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1
DANG, ZHE, and OSCAR H. IBARRA. "ON ONE-MEMBRANE P SYSTEMS OPERATING IN SEQUENTIAL MODE." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 16, no. 05 (October 2005): 867–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054105003340.
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In the standard definition of a P system, a computation step consists of a parallel application of a "maximal" set of nondeterministically chosen rules. Referring to this system as a parallel P system, we consider in this paper a sequential P system, in which each step consists of an application of a single nondeterministically chosen rule. We show the following:1. For 1-membrane purely catalytic systems (pure CS's), the sequential version is strictly weaker than the parallel version in that the former defines (i.e., generates) exactly the semilinear sets, whereas the latter is known to define nonrecursive sets.2. For 1-membrane communicating P systems (CPS's), the sequential version can only define a proper subclass of the semilinear sets, whereas the parallel version is known to define nonrecursive sets.3. Adding a new type of rule of the form: ab → axbyccomedcometo the CPS (a natural generalization of the rule ab → axbyccomein the original model), where x, y ∈ {here, out}, to the sequential 1-membrane CPS makes it equivalent to a vector addition system.4. Sequential 1-membrane symport/antiport systems (SA's) are equivalent to vector addition systems, contrasting the known result that the parallel versions can define nonrecursive sets.5. Sequential 1-membrane SA's whose rules have radius 1, (1,1), (1,2) (i.e., of the form (a, out), (a, in), (a, out; b, in), (a, out; bc, in)) generate exactly the semilinear sets. However, if the rules have radius 1, (1,1), (2,1) (i.e., of the form (ab, out; c, in)), the SA's can only generate a proper subclass of the semilinear sets.
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Yim, Kendrick, Ahmet Bindayi, Stephen Ryan, Madhumitha Reddy, Ryan Nasseri, Fang Wan, Christopher Long, Zachary Hamilton, and Ithaar Derweesh. "U-SMART: (UCSD-small mass alt renal score tumor diameter) a novel scoring system of preoperative predictors to stratify oncologic risk of small renal mass." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2018): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.700.
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700 Background: Small renal masses (SRMs, < 4 cm in diameter) are heterogeneous, with significant proportions of benign as well as high-grade malignancy. We developed a scoring system incorporating patient factors, serum markers, and morphometric characteristics to elucidate benign and high grade pathology and guide decision making. Methods: Single institution retrospective analysis of surgically treated SRMs from 2003-2017. Demographic and clinical factors, including RENAL score, were analyzed. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: benign (BNGN), low grade (LG), or high grade (HG) disease and uni- and multivariable logistic regression were used to screen for association between potential parameters and the 3 groups. Each significant variable was analyzed by risk group and broken into quartiles. The 75th percentile of the HG group was assigned a value of 3. Below the 75th percentile of the BNGN group was assigned a value of 1; values that fell between these cutoffs were assigned 2 points. Tumor diameter was weighted twice that of other factors. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess for predictive capability. Results: 312 patients were analyzed (65 BNGN, 204 LG, 43 HG). Factors associated with increased risk of HG were male sex (OR 1.868, p = 0.045), higher ALT (OR 1.036, p = 0.022), higher RENAL score (OR 1.318, p = 0.002), and larger tumor diameter (OR 2.415, p < 0.001). Patients with low (5-8), intermediate (9-11) and high (12-14) scores had 32.8%, 5.2%, and 0% frequency of BNGN pathology. Patients with low, intermediate, and high scores had 7.7%, 18.6%, and 34.9% frequency of HG pathology. ROC analysis revealed AUC of 0.767. Conclusions: Preoperative clinical parameters were incorporated into a model that significantly predicts benign and aggressive pathology for SRMs. This risk stratification may provide a non-invasive method to aid in clinical decision making. External validation is requisite.[Table: see text]
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MF Amin, R., R. FA Yasmin, A. N. Azlina, AB Zanariah, and Y. Faridah. "Intelligent home automated system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i2.pp733-742.
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<p>Home automation system is one of the intelligent systems meant to create new opportunities for industry and business, as well as new experiences for users and consumers. This project is about designing, developing and testing a web-based intelligent home automation system called i-Home. The main users will be residents in any residential area i.e. gated community, terrace housing area, condominium and others. Its function is to ease residents in controlling the lights, fans, air conditioning, the house temperature and monitoring their CCTVs through online. For the hardware component Raspberry Pi was used due to its low cost, credit card-sized single-board computer that includes a processor, GPU, RAM and MicroSD as the server. Raspberry Pi primarily uses Linux-kernel-based operating system. It also requires PHP, JavaScript, Python and MySQL. The prototype of the system was built and performed most of the functions of home automation system. Usability and functional testing were carried out and both results showed that all functions worked perfectly.</p>
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Birajdar, Gajanan K., and Vijay H. Mankar. "Passive method for rescale detection using quadrature mirror filter based higher order statistical features." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 14, no. 05 (August 24, 2016): 1650033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691316500338.
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High resolution digital cameras and state-of-the-art image editing software tools has given rise to large amount of manipulated images leaving no traces of being subjected to any manipulation. Passive or blind forgery detection algorithms are used in order to determine its authenticity. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that blindly detects global rescaling operation using the statistical models computed based on quadrature mirror filter (QMF) decomposition. Fuzzy entropy measure is employed to choose the relevant features and to remove non-important features whereas artificial neural network classifier is used for forgery detection. Experimental results are presented on grayscale and [Formula: see text]-component images of UCID database to prove the validity of the algorithm under different interpolation schemes. Results are provided for the detection of rescaled images with JPEG compression, arbitrary cropping and white Gaussian noise addition. Further, results are shown using USC-SIPI database to prove the robustness of the algorithm against the type of database.
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Ortenzi, Fernando, Natascia Andrenacci, Manlio Pasquali, and Carlo Villante. "On the Hybridization of Microcars with Hybrid UltraCapacitors and Li-Ion Batteries Storage Systems." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123230.
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The objective proposed by the EU to drastically reduce vehicular CO2 emission for the years up to 2030 requires an increase of propulsion systems’ efficiency, and accordingly, the improvement their technology. Hybrid electric vehicles could have a chance of achieving this, by recovering energy during braking phases, running in pure electric mode and allowing the internal combustion engine to operate under better efficiency conditions, while maintaining traditionally expected vehicle performances (mileage, weight, available on-board volume, etc.). The energy storage systems for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have different requirements than those designed for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs); high specific power is normally the most critical issue. Using Li-ion Batteries (LiBs) in the designing of on-board Energy Storage Systems (ESS) based only on power specifications gives an ESS with an energy capacity which is sufficient for vehicle requirements. The highest specific power LiBs are therefore chosen among those technologically available. All this leads to an ESS design that is strongly stressed over time, because current output is very high and very rapidly varies, during both traction and regeneration phases. The resulting efficiency of the ESS is correspondingly lowered, and LiBs lifetime can be relevantly affected. Such a problem can be overcome by adopting hybrid storage systems, coupling LiBs and UltraCapacitors (UCs); by properly dimensioning and controlling the ESS’ components, in fact, the current output of the batteries can be reduced and smoothed, using UCs during transients. In this paper, a simulation model, calibrated and validated on an engine testbed, has been used to evaluate the performances of a hybrid storage HEV microcar under different operative conditions (driving cycles, environment temperature and ESS State of Charge). Results show that the hybridization of the powertrain may reduce fuel consumption by up to 27%, while LiBs lifetime may be more than doubled.
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Kumar Sunori, Sandeep, Pradeep Kumar Juneja, and Anamika Bhatia Jain. "Model Predictive Control System Design for Boiler Turbine Process." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i5.pp1054-1061.
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<p>MPC is a computer based technique that requires the process model to anticipate the future outputs of that process. An optimal control action is taken by MPC based on this prediction. The MPC is so popular since its control performance has been reported to be best among other conventional techniques to control the multivariable dynamical plants with various inputs and outputs constraints. In the present work the control of boiler turbine process with three manipulated variables namely fuel flow valve position, steam control valve position and feed water flow valve position and three controlled variables namely drum pressure, output power and drum water level deviation [8] has been attempted using MPC technique. Boiler turbine process is very complex and nonlinear multivariable process. A linearized model obtained using Taylor series expansion around operating point has been used.</p>
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Antoni, Antoni, and Heru Sukoco. "Penerapan Teknik Penarikan Contoh Kuota untuk Penentuan Paket Aplikasi pada Distro IPB Linux Operating System." Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Agri-Informatika 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jika.2.2.55-63.
