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Journal articles on the topic 'UF adhesive'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lubis, M. A. R., A. H. Iswanto, L. S. Hua, et al. "Post-modification of ultra-low molar ratio urea-formaldehyde adhesive with different types and levels of organic acid hardener." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1115, no. 1 (2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1115/1/012037.

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Abstract Ultra-low (UL) molar ratio urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive is a class of UL formaldehyde-emitting adhesive systems for wood-based panels. However, the UL molar ratio exhibits poor reactivity, low cohesion strength, and inferior adhesion. This study aimed to enhance the performance of UL molar ratio UF adhesive via post-modification with the addition of different types and levels of organic acid hardener, such as acetic acid (AA), maleic acid (MA) and citric acid (CA) at 3 and 5% level based on the theoretical solids content of UF adhesive. The solids content, gelation time, viscosity,

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2

Popovic, Mladjan, Nevena Vukic, Milanka Djiporovic-Momcilovic, et al. "Effects of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) addition on the curing kinetics of urea-formaldehyde adhesives for particleboards." Chemical Industry 76, no. 1 (2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind210914001p.

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Addition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) on the performances of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives was evaluated in this work. Three types of UF adhesives were prepared, one without PDDA addition, and two types with PDDA addition of 1 and 3 wt.% per dry UF adhesive mass. These UF adhesive systems were used for producing experimental particleboard panels. The addition of PDDA decreased the thickness swelling of the panel samples, while the internal bond of the particleboards increased significantly only at the highest PDDA content (3 wt.%). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

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3

Bekhta, Pavlo, Gregory Noshchenko, Roman Réh, et al. "Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 4875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174875.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using magnesium and sodium lignosulfonates (LS) in the production of particleboards, used pure and in mixtures with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) was used as a crosslinker. In order to evaluate the effect of gradual replacement of UF by magnesium lignosulfonate (MgLS) or sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) on the physical and mechanical properties, boards were manufactured in the laboratory with LS content varying from 0% to 100%. The effect of LS on the pH of lignosulfonate-urea-formaldehy

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4

Gavrilovic-Grmusa, Ivana, Jovan Miljkovic, Milanka Djiporovic-Momcilovic, and Gordana Radosevic. "Penetration of urea-formaldehyde adhesives in wood tissue, part I: Radial penetration of UF adhesives into beech." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 98 (2008): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0898039g.

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Adhesive penetration plays an important role in wood adhesion, since wood is a porous material. The degree of penetration mostly depends on the wood factors, resin type and formulation and processing parameters. Tangentially cut 5 mm thick beech wood (Fagus moesiaca) plies, 100 mm long (parallel to grain) and 30 mm wide, were prepared for this study. The urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive was applied to the surface of one ply. Two plies were assembled into sample so that the grains of two plies were parallel. Samples were pressed in a hydraulic press at 120?C and 0,7 MPa for 15 min. Microtome tes

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5

Nociar, Marek, Gengyang Pipíška, Pavlo Bekhta, Pavel Jiang, Erdeng Du, and Xiaoyong Wei. "Effect of wood species, bark particle size, and adhesive type on the properties of bark-based boards." BioResources 20, no. 2 (2025): 4044–67. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.2.4044-4067.

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Significant quantities of bark are generated during wood processing, with the majority being utilized for energy production and soil enhancement. This study investigated the influence of bark particle size and resin type (urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF)) on the properties of particleboards made from spruce and pine bark. Board samples were fabricated using different bark particle sizes (2 to 5 mm and 5 to 8 mm) and varying adhesive contents (5% and 7%) for both UF and MUF adhesives. Reference particleboards were manufactured using industrial wood particles with the

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6

Yang, Hongxing, Hao Wang, Guanben Du, et al. "Ureido Hyperbranched Polymer Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin as High-Performance Particleboard Adhesive." Materials 16, no. 11 (2023): 4021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16114021.

