (hPGK), human CD11b and human CD18 genes. In addition, murine stem cell virus (MSCV) promoter has also been demonstrated to lead to very high levels of CD18 expression in CLAD CD34+ cells thereby reversing the CLAD phenotype in dogs previously treated with both foamy and lentiviral vectors. But, due to potential genotoxicity associated with the use of viral promoters, we continued our efforts in search of novel cellular promoters. One such promoter is the ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) from the human heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 and chromobox homolog 3 (HNRPA2B1-CBX3) loci. UCOE has been previously shown to display reproducible and stable transgene expression within the context of a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector in the absence of classical enhancer activity (Zhang et al., Blood 2007).It has also been shown to confer resistance to DNA methylation-mediated transgene silencing even upon integration into the heterochromatin regions of the host chromosome (Zhang et al., Mol Ther. 2010). Since the full-length element is about 2.6 kb, we cloned and tested different fragment lengths of the UCOE promoter in a SIN lentiviral vector (pCL20) in CLAD CD34+ cells in vitro. Efficiency of expression of CD18 obtained with the six promoter fragments of UCOE (in bp), namely U3'631, U3'1262, U3'652, U5'1357, U5'723 and U5'655 were compared to those obtained with an MSCV promoter. Functional viral titers were first determined using a human LAD EBV-transformed B-cell line that lacks endogenous human CD18. When comparable titers of each vector were used in an overnight transduction of CLAD CD34+ cells after a 24h cytokine prestimulation in vitro, the percentage of CD18+ cells 5 days after transduction were as follows: U3'631 - 8.49%, U3'1262 - 15.9%, U3'652 - 21.3% (tested at MOI 100), U5'1357 - 2.05% (tested at MOI 30), U5'723 - 2.44% (tested at MOI 20), U5'655 - 3.01% (tested at MOI 50) and MSCV - 35.3% (tested at MOI 100). The CD18 expression levels driven by some of these promoter fragments were comparable to those driven by cellular promoters mentioned previously. The UCOE is promising in that it could overcome possible gene silencing effects when used in vivo, unlike promoters such as EF1a and PGK which were largely subjected to post-transcriptional gene silencing with sub-therapeutic levels of CD18 as previously tested in the dog model. Hence, functional correction of the CD18 defect could be achieved with candidate UCOE-incorporating SIN lentiviral vector(s) when used in the treatment of CLAD dogs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Ikawa, Yasuhiro, Toru Uchiyama, Guridevi Jayashree Jagadeesh, and Fabio Candotti. "Comparison of Immortalization Potential of Gamma-Retroviral, Lentiviral and Foamy Virus Gene Transfer Vectors." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 3116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3116.3116.

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Abstract Abstract 3116 Therapeutic gene transfer has been used successfully to treat a variety of human genetic diseases. Although protocols have shown positive clinical outcomes, the success of clinical trials were tempered by adverse events, in which integration of the viral vectors increased transcription of cancer-related genes and thereby contributed to development of leukemia. In all documented cases of insertional mutagenesis, the viral vectors used contained full-length, gamma-retrovirus long terminal repeats (LTRs) that are able to exert strong promoter and enhancer activity driving not only the expression of the transgene carried by the vector, but also that of genes neighboring the insertion site. Assessing safety of integrating viral vectors for future clinical use is therefore of paramount importance. In preparation for gene therapy approaches for the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), we used an in vitro assay of murine bone marrow (BM) cell immortalization to compare the consequences of transduction by four different kinds of viral vectors, including a full-length LTR Moloney leukemia virus (MLV), a self-inactivating MLV carrying a 3' LTR deleted of the viral enhancer region (SIN), a lentivirus (LV), and a foamy virus (FV) construct. All vectors carried EGFP under the control of a ubiquitously acting chromatin opening element (UCOE) or the WAS endogenous promoter (WASp). In this assay, BM cells are harvested from C57BL6 mice, exposed to retroviral supernatants and cultured long-term. Derived lines are considered immortalized based on their ability to continue to grow in vitro for more than 6 weeks in the presence of interleukin-3 and stem cell factor. To date, MLV and SIN transduction of 123 and 132 cultures, respectively, gave rise to 48 and 43 immortalized lines (39.0% and 32.6% immortalization rate). The difference in immortalization rate between MLV and SIN vectors was not statistically significant (Chi square: p=0.30). As expected, immortalized cells were negative/low for IgER, cKit and Sca1 expression, and positive to different degrees for expression of the myeloid markers CD11b/Mac1 and Ly6g/Gr1. Transduction of 114 and 62 cultures with LV and FV vectors, respectively, resulted in no immortalized lines. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate transduction efficiency of bone marrow cells and immortalized lines. Integrated vector sequences in bone marrow cells transduced by LV and FV were detected in significantly higher quantities than in cells transduced with MLV and SIN vectors. However, expression of the EGFP transgene was markedly reduced in LV- and FV-transduced cells compared to cells exposed to MLV vectors (MFI: 14.0, 1.88, 93.2, respectively). These preliminary results confirm that gamma-retroviral gene transfer vectors are prone to causing immortalization of hematopoietic cells and suggest the vectors based on LV and FV backbones may be safer alternatives for WAS and other genetic disorders, provided that effective gene expression levels can be achieved in the biological model system under study.Table.Summary of immortalization results using MLV, SIN, LV and FV vectorsVirusMOITransduction efficiencyTransduction experiments% ImmortalizationMLV/UCOE/EGFP2067%5643MLV/WASp/EGFP2065%6736SIN/UCOE/EGFP532%7236SIN/WASp/EGFP537%6028LV/UCOE/EGFP1040%570LV/WASp/EGFP1049%570FV/UCOE/EGFP1027%280FV/WASp/EGFP1022%340negativeN.A.N.A.720 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Boscolo, Sabrina, Francesca Mion, Marta Licciulli, et al. "Simple scale-up of recombinant antibody production using an UCOE containing vector." New Biotechnology 29, no. 4 (2012): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2011.12.005.

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Zhang, Fang, Susannah I. Thornhill, Steven J. Howe, et al. "Lentiviral vectors containing an enhancer-less ubiquitously acting chromatin opening element (UCOE) provide highly reproducible and stable transgene expression in hematopoietic cells." Blood 110, no. 5 (2007): 1448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-12-060814.

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AbstractUbiquitously acting chromatin opening elements (UCOEs) consist of methylation-free CpG islands encompassing dual divergently transcribed promoters of housekeeping genes that have been shown to confer resistance to transcriptional silencing and to produce consistent and stable transgene expression in tissue culture systems. To develop improved strategies for hematopoietic cell gene therapy, we have assessed the potential of the novel human HNRPA2B1-CBX3 UCOE (A2UCOE) within the context of a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector. Unlike viral promoters, the enhancer-less A2UCOE gave rise to populations of cells that expressed a reporter transgene at a highly reproducible level. The efficiency of expression per vector genome was also markedly increased in vivo compared with vectors incorporating either spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters, suggesting a relative resistance to silencing. Furthermore, an A2UCOE-IL2RG vector fully restored the IL-2 signaling pathway within IL2RG-deficient human cells in vitro and successfully rescued the X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) phenotype in a mouse model of this disease. These data indicate that the A2UCOE displays highly reliable transcriptional activity within a lentiviral vector, largely overcoming insertion-site position effects and giving rise to therapeutically relevant levels of gene expression. These properties are achieved in the absence of classic enhancer activity and therefore may confer a high safety profile.