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<p>Penerapan lisensi GNU General Public License (GPL) menyebabkan munculnya berbagai sistem operasi berbasis GNU/Linux. Hal ini dikarenakan banyak perusahaan, masyarakat umum, dan komunitas tertentu yang mengembangkan pemaketan aplikasi (distro) Linux sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing. Distro IPB Linux Operating System (ILOS) 2013 merupakan sistem operasi GNU/Linux yang dikembangkan untuk menunjang kebutuhan perangkat lunak mahasiswa Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). ILOS 2013 dibangun menggunakan metode remastering menggunakan distro Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS sebagai distribusi induk. Mahasiswa IPB memiliki karakteristik yang heterogen dan terdiri atas beberapa kompetensi keilmuan yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan survei dengan metode penarikan contoh kuota. Survei yang dilakukan melibatkan 100 mahasiswa dari semua jurusan di IPB untuk menentukan kebutuhan perangkat lunak bagi mahasiswa IPB. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data survei, paket distro ILOS meliputi 38 aplikasi yang terdiri atas 5 aplikasi untuk kebutuhan sains, 7 aplikasi perkantoran, 5 aplikasi pemrograman, 3 aplikasi manajemen basisdata, 2 aplikasi jaringan, 1 aplikasi sistem informasi geografis (SIG), 5 aplikasi computer aided design (CAD) dan desain grafis, 6 aplikasi internet, 3 aplikasi multimedia dan 1 aplikasi utilitas telah dipaketkan pada distro ILOS 2013 untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mahasiswa IPB. Seluruh aplikasi dipaketkan dalam bentuk DVD Installer ILOS 2013.</p><p>Kata kunci: GNU/Linux, ILOS, penarikan contoh kuota, remastering, Ubuntu.</p>
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Malhotra, Ruchika, and Juhi Jain. "Predicting Software Defects for Object-Oriented Software Using Search-based Techniques." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 31, no. 02 (February 2021): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194021500054.
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Development without any defect is unsubstantial. Timely detection of software defects favors the proper resource utilization saving time, effort and money. With the increasing size and complexity of software, demand for accurate and efficient prediction models is increasing. Recently, search-based techniques (SBTs) have fascinated many researchers for Software Defect Prediction (SDP). The goal of this study is to conduct an empirical evaluation to assess the applicability of SBTs for predicting software defects in object-oriented (OO) softwares. In this study, 16 SBTs are exploited to build defect prediction models for 13 OO software projects. Stable performance measures — GMean, Balance and Receiver Operating Characteristic-Area Under Curve (ROC-AUC) are employed to probe into the predictive capability of developed models, taking into consideration the imbalanced nature of software datasets. Proper measures are taken to handle the stochastic behavior of SBTs. The significance of results is statistically validated using the Friedman test complied with Wilcoxon post hoc analysis. The results confirm that software defects can be detected in the early phases of software development with help of SBTs. This paper identifies the effective subset of SBTs that will aid software practitioners to timely detect the probable software defects, therefore, saving resources and bringing up good quality softwares. Eight SBTs — sUpervised Classification System (UCS), Bioinformatics-oriented hierarchical evolutionary learning (BIOHEL), CHC, Genetic Algorithm-based Classifier System with Adaptive Discretization Intervals (GA_ADI), Genetic Algorithm-based Classifier System with Intervalar Rule (GA_INT), Memetic Pittsburgh Learning Classifier System (MPLCS), Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) and Steady-State Genetic Algorithm for Instance Selection (SGA) are found to be statistically good defect predictors.
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Dolara, Alberto, Sonia Leva, Giacomo Moretti, Marco Mussetta, and Yales Romulo de Novaes. "Design of a Resonant Converter for a Regenerative Braking System Based on Ultracap Storage for Application in a Formula SAE Single-Seater Electric Racing Car." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020161.
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Electric mobility can represent a game changing technology for the long-term sustainability of the transportation sector. Pursuing this target, a model to simulate an Electric Vehicle (EV) for Formula SAE Electric competition is herein proposed: all the subsystems of the EV and the hybrid storage of the Li-ion batteries and Ultra-Capacitors (UCs) are implemented, in order to store the kinetic energy of the regenerative braking in the storage system through the Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS). A bidirectional DC-DC resonant converter is herein applied to the KERS to manage the UC pack. The operational limits of the proposed system, keeping the soft-switching properties, are discussed, and the results show the capability of the converter to operate under resonant mode in both boost and buck mode. A drawback is the presence of high current peaks in the resonant inductor. The use of more than one converter in interleaving and the adoption of a suitable capability factor ensure the proper operation of the system.
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Dutta, Ayan, Prithviraj Dasgupta, José Baca, and Carl Nelson. "searchUCSG: a fast coalition structure search algorithm for modular robot reconfiguration under uncertainty." Robotica 32, no. 2 (February 13, 2014): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574714000095.
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SUMMARYWe consider the problem of dynamic reconfiguration by modular self-reconfigurable robots (MSRs) in the presence of uncertainty in their motion and the environment. Specifically, we consider the situation where the MSR is unable to continue its motion in its current configuration and needs to identify a new configuration among the existing modules, which would be the most configuration suitable for performing the robot's assigned task under the current circumstances. To address this problem, we propose a new data structure called an uncertain coalition structure graph (UCSG) that accommodates uncertainty in the MSR's motion and the environment, using a framework from cooperative game theory called the coalition structure graph. We then propose a new search algorithm calledsearchUCSGthat intelligently prunes nodes from the UCSG using a modified branch-and-bound technique. We have shown analytically that our algorithm is anytime, that is, if it terminates arbitrarily, it returns the best solution found thus far, which is guaranteed to be within a constant bound from the optimal solution. We have verified the performance of our algorithm experimentally in simulation and shown that it is able to find a solution that is within the worst bound of 80% of the optimal solution while exploring only half of the nodes in the UCSG. Our algorithm also takes lesser computation time than the existing algorithms (that do not model uncertainty) for solving similar problems. Finally, to verify the operation of our algorithm, we have implemented it to partition a set of mobile e-puck robots into clusters and shown how different number of robots and different robot motion uncertainty parameters affect the formed clusters.
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IBARRA, OSCAR H., HSU-CHUN YEN, and ZHE DANG. "ON VARIOUS NOTIONS OF PARALLELISM IN P SYSTEMS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 16, no. 04 (August 2005): 683–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054105003236.
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We consider the following definition (different from the standard definition in the literature) of "maximal parallelism" in the application of evolution rules in a P system G: Let R = {r1, …rk} be the set of (distinct) rules in the system. G operates in maximally parallel mode if at each step of the computation, a maximal subset of R is applied, and at most one instance of any rule is used at every step (thus at most k rules are applicable at any step). We refer to this system as a maximally parallel system. We look at the computing power of P systems under three semantics of parallelism. For a positive integer n ≤ k, define: n-Max-Parallel: At each step, nondeterministically select a maximal subset of at most n rules in R to apply (this implies that no larger subset is applicable). ≤ n-Parallel: At each step, nondeterministically select any subset of at most n rules in R to apply. n-Parallel: At each step, nondeterministically select any subset of exactly n rules in R to apply. In all three cases, if any rule in the subset selected is not applicable, then the whole subset is not applicable. When n = 1, the three semantics reduce to the Sequential mode. We focus on two popular models of P systems: multi-membrane catalytic systems and communicating P systems. We show that for these systems, n-Max-Parallel mode is strictly more powerful than any of the following three modes: Sequential, ≤ n-Parallel, or n-Parallel. For example, it follows from the result in [9] that a maximally parallel communicating P system is universal for n = 2. However, under the three limited modes of parallelism, the system is equivalent to a vector addition system, which is known to only define a recursive set. These generalize and refine the results for the case of 1-membrane systems recently reported in [3]. Some of the present results are rather surprising. For example, we show that a Sequential 1-membrane communicating P system can only generate a semilinear set, whereas with k membranes, it is equivalent to a vector addition system for any k ≥ 2 (thus the hierarchy collapses at 2 membranes - a rare collapsing result for nonuniversal P systems). We also give another proof (using vector addition systems) of the known result [8] that a 1-membrane catalytic system with only 3 catalysts and (non-prioritized) catalytic rules operating under 3-Max-Parallel mode can simulate any 2-counter machine M. Unlike in [8], our catalytic system needs only a fixed number of noncatalysts, independent of M. A simple cooperative system (SCO) is a P system where the only rules allowed are of the form a → v or of the form aa → v, where a is a symbol and v is a (possibly null) string of symbols not containing a. We show that a 9-Max-Parallel 1-membrane SCO is universal.
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Haryanto, Eri, and Imam Riadi. "Forensik Internet Of Things pada Device Level berbasis Embedded System." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 6, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2019661828.