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The performance of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and its formaldehyde emission is a natural contradiction. High molar ratio UF resin performance is very good, but its formaldehyde release is high; low molar ratio UF resin formaldehyde release is reduced, but the resin itself performance becomes very bad. In order to solve this traditional problem, an excellent strategy of UF resin modified by hyperbranched polyurea is proposed. In this work, hyperbranched polyurea (UPA6N) is first synthesized by a simple method without any solvent. UPA6N is then added into industrial UF resin in different propo

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7

Moya, Róger, Ana Rodríguez-Zúñiga, and José Vega-Baudrit. "Effects of Adding Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on Performance of Polyvinyl Acetate and Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives in Tropical Timber Species." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/895650.

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Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with hydroxyl groups (MWCNTs-OH) have been incorporated into polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives utilized in tropical wood gluing. The Raman spectroscopy, the atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to describe the MWCNTs-OH. The adhesives were evaluated in three concentrations of MWCNTs-OH: 0% (control), 0.05%, and 0.1%. The evaluation included color, the distribution of MWCNTs-OH by TEM and AFM, thermal stability and viscosity of the adhesives, and shear strength (SS) of t

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8

Wang, Xi, Hui Zhao, Bo Zhang, Xiuchan Wen, Siyu Huang, and Weixing Gan. "The Removal of Formaldehyde from Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive by Sodium Borohydride Treatment and Its Application in Plywood." Polymers 16, no. 7 (2024): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16070969.

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The global production of plywood is constantly increasing as its application in the furniture and interior decoration industry becomes more widespread. An urgent issue is how to decrease the formaldehyde released from plywood, considering its carcinogenic effect on humans and harm to the environment. Reducing the free formaldehyde content of the urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives used in the preparation process is considered an effective method. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a new type of formaldehyde scavengers. Here, the strongly reducing substance sodium borohydride was used to reduc

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9

Zhang, Hao, Ying She, Shu Ping Song, and Jun Wen Pu. "Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose Used for Improving Formaldehyde Emission and Bonding Strength of Urea Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.846.

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Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was used for improving the formaldehyde (HCHO) emission and bonding strength of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive in fiberboard and plywood. The original NCC was modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and the wetting property with UF resin adhesive was improved by 26.4%. The UF resin adhesive with modified NCC was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The crystal region of UF resin adhesive was influenced by NCC and the diffraction intensity of the peak at 2θ = 22.82

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10

Veigel, Stefan, Jörn Rathke, Martin Weigl, and Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter. "Particle Board and Oriented Strand Board Prepared with Nanocellulose-Reinforced Adhesive." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/158503.

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Adhesives on the basis of urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) are extensively used in the production of wood-based panels. In the present study, the attempt was made to improve the mechanical board properties by reinforcing these adhesives with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The latter were produced from dissolving grade beech pulp by a mechanical homogenization process. Adhesive mixtures with a CNF content of 0, 1, and 3 wt% based on solid resin were prepared by mixing an aqueous CNF suspension with UF and MUF adhesives. Laboratory-scale particle boards and oriented stra

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11

Zhao, Hui, Xianzhen Li, Xi Wang, et al. "Effect of Copper (II) Sulfate on the Properties of Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive." Polymers 14, no. 1 (2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010094.

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The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of copper (II) sulfate on the formaldehyde release and the mechanical properties of urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. Copper (II) sulfate has been used as a formaldehyde scavenger in UF resin, and its effects on the physical and chemical properties of UF adhesive have been studied. Moreover, the mechanical properties and formaldehyde release of plywood prepared with modified UF resin have been determined. The UF resin has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR spectra

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12

Reh, Roman, Lubos Kristak, Jan Sedliacik, Pavlo Bekhta, Anita Wronka, and Grzegorz Kowaluk. "Molded Plywood with Proportions of Beech Bark in Adhesive Mixtures: Production on an Industrial Scale." Polymers 16, no. 7 (2024): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16070966.

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Molded plywood is used for furniture components such as seats, backrests, or integral seat shells, and it must be durable and harmless to health. Molded plywood is made with urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives; therefore, the issue of the fillers used in them is important. The potential of using ground beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) bark as an eco-friendly additive in UF adhesives for molded plywood manufacturing was investigated in this work. Wheat flour was used as a reference filler. The beech bark (BB) level as a filler was 10%, a value verified under laboratory conditions. Nine-layer flat and mo

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13

Alamsyah, Eka Mulya, Arif Nuryawan, and Ragil Widyorini. "Identifying best parameters of particleboard bonded with dextrin-based adhesives." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (2020): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0037.