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Guichardaz, Michelle, Sveva Bottini, Elisa Balmas, and Alessandro Bertero. "Overcoming the Silencing of Doxycycline-Inducible Promoters in hiPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes." Open Research Europe 4 (December 18, 2024): 266. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19024.1.

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Background Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are pivotal for studying human development, modeling diseases, and advancing regenerative medicine. Effective control of transgene expression is crucial to achieve temporal and quantitative precision in all of these contexts. The doxycycline (dox)-inducible OPTi-OX system, which integrates the Tet-On 3G transactivator and dox-responsive transgene at the hROSA26 and AAVS1 genomic safe harbors (GSHs), respectively, offers a promising solution. Yet, transgene silencing, particularly in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), limits its utility. Methods To address this, we evaluated strategies to enhance dox-inducible transgene expression. We compared two promoters, TRE3VG and T11, for activity and stability, and investigated the addition of a Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Element (UCOE) to reduce silencing. We also tested relocating the transgene cassette to the CLYBL GSH, and employed sodium butyrate (SB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, to restore promoter activity. Transgene expression was assessed via flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR. Results TRE3VG exhibited higher activity than T11, but both were prone to silencing. UCOE did not enhance promoter activity in hiPSCs, but modestly reduced silencing in hiPSC-CMs. Targeting the CLYBL locus improved promoter activity compared to AAVS1 in both hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs. SB restored activity in silenced inducible promoters within hiPSC-CMs, but compromised hiPSC viability. Unexpectedly, Tet-On 3G was silenced in some clones and could not be reactivated by SB. Conclusions These findings underscore the need for integrating multiple strategies, including careful GSH selection, improved cassette design, epigenetic modulation, and clone screening, to develop robust dox-inducible systems that retain functionality during hiPSC differentiation.

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Pfaff, Nils, Nico Lachmann, Mania Ackermann, et al. "The Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Element (UCOE) Enhances Lentiviral Cytidine Deaminase (CDD) Expression and Drug Resistance During Hematopoietic Differentiation of Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs),." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 4179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4179.4179.

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Abstract Abstract 4179 Introduction: Transfer of drug resistance genes to the hematopoietic system has been advocated for myeloprotection during anti-cancer chemotherapy, however, for malignancies manifestated in blood or bone marrow compartments this strategy carries the risk of inadvertent transduction of tumor cells. Hematopoietic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has the potential to overcome this problem, and we here have investigated this concept in the context of Cytidine Deaminase (CDD)-mediated myeloprotection. However, epigenetic silencing of transgenic promoter/enhancer elements during differentiation is a major drawback when using genetically modified iPSCs. Therefore, we have transduced iPSCs with lentiviral constructs overexpressing CDD from different constitutive promoter/enhancer elements and have investigated the effects of the ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) on transgene stability and CDD-mediated drug resistance in hematopoietically differentiated and naïve iPSCs. Materials/Methods: Murine iPSCs were transduced with 3rd-generation self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral constructs overexpressing CDD and an IRES-coupled dTomato reporter from a truncated elongation factor 1α (EFS) or spleen focus-forming (SFFV) promoter/enhancer. Optionally, the UCOE site was cloned upstream of the respective promoter/enhancer. Transgene expression, Ara-C resistance and selection potential were investigated for naïve iPSCs and after differentiation along the hematopoietic lineage (d 0–8). Ara-C resistance was analyzed for colony-forming cells (d8-16). Expression of transgenic dTomato and CDD was measured by FACS, western blot and qRT-PCR. Bisulfite sequencing was performed to assess promoter methylation for the different lentiviral constructs. Results: Our studies demonstrated efficient transduction and stable EFS-driven CDD expression in undifferentiated iPSCs irrespective of the UCOE site. In contrast, SFFV-driven CDD expression was rapidly silenced. Although transgene expression levels were higher in UCOE.EFS.CDD- versus EFS.CDD-iPSCs (MFI: 89.5 vs 39.0), both, EFS.CDD- and UCOU.EFS.CDD-iPSCs were significantly protected against exposure to Ara-C (2000 nM/ 48 h) and were efficiently selected by continuous exposure to 2000 nM Ara-C (increase of dTomato+ cells from 5–8 % to 75–98 % within 16 days). No influence of CDD expression on iPSC morphology, growth characteristics, and expression of the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, or Nanog was noted. Upon hematopoietic differentiation profound transgene silencing was observed in EFS.CDD-iPSCs. Silencing occurred during the first days of differentiation. Only 5–9% dTomato+ cells were observed on days 4 or 8, and reduced CDD expression levels were detected on days 4, 8, and 16 by Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. Nevertheless, hematopoietic colony-forming units displayed significant resistance to Ara-C when compared to non-transduced controls. In contrast, UCOE.EFS.CDD-iPSCs only showed minor degrees of differentiation-induced transgene silencing with approx. 50% of the cells still expressing the dTomato transgene on day 8. Moreover, when subjected to clonogenic assays in the presence of 1000nM Ara-C, UCOE.EFS.CDD- in comparison to EFS.CDD-transduced cells exhibited significantly increased drug resistance (colony survival: 74±15 vs. 48±7%, p<0.05, n=3). In addition, bisulfite sequencing demonstrated significantly reduced CpG methylation in UCOE.EFS.CDD transduced cells upon hematopoietic differentiation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Ara-C resistance in the hematopoietic system can be achieved by hematopoietic differentiation of CDD-overexpressing iPSCs. While EFS and SFFV promoter/enhancer elements upon hematopoietic differentiation are prone to epigenetic silencing, this may be overcome by the use of a UCOE element, which stabilizes transgene expression during hematopoietic differentiation and significantly reduces CpG methylation in regulatory elements of the provirus. Thus, our UCOE.EFS.CDD vector allows for long-term transgene expression in hematopoietic progeny of iPSCs, and hematopoietic differentiation of gene modified, patient-derived iPSCs may be suitable to increase the safety of drug resistance gene therapy in malignant diseases with manifestation in the hematopoietic system. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Brendel, Christian, Stefan Stein, Michael Antoniou, and Manuel Grez. "UCOE (ubiquitous chromatin opening element) mediates copy dependent expression of gp91phox in lentiviral vectors." Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases 40, no. 2 (2008): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.10.025.

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Hou, Jeff Jia Cheng, Ben S. Hughes, Matthew Smede, et al. "High-throughput ClonePix FL analysis of mAb-expressing clones using the UCOE expression system." New Biotechnology 31, no. 3 (2014): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.02.002.

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Betts, Zeynep, Alexandra S. Croxford, and Alan J. Dickson. "Evaluating the interaction between UCOE and DHFR-linked amplification and stability of recombinant protein expression." Biotechnology Progress 31, no. 4 (2015): 1014–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.2083.

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Pradhan, Ajoya Kumar, Mahendra Kumar Mohanty, and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "Techno-economic Evaluation of Stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Remote Village Using HOMER-pro Software." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 2 (2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i2.pp73-88.

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The off-grid hybrid renewable energy generation system has lesser cost of energy with higher reliability when compared with solar Photovoltaic (PV) or wind energy system individually. The optimization design is worked out by reducing the Unit Cost Of Energy (UCOE) for different case studies and comparing the outcomes obtained by the use of HOMER-Pro (hybrid optimization model of electric renewable) software. The optimal cash flow analysis of hybrid energy system is based on the load patterns is discussed, solar irradiance (kW/m2) of site at proper latitude and longitude, wind speed and price of diesel, which is collected from a remote village in Khurda District, Odisha in India. Moreover, the optimization and sensitivity results of the system are find out by varying the input parameters like solar radiation, wind speed etc.