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<p>Perangkat Internet of Things (IoT) merupakan perangkat cerdas yang memiliki interkoneksi dengan jaringan internet global. Investigasi kasus yang menyangkut perangkat IoT akan menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi investigator forensik. Keberagaman jenis perangkat dan teknologi akan memunculkan tantangan baru bagi investigator forensik. Dalam penelitian ini dititikberatkan forensik di level internal device perangkat IoT. Belum banyak bahkan belum penulis temukan penelitian sejenis yang fokus dalam analisis forensik perangkat IoT pada level device. Penelitian yang sudah dilakukan sebelumnya lebih banyak pada level jaringan dan level cloud server perangkat IoT. Pada penelitian ini dibangun environment perangkat IoT berupa prototype smart home sebagai media penelitian dan kajian tentang forensik level device. Pada penelitian ini digunakan analisis model forensik yang meliputi collection, examination, analysis, dan reporting dalam investigasi forensik untuk menemukan bukti digital. Penelitian ini berhasil mengungkap benar-benar ada serangan berupa injeksi malware terhadap perangkat IoT yang memiliki sistem operasi Raspbian, Fedberry dan Ubuntu Mate. Pengungkapan fakta kasus mengalami kesulitan pada perangkat IoT yang memiliki sistem operasi Kali Linux. Ditemukan 1 IP Address komputer penyerang yang diduga kuat menanamkan malware dan mengganggu sistem kerja perangkat IoT.</p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>The Internet of Things (IoT) is an smart device that has interconnection with global internet networks. Investigating cases involving IoT devices will be a challenge for forensic investigators. The diversity of types of equipment and technology will create new challenges for forensic investigators. In this study focused on forensics at the IoT device's internal device level, there have not been many similar research that focuses on forensic analysis of IoT devices at the device level. Previous research has been done more at the network level and cloud level of IoT device's. In this study an IoT environment was built a smart home prototype as a object for research and studies on forensic level devices. This study, using forensic model analysis which includes collection, examination, analysis, and reporting in finding digital evidence. This study successfully revealed that there was really an attack in the form of malware injection against IoT devices that have Raspbian, Fedberry and Ubuntu Mate operating systems. Disclosure of the fact that the case has difficulties with IoT devices that have the Kali Linux operating system. Found 1 IP Address of an attacker's computer that is allegedly strongly infusing malware and interfering with the work system of IoT devices.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>
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Liu, Jiajun, Huachao Dong, Tianxu Jin, Li Liu, Babak Manouchehrinia, and Zuomin Dong. "Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Vehicles with Dynamic On-Off Power Loads Using a Nested Formulation." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 2699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102699.
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In this paper, identification of an appropriate hybrid energy storage system (HESS) architecture, introduction of a comprehensive and accurate HESS model, as well as HESS design optimization using a nested, dual-level optimization formulation and suitable optimization algorithms for both levels of searches have been presented. At the bottom level, design optimization focuses on the minimization of power loss in batteries, converter, and ultracapacitors (UCs), as well as the impact of battery depth of discharge (DOD) to its operation life, using a dynamic programming (DP)-based optimal energy management strategy (EMS). At the top level, HESS optimization of component size and battery DOD is carried out to achieve the minimum life-cycle cost (LCC) of the HESS for given power profiles and performance requirements as an outer loop. The complex and challenging optimization problem is solved using an advanced Multi-Start Space Reduction (MSSR) search method developed for computation-intensive, black-box global optimization problems. An example of load-haul-dump (LHD) vehicles is employed to verify the proposed HESS design optimization method and MSSR leads to superior optimization results and dramatically reduces computation time. This research forms the foundation for the design optimization of HESS, hybridization of vehicles with dynamic on-off power loads, and applications of the advanced global optimization method.
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Widjajarto, Adityas, Muharman Lubis, and Vreseliana Ayuningtyas. "Vulnerability and risk assessment for operating system (OS) with framework STRIDE: comparison between VulnOS and Vulnix." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1643-1653.
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<p><span lang="EN-US">The rapid development of information technology has made security become extremely. Apart from easy access, there are also threats to vulnerabilities, with the number of cyber-attacks in 2019 showed a total of 1,494,281 around the world issued by the </span><span lang="EN-US">national cyber and crypto agency (BSSN) honeynet project. Thus, vulnerability analysis should be conducted to prepare worst case scenario by anticipating with proper strategy for responding the attacks. Actually, vulnerability is a system or design weakness that is used when an intruder executes commands, accesses unauthorized data, and carries out denial of service attacks. The study was performed using the AlienVault software as the vulnerability assessment. The results were analysed by the formula of risk estimation equal to the number of vulnerability found related to the threat. Meanwhile, threat is obtained from analysis of sample walkthroughs, as a reference for frequent exploitation. The risk estimation result indicate the 73 (seventy three) for the highest score of 5 (five) type risks identified while later on, it is used for re-analyzing based on the spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service, and elevation of prvilege (STRIDE) framework that indicated the network function does not accommodate the existing types of risk namely spoofing.</span></p>
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Teistler, M., C. Duwenkamp, M. Wagner, M. Marschollek, M. Plischke, B. W. Raab, K. M. Stürmer, D. P. Pretschner, K. Dresing, and O. J. Bott. "virtX – Evaluation of a Computer-based Training System for Mobile C-arm Systems in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery." Methods of Information in Medicine 47, no. 03 (2008): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me0476.
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Summary Objectives: Operating room personnel (ORP) operating mobile image intensifier systems (C-arms) need training to produce high quality radiographs with a minimum of time and X-ray exposure. Our study aims at evaluating acceptance, usability and learning effect of the CBT system virtX that simulates C-arm based X-ray imaging in the context of surgical case scenarios. Methods: Prospective, interventional study conducted during an ORP course with three groups: intervention group 1 (training on a PC using virtX), and 2 (virtX with a C-arm as input device), and a control group (training without virtX) – IV1, IV2 and CG. All participants finished training with the same exercise. Time needed to produce an image of sufficient quality was recorded and analyzed using One-Way-ANOVA and Dunnett post hoc test (? = .05). Acceptance and usability of virtX have been evaluated using a questionnaire. Results: CG members (n = 21) needed more time for the exercise than those of IV2 (n = 20): 133 ± 55 vs. 101 ± 37 sec. (p = .03). IV1 (n = 12) also performed better than CG (128 ± 48 sec.), but this was not statistically significant. Seventy-nine participants returned a questionnaire (81% female, age 34 ± 9 years, professional experience 8.3 ± 7.6 years; 77% regularly used a C-arm). 83% considered virtX a useful addition to conventional C-arm training. 91% assessed virtual radiography as helpful for understanding C-arm operation. Conclusions: Trainees experienced virtX as substantial enhancement of C-arm training. Training with virtX can reduce the time needed to perform an imaging task.
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Listewnik, Paulina, and Adam Mazikowski. "Automatic system for optical parameters measurements of biological tissues." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i3.846.
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In this paper a system allowing execution of automatic measurements of the optical parameters of scattering materials in a efficient and accurate manner is proposed and described. The system is designed especially for measurements of biological tissues including phantoms, which closely imitate optical characteristics of a real tissue. The system has modular construction and is based on ISEL system, luminance and color meter and a computer with worked out dedicated software and user interface. Performed measurements of scattering distribution characteristics for selected materials revealed good accuracy, confirmed by comparative measurements using well-known reference characteristics. Full Text: PDF ReferencesWróbel, M. S., Popov, A. P., Bykov, A. V., Kinnunen, M., Jedrzejewska-Szczerska, M., & Tuchin, V. V. (2015). Measurements of fundamental properties of homogeneous tissue phantoms. Journal of Biomedical Optics CrossRef Wróbel, M. S., Jedrzejewska-Szczerska, M., Galla, S., Piechowski, L., Sawczak, M., Popov, A. P., Cenian, A. (2015). Use of optical skin phantoms for preclinical evaluation of laser efficiency for skin lesion therapy. Journal of Biomedical Optics. CrossRef Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, M., Wróbel, M. S., Galla, S., Popov, A. P., Bykov, A. V., Tuchin, V. V., & Cenian, A. (2015). Investigation of photothermolysis therapy of human skin diseases using optical phantoms. In Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. CrossRef Brown A. M., et al.: Optical material characterization through BSDF measurement and analysis, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 7792, 2010 CrossRef 4-Axis Controller: iMC-S8. Operating Instruction. ISEL Germany AG, 2012. DirectLink Konica Minolta, Inc. (2005-2013). Chroma meter CS-200. Datasheet. DirectLink Malacara D.: Color Vision and Colorimetry; Theory and Applications, SPIE Press, 2002. DirectLink A. Mazikowski, M. Trojanowski: Measurements of Spectral Spatial Distribution of Scattering Materials for Rear Projection Screens used in Virtual Reality Systems, Metrology and Measurement Systems, 20 (3), pp. 443 - 452, 2013 CrossRef
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Strzałka, Dominik. "Some preliminary results of memory cache analysis with the use of non-extensive." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio AI – Informatica 16, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ai.2016.16.2.43.
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<p>The problem of modeling different parts of computer systems requires accurate statistical tools. Cache memory systems is an inherent part of nowadays computer systems, where the memory hierarchical structure plays a key point role in behavior and performance of the whole system. In the case of Windows operating systems, cache memory is a place in memory subsystem where the I/O system puts recently used data from disk. In paper some preliminary results about statistical behavior of one selected system counter behavior are presented. Obtained results shown that the real phenomena, which have appeared during human-computer interaction, can be expressed in terms of non-extensive statistics that is related to Tsallis proposal of new entropy definition.</p>
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Meng, Xiangfei, Pei Zhang, and Dahai Zhang. "Decision Tree for Online Voltage Stability Margin Assessment Using C4.5 and Relief-F Algorithms." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153824.