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AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the best parameters of particleboard manufacturing throughout the physical and mechanical properties’ test under Japanese Industrial Standard. Particleboard panels were manufactured from veneer waste of sengon wood (Paraserianthes moluccana) bonded with dextrin-based adhesives (DAs) and urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives at the density target of 0.70 g/cm2 under various manufacturing parameters of adhesives composition, load pressure and pressure temperatures. The results showed that an increase in the value of physical and mechanical propertie

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14

Bekhta, Pavlo, and Ján Sedliačik. "Environmentally-Friendly High-Density Polyethylene-Bonded Plywood Panels." Polymers 11, no. 7 (2019): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071166.

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Thermoplastic films exhibit good potential to be used as adhesives for the production of veneer-based composites. This work presents the first effort to develop and evaluate composites based on alder veneers and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film. The effects of hot-pressing temperature (140, 160, and 180 °C), hot-pressing pressure (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 MPa), hot-pressing time (1, 2, 3, and 5 min), and type of adhesives on the physical and mechanical properties of alder plywood panels were investigated. The effects of these variables on the core-layer temperature during the hot pressing of mul

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15

Yang, Linfeng, Haiyang Quan, Jiajun Ji, Haizhe Zhang, and Fengwen Sun. "Research on the Preparation of Wood Adhesive Active Fillers from Tannin-/Bentonite-Modified Corn Cob." Forests 15, no. 4 (2024): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15040604.

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The artificial plywood industry in our country relies heavily on industrial flour as a filler for adhesives. Using abundant corn cob powder as the main raw material, corn cob powder was modified by impregnation with a sodium-based bentonite/bayberry tannin and used as filler for urea–formaldehyde resin (UF) adhesive, with NH4Cl as the curing agent and poplar veneer as the raw material to prepare plywood. The results showed that the modified corn cob powder with a particle size of 250 mesh was uniformly dispersed in the UF adhesive. When used as a filler, the modified corn cob powder effectivel

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16

Gavrilovic-Grmusa, Ivana, Jovan Miljkovic, Milanka Djiporovic-Momcilovic, and Gordana Radosevic. "Penetration of urea formaldehyde adhesives in wood tissue, Part II: Radial penetration of UF adhesives into silver fir." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 99 (2009): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0999033g.

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Penetration is the ability of the adhesive to move into the voids on the substrate surface or into the substrate itself. Wood's cellular nature allows significant penetration of the adhesive into the substrate. Objective of this work was the evaluation of the penetration and hence the distribution of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins by means of microscopic detection of the penetration of such UF adhesives into the wood tissue. Tangentially cut 5 mm thick silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) plies, 100 mm long (parallel to the grain) and 30 mm width, were prepared for this study. Four types of UF resins

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17

Réh, Roman, Ľuboš Krišťák, Ján Sedliačik, et al. "Utilization of Birch Bark as an Eco-Friendly Filler in Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives for Plywood Manufacturing." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040511.

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The potential of using ground birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.) bark as an eco-friendly additive in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for plywood manufacturing was investigated in this work. Five-ply plywood panels were fabricated in the laboratory from beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) veneers bonded with UF adhesive formulations comprising three addition levels of birch bark (BB) as a filler (10%, 15%, and 20%). Two UF resin formulations filled with 10% and 20% wheat flour (WF) were used as reference samples. The mechanical properties (bending strength, modulus of elasticity and shear strength) of the

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18

H. Basta, Altaf, Houssni El-Saied, and Emad M. Deffallah. "Optimising the process for production of high performance bagasse-based composites from rice bran-UF adhesive system." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 4 (2014): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2013-0077.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to prepare high-performance agro-based composites from the non-toxic rice bran-urea-formaldehyde (RB-UF) adhesive system. Investigations have continued for production high performance agro-based composites using environmentally acceptable approaches. The utilisation of such system with the available used local agro-based wood products (sugar-cane bagasse, SCB) adds economic value and helps reducing the environmental impact of commercial urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive, and most importantly, provides a potentially inexpensive alternative to the existing co