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Pradhan, Ajoya Kumar, Mahendra Kumar Mohanty, and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of Stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Remote Village Using HOMER-Pro Software." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 2 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i2.pp74-89.

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The off-grid hybrid renewable energy generation system has lesser cost of energy with higher reliability when compared with solar photovoltaic (PV) or wind energy system individually. The optimization design is worked out by reducing the unit cost of energy (UCOE) for different case studies and comparing the outcomes obtained by the use of HOMER-Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model of Electric Renewable) software. The optimal cash flow analysis of hybrid energy system is based on the load patterns is discussed, solar irradiance (kW/m2) of site at proper latitude and longitude, wind speed and price of diesel, which is collected from a remote village in Khurda District, Odisha in India. Moreover, the optimization and sensitivity results of the system are find out by varying the input parameters like solar radiation, wind speed etc.

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Anakok, O. F., K. N. Bayindirli, and P. Kose. "Optimising the new ucoe models as higher direct transgene expression profile for effective gene therapy applications." Cytotherapy 23, no. 5 (2021): S151—S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1465324921005284.

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Seymour, Brenda J., Swati Singh, Hannah M. Certo, et al. "Effective, safe, and sustained correction of murine XLA using a UCOE-BTK promoter-based lentiviral vector." Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development 20 (March 2021): 635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.007.

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Zhang, Fang, Amy R. Frost, Mike P. Blundell, Olivia Bales, Michael N. Antoniou, and Adrian J. Thrasher. "A Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Element (UCOE) Confers Resistance to DNA Methylation–mediated Silencing of Lentiviral Vectors." Molecular Therapy 18, no. 9 (2010): 1640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2010.132.

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Betts, Zeynep, and Alan J. Dickson. "Assessment of UCOE on Recombinant EPO Production and Expression Stability in Amplified Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." Molecular Biotechnology 57, no. 9 (2015): 846–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-015-9877-y.

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Fitriani, R., I. N. Fitriani, N. Putri, W. C. Amalia, and A. Surjosatyo. "Used Cooking Oil Methyl Esther (UCOME) Production on a Pilot Scale in Bali Island, Indonesia, and Its Utilization as a Component Blending for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1395, no. 1 (2024): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1395/1/012012.

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Abstract Indonesia aims to achieve a New & Renewable Energy mix of 23% by 2025, so it is necessary to have policies related to the use of complementary feedstocks in the biofuel development program in Indonesia. Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is a domestic waste with the potential to be utilized as a complementary feedstock due to its abundant availability and almost zero carbon emission. However, to assess the sustainability of UCO utilization, especially as a component blending for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil, it is necessary to identify UCO characteristics and quality of its product, called as UCOME, also the production cost impact. The 10,000 liters of UCO used as feed in the pilot-scale UCOME production came from the household sector and HoReCa (Hotels, Restaurants, and Cafes). It was found that UCO had water content and %FFA ranging from 1421.03 - 1666.74 ppm and 1.7 - 15.9%. Furthermore, the UCOME produced has characteristics that comply with the standard of Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) ISO 8217 and SNI 7182 and has a price in the range of Rp.17,000 - 18,000. The results revealed that the UCO has the potential to be a feedstock for producing UCOME as a blending component for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil.

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Allen, Marianne Lindahl, and Michael Antoniou. "Correlation of DNA Methylation with Histone Modifications Across the HNRPA2B1-CBX3 Ubiquitously-Acting Chromatin Open Element (UCOE)." Epigenetics 2, no. 4 (2007): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/epi.2.4.5231.

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Dighe, Niraja, Maroun Khoury, Citra Mattar, et al. "Long-Term Reproducible Expression in Human Fetal Liver Hematopoietic Stem Cells with a UCOE-Based Lentiviral Vector." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (2014): e104805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104805.

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Dharshanan, Suba, Heilly Chong, Swee Hung Cheah, and Zulkeflie Zamrod. "Stable expression of H1C2 monoclonal antibody in NS0 and CHO cells using pFUSE and UCOE expression system." Cytotechnology 66, no. 4 (2013): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10616-013-9615-x.

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Haryani, Nina, Elfrida Rasyidah Desvi Imanda, and Andiga Asih Ambarwati Utami. "Pengaruh Kadar Free Fatty Acid dalam Used Cooking Oil (UCO) dan Massa Katalis pada Proses Transesterifikasi terhadap Karakteristik dan Kelimpahan Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME)." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 21, no. 1 (2025): 94. https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.21.1.84661.94-103.

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Salah satu pemanfaatan kembali minyak jelantah atau Used Cooking Oil (UCO) adalah diolah menjadi biodiesel Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME). Free Fatty Acid (FFA) dalam UCO diolah melalui reaksi transesterifikasi menjadi metil ester. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kadar FFA UCO dan massa katalis terhadap karakteristik dan yield UCOME yang dihasilkan. Variasi kadar FFA UCO yang digunakan yaitu 1,493%; 1,536%; 2,56%; dan 5,504%. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan pada temperatur 60 – 65 ℃, pengadukan 350 rpm, serta rasio mol UCO dan metanol (1:6) dengan variasi massa katalis KOH yaitu 0,5%, 1,5%, dan 2,5% (b/b) UCO. Parameter uji karakteristik UCOME meliputi densitas, viskositas, API Gravity, dan Higher Heating Value (HHV). Analisis komponen kimia dilakukan menggunakan alat Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Yield tertinggi sebesar 96,59% diperoleh pada hasil transesterifikasi sampel dengan kadar FFA 1,493%. Massa katalis KOH yang optimal adalah 1,5% (b/b UCO). Hasil GC-MS produk dengan kadar FFA awal &lt;5% didominasi oleh metil ester rantai C11-C19. Karakteristik seluruh produk dengan kadar FFA awal &lt;5% memenuhi standar biodiesel menurut SNI.The Effect of Free Fatty Acid Content in Used Cooking Oil (UCO) and Catalyst Mass in Transesterification Process on Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME)’s Characteristics and Yield. One way to take advantage of Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is by recycling it into Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME) biodiesel. The free fatty acids (FFA) in UCO are processed through a transesterification reaction into methyl esters. This study aims to review the effects of FFA content in UCO and the catalyst mass used on the characteristics and yield of UCOME produced. The variations in FFA content in UCO are 1.493%, 1.536%, 2.56%, and 5.504%. The transesterification reaction was carried out at a condition of 60 – 65 ℃, with stirring at 350 rpm, and mole ratio between UCO and methanol (1:6) with variations in the amount of KOH catalyst at 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5% w/w UCO. The UCOME characteristic test parameters include density, viscosity, API gravity, and Higher Heating Value (HHV). The highest yield of 96.59% was obtained from the transesterification of the sample with an FFA content of 1.493%. The optimal amount of KOH catalyst is 1.5% w/w UCO. The GC-MS results of products with initial FFA content &lt;5% are dominated by C11-C19 methyl esters. The characteristics of all products with initial FFA content &lt;5% fulfill the biodiesel standards according to SNI.

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Yu-cheng Kao, Vincent, Sonia Ferreira, Simon N. Waddington, and Michael N. Antoniou. "Haemophilia B Curative FIX Production from a Low Dose UCOE-based Lentiviral Vector Following Hepatic Pre-natal Delivery." Current Gene Therapy 16, no. 4 (2016): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566523216666161102150101.