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In practical power system operation, knowing the voltage stability limits of the system is important. This paper proposes using a decision tree (DT) to extract guidelines through offline study results for assessing system voltage stability status online. Firstly, a sample set of DTs is determined offline by active power injection and bus voltage magnitude (P-V) curve analysis. Secondly, participation factor (PF) analysis and the Relief-F algorithm are used successively for attribute selection, which takes both the physical significance and the classification capabilities into consideration. Finally, the C4.5 algorithm is used to build the DT because it is more suitable for handling continuous variables. A practical power system is implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed online voltage stability margin (VSM) assessment framework. Study results indicate that the operating guidelines extracted from the DT can help power system operators assess real time VSM effectively.
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Gunawan, Heri. "ANCAMAN KEAMANAN JARINGAN PADA SERVER UNTUK MEMBATASI WEBSITE TERTENTU MENGGUNAKAN MIKROTIK." INOVA-TIF 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/inova-tif.v1i2.2749.
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<p><em>Mikrotik RouterOs ™ is an operating system and software that can be used to make a computer a reliable network router, designed to provide convenience for its users, the administration can be done through Windows application (Winbox), The server is a computer system that provides certain types of services (services) in a computer network, the server is supported by a processor that is scalable and a large ram is also equipped with a special operating system, called a (network operating system). The internet provides a lot of useful content if the user uses the internet well, besides that the<strong> </strong>internet can also have a negative impact on its users if the internet is used for negative things which will affect the young generation who will embrace this country to be the successor of this nation. outside the prevailing norms. Today the internet has many different types of social networking sites that have been used by many people, the goal or One of the solutions is that internet users do not access the negative or self-detrimental effects, using the Scientific of Inquiry method by limiting access to websites Specifically for prevention efforts in accessing negative internet sites in this case containing pornographic content is by blocking these negative sites permanently using a web proxy that serves to block some websites that cannot be accessed by clients through a browser on the Mikrotik Faculty of Engineering routers Ibn Khaldun Universit</em></p>
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Li, Sansan, and Dongxian Zhou. "The Construction of Immersive Learning System Based on Virtual Testing Technology of Virtual Reality." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9656578.
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Objective. To explore the construction of immersive learning system based on virtual reality (VR) and test its learning effect. Methods. 20 qualified subjects were divided into two groups, each tending to agree, each with 5 boys and 5 girls. Experimental group 1 is in the real operating environment, and experimental group 2 is in the VR virtual disassembly experimental environment. The task process errors, knowledge questionnaire scores and user subjective satisfaction were analyzed statistically. Results. The significance probability P of knowledge questionnaire in the Levene test was 0.777, greater than 0.05, and the variance homogeneous, so the final P of independent sample t -test was subject to “assumed variance equal”; the significance probability was 0.613, greater than 0.05; the questionnaire scores of two groups showed no significant difference, so VR virtual environment can achieve the learning effect of the real environment. The number of errors in a VR virtual situation is significantly lower than the number of errors in the real environment, the VR virtual environment can achieve the learning effect of the real environment, and the VR virtual environment can achieve more interaction, with good interaction. Conclusion. The immersive learning system based on VR detection technology can realize the cognition of three-dimensional model structure and has a certain learning effect.
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Martínez-Márquez, Camilo I., Jackson D. Twizere-Bakunda, David Lundback-Mompó, Salvador Orts-Grau, Francisco J. Gimeno-Sales, and Salvador Seguí-Chilet. "Small Wind Turbine Emulator Based on Lambda-Cp Curves Obtained under Real Operating Conditions." Energies 12, no. 13 (June 26, 2019): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132456.
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This paper proposes a new on-site technique for the experimental characterization of small wind systems by emulating the behavior of a wind tunnel facility. Due to the high cost and complexity of these facilities, many manufacturers of small wind systems do not have a well knowledge of the characteristic λ - C p curve of their turbines. Therefore, power electronics converters connected to the wind generator are usually programmed with speed/power control curves that do not optimize the power generation. The characteristic λ - C p curves obtained through the proposed method will help manufacturers to obtain optimized speed/power control curves. In addition, a low cost small wind emulator has been designed. Programmed with the experimental λ - C p curve, it can validate, improve, and develop new control algorithms to maximize the energy generation. The emulator is completed with a new graphic user interface that monitors in real time both the value of the λ - C p coordinate and the operating point on the 3D working surface generated with the characteristic λ - C p curve obtained from the real small wind system. The proposed method has been applied to a small wind turbine commercial model. The experimental results demonstrate that the point of operation obtained with the emulator is always located on the 3D surface, at the same coordinates (rotor speed/wind speed/power) as the ones obtained experimentally, validating the designed emulator.
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Ende, Holly B., Michael G. Richardson, Brandon M. Lopez, and Jonathan P. Wanderer. "Improving ACGME Compliance for Obstetric Anesthesiology Fellows Using an Automated Email Notification System." Applied Clinical Informatics 12, no. 03 (May 2021): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730323.
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Abstract Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education establishes minimum case requirements for trainees. In the subspecialty of obstetric anesthesiology, requirements for fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal procedures pose a particular challenge due to the physical location remote from labor and delivery and frequent last-minute scheduling. Objectives In response to this challenge, we implemented an informatics-based notification system, with the aim of increasing fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal surgeries. Methods In December 2014 an automated email notification system to inform obstetric anesthesiology fellows of scheduled nonobstetric surgeries in pregnant patients was initiated. Cases were identified via daily automated query of the preoperative evaluation database looking for structured documentation of current pregnancy. Information on flagged cases including patient medical record number, operating room location, and date and time of procedure were communicated to fellows via automated email daily. Median fellow participation in nonobstetric antenatal procedures per quarter before and after implementation were compared using an exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test due to low baseline absolute counts. The fraction of antenatal cases representing nonobstetric procedures completed by fellows before and after implementation was compared using a Fisher's exact test. Results The number of nonobstetric antenatal cases logged by fellows per quarter increased significantly following implementation, from median 0[0,1] to 3[1,6] cases/quarter (p = 0.007). Additionally, nonobstetric antenatal cases completed by fellows as a percentage of total antenatal cases completed increased from 14% in preimplementation years to 52% in postimplementation years (p < 0.001). Conclusion Through an automated email system to identify nonobstetric antenatal procedures in pregnant patients, we were able to increase the number of these cases completed by fellows during 3 years following implementation.
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Rios, Mario A., and Maria F. Perez. "Heuristic remedial actions in the reliability assessment of high voltage direct current networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 4622. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4622-4633.
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<p>Planning of high voltage direct current (HVDC) grids requires inclusion of reliability assessment of alternatives under study. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the adequacy of voltage source converter/VSC-HVDC networks. The methodology analyses the performance of the system using N-1 and N-2 contingencies in order to detect weaknesses in the DC network and evaluates two types of remedial actions to keep the entire system under the acceptable operating limits. The remedial actions are applied when a violation of these limits on the DC system occurs; those include topology changes in the network and adjustments of power settings of VSC converter stations. The CIGRE B4 DC grid test system is used for evaluating the reliability/adequacy performance by means of the proposed methodology in this paper. The proposed remedial actions are effective for all contingencies; then, numerical results are as expected. This work is useful for planning and operation of grids based on VSC-HVDC technology.</p>
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Liu, Hongyun, Fulai Peng, Minlu Hu, Jinlong Shi, Guojing Wang, Haiming Ai, and Weidong Wang. "Development and Validation of a Photoplethysmography System for Noninvasive Monitoring of Hemoglobin Concentration." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2020 (January 18, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3034260.
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Background. Traditional invasive hemoglobin (Hb) detection led to delayed diagnosis, operational inefficiency, incorrect critical decision making, and uncomfortable patient experience. To facilitate real-time total hemoglobin (tHb) monitoring, a portable prototype of a noninvasive Hb detection system was developed, and the accuracy of Hb predicted based on partial least squares (PLS) as well as backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models was validated. Results. The prototype was combined with a signal processing circuit and a spectrophotometric probe containing 8 wavelength LEDs light source and photodiode array. Laboratory invasive Hb (Lab_tHb) and spot check Hb measurements with PLS (SpHb_PLS) and BP (SpHb_BP) methods were obtained simultaneously by hematology analyzer and the designed system. The invasive and noninvasive estimates of the Hb levels were analyzed using Spearman correlation as well as Bland–Altman plot and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A total of 238 volunteers had attempted laboratory invasive and noninvasive spot check Hb measurements. Mean Lab_tHb, SpHb_PLS, and SpHb_BP were 13.6 ± 1.80 g/dL, 13.5 ± 1.07 g/dL, and 13.6 ± 1.06 g/dL, respectively. Noninvasive SpHb_PLS (r = 0.61, p<0.001) and SpHb_BP (r = 0.62, p<0.001) had a strong correlation with invasive tHb values. The Bland–Altman plot showed excellent consistency between the proposed noninvasive methods and laboratory invasive reference. In ROC analysis, PLS and BP models were good at predicting Hb ≥ 12 g/dL with area under the curve of 0.828 and 0.824, respectively. Observed differences between invasive and noninvasive Hb measurements displayed no significant correlation with perfusion index values. Conclusions. The result confirmed that noninvasive Hb monitoring had an excellent correlation with traditional invasive Hb measurement. Furthermore, it is suggested that the developed prototype has the potential for the noninvasive detection of Hb concentration with the methods of PLS and BP-ANN.