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19

Basta, Altaf H., Houssni El-Saied, and Emad M. Deffallah. "Effects of denaturisation of rice bran and route of synthesis of RB-modified UF adhesive system on eco-performance of agro-based composites." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 3 (2016): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2015-0037.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of denaturised rice bran (RB) and route of its incorporation during synthesis of urea-formaldehyde adhesive, on the performance of the resulting adhesive, especially viscosity, free-formaldehyde (HCHO) and quality of the produced bagasse-based composites, in comparison with those produced from commercial urea formaldehyde (UF) and RB-added UF. Design/methodology/approach The experiments were carried out using different denaturised RB at different percentages (1-5 per cent) and pH’s (9-11 per cent). These denaturised RB were incorporat

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20

Ozlusoylu, İsmail, Abdullah Istek, Mehmet Ergün, and Deniz Aydemir. "The Effect of Foamed Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Medium Density Fiberboards (MDF)." Drvna industrija 75, no. 4 (2024): 385–93. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0170.

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In this study, the effect of using foamed urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive in the production of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) on the properties of the board was investigated. A commercial foaming agent was used to increase the volume of UF adhesive by approximately 2.5 times. MDFs were produced using 6, 9 and 12 % adhesive and 1 % ammonium chloride hardener relative to the dry weight of the adhesive. The thermal degradation behavior of the foamed and control adhesives was determined by thermal analysis i.e., thermogravimetric (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses. It was found

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21

Zeleniuc, Octavia, Luminita-Maria Brenci, Camelia Cosereanu, and Adriana Fotin. "Influence of adhesive type and content on the properties of particleboard made from sunflower husks." BioResources 14, no. 3 (2019): 7316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.7316-7331.

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The suitability of using milled sunflower husks as a wood substitute for producing medium-density particleboard was investigated. Additionally, the impact of the adhesive type and the amount used on the properties of the panels were evaluated. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) in three commercial variants (UCL, U96, and AG), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), modified melamine urea-formaldehyde (VM), and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI), as well as mixtures of VM/AG and of PF/pMDI, were used to manufacture the panels. The adhesive content was varied between 3% and 6% for pMDI, and from 9% and 12% for

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22

Obersriebnig, Michael, Stefan Veigel, Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter, and Johannes Konnerth. "Determination of adhesive energy at the wood cell-wall/UF interface by nanoindentation (NI)." Holzforschung 66, no. 6 (2012): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2011-0205.

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Abstract Spruce wood specimens were surface-silylated according to three different protocols in order to progressively reduce hydrophilicity and, consequently, adhesion to urea-formaldehyde (UF) glue. Compared to the untreated reference, the macroscopic adhesive strength was drastically reduced in silylated specimens. Specimens treated with the most effective silylation method in terms of reduction of hydrophilicity showed near zero adhesion to UF glue. Micromechanical characterisation by means of nanoindentation (NI, Berkovich-type probe) revealed that the wood cell wall stiffness and hardnes

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23

Zhao, Yan, Ya Ji Jiang, and Jiu Yin Pang. "The Basic Properties of the Composite Straw Veneer." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3690.

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the experiment through the environmental scanning electron microscopy (sem) research straw board and adhesive cementation interface surface morphology, found that the surface of the API adhesive diffusion performance than the UF. Uf resin agent in the surface of cover of the straw is thick and uneven, API adhesive is thin and cover of the formation of the uniform.

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24

Rindler, Axel, Oliver Vay, Christian Hansmann, and Johannes Konnerth. "Adhesive-related warping of thin wooden bi-layers." Wood Science and Technology 53, no. 5 (2019): 1015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-019-01124-w.