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Saunders, Fay, Berni Sweeney, Michael N. Antoniou, Paul Stephens, and Katharine Cain. "Chromatin Function Modifying Elements in an Industrial Antibody Production Platform - Comparison of UCOE, MAR, STAR and cHS4 Elements." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (2015): e0120096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120096.

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Cullmann, Katharina, Kaj E. C. Blokland, Attila Sebe, et al. "Sustained and regulated gene expression by Tet-inducible “all-in-one” retroviral vectors containing the HNRPA2B1-CBX3 UCOE®." Biomaterials 192 (February 2019): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.006.

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Doan, Chinh Chung, Thanh Long Le, Nguyen Quynh Chi Ho та Nghia Son Hoang. "Effects of ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) on recombinant anti-TNFα antibody production and expression stability in CHO-DG44 cells". Cytotechnology 74, № 1 (2021): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10616-021-00503-1.

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Watson, Carole S., Rachel Schaefer, Susan E. White, et al. "Effect of intermittent umbilical cord occlusion on fetal respiratory activity and brain adenosine in late-gestation sheep." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 14, no. 1 (2002): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd01013.

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It was hypothesized that intermittent umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) would inhibit ovine fetal breathing movements (FBM) in association with increased cerebral adenosine levels. To test this hypothesis, on two successive days during late gestation (133–134 days; term = 146 days), microdialysis samples were collected from the brains of 10 chronically instrumented fetal sheep during 2-h periods of complete UCO induced every 30 min (Day 1: 2-min UCOs; Day 2: 4-min UCOs). Control fetuses (n = 10) underwent no UCO. Tracheal pressure was measured throughout. This regimen resulted in a decrease in fetal arterial PO2 (PaO2) during each UCO to 7.3 0.8 mmHg (P<0.01; Day 1) and 8.4 1.1 mmHg (P<0.01; Day 2). Throughout each UCO period, fetal arterial pH (pHa) decreased to 7.28 0.02 (P<0.01; Day 1) and 7.11 0.07 (P<0.01; Day 2). The hourly incidence of FBM decreased significantly only on Day 2, from 38.6 4.1% to 4.1 1.6% (P<0.01). The frequency of deep isolated inspiratory efforts increased from 4.7 2.0 h–1 to 17.6 6.1 h–1 (P<0.05; Day 1) and from 2.2 0.9 h–1 to 33.6 4 h–1 (P<0.01; Day 2). The amplitude of both FBM and deep isolated inspiratory efforts increased during the UCO periods on both days. The concentration of cerebral extracellular fluid (ECF) adenosine during UCO increased by 219 215% (P<0.05; Day 1) and 172 107% (P<0.05; Day 2) over the baseline periods. In conclusion, the severity of the inhibitory effect of repeated UCO on FBM depends, in part, on the length of the occlusions. The inhibition of FBM during intermittent UCO may be mediated by the increase in ECF adenosine in the fetal brain. Furthermore, FBM and deep isolated inspiratory efforts appear to be regulated by different mechanisms.

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Frank, E., and S. O. Effiom. "Development of a multigeneration system with integrated hydrogen production: A typical analysis." Nigerian Journal of Technology 42, no. 3 (2023): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v42i3.5.

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Rise in demand for energy and emission from fossil fuels has become a thing of concern to researchers and Engineers. It is one thing to provide the energy needed by the society, and another to produce a clean and eco-friendly power supply. In this study, a thermodynamic and economic modelling of a solar-driven multigeneration power plant (MGPP) integrated with a PEM Electrolyzer for hydrogen production is examined. The performance indicators considered include energy and exergy efficiencies, net work, energetic and exergetic COP, cooling rate. Results of the thermodynamic analysis show that the energy and exergy efficiencies excluding the fuel cell was 28.57% and 34.79% respectively; when the fuel cell was incorporated, the energy and exergy efficiencies were respectively 24.45% and 34.63%. The energetic and exegetic COP was 0.609 and 0.281 respectively. Additionally, net work, cooling rate, and hydrogen production were respectively 52.75kW, 86.83kW, and 0.0114kg/s. The economic analysis indicates a unit cost of electricity (UCOE) at $0.025/kWh, a life cycle cost of $0.1097 and a payback period of 4years was achieved. The developed multigeneration system is technically and economically viable with net zero CO2 emissions. It can also serve as an alternative option to fossil-powered plants and sectors with less energy demand.

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Müller-Kuller, Uta, Mania Ackermann, Stephan Kolodziej, et al. "A minimal ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) effectively prevents silencing of juxtaposed heterologous promoters by epigenetic remodeling in multipotent and pluripotent stem cells." Nucleic Acids Research 43, no. 3 (2015): 1577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv019.

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Lear, Christopher A., Laura Bennet, Benjamin A. Lear, Jenny A. Westgate, and Alistair J. Gunn. "Lack of evidence for impaired preload or Bezold-Jarisch activation during brief umbilical cord occlusions in fetal sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 320, no. 4 (2021): R532—R540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00357.2020.

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Impaired cardiac preload secondary to umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) has been hypothesized to contribute to intrapartum decelerations, brief falls in fetal heart rate (FHR), through activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. This cardioprotective reflex increases parasympathetic and inhibits sympathetic outflows triggering hypotension, bradycardia, and peripheral vasodilation, but its potential to contribute to intrapartum decelerations has never been systematically examined. In this study, we performed bilateral cervical vagotomy to remove the afferent arm and the efferent parasympathetic arm of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Twenty-two chronically instrumented fetal sheep at 0.85 of gestation received vagotomy ( n = 7) or sham vagotomy (control, n = 15), followed by three 1-min complete UCOs separated by 4-min reperfusion periods. UCOs in control fetuses were associated with a rapid fall in FHR and reduced femoral blood flow mediated by intense femoral vasoconstriction, leading to hypertension. Vagotomy abolished the rapid fall in FHR ( P < 0.001) and, despite reduced diastolic filling time, increased both carotid ( P < 0.001) and femoral ( P < 0.05) blood flow during UCOs, secondary to carotid vasodilation ( P < 0.01) and delayed femoral vasoconstriction ( P < 0.05). Finally, vagotomy was associated with an attenuated rise in cortical impedance during UCOs ( P < 0.05), consistent with improved cerebral substrate supply. In conclusion, increased carotid and femoral blood flows after vagotomy are consistent with increased left and right ventricular output, which is incompatible with the hypothesis that labor-like UCOs impair ventricular filling. Overall, the cardiovascular responses to vagotomy do not support the hypothesis that the Bezold-Jarisch reflex is activated by UCO. The Bezold-Jarisch reflex is therefore mechanistically unable to contribute to intrapartum decelerations.

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Anakok, O. F., P. Kose, and K. N. Bayindirli. "Gene Editing/Gene Therapies: BIOREACTOR RECOMBINANT PRODUCTION OF SARS-COV-2 VIRUS ANTIGENS IN CHO CELL CLONES BY USING NEW UCOE LENTIVIRAL VECTOR SYSTEM." Cytotherapy 25, no. 6 (2023): S258—S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1465-3249(23)00636-9.

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Sapee, Syazwana, Ahmad Fitri Yusop, Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar, et al. "Synthesis of non-edible biodiesel from crude jatropha oil and used cooking oil." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822506008.