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Adiono, Trio, Syifaul Fuada, and Rosmianto Aji Saputro. "Rapid Development of System-on-Chip (SoC) for Network-Enabled Visible Light Communications." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v6i1.8098.
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<p class="0abstract">Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an emerging optical communication technology with rapid development nowadays. VLC is considered as a compliment and successor of radio-frequency (RF) wireless communication. There are various typical implementations of VLC in which one of them is for exchanging data TCP/IP packets, thus the user can browse the internet as in established Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technology. Briefly, we can call it by Light fidelity (Li-Fi). This paper described the design and implementation of System-on-Chip (SoC) subsystem for Li-Fi application where the implemented SoC consists of hardware (H/W) and software (S/W). In the H/W aspect, Physical Layer (PHY) is made by using UART communication with Ethernet connection to communicate with Host/Device personal-computer (PC). In the S/W aspect, Xillinux operating system (OS) is used. The H/W- as well as S/W-SoC, are realized in FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 EPP development board. The functional test result shows (without optical channel or Zybo-to-Zybo only) that the implemented SoC is working as expected. It is able to exchange TCP/IP packets between two PCs. Moreover, Ethernet connection has bandwidth up to 83.6 Mbps and PHY layer <em>baud rate</em> has bandwidth up to 921600 bps.</p>
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Makrygiorgou, Jemma J., and Antonio T. Alexandridis. "Power Electronic Control Design for Stable EV Motor and Battery Operation during a Route." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101990.
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Electric vehicles (EVs), during a route, should normally operate at the desired speed by effectively controlling the power that flows between their batteries and the electric motor/generator. To implement this task, in this paper, the voltage source AC/DC converter is considered as a controlled power interface between the electric machine and the output of the DC storage device; the DC/DC converter is used to automatically regulate the battery operating condition in accordance to the profile of the acting on the vehicle wheels, unknown external torque. Particularly, the speed is continuously regulated by the vehicle driver via the pedal while all other regulations for absorbing or regenerating energy are internally controlled. The driver command is acting as speed reference input on a PI outer-loop motor speed controller which, in its turn, drives a fast P inner-loop current controller operating in cascaded mode. In a similar manner, the machine and the battery performance are self-regulated by a pure PI current controller that achieves maximum electric torque per ampere operation of the motor and by a PI/P cascaded scheme for the DC-voltage/battery–current regulation, respectively. In order to exclude any possibility of instabilities and adverse impacts between the different parts, a rigorous analysis is deployed on the complete electromechanical system that involves the motor, the batteries, the converter dynamic models and the proposed controllers. Modeling the system in Euler–Lagrange nonlinear form and applying sequentially suitable Lyapunov techniques and the time-scale separation principle, a systematic method for tuning the gains of the inner- and outer-loop controllers is derived. Therefore, the proposed controller design procedure guarantees asymptotic stability by considering the accurate system model as a whole. Finally, the proposed approach is validated by simulating realistic route conditions, performed under unknown external torque variations.
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Mohamed, Mohamed Abd-El-Hakeem. "The Linear Model of a PV moduel." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp900-906.
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<p>This paper propose a new approach to determine a linear mathematical model of a PV moduel based on an accurate nonlinear model . In this study, electrical parameters at only one operating condition are calculated based on an accurate model. Then, first-order Taylor series approximations apply on the nonlinear model to estimate the proposed model at any operating conditionts. The proposed method determines the number of iteration times. This decreases calculation time and the speed of numerical convergence will be increased. And, it is observed that owing to this method, the system converged and the problem of failing to solve the system because of inappropriate initial values is eliminated. The proposed model is requested in order to allow photovoltaic plants simulations using low-cost computer platforms. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated for different temperature and irradiance values through conducting a comparison between result of the proposed model and experimental results obtained from the module data-sheet information.</p>
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A. Alahmadi, Ahmad. "Developing a wireless real-time automated home approach utilizing NI MyRIO microcontroller board and LabVIEW platform." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1273-1278.
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<p>In this paper, a design process and a hardware implementation for a wireless real-time home automation system approach based on NI MyRIO microcontroller board and LabVIEW platform has been developed. The proposed automated system has two hardware elements: the first one is a personal computer as a system main server hosting the designed LabVIEW platform and the second element is a NI MyRIO microcontroller board for managing the operating between the appliances and the sensors. The appliances can be automatically monitored, controlled, and accessed in response to the signals from the related sensors or manually by the system end-user through smart phone based on Wi-Fi and cloud computing technology. To approve the reliability of the proposed automated system, a hardware realization for three appliances: temperature management, light energy saving, and biometric security system of face recognition with fingerprint check has been introduced. The proposed system has a simple structure, economically cost effective and flexible scaling up for a proper automated home future.</p>
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Obaid, Waleed, Abdul-Kadir Hamid, Chaouki Ghenai, and Mamdouh El Haj Assad. "Design of a thermoelectric energy source for water pumping applications: A case study in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 4751. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4751-4758.
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<p>There are many water pumping power systems that exist nowadays relying on conventional and renewable energy sources such as mechanical windmills, solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, and diesel generators. Few designs utilize thermoelectric modules for the purpose of enhancing the reliability and the performance of the system in order to provide water supply to isolated zones continuously. The use of thermoelectric (TE) modules is increasing due to their reduced prices and the possibility of using them in different applications depending on the required specifications of motors and other connected loads. This paper proposes a renewable energy system design for water pumping applications in Sharjah (Latitude 25.29°N and Longitude 55°E), United Arab Emirates. The system involves TE modules for operating the three-phase AC water pumping motor, voltage regulator, voltage boost converter, and three-phase power inverter while considering the changes of temperature values which affect the performance of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) modules. The aim is integrating TEG modules to cover the increasing demand of water in rural areas since rainy days in Sharjah are limited and the temperature is high. The performances of the proposed system will be demonstrated using Simulink simulations for the overall blocks of the proposed system.</p>
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Liu, Xianping, Xiaodong Ju, Wenxiao Qiao, Junqiang Lu, Baiyong Men, Kai Zhang, and Yongchao Yao. "Research on Test-bench for Sonic Logging Tool." Earth Sciences Research Journal 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n1.54141.
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<p>In this paper, the test-bench for sonic logging tool is proposed and designed to realize automatic calibration and testing of the sonic logging tool. The test-bench System consists of Host Computer, Embedded Controlling Board, and functional boards. The Host Computer serves as the Human Machine Interface (HMI) and processes uploaded data. The software running on Host Computer is designed on VC++, which is developed based on multithreading, Dynamic Linkable Library (DLL) and Multiple Document Interface (MDI) techniques. The Embedded Controlling Board uses ARM7 as the microcontroller and communicates with Host Computer via Ethernet. The Embedded Controlling Board software is realized based on embedded uclinux operating system with a layered architecture. The functional boards are designed based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and provide test interfaces for the logging tool. The functional board software is divided into independent sub-modules that can repeatedly be used by various functional boards and then integrated those sub-modules in the top layer. With the layered architecture and modularized design, the software system is highly reliable and extensible. With the help of designed system, a test has been conducted quickly and successfully on the electronic receiving cabin of the sonic logging tool. It demonstrated that the system could greatly improve the production efficiency of the sonic logging tool.</p>
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Sirviö, Katja H., Hannu Laaksonen, Kimmo Kauhaniemi, and Nikos Hatziargyriou. "Evolution of the Electricity Distribution Networks—Active Management Architecture Schemes and Microgrid Control Functionalities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062793.
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The power system transition to smart grids brings challenges to electricity distribution network development since it involves several stakeholders and actors whose needs must be met to be successful for the electricity network upgrade. The technological challenges arise mainly from the various distributed energy resources (DERs) integration and use and network optimization and security. End-customers play a central role in future network operations. Understanding the network’s evolution through possible network operational scenarios could create a dedicated and reliable roadmap for the various stakeholders’ use. This paper presents a method to develop the evolving operational scenarios and related management schemes, including microgrid control functionalities, and analyzes the evolution of electricity distribution networks considering medium and low voltage grids. The analysis consists of the dynamic descriptions of network operations and the static illustrations of the relationships among classified actors. The method and analysis use an object-oriented and standardized software modeling language, the unified modeling language (UML). Operational descriptions for the four evolution phases of electricity distribution networks are defined and analyzed by Enterprise Architect, a UML tool. This analysis is followed by the active management architecture schemes with the microgrid control functionalities. The graphical models and analysis generated can be used for scenario building in roadmap development, real-time simulations, and management system development. The developed method, presented with high-level use cases (HL-UCs), can be further used to develop and analyze several parallel running control algorithms for DERs providing ancillary services (ASs) in the evolving electricity distribution networks.