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Abstract Warping of layered wood-based panels is still a challenging problem in the development of thin engineered wood products. Wood as an anisotropic and hydrophilic material tends to change its volume and mechanical properties with changing moisture content. Besides the wood components, also the mechanical properties of certain adhesives are sensitive to moisture changes. A moisture load onto the adhered wood is resulting in different stress and strain states between the adherends. It is expected that adhesives with different moisture-related properties participate differently to this inte

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25

Mensah, Prosper, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo, Francis Kofi Bih, et al. "Sustainable Panels from Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Wood Wastes Bonded with Cassava starch and Urea–Formaldehyde." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 11 (2024): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8110444.

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The demand for innovative products from renewable sources has motivated research development to create new sustainable materials. Cassava starch (CS) has been widely used for bonding and composing different types of products. Particleboards produced from cocoa (Theobroma cacao), wood wastes, and CS adhesives can be an environmentally correct and economically profitable alternative to replacing traditional commercial panels. This study aimed to manufacture particleboards made with wood waste extracted from the stem of Theobroma cacao. The panels were bonded with different proportions of CS and

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26

Zhang, Hao, Jing Zhang, Shuping Song, Guofeng Wu, and Junwen Pu. "Modified nanocrystalline cellulose from two kinds of modifiers used for improving formaldehyde emission and bonding strength of urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive." BioResources 6, no. 4 (2011): 4430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.4430-4438.

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In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was used for increasing the bonding strength of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive, with a reduction of formaldehyde (HCHO) emissions. The surface of NCC was modified by 3-aminpropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) for the lack of compatibility with UF resin adhesive. The modified NCC was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and wetting property. HCHO emission and bonding strength of the UF resin adhesive with modified NCC were tested according to Chinese Nationa

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27

Ostendorf, Kolja, Patrick Reuter, and Markus Euring. "Manufacturing medium-density fiberboards and wood fiber insulation boards using a blood albumin adhesive on a pilot scale." BioResources 15, no. 1 (2020): 1531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1531-1546.

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An albumin adhesive derived from animal blood was used for the first time for the production of two kinds of fiberboard in a dry process: medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and wood fiber insulation board (WFI). Additionally, the curing for WFI was completed using an innovative hot-air/hot-steam (HA/HS) process. There is a general importance to develop alternatives to substitute common binding agents, such as urea-formaldehyde (UF) or polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate (pMDI) resins, and to develop value-added opportunities for such waste material from slaughterhouses. An adhesive analy

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28

Basta, Altaf Halim, Houssni El-Saied, Amin Mahmoud Baraka, and Vivian Fayez Lotfy. "Beneficial effect of new activated carbons in enhancing the performance of particle boards from UF-rice straw." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 2 (2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2016-0062.

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Purpose The purpose of this research paper focused on studying the role of activated carbons (ACs), which were synthesized from long-chain aldehyde-based xerogels (Xs-AC), as benefit additives to enhance the application of a low-cost urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive for production of rice straw (RS) composites complying with both the standard specifications of particle-board type and the board produced from using conventional adhesive of RS fibers (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, MDI). The results are supported by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, which indicated the curing and

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Zhang, Yanhua, Jiyou Gu, Haiyan Tan, Mingwei Di, Libin Zhu, and Xiangli Weng. "Straw based particleboard bonded with composite adhesives." BioResources 6, no. 1 (2010): 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.464-476.

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Environmentally friendly particleboard was prepared with wheat straw, an inexpensive material. The particleboard was produced by a mixing process, using a composite adhesive comprised of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives and EPU. The performance of the board was evaluated by measuring internal bonding strength (IB), thickness swelling, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and formaldehyde emission. The experimental results showed that maximum of dry and wet internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity were 0.45MPa, 0.18MPa, 31.80MPa, and 5043MPa, respec

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30

Dunky, M. "Urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive resins for wood." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 18, no. 2 (1998): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7496(97)00054-7.

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Żmuda, Emil, Anita Wronka, Grzegorz Kowaluk, and Andrzej Radomski. "Effect of Styrene Polymerization on the Bondability of Beech and Alder Wood with Different Adhesives." Materials 17, no. 24 (2024): 6212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246212.