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This study focuses on a feasibility study of alternative nonedible crude oil such as jatropha and used cooking oil in biodiesel production. Crude jatropha oil (CJO) and used cooking oil (UCO) were converted to biodiesel using a two-step transesterification process with presents of acid-based and alkaline-based catalysts. Each three biodiesel blends (B5, B15 and B25) have been produced by blended with conventional diesel fuel (CDF). Determination of the fuel properties for each blend including CDF, Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) and Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME) have been carried out. The average yield for jatropha and used cooking oil biodiesels production was 94.3% and 92% respectively. The increment of the percentage of JME or UCOME in its blends is proportional to fuels physical properties such as density, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and surface tension, however inversely proportional to fuels calorific value. Based on the results of this study, it is acceptable to conclude that non-edible CJO and UCO are viable alternatives to edible oil as feedstock to renewable fuel in order to reduce the greenhouse gases produced.

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Green, LR, Y. Kawagoe, DJ Hill, BS Richardson, and VK Han. "The effect of intermittent umbilical cord occlusion on insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in preterm and near-term ovine fetuses." Journal of Endocrinology 166, no. 3 (2000): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1660565.

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Intermittent umbilical cord compression with resultant fetal hypoxia can have a negative impact on fetal growth and development. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are the most important regulators of fetal growth. In preterm (107-108 days of gestation) and near-term (128-131 days of gestation) ovine fetuses, we have determined the effect of intermittent umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) over a period of 4 days on the profile and expression of IGFs and IGFBPs. In experimental group animals (preterm n=7; near term n=7) UCOs were carried out by complete inflation of an occluder cuff (duration 90 s) every 30 min for 3-5 h each day, while control fetuses (preterm n=7; near term n=7) received no UCOs. Ewes were euthanized at the end of day 4, and fetal heart, lung, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle and placenta were collected. During UCOs, PO(2! ) fell (by approximately 13 mmHg), pH fell (by approximately 0.05) and PCO(2) increased (by approximately 7 mmHg), and changed to a similar extent in both preterm and near-term groups. In both preterm and near-term groups, there was no difference in fetal body or organ weight between UCO and control fetuses. No significant changes were observed in plasma IGF-I and -II concentrations or IGFBP-1, -2, -3 or -4 levels throughout the 4-day study at either gestational age. In the preterm group UCO fetuses, IGF-II mRNA (1.2-6.0 kb) levels were lower in fetal lung (33%, P<0.05), heart (54%, P<0.01) and skeletal muscle (29%, P<0.05), but there were no differences in IGF-I mRNA levels (7.3 kb); IGFBP-2 mRNA (1.5 kb) levels were lower in the right lobe of the liver (42%, P<0.05) and kidney (22%, P<0.01), but hig! her in the heart (72%, P<0.01), while IGFBP-4 (2.4 kb) levels were lower in skeletal muscle (21%, P<0.01). In the near-term group UCO fetuses, IGFBP-2 mRNA levels were greater in the placenta (39%, P<0.05). Thus, intermittent UCO as studied has a greater effect on the expression of genes encoding certain peptides of the fetal IGF system in selected tissues in preterm fetuses than that in near-term fetuses. Altered IGFBP-2 mRNA levels with reduced IGF-II mRNA levels in selected tissues may mediate changes in growth and/or differentiation that might become apparent if the length of the UCO study were extended.

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Lear, Christopher A., Michael J. Beacom, Michi Kasai, et al. "Circulating catecholamines partially regulate T-wave morphology but not heart rate variability during repeated umbilical cord occlusions in fetal sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 319, no. 1 (2020): R123—R131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00026.2020.

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Fetal heart rate (FHR) variability (FHRV) and ST segment morphology are potential clinical indices of fetal well-being during labor. β-Adrenergic stimulation by circulating catecholamines has been hypothesized to contribute to both FHRV and ST segment morphology during labor, but this has not been tested during brief repeated fetal hypoxemia that is characteristic of labor. Near-term fetal sheep (0.85 gestation) received propranolol (β-adrenergic blockade; n = 10) or saline ( n = 7) 30 min before being exposed to three 2-min complete umbilical cord occlusions (UCOs) separated by 3-min reperfusions. T/QRS ratio was calculated throughout UCOs and reperfusion periods, and measures of FHRV (RMSSD, SDNN, and STV) were calculated between UCOs. During the baseline period, before the start of UCOs, propranolol was associated with reduced FHR, SDNN, and STV but did not affect RMSSD or T/QRS ratio. UCOs were associated with rapid FHR decelerations and increased T/QRS ratio; propranolol significantly reduced FHR during UCOs and was associated with a slower rise in T/QRS ratio during the first UCOs, without affecting the maximal rise or T/QRS ratio during the second and third UCO. Between UCOs propranolol reduced FHR and T/QRS ratio but did not affect any measure of FHRV. These data demonstrate that circulating catecholamines do not contribute to FHRV during labor-like hypoxemia. Furthermore, circulating catecholamines did not contribute to the major rise in T/QRS ratio during labor-like hypoxemia but may regulate T/QRS ratio between brief hypoxemia.

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Mitra, Abhas, and Krishna Kumar Singh. "On the Maximum Energy Release from Formation of Static Compact Objects." Galaxies 11, no. 6 (2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies11060116.

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Type II Supernova 1987A (SN 1987A), observed in 1987, released an energy of Q≈3×1053 erg. This huge energy is essentially the magnitude of gravitational potential or self-gravitational energy (PE) of a new born cold neutron star having a gravitational compactness or redshift zb≈0.15. One may wonder what could be the upper limit on the amount of energy that might be released with the formation of a cold Ultra Compact Object (UCO) with an arbitrary high zb. Accordingly, here, for the first time, we obtain an analytical expression for the PE of a homogeneous general relativistic UCO assuming it to be cold and static. It is found that the PE of a homogeneous UCO of mass M may exceed Mc2 and be as large as 1.34 Mc2. This result, though surprising, follows from an exact and correct analytical calculation based on the standard General Theory of Relativity (GTR). Further, UCOs supported by tangential stresses may be inhomogeneous and much more massive than neutron stars with PE ∼ 2.1 Mc2 Thus, in principle, formation of an UCO of a few solar masses (M⊙) might release an energy Q∼1055 erg.

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Ikawa, Yasuhiro, Toru Uchiyama, Guridevi Jayashree Jagadeesh, and Fabio Candotti. "Negative Control Region Is a Critical Element Of Insertional Oncogenesis After Gene Transfer Into Hematopoietic Progenitors With Moloney Murine Leukemia Viruses." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.164.164.