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Bednarz and Dybkowski. "Estimation of the Induction Motor Stator and Rotor Resistance Using Active and Reactive Power Based Model Reference Adaptive System Estimator." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 5145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235145.
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In this paper an induction motor parameters estimator, based on the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS), is presented and described. A comprehensive literature study on MRAS type parameters estimators for induction motors is also provided. The authors propose a novel PQ-MRAS estimator concept which enables the simultaneous calculation of stator and rotor resistances in the induction machine, which is its major advantage over previous investigations. The estimator employs the active (P) and reactive (Q) power of the machine which is calculated by the only measurable signals, such as stator voltage and current. The paper includes a detailed description of the proposed estimator. The PQ-MRAS was tested for various operating conditions of a drive system with the induction motor. The results obtained from computer simulation tests were verified on the laboratory set up with a DS1202 card.
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Warguła, Łukasz, Mateusz Kukla, Piotr Lijewski, Michał Dobrzyński, and Filip Markiewicz. "Influence of Innovative Woodchipper Speed Control Systems on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Areas." Energies 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133330.
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This paper discusses the determination of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions when shredding branches in urban areas. It aimed to determine the hourly emission of exhaust gases to the atmosphere during such work and to identify the designs that can reduce it. The research was carried out with a cylinder woodchipper driven by a low-power (9.5 kW) combustion engine. There were three configurations of the tested drive unit: The factory setting (A) with a carburettor fuel supply system, modernized by us to include an electronic injection system (B). This system (B) was expanded with an adaptation system patented by the authors (P. 423369), thus creating the third configuration (C). The research was carried out when shredding cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4:17. 1789 (Gartenkalender 4:189-204. 1784)) branches with a diameter of 80 mm, which presented a large load for the machine. The machine was operated by one experienced operator. The average operating conditions during the tests were as follows: Branch delivery frequency of about 4 min−1 and mass flow rate of about 0.72 t h−1. During the tests with the use of PEMS (portable emissions measurement system, here Axion RS from Global MRV), we analyzed the emissions of compounds, such as CO, CO2, HC, and NOx, and determined the fuel consumption based on the carbon balance. The research showed that the use of an injection system (B) reduced fuel consumption from 1.38 to 1.29 l h−1 (by 6.7%) when compared to the carburettor system (A). Modernization of the injection system (B) with an adaptive system (C) reduced fuel consumption from 1.38 to 0.91 l h−1 (by 34%) when compared to the carburettor system (A). An hour of shredding with a cylinder chopper emits the following amounts of flue gases: design A (HC 0.013 kg h−1; CO 0.24 kg h−1; CO2 2.91 kg h−1; NOx 0.0036 kg h−1), design B (HC 0.0061 kg h−1; CO 0.20 kg h−1; CO2 2.77 kg h−1; NOx 0.0038 kg h−1), and design C (HC 0.017 kg h−1; CO 0.22 kg h−1; CO2 1.79 kg h−1; NOx 0.0030 kg h−1). The adaptive system entails significant reductions in non-HC emissions, which indicates that the system needs to be improved with respect to fuel-air mixture control for its enrichment of the low-to-high-speed change. The admissible emission limits for harmful compounds in exhaust gas for the tested group of propulsion units are in accordance with the provisions in force in the European Union from 2019 for the tested propulsion units during operation, with a full CO load about 6100 g h−1 and HC + NOx about 80 g h−1. The tested propulsion units emitted significantly less pollution under real operating conditions (because they did not work under full load throughout the entire test sample).
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Gul, Saba, Azhar Ul Haq, Marium Jalal, Almas Anjum, and Ihsan Ullah Khalil. "A Unified Approach for Analysis of Faults in Different Configurations of PV Arrays and Its Impact on Power Grid." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010156.
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Fault analysis in photovoltaic (PV) arrays is considered important for improving the safety and efficiency of a PV system. Faults do not only reduce efficiency but are also detrimental to the life span of a system. Output can be greatly affected by PV technology, configuration, and other operating conditions. Thus, it is important to consider the impact of different PV configurations and materials for thorough analysis of faults. This paper presents a detailed investigation of faults including non-uniform shading, open circuit and short circuit in different PV interconnections including Series-Parallel (SP), Honey-Comb (HC) and Total-cross-Tied (TCT). A special case of multiple faults in PV array under non-uniform irradiance is also investigated to analyze their combined impact on considered different PV interconnections. In order to be more comprehensive, we have considered monocrystalline and thin-film PV to analyze faults and their impact on power grids. Simulations are conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, and the obtained results in terms of power(P)–voltage(V) curve are compared and discussed. It is found that utilization of thin-film PV technology with appropriated PV interconnections can minimize the impact of faults on a power grid with improved performance of the system.
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Dzimitrowicz, Anna, Piotr Jamroz, Pawel Pohl, Weronika Babinska, Dominik Terefinko, Wojciech Sledz, and Agata Motyka-Pomagruk. "Multivariate Optimization of the FLC-dc-APGD-Based Reaction-Discharge System for Continuous Production of a Plasma-Activated Liquid of Defined Physicochemical and Anti-Phytopathogenic Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 4813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094813.
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To the present day, no efficient plant protection method against economically important bacterial phytopathogens from the Pectobacteriaceae family has been implemented into agricultural practice. In this view, we have performed a multivariate optimization of the operating parameters of the reaction-discharge system, employing direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge, generated in contact with a flowing liquid cathode (FLC-dc-APGD), for the production of a plasma-activated liquid (PAL) of defined physicochemical and anti-phytopathogenic properties. As a result, the effect of the operating parameters on the conductivity of PAL acquired under these conditions was assessed. The revealed optimal operating conditions, under which the PAL of the highest conductivity was obtained, were as follows: flow rate of the solution equaled 2.0 mL min−1, the discharge current was 30 mA, and the inorganic salt concentration (ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3) in the solution turned out to be 0.50% (m/w). The developed PAL exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties toward Dickeya solani IFB0099 and Pectobacterium atrosepticum IFB5103 strains, with minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations equaling 25%. After 24 h exposure to 25% PAL, 100% (1−2 × 106) of D. solani and P. atrosepticum cells lost viability. We attributed the antibacterial properties of PAL to the presence of deeply penetrating, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which were, in this case, OH, O, O3, H2O2, HO2, NH, N2, N2+, NO2−, NO3−, and NH4+. Putatively, the generated low-cost, eco-friendly, easy-to-store, and transport PAL, exhibiting the required antibacterial and physicochemical properties, may find numerous applications in the plant protection sector.
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Mosaed, Sameh, Ryka Vahidi, and Ken Y. Lin. "Effect of music tempo on operating room preparation time." Journal of Perioperative Practice 30, no. 5 (November 12, 2018): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750458918808151.
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Most operating rooms around the world play music, both during the surgeries and in between cases. We investigated whether music tempo (fast or slow) can affect the operating room preparation time in between surgeries (turnover time) in an ambulatory outpatient surgical centre setting. We compiled two playlists, one with fast upbeat tempo and the other with slow relaxing tempo. Each of the playlists was played throughout the workday in the operating room for one week with the same surgeon and nursing staff. The turnover times for each case were analysed. Inclusion criteria were standard cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant surgery. Exclusion criteria were any external reasons causing delays in the turnover time (such as anaesthesia team break time, computer system down, etc.). The turnover time from 32 cases in the slow group and 26 cases in the fast group were compared with Student’s t test. The turnover time was significantly faster in the fast group versus the slow group (17.0 ± 0.60 vs. 20.1 ± 0.96, p < 0.03). Our study demonstrated that fast music tempo in the operating room can significantly reduce turnover time. This improved efficiency could potentially lead to significant cost savings in the healthcare sector.
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Marwiyah, M., R. Rusijono, and Fajar Arianto. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAI BASED ANDROID IN SOLAR SYSTEM AND UNIVERSE TOPIC FOR TENTH-GRADE." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.9824.
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The aim of the research to generate learning media, thus the media development will assist students to understand the content during the learning process. Besides establishing a product, the manual guide was also arranged. The method used was Research and Development (R & D) model, the validation result of content expert I and II obtain a very good category and media experts I and II also obtain a very good category. The result of individual test is categorized very well with percentage of 91.01%, the result of small group test is categorized very well with percentage of 91.43 %, the result of the large group test is categorized very well with percentage of 89.60%. Hence, based on the result of Android-based CAI media development of Geography in solar system and universe topic of tenth-grade in Al-Iftitahiyah High School needs to be developed and utilized as a learning media that could support the teaching and learning process.