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This study aimed to evaluate the bondability of beech and alder wood modified through styrene polymerization within the wood lumen. Unmodified wood samples served as the reference material. Bondability was tested using four adhesive types commonly used in wood technology: polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF), and epoxy resin. In addition to shear strength measurements, the adhesive density profile was also assessed. Results indicated that styrene modification generally reduced wood bondability, with reductions in shear strength ranging from 8%

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32

Song, Jingbiao, Shiwei Chen, Xibin Yi, et al. "Preparation and Properties of the Urea-Formaldehyde Res-In/Reactive Halloysite Nanocomposites Adhesive with Low-Formaldehyde Emission and Good Water Resistance." Polymers 13, no. 14 (2021): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142224.

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Low-cost urea formaldehyde resin (UF)/reactive halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposite adhesive was prepared successfully via in situ polymerization. The HNTs were modified to improve its compatibility with polymer. The XRD and FTIR results showed that physical and chemical interaction between the HNTs and polymer resin influenced the structure of UF owing to the functional groups on the HNTs. It is found from SEM images that the modified HNTs could be dispersed uniformly in the resin and the nanocomposite particles were spherical. The performance experiment confirmed that thermal stability

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Sultana, Shahin, Mehedi Mannan, Md Jaynal Abedin, Zahidul Islam, Husna Parvin Nur, and Purabi Rani Samaddar. "Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Modified Thermosetting Urea Formaldehyde Resin." Advances in Materials Science 21, no. 4 (2021): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2021-0024.

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Abstract Urea formaldehyde (UF) resins are brittle and to improve their tensile properties poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been used to modify the UF resin. An easy improved procedure was developed to make PVA modified UF resin on the basis of conventional synthesis of UF resin. Prepolymer of UF was mixed with different weight percentages of PVA (1-5%) to synthesize modified UF resin which can be used to make adhesive for forest products. Both UF and modified UF resins were characterized by FTIR, physico-mechanical and thermal properties analyses. Modified UF resin containing 2 wt. % PVA exhibit

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Simon, C., B. George, and A. Pizzi. "UF/pMDI Wood Adhesives: Networks Blend versus Copolymerization." Holzforschung 56, no. 3 (2002): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2002.052.

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Summary Kinetic evidence from thermomechanical analysis experiments and 13C NMR evidence were used to show that the strength of a joint bonded with UF/pMDI glue-mixtures is improved by coreaction between pMDI and UF resin methylol groups forming methylene cross-links. These are predominant, as opposed to the formation of urethane bridges which still appear to form, but are in great minority. The coreaction occurs in the presence of water and under the predominantly acidic hardening conditions characteristic of aminoplastic resins (in presence of a hardener). Coreaction occurs to a much lesser

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Zhang, Nan Zhe. "Study on Urea-Formaldehyde Resin for Glass Wool Products." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1232.

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In order to prepare urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive with good performance for glass wool products, we used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), p-toluenesulfonamide (PTSA) and methanol to modify UF resin, optimized the molar ratio of formaldehyde (F) / urea (U) and reaction components ratio by orthogonal test, reduced the content of free formaldehyde in UF resin, and enhanced the water resistance, flexibility and stability of UF resin.

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Mangurai, Silvia Uthari Nuzaverra Mayang, Muh Yusram Massijaya, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, Dede Hermawan, Imam Busyra Abdillah, and Munadian Munadian. "SIFAT FISIS DAN KEKERASAN PAPAN BLOK DARI BATANG KELAPA SAWIT DAN FINIR JENIS KAYU CEPAT TUMBUH." JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI 12, no. 2 (2024): 390–400. https://doi.org/10.26418/jhl.v12i2.87749.

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The oil palm trunk and fast-growing species was the potential as raw materials for blockboard. The quality of composite board can be reflected by the value of physical and mechanical properties that influenced by the characteristics of veneer, board core and type of adhesive and the method of manufacturing. The aim of this research was to produce block boards from oil palm trunk waste and sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen), manii (Maesopsis eminii Engl.), mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) veneers as surface layers. The size of the blockboards was 35 x 35 x 2.4 cm3. The adhesives use

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Zhang, Y., Z. B. He, L. Xue, D. M. Chu, and J. Mu. "Influence of a urea–formaldehyde resin adhesive on pyrolysis characteristics and volatiles emission of poplar particleboard." RSC Advances 6, no. 16 (2016): 12850–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18068f.