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Abstract Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells has been used successfully to treat a variety of human genetic diseases. Although protocols have shown positive clinical outcomes, the successes of clinical trials have been tempered by adverse events in which the use of gamma-retroviral vectors (GV) containing full-length long terminal repeats (LTRs) with strong enhancer activity increased transcription of cancer-related genes, and thereby contributed to development of leukemia. Assessing safety of integrating viral vectors for future clinical use is therefore of paramount importance. The negative control region (NCR) is a particularly well-conserved sequence among mammalian gamma-retroviruses with demonstrated regulating a transcription activity of GV in hematopoietic cells. This suggests that the NCR might play a crucial role of insertional oncogenesis after gene transfer into hematopoietic progenitors. In a series of safety studies of viral gene transfer constructs, we used an in vitro assay of murine bone marrow (BM) cell immortalization and compared the consequences of hematopoietic stem cell transduction with three different kinds of viral vectors, including Moloney murine leukemia virus- (MMLV), lentivirus- (LV), and foamy virus (FV)-based constructs. To evaluate critical elements for cell immortalization by MMLV vectors, we also tested four different MMLV LTR variants deleted of either 1) most of the two 75-bp repeats associated with the viral enhancer (delE1), 2) all of the two 75-bp repeats and the NCR (delE2), 3) only the NCR (delNCR), or 4) carrying a deleterious mutation of the NCR NFAT motif (ΔNFAT). All vectors carried an internal expression cassette including the eGFP gene under the control of a UCOE (ubiquitously acting chromatin opening element) promoter. In this assay, BM cells are harvested from C57BL6 mice, exposed to retroviral supernatants and cultured long-term. Derived lines are considered immortalized based on their ability to continue to grow in vitro for more than six weeks in the presence of interleukin-3 and stem cell factor. Real-time PCR was performed to verify comparable transduction efficiency of bone marrow cells by different vectors. In our analysis of MMLV LTR mutants, full-MMLV and delE1 transduction of 92 and 108 cultures, respectively, resulted in 37 and 37 immortalized lines (40% and 34% immortalization rate, respectively). The difference in immortalization rate between full-MMLV and delE1 was not statistically significant. Transductions using delE2-, delNCR- and ΔNFAT-carrying vectors of 60, 36 and 35 cultures resulted in 10, 3 and 10 immortalized lines (17%, 8.3% and 29% immortalization rate, respectively). The difference between the immortalization caused by delE1 and delE2 vectors was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the difference between the immortalization caused by full-MMLV and delNCR vectors was statistically significant (p<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the immortalization induced by full-MMLV and ΔNFAT vectors. Transduction of 57 and 34 cultures with LV and FV vectors, respectively, resulted in no immortalized lines. Transductions of 128 cultures with a LV construct carrying the U3 region from the murine stem cell virus LTR as an internal promoter (LV-U3) resulted in 2 immortalized lines which was not statistically different from the results obtained with LV vectors carrying the UCOE internal promoter. These results confirm that GV are prone to causing immortalization of hematopoietic cells and indicate that deletion of the whole viral enhancer sequences may not be adequate to eliminate the insertional oncogenesis risk. Importantly, our data point to the NCR as a crucial element for immortalization and justify additional studies to evaluate its specific role in MMLV-mediated insertional oncogenesis. Finally, our results suggest that vectors based on LV and FV backbones are safer alternatives for clinical gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Bruun, Nina, Juho Lehmusto, Jarl Hemming, Fiseha Tesfaye, and Leena Hupa. "Metal Rod Surfaces after Exposure to Used Cooking Oils." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010355.

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Used cooking oils (UCOs) have a high potential as renewable fuels for the maritime shipping industry. However, their corrosiveness during storage and usage are some of the concerns yet to be investigated for addressing compatibility issues. Thus, the corrosion of steels and copper exposed to the UCOs was studied through the immersion of metal rods for different periods. The changes on the rod surfaces were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). After the immersion, the copper concentration dissolved in the bio-oils was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The free fatty acids and glycerides were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The acid number (AN), water concentration, as well as density and kinematic viscosity of the bio-oils were determined with standard methods. The UCOs with the highest water content were corrosive, while the oils with lower water concentrations but higher ANs induced lower corrosion. After mixing two different UCOs, the metal corrosion decreased with an increasing concentration of the oil with lower corrosive properties. The lower corrosion properties were most likely due to the monounsaturated fatty acids, e.g., oleic acid in oils. These acids formed a barrier layer on the rod surfaces, thereby inhibiting the permeation of oxygen and water to the surface. Even adding 0.025 wt% of tert-butylamine decreased the corrosivity of UCO against polished steel rod. The results suggested that mixing several oil batches and adding a suitable inhibitor reduces the potential corrosive properties of UCOs.

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Borges, Alessandra Buhler, Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, Graziela Ribeiro Batista, Eduardo Bresciani, Erica Crastechini, and Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta. "Bond Strength of Reline Resins to Aged-simulated Denture Base Acrylic Resin." World Journal of Dentistry 7, no. 1 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1353.

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ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of different direct reliners to acrylic resin for denture base. Materials and methods Double-cone specimens were made: HA-heat-cured acrylic resin-(n = 20); U-Ufi Gel Hard C-(n = 10); K: Kooliner-(n = 10); R-Rebase II Fast-(n = 10) and RH-Rebase II Fast + Resin Hardener-(n = 10). Ten HA samples were immediately submitted to cohesive test. The remaining HA samples and others were submitted to thermal aging (HAaged, 1000 cycles, 5.55oC), followed by tensile test. For tensile strength, 50 single cone-shaped samples were made of heat-cured acrylic resin and aged (HAaged, 1000 cycles, 5.55oC). After surface treatment, relining resin cones were build up using silicon molds, and stressed to failure. Values of cohesive and tensile strength were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%). Results Bond strength were: HA/HAaged: 21.17 (Â±4.89)a, U/HAaged: 11.56 (Â±1.98)b, R/HAaged: 9.69 (Â±2.37)b, RH/ HAaged: 9.38 (Â±1.78)bc and K/HAaged: 5.98 (Â±1.90)c. The cohesive strength were: KCoe: 22.29(Â±4.06)a; RCoe: 23.99 (Â±3.29)a; RHCoe: 24.84 (Â±3.88)a; UCoe: 25.62 (Â±3.03)a; HAaged: 36.06 (Â±8.65)b and HA:42.29 (Â±7.68)b. Groups followed by the same letters do not show differences. Conclusion Bond strength of acrylic resin to acrylic denture base material is higher than the reliners and Ufi Gel Hard C showed the higher bond strength. How to cite this article Zanatta RF, Batista GR, Crastechini É, Bresciani E, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Bond Strength of Reline Resins to Aged-simulated Denture Base Acrylic Resin. World J Dent 2016;7(1):1-5.

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Lear, Christopher A., Jenny A. Westgate, Michi Kasai, et al. "Parasympathetic activity is the key regulator of heart rate variability between decelerations during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusions in fetal sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 319, no. 5 (2020): R541—R550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00186.2020.

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Fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) is a widely used index of intrapartum well being. Both arms of the autonomic system regulate FHRV under normoxic conditions in the antenatal period. However, autonomic control of FHRV during labor when the fetus is exposed to repeated, brief hypoxemia during uterine contractions is poorly understood. We have previously shown that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) does not regulate FHRV during labor-like hypoxia. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that the parasympathetic system is the main mediator of intrapartum FHRV. Twenty-six chronically instrumented fetal sheep at 0.85 of gestation received either bilateral cervical vagotomy ( n = 7), atropine sulfate ( n = 7), or sham treatment (control, n = 12), followed by three 1-min complete umbilical cord occlusions (UCOs) separated by 4-min reperfusion periods. Parasympathetic blockade reduced three measures of FHRV before UCOs (all P < 0.01). Between UCOs, atropine and vagotomy were associated with marked tachycardia (both P < 0.005), suppressed measures of FHRV (all P < 0.01), and abolished FHRV on visual inspection compared with the control group. Tachycardia in the atropine and vagotomy groups resolved over the first 10 min after the final UCO, in association with evidence that the SNS contribution to FHRV progressively returned during this time. Our findings support that SNS control of FHRV is acutely suppressed for at least 4 min after a deep intrapartum deceleration and takes 5–10 min to recover. The parasympathetic system is therefore likely to be the key mediator of FHRV once frequent FHR decelerations are established during labor.

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Izmaylov, M., D. Rafaja, V. Sechovský, and A. V. Andreev. "Ferromagnetism in UCo1−xMnxAl and UCo1−xVxAl." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 52, S1 (2002): A269—A272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10582-002-0065-5.

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Nikishina, Olga, and Olga Nikishina. "Incomplete construction: Russian and foreign experience." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821204007.