Keywords: Development, CAI Based on Android, Geography
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Wang, Congke, Yankui Liu, Peiyu Zhang, and Guoqing Yang. "Two-Stage Distributionally Robust Optimization for a Two-Allocation p-Hub Median Problem." Journal of Uncertain Systems 14, no. 01 (March 2021): 2150004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1752890921500045.
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This paper presents a novel two-stage distributionally robust optimization model of the two-allocation p-hub median problem with different hub link scales. With the objective of minimizing overall costs of building and operating the hub network, the choices of hub locations and hub link scales are decided in the first stage, while the optimal flows are determined in the second stage once the uncertain demands have been realized. Before establishing the hub network, we just have partial distribution information about the uncertain flow demands, which can be described by a given perturbation set based on the historical information. Due to the ambiguous distributions leading to a computationally intractable model, we reformulate the proposed model into the tractable robust counterpart forms under two types of uncertainty sets (Box[Formula: see text]ellipsoidal perturbation set and Generalized ellipsoidal perturbation set). Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability for our model, we conduct a case study for the express network system in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.
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Bjaoui, Marwen, Brahim Khiari, Ridha Benadli, Mouad Memni, and Anis Sellami. "Practical Implementation of the Backstepping Sliding Mode Controller MPPT for a PV-Storage Application." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 3539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183539.
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This study presents a design and an implementation of a robust Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system with battery storage. A new control scheme is applied for the boost converter based on the combination of the adaptive perturb and observe fuzzy logic controller (P&O-FLC) MPPT technique and the backstepping sliding mode control (BS-SMC) approach. The MPPT controller design was used to accurately track the PV operating point to its maximum power point (MPP) under changing climatic conditions. The presented MPPT based on the P&O-FLC technique generates the reference PV voltage and then a cascade control loop type, based on the BS-SMC approach is used. The aims of this approach are applied to regulate the inductor current and then the PV voltage to its reference values. In order to reduce system costs and complexity, a high gain observer (HGO) was designed, based on the model of the PV system, to estimate online the real value of the boost converter’s inductor current. The performance and the robustness of the BS-SMC approach are evaluated using a comparative simulation with a conventional proportional integral (PI) controller implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only provides a near-perfect tracking performance (dynamic response, overshoot, steady-state error), but also offers greater robustness and stability than the conventional PI controller. Experimental results fitted with dSPACE software reveal that the PV module could reach the MPP and achieve the performance and robustness of the designed BS-SMC MPPT controller.
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Tran, Quynh T. T., Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Gaetano Zizzo, Maria Luisa Di Silvestre, Tung Lam Nguyen, and Quoc-Tuan Tran. "Real-Time Minimization Power Losses by Driven Primary Regulation in Islanded Microgrids." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020451.
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Islanded microgrids are small networks that work independently from the main grid. The frequency and voltage in islanded microgrids are affected directly by the output power of distributed generators and power demand variations. In this work, a real-time driven primary regulation, which relies on optimized P-f droop coefficients, is proposed. In all operating conditions, it minimizes the power losses for islanded microgrids. The proposed configuration will allow the optimization modules to interact with each other and adjust parameters producing a suitable power sharing among generators. The methodology is tested based on a hardware-in-the-loop experimental set-up where distributed generators are connected to a group of loads. A parametric analysis is implemented for verification of the effectiveness of the proposed configuration as well as the improvement of the system reliability.
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Oktarina, Rahmi, Ambiyar -, M. Giatman -, Fadhilah -, Mukhlidi Muskhir, and Hansi Effendi. "The Effect of The Use of Multimedia Flip Book With the Flipped Classroom Approach in Vocational School." Journal of Education Technology 5, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i1.31435.
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The problem encountered in learning operating system teaching materials majoring in network computer engineering is the lack of creativity in students' thinking skills so that they experience obstacles in the practical process. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest Control Group Design. Data collection techniques using tests. The pre-test was carried out at the beginning to see the students' initial abilities before being given treatment, the post-test was carried out to test the effectiveness or compliance of the application of the treatment. In this study, the data analysis technique used 3 statistical tests, (1) normality test, (2) homogeneity test and (3) hypothesis testing. Through the use of hypothesis testing to show the results of H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted with a significance level of 5% so that the value is (P <0.05). The conclusion is that the use of the Flip book Multimedia with the Flipped Classroom approach is able to improve the thinking skills of students majoring in network computer engineering in the operating system subject. So that later research can be applied to other subjects to help the learning process and increase the creativity of vocational high school students.
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Tan, Bicheng, Xin Ke, Dachuan Tang, and Sheng Yin. "Improved Perturb and Observation Method Based on Support Vector Regression." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 25, 2019): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061151.
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Solar energy is the most valuable renewable energy source due to its abundant storage and is pollution-free. The output power of photovoltaic (PV) arrays will vary with external conditions, such as irradiance and temperature fluctuations. Therefore, an increase in the energy conversion rate is inseparable from maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The existing MPPT technology cannot either balance the tracking speed and tracking accuracy, or the implementation cost is too high due to the complexity of the calculation. In this paper, a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method was proposed. It improves the traditional perturb and observation (P&O) method by introducing the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm. In this method, the current maximum power point voltage is predicted by the trained model and compared with the current operating voltage to predict a reasonable step size. The boost DC/ DC (Direct current-Direct current converter) convert system applying the improved method and the traditional P&O was simulated in MATLAB-Simulink, respectively. The results of the simulation show that compared with the traditional P&O method, the proposed new method both improves the convergence time and tracking accuracy.
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Bleier, M., C. Almeida, A. Ferreira, R. Pereira, B. Matias, J. Almeida, J. Pidgeon, et al. "3D UNDERWATER MINE MODELLING IN THE ¡VAMOS! PROJECT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W10 (April 17, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w10-39-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The project Viable Alternative Mine Operating System (¡VAMOS!) develops a novel underwater mining technique for extracting inland mineral deposits in flooded open-cut mines. From a floating launch and recovery vessel a remotely-operated underwater mining vehicle with a roadheader cutting machine is deployed. The cut material is transported to the surface via a flexible riser hose. Since there is no direct intervisibility between the operator and the mining machine, the data of the sensor systems can only be perceived via a computer interface. Therefore, part of the efforts in the project focus on enhancing the situational awareness of the operator by providing a 3D model of the mine combined with representations of the mining equipment and sensor data. We present a method how a positioning and navigation system, perception system and mapping system can be used to create a replica of the physical system and mine environment in Virtual Reality (VR) in order to assist remote control. This approach is beneficial because it allows visualizing different sensor information and data in a consistent interface, and enables showing the complete context of the mining site even if only part of the mine is currently observed by surveying equipment. We demonstrate how the system is used during tele-operation and show results achieved during the field trials of the complete system in Silvermines, Ireland.</p>
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Setiawan, Andi, Hajime Miyauchi, Ardyono Priyadi, and Maurdhi Purnomo. "MIMO Fuzzy to Improve Search Speed and Reduce Oscillation in Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking of Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage." International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22266/ijies2021.0228.22.
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This paper presents the research results on a small scale compressed air energy storage (SS-CAES) operated at its maximum efficiency value in the discharged phase. This study used two methods to find the maximum efficiency; Standard Perturb and Observe (Standard P&O), and Multiple Input Multiple Output Fuzzy Perturb and Observe (MIMO Fuzzy P&O). The essential ideas of this study are to operate SS-CAES in its maximum efficiency in specific loading power and to improve the performance of standard P&O method in achieving maximum efficiency and reduce the oscillation amplitude of the efficiency value as well. To do this, in this study, we use two devices, namely a motorized valve to ensure sufficient power required for the load and a boost converter whose duty cycle will be adjusted so that the system can operate at its maximum efficiency. The study was conducted using a simulation model and compared these two methods performance for the same loading case. The experimental results reveal that the addition of the MIMO Fuzzy algorithm can improve the performance of the Standard P&O method in accelerating maximum efficiency achievement and reducing oscillations when the system has reached the maximum operating points. The performance improvement on the maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) in SS-CAES operations, evidenced by the increase in the average efficiency value in the given loading scenario of about 1.22%. Besides, the application of MIMO Fuzzy P&O also impacts reducing the amplitude of speed oscillations in the steady-state area, which is about half of the amplitude of speed oscillations that occur with the application of the standard P&O method. This proposed method also shows better performance than the MEPT method used in previous studies in terms of accelerating maximum efficiency achievement.
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Price, Donald C., and B. Elliott Short,. "Thermal Design of an Airborne Computer Chassis With Air-Cooled, Cast Pin Fin Coldwalls." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1839583.