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To investigate the influence of urea–formaldehyde resin (UF resin) adhesive on the thermal utilization of wood waste, the pyrolysis of particleboard and its main components (poplar and UF resin) are studied in this paper.

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Zhu, Li Bin, Bo Han, Ji You Gu, Yan Hua Zhang, Hai Yan Tan, and Ying Feng Zuo. "Preparation of Water-Resistance Plywood with UF Resin Modified by Emulsifiable Polyisocyanate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 1056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.1056.

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The purpose of the study was to manufacture water-resistance plywood with using UF resin modified by emulsifiable polyisocyanate. The emulsifiable polyisocyanate which contains plenty of hydrophilic segments and teminal isocyanate groups were synthesized by reaction between various kinds of polyether polyols and polymeric methane dipthenyl diisocyanate (pMDI). A type of composite adhesive was obtained from the mixture of emulsifiable polyisocyanate and urea formaldehyde resin. The process parameters, such as the molar ratio of –NCO and –OH, mass fraction of emulsifiable polyisocyanate in UF re

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Wang, Weihong, Xianquan Zhang, and Renshu Lu. "Adhesive application method in MDI-UF particleboard manufacture." Frontiers of Forestry in China 1, no. 2 (2006): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11461-006-0006-8.

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Liew, K. C., and A. R. Samin. "Mechanical Properties of Particleboard using Acacia Mangium Wood Particles Binded With Seaweed-Based Adhesives." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012001.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of particleboards made from Acacia mangium wood particles binded with three different types of seaweed-based adhesive. Red seaweed (RS), brown seaweed (BS) and green seaweed (GS) were used as the seaweed-based adhesives., while particleboard using urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive was produced as control. Adhesives and wood particles were mixed and then undergone mat-forming, pre-pressing, hot-pressing and conditioning process. The test pieces for bending test (Modulus of Elasticity, MOE; Modulus of Rupture, MOR), and i

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Kawalerczyk, Jakub, Dorota Dukarska, Petar Antov, Kinga Stuper-Szablewska, Dorota Dziurka, and Radosław Mirski. "Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells as a Modifier of Urea–Formaldehyde Resin in Particleboard Production." Applied Sciences 14, no. 13 (2024): 5627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135627.

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Various methods for the effective modification of urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesives, aimed at enhancing the performance of wood-based materials, have been continually explored worldwide. The aim of this work was to investigate and evaluate the effect of introducing small amounts (0.25–1.5%) of activated carbon from coconut shells (ACCS) in UF adhesive on the properties of particleboard. The performed investigations of the adhesive mixture’s properties showed an increase in both viscosity and reactivity. Moreover, the use of loadings of 0.75% and 1% had a positive effect on mechanical properties

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Zhang, Yan Hua, Ji You Gu, Ying Feng Zuo, Ming Wei Di, Hai Yan Tan, and Li Bin Zhu. "Mechanical Properties of Wheat Straw Particleboard Using Composite Adhesives." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 2096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2096.

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The purpose of the study was to use a cheap wheat straw to manufacture particleboard. Wheat straws offer great promise and new challenges as replacement for wood in processed wood products. The particleboard was produced using composite adhesive which the urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives modified by emulsifiable polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (EPU). The properties of the particleboard was evaluated by measuring internal bonding strength(IB), thickness swelling, modulus of rupture(MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and formaldehyde emission. The optimal condition was chosen at density

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Tan, Hai Yan, and Yan Hua Zhang. "Preparation of Moistureproof Particleboards Using Modified UF Resin with Melanine." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.448.