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The study is devoted to the objects of unfinished construction (hereinafter - UCO). The problem of the UCOs is urgent both for the regions and for the Russian Federation as a whole. The main reasons for the large number of the unfinished construction objects are analyzed in the paper. The global experience of solving the issue of long-term construction is considered. The unfinished objects spoil the architectural outlook of the city, while the lands are used inefficiently and the necrosis of capital occurs. In Russia, as a rule, conservation of these objects is not done that creates a real threat to life and health of people. The state and society cannot count on the economic effect of these objects, and they do not justify the goals and the means invested in them. Based on the conclusions drawn, measures are proposed that will allow preventing the suspension of the objects under construction at the moment, and complete the construction of the objects that begun earlier.

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Arponen, Milja, Eeva-Christine Brockmann, Riku Kiviranta, Urpo Lamminmäki, and Kaisa K. Ivaska. "Recombinant Antibodies with Unique Specificities Allow for Sensitive and Specific Detection of Uncarboxylated Osteocalcin in Human Circulation." Calcified Tissue International 107, no. 6 (2020): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00746-8.

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Abstract Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein which contains three glutamic acid residues (Glu) that undergo post-translational gamma-carboxylation. Uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism, thus measurement of ucOC could be useful in evaluating interactions between bone and glucose metabolism. We developed recombinant antibodies and immunoassay to specifically detect ucOC in human blood samples. ucOC-specific recombinant antibodies were selected from an antibody library by phage display. Four candidates were characterized, and one (Fab-AP13) was used to set up an immunoassay with a pre-existing MAb. Plasma ucOC levels were measured in subjects with normal fasting blood glucose (≤ 6 mmol/l, N = 46) or with hyperglycemia (≥ 7 mmol/l, N = 29). Further, we analyzed ucOC in age- and gender-matched patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D, N = 49). Antibodies recognized ucOC without cross-reaction to carboxylated osteocalcin. Antibodies had unique binding sites at the carboxylation region, with Glu17 included in all epitopes. Immunoassay was set up and characterized. Immunoassay detected ucOC in serum and plasma, with on average 1.6-fold higher levels in plasma. ucOC concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with hyperglycemia (median 0.58 ng/ml, p = 0.008) or with T2D diagnosis (0.68 ng/ml, p = 0.015) than in subjects with normal blood glucose (1.01 ng/ml). ucOC negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose in subjects without T2D (r = − 0.24, p = 0.035) but not in T2D patients (p = 0.41). Our immunoassay, based on the novel recombinant antibody, allows for specific and sensitive detection of ucOC in human circulation. Correlation between ucOC and plasma glucose suggests interactions between osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in humans.

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Tacey, Alexander, Cassandra Smith, Mary N. Woessner, et al. "Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with vascular function in female older adults but does not influence vascular function in male rabbit carotid artery ex vivo." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242774.

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Background There are conflicting reports on the association of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) in cardiovascular disease development, including endothelial function and hypertension. We tested whether ucOC is related to blood pressure and endothelial function in older adults, and if ucOC directly affects endothelial-mediated vasodilation in the carotid artery of rabbits. Methods In older adults, ucOC, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) were measured (n = 38, 26 post-menopausal women and 12 men, mean age 73 ± 0.96). The vasoactivity of the carotid artery was assessed in male New Zealand White rabbits following a four-week normal or atherogenic diet using perfusion myography. An ucOC dose response curve (0.3–45 ng/ml) was generated following incubation of the arteries for 2-hours in either normal or high glucose conditions. Results ucOC levels were higher in normotensive older adults compared to those with stage 2 hypertension (p < 0.05), particularly in women (p < 0.01). In all participants, higher ucOC was associated with lower PWV (p < 0.05), but not BAFMD (p > 0.05). In rabbits, ucOC at any dose did not alter vasoactivity of the carotid artery, either following a normal or an atherogenic diet (p > 0.05). Conclusion Increased ucOC is associated with lower blood pressure and increased arterial stiffness, particularly in post-menopausal women. However, ucOC administration has no direct short-term effect on endothelial function in rabbit arteries. Future studies should explore whether treatment with ucOC, in vivo, has direct or indirect effects on blood vessel function.

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Chen, Yi-Chen, Ryoya Oga, Takahiro Furumi, Koki Nakagawa, Yoshihiro Nita, and Hiroyuki Tamaki. "The Effect of Bone Mechanical Stress Caused by Electrical Stimulation-Induced Muscle Contraction on Osteocalcin Secretion." Biology 13, no. 11 (2024): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13110882.

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Electrical stimulation-induced muscle contraction (ESMC) has demonstrated various physiological benefits, but its effects on the secretion of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), a bone-derived cytokine, remain unclear. This study explored the relationship between ESMC, bone strain, and ucOC secretion through two experiments. In the first, young male Fischer 344 rats were divided into three groups: low-frequency ES (LF, 10 Hz), high-frequency ES (HF, 100 Hz), and control (CON). Acute 30-min transcutaneous ES was applied, and both bone strain and ucOC levels were measured. In the second experiment, rats underwent LF or HF long-term ES (two sessions per week for 4 weeks), with ucOC and insulin levels monitored. Results revealed a significant peak in ucOC at 6 h post-acute LF-ESMC. Despite HF-ESMC generating greater bone strain, LF-ESMC, with smaller but repetitive bone strain, proved more effective in stimulating ucOC secretion. In the long-term study, both ESMC groups exhibited early increases in ucOC, with a positive correlation to insulin levels. In conclusion, bone strain induced by ES-mediated muscle contraction promotes ucOC secretion, with both the magnitude and frequency of strain playing critical roles.

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Liu, Xiaoying, Bu B. Yeap, Kaye E. Brock, et al. "Associations of Osteocalcin Forms With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components in Older Men: The Health In Men Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 9 (2021): e3506-e3518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab358.

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Abstract Context The osteoblast-derived polypeptide, osteocalcin (OC), has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several epidemiological studies. Animal studies have indicated the undercarboxylated form of OC (ucOC) drives its association with metabolic outcomes. Objective We compared associations of ucOC and carboxylated OC (cOC) with MetS and its components in older men. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 2575 men aged ≥70 years and older resident in Perth, Western Australia. ucOC was assayed using a hydroxyapatite-binding method, and cOC calculated by subtracting ucOC from total OC. Main outcome measures were MetS and its components. Results Both lower serum ucOC and cOC levels, and the proportion of cOC (%cOC) were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters (higher waist circumference, triglyceride, glucose, blood pressure, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), whereas inverse associations were found with %ucOC. Men in the lowest quintile of ucOC had higher risk of MetS compared to men in the highest quintile (Q1 ≤ 7.7 vs Q5 &gt; 13.8 ng/mL; OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2). Men in the lowest quintile of cOC had higher risk of MetS compared to those in the highest quintile (≤ 5.8 vs &gt; 13.0 ng/mL; OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2). Conclusion Lower concentrations of serum ucOC or cOC were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters and a higher risk of MetS. In contrast, a lower proportion of ucOC was associated with better metabolic parameters and lower MetS risk. Further research is warranted to determine whether ucOC and cOC are suitable biomarkers for cardiometabolic risk in men.

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McKenzie, Amy L., and Lawrence E. Armstrong. "Monitoring Body Water Balance in Pregnant and Nursing Women: The Validity of Urine Color." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 70, Suppl. 1 (2017): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000462999.