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This paper documents the thermal design process required to provide effective thermal management for an airborne computer, consisting of 24 modules (two P/S modules and 22 PWB modules), which are edge-cooled to two cast, pin fin coldwalls. The computer chassis is mounted in an electronics pod mounted underneath the centerline of an aircraft. The pod consists of several electronics bays and a self-contained, air-cycle, environmental control system (ECS). The computer chassis is mounted in the forward bay, and the ECS is mounted in the rear bay of the electronics pod. The ECS is an air-cycle refrigeration system, which operates on captured ram air directed by an inlet/diffuser to an expansion turbine. This turbine produces low-pressure, chilled air, which is then directed through an air-to-liquid, load heat exchanger to produce chilled liquid. The chilled liquid is piped through small liquid lines to the forward bay of the pod, where the air-cooled computer chassis is located. The chilled liquid is converted back to chilled air in an air-to-liquid heat exchanger. The chilled air is supplied to the forward bay volume and is drawn through the computer chassis coldwalls by a fan integral to the computer chassis. The temperature of the chilled air, produced in this manner, becomes a strong function of the altitude and flight speed of the aircraft, because of the effect of these two parameters on the ram air mass flow rate and temperature at the inlet to the expansion turbine. The mass flow of the air used to cool the chassis is also a variable, because the density of the air is a function of the flight altitude and the fan has altitude-dependent operating characteristics. This fan provides the flow of air through the chassis. Emphasis is placed in the design process on the effect of the operating characteristics of the fan at altitude and the determination of the system performance curve associated with the pin fin coldwalls. This performance curve is controlled by the pressure drop characteristics of the pin fin coldwalls, which are a function of the Fanning f-factor and Colburn j-factor characteristics of the cast pin fin design. Design examples are used to demonstrate the design process.
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Andria, Andria, and Ridho Pamungkas. "Penetration Testing Database Menggunakan Metode SQL Injection Via SQLMap di Termux." Indonesian Journal of Applied Informatics 5, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijai.v5i1.40845.
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<p class="infAbstract"><em>Abstrak : </em></p><p class="infAbstract">Penetration testing (Pentesting) merupakan sebuah metode evaluasi terhadap keamanan pada suatu sistem dan jaringan komputer dengan melakukan suatu pengujian, salah satu metode pengujian yang dapat digunakan adalah SQL Injection. SQL Injection merupakan suatu teknik hacking dengan fokus pengujian pada database sebagai media penyimpanan data pada sistem. Tool yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah SQLMap yang merupakan tool open source yang dapat menganalisa, mendeteksi dan melakukan exploit (sebuah kode yang dapat menyerang keamanan sistem komputer secara spesifik) pada bug SQL Injection. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan perangkat Smartphone bersistem operasi Android dengan program aplikasi Termux sebagai emulator terminal berbasis linux. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk pengujian keamanan database web server dan membantu pengelola atau admin situs web untuk dapat memeriksa adanya celah kerentanan database yang dapat dieskploitasi oleh peretas.</p><p class="infAbstract">____________________________</p><p class="infAbstract">Abstract :</p><p><em>Penetration testing</em><em> (Pentest</em><em>ing</em><em>) is a method of evaluating the security of a computer system and network by conducting a test, one of the testing methods that can be used is SQL Injection . SQL Injection is a hacking technique that focuses on testing the database as a data storage medium on the system. The tool used in this study is SQLMap which is an open source tool that can analyze, detect and exploit (a code that can specifically attack computer system security) on the SQL Injection bug. Testing was carried out using a Smartphone device with the Android operating system with the Termux application program as a linux-based terminal emulator. The purpose of this research is to test the security of the web server database and help the website manager or admin to be able to check for any database vulnerabilities that can be exploited by hackers.</em></p><p class="infAbstract"><em><br /></em></p>
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Zanetti, Giorgio, Hugh L. Flanagan, Lawrence H. Cohn, Richard Giardina, and Richard Platt. "Improvement of Intraoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Prolonged Cardiac Surgery by Automated Alerts in the Operating Room." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502109.
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AbstractObjective:To assess the impact of an automated intraoperative alert to redose prophylactic antibiotics in prolonged cardiac operations.Design:Randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded trial.Setting:University-affiliated hospital.Patients:Patients undergoing cardiac surgery that lasted more than 4 hours after the preoperative administration of cefazolin, unless they were receiving therapeutic antibiotics at the time of surgery.Intervention:Randomization to an audible and visual reminder on the operating room computer console at 225 minutes after the administration of preoperative antibiotics (reminder group, n = 137) or control (n = 136). After another 30 minutes, the circulating nurse was required to indicate whether a follow-up dose of antibiotics had been administered.Results:Intraoperative redosing was significantly more frequent in the reminder group (93 of 137; 68%) than in the control group (55 of 136; 40%) (adjusted odds ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.97 to 5.56; P < .0001). The impact of the reminder was even greater when compared with the 6 months preceding the study period (129 of 480; 27%; P < .001), suggesting some spillover effect on the control group. Redosing was formally declined for 19 of the 44 patients in the reminder group without redosing. The rate of surgical-site infection in the reminder group (5 of 137; 4%) was similar to that in the control group (8 of 136; 6%; P = .42), but significantly lower than that in the pre-study period (48 of 480; 10%; P = .02).Conclusion:The use of an automatic reminder system in the operating room improved compliance with guidelines on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.
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Omer Farooq, Muhammad. "RIoT: A Routing Protocol for the Internet of Things†." Computer Journal 63, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 958–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaa012.
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Abstract The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is a standard routing framework for Internet of Things (IoT). It supports multipoint-to-point (MP-to-P), point-to-point (P-to-P) and point-to-multipoint (P-to-MP) communications. It is known that RPL’s control overhead can result in the protocol’s poor performance in P-to-P and P-to-MP communications especially in its non-storing mode of operation. Here, we present a routing protocol for the Internet of Things (RIoT) that supports MP-to-P, P-to-P and P-to-MP communications. The protocol can construct P-to-P and P-to-MP routes with relatively lower control overhead. Another salient feature of RIoT is that it supports multiple gateways in the same network with an aim to reduce memory requirement for storing a forwarding table. Furthermore, RIoT is also capable of handling mobility-based IoT use cases. To facilitate communication among nodes connected to different gateways in the same network, here we also present an inter-gateway communication mechanism. We implemented RIoT in the Contiki operating system, and it is extensively evaluated using emulation and real testbed-based experiments. We analyzed the impact of the number of gateways, radio duty cycling (RDC) and mobility on the routing protocols’ performance. Our results demonstrate that either with or without RDC RIoT demonstrates statistically significantly better packet delivery ratio, per-packet end-to-end delay and control overhead compared to the RPL-based protocol. RIoT’s multi-gateway communication architecture substantially reduces the memory requirement to store a forwarding table. Our results also demonstrate that multiple gateways in a network reduce the network partitioning problem in mobile scenarios. Hence, RIoT also demonstrates better performance in mobile scenarios compared to the RPL-based protocol.
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Pellegrino, Gerardo, Pierantonio Bellini, Pier Francesco Cavallini, Agnese Ferri, Andrea Zacchino, Valerio Taraschi, Claudio Marchetti, and Ugo Consolo. "Dynamic Navigation in Dental Implantology: The Influence of Surgical Experience on Implant Placement Accuracy and Operating Time. An in Vitro Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062153.
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Aim: the aim of this in vitro study was to test whether the implant placement accuracy and the operating time can be influenced by the operator’s experience. Materials and methods: sixteen models underwent a (Cone Beam Computer Tomography) CBCT and implant positioning was digitally planned on this. The models were randomly assigned to four operators with different levels of surgical experience. One hundred and twelve implant sites were drilled using a dynamic navigation system and operating times were measured. Based on postoperative CBCTs, dental implants were virtually inserted and superimposed over the planned ones. Two-dimensional and 3D deviations between planned and virtually inserted implants were measured at the entry point and at the apical point. Angular and vertical errors were also calculated. Results: considering coronal and apical 3D deviations, no statistically significant differences were found between the four operators (p = 0.27; p = 0.06). Some vectorial components of the deviation at the apical point and the angular errors of some operators differed from each other. Conclusions: within the limitations of this study, dynamic navigation can be considered a reliable technique both for experienced and novice clinicians.
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Bakko, Imad Matti, and Ruwaida Mohammed Yas. "Design and implementing a software tool to ensure undeadlock state by perfect distribution of resources' instances among competing processes." Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Technology 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2015): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/jacst.v4i2.4857.
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<p>In computer operating systems books, they explain and solve deadlock problems by declaring in advance the maximum needs of resources and their instances for each process, the total number of resources' instances, and the allocation of the resources' instances for each process. In this paper, we introduce an effective software tool to prove that it is not necessary to declare in advance the allocation of resources' instances for each process since we suggested and implement in the tool some equations to calculate and discover a suitable allocation of resources' instances to be distributed among competing processes in such a way that the computer system will never enter a deadlock state. In fact, the only necessary and sufficient conditions to solve deadlock problems are the total number of resources and their instances besides the maximum needs of resources and their instances for each process. The theory and details are explained with some examples in the contents.</p>