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Background: Urine osmolality (UOSM) reflects the renal regulation of excess fluid or deficit fluid, and therefore, serves as a marker of hydration status. Little is known about monitoring hydration in pregnant and lactating women despite significant physiological challenges to body water balance during that time. Therefore, we designed a study to assess if urine color (UCOL), an inexpensive and practical method, was a valid means of assessing urine concentration. Twenty-four hour UCOL was significantly correlated with 24 h UOSM in all women: pregnant, lactating, and control (r = 0.61-0.84, all p < 0.001). Utilizing a receiver operating characteristic statistical analysis, we found that 24 h and single sample UCOL had excellent diagnostic accuracy for identifying UOSM ≥500 mOsm·kg-1 in all women (area under the curve = 0.68-0.95, p < 0.001-0.46), and the UCOL that reflected this cut off was ≥4 on the UCOL chart. Summary: Therefore, UCOL is a valid marker of urine concentration and ultimately hydration status in pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant, non-lactating women. For pregnant, lactating, and control women, the UCOL chart is a valid tool that can be used to monitor urine concentration in a single sample or over the course of the day via a 24 h sample. Key Message: Women who present with a UCOL of 4 or more likely have a UOSM ≥500 mOsm·kg-1. Given the positive health benefits associated with UOSM <500 mOsm·kg-1, women should aim for a 1, 2, or 3 on the UCOL chart. If a UCOL of ≥4 is observed, women should consider increasing fluid consumption to improve hydration status.

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Nimptsch, Katharina, Alexandra Nieters, Susanne Hailer, Günther Wolfram, and Jakob Linseisen. "The association between dietary vitamin K intake and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin is modulated by vitamin K epoxide reductase genotype." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 12 (2008): 1812–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508131750.

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Vitamin K acts as a cofactor during the γ-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is a suggested biomarker of vitamin K status. The +2255 polymorphism of the vitamin K epoxide reductase gene (VKORC1) was shown to be associated with the recycling rate of the active form of vitamin K. We investigated the association between dietary vitamin K intake and serum ucOC and hypothesized that this association might vary byVKORC1genotype. ucOC and total intact osteocalcin (iOC) concentrations were quantified using specific ELISA tests in serum samples of 548 male and female participants (aged 18–81 years) of the Bavarian Food Consumption Survey II. ucOC was expressed relative to iOC (ucOC/iOC ratio). Dietary intake of vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones) was estimated from three 24 h dietary recalls using previously published food composition data. The association between dietary vitamin K intake and ucOC/iOC ratio was analysed using linear and non-linear regression models. Median intakes of phylloquinone/menaquinones were 83·4/37·6 μg/d in men and 79·6/29·8 μg/d in women, respectively. As expected, vitamin K intake was significantly inversely associated with the ucOC/iOC ratio. The ucOC/iOC ratio differed significantly across variants of the +2255 polymorphism in theVKORC1gene. Stratification byVKORC1+2255 genotype revealed that only in carriers of the GG genotype (39 % of all participants) did the ucOC/iOC ratio significantly decrease with increasing intake of vitamin K. Thus, the results show that the inverse association between dietary vitamin K intake and serum ucOC depends on a functionally relevant allelic variant of theVKORC1gene.

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Yang, Jianjian, Changsong Xie, Qianqian Yang, et al. "PANa/Covalent organic framework composites with improved water uptake and proton conductivity." Chemical Communications 58, no. 8 (2022): 1131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc06010d.

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In this communication, we construct composite-type PANa@UCOF-x by the in situ reaction strategy, which combines the advantages of UCOF with ordered channels and PANa with high water uptake, thus improving the proton conductivity of UCOF.

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Gasparini, A., Y. K. Huang, N. T. Huy, et al. "The Superconducting Ferromagnet UCoGe." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 161, no. 1-2 (2010): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-010-0188-1.

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FUJINO, Masato, Kazuo SHINOZAKI, Yukikazu NATORI, and Kazuhisa OHTAGUCHI. "The concept of UCEE Researcher Database." Journal of Information Processing and Management 50, no. 5 (2007): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.50.266.

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Ellis, Lindsay A., Brandon A. Yates, Amy L. McKenzie, Colleen X. Muñoz, Douglas J. Casa, and Lawrence E. Armstrong. "Effects of Three Oral Nutritional Supplements on Human Hydration Indices." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 26, no. 4 (2016): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0244.

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Urine color (Ucol) as a hydration assessment tool provides practicality, ease of use, and correlates moderately to strongly with urine specific gravity (Usg) and urine osmolality (Uosm). Indicative of daily fluid turnover, along with solute and urochrome excretion in 24-hr samples, Ucol may also reflect dietary composition. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of Ucol as a hydration status biomarker after nutritional supplementation with beetroot (880 mg), vitamin C (1000 mg), and riboflavin (200 mg). Twenty males (Mean ± SD; age, 21 ± 2 y; body mass, 82.12 ± 15.58 kg; height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m) consumed a standardized breakfast and collected all urine voids on one control day (CON) and 1 day after consuming a standardized breakfast and a randomized and double-blinded supplement (SUP) over 3 weeks. Participants replicated exercise and diet for one day before CON, and throughout CON and SUP. Ucol, Usg, Uosm, and urine volume were measured in all 24-hr samples, and Ucol and Usg were measured in all single samples. Ucol was a significant predictor of single sample Usg after all supplements (p < .05). Interestingly, 24-hr Ucol was not a significant predictor of 24-h Usg and Uosm after riboflavin supplementation (p = .20, p = .21). Further, there was a significant difference between CON and SUP 24-h Ucol only after riboflavin supplementation (p < .05). In conclusion, this investigation suggests that users of the UCC (urine color chart) should consider riboflavin supplementation when classifying hydration status and use a combination of urinary biomarkers (e.g., Usg and Ucol), both acutely and over 24 hr.

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Dong, Jae-June, Jay J. Shen, and Yong-Jae Lee. "Dose-Dependent Effect of Cotinine-Verified Tobacco Smoking on Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels in Korean Adult Males." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 6 (2017): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx247.

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Abstract Background Smoking is one of the risk factors to exacerbate allergic diseases, and it may affect serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. However, few studies have relied on an objective biomarker to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on serum IgE levels. Method A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between urinary cotinine (Ucot) concentrations and IgE levels in 973 males using data from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Ucot was classified into four groups based on concentration (ng/mL) as follows: nonsmoker group (Ucot &lt;50 ng/mL) and three tertile groups in smokers (T1 [Ucot: 50.00–921.28 ng/mL]; T2 [Ucot: 921.29–1869.36 ng/mL]; and T3 [Ucot ≥1869.37 ng/mL]). The dose-response relationships between Ucot concentrations and total serum IgE level were estimated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for confounding variables. Results We found a significant and positive dose-related effect of cigarette smoking as measured by Ucot concentrations on the total serum IgE level. The multivariate adjusted means of total serum IgE levels (SE) were 321.0 (36.3), 404.4 (102.7), 499.2 (79.2), and 534.7 (82.7) IU/mL, after adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol ingestion, physical exercise, job, and household income. The regression coefficient β for total serum IgE was β = 68.6 with increasing level of Ucot group after adjusting for the same covariables (p = .009). Conclusion These findings suggest that the amount of smoking may have a dose-dependent effect on total serum IgE levels. Implication Smoking is one of the risk factors to exacerbate allergic diseases, and it may affect serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, which is closely related to type 1 mediated allergic diseases. However, few studies have relied on an objective biomarker to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on serum IgE levels. We found that tobacco exposure, as measured by Ucot concentrations, increased the serum IgE levels in a dose-response manner in a representative sample of Korean adult males.

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