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The paper adopted a direct approach of putting melamine inside to modify the UF resin, tested the physical properties of UF adhesive and used DSC method to study the solidifying temperature. The results show that when the molar ratio (F / U) is 1.05 or 1.15 and the addition of melamine is 4% or 8%, the viscosity, solidifying temperature, solidifying time, as well as the application period of modified UF adhesive are suitable for the production of high quality particleboard. When the molar ratio (F / U) is 1.05, the addition of melamine is 4%, particleboard density is 0.80g/cm3, the thickness o

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Iswanto, Apri Heri, Jajang Sutiawan, Atmawi Darwis, et al. "Influence of Isocyanate Content and Hot-Pressing Temperatures on the Physical–Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Bonded with a Hybrid Urea–Formaldehyde/Isocyanate Adhesive." Forests 14, no. 2 (2023): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020320.

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Particleboard (PB) is mainly produced using urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. However, the low hydrolytic stability of UF leads to poor water resistance by the PB. This research aimed to analyze the effect of hot-pressing temperatures and the addition of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in UF adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of PB. The first experiment focused on pressing temperature treatments including 130, 140, 150, and 160 °C. The particles were bonded using a combination of UF and MDI resin at a ratio of 70/30 (%w/w). Furthermore, the second experiment focused on UF/

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Suchat, Sunisa, and Wisanee Yingprasert. "ECO-Adhesive from Modified Natural Rubber for Wood Applications." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.182.

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Both commercial entities and the government have expressed interest in safe and environ-mentally friendly adhesives, ECO-adhesives, containing no volatile harmful or toxic chemicals. In the wood industries, currently common adhesives such as urea formaldehyde (UF), phenol formaldehyde (PF) release formaldehyde vapors that are a human health concern, with unpleasant odor. We examined the potential of modified natural rubber latexes (MNRL) for use as ECO-adhesives. Three latex types were used, namely epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), liquid natural rubber (LNR), and NR/PMMA blend. The MNRL was ch

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Hass, Philipp, Falk K. Wittel, and Peter Niemz. "Generic failure mechanisms in adhesive bonds." Holzforschung 67, no. 2 (2013): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2011-0256.

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Abstract The failure of adhesive bondlines has been studied at the microscopic level via tensile tests. Stable crack propagation could be generated by means of samples with improved geometry, which made in situ observations possible. The interaction of cracks with adhesive bondlines under various angles to the crack propagation was the focus of this study, as well as the respective loading situations for the adhesives urea formaldehyde (UF), polyurethane (PUR), and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), which have distinctly different mechanical behaviors. It has been shown how adhesive properties influenc

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Hrázský, Jaroslav, and Pavel Král. "Effects of the ratio of mixing the UF adhesive and the UF adhesive with increased reactivity on mechanical properties and the content of formaldehyde." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 1 (2009): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957010041.

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The paper includes results of research work dealing with the study of the effect of mixing the traditional urea-formaldehyde adhesive Kronores CB 1100 D and the urea-formaldehyde adhesive Kronores CB 1200 D characterised by increased reactivity for selected physical and mechanical properties of particleboards, the content of free formaldehyde and productivity of the production line of particleboards. Within the research, other potential factors affecting properties of particleboards were also studied. Present adhesive prescriptions (1) and five experimental prescriptions were evaluated. In c

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Lu, Li, Yan Wang, Tianhua Li, et al. "Calcium carbonate modified urea–formaldehyde resin adhesive for strength enhanced medium density fiberboard production." RSC Advances 11, no. 40 (2021): 25010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04316a.

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Reactions between CaCO<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> during polycondensation of UF resin produce Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Ionic bond complexation binds Ca<sup>2+</sup> with UF resin. The UF resin crystalline percentage decreases from 26.86% to 22.71%. IB strength of resin bonded fiberboard increases from 0.75 to 0.94 MPa.

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Смидракова, Mariya Smidrakova, Седлячик, and Yan Sedlyachek. "Cellulose sludge and wood bark as formaldehyde scavengers for plywood bonded with urea formaldehyde resin." Forestry Engineering Journal 6, no. 4 (2017): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23456.

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The aim of the research was to modify urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) by cellulose sludge and wood bark in order to reduce formaldehyde emission. Wood bark powder was a mixture containing 50 % of beech bark and 50 % of spruce bark. Release of formaldehyde and shear strength of the adhesive joints was tested on five resp. three-layer alder plywood. Formaldehyde emission was determined by 24-hour desiccator method and monitored during seven weeks after gluing. After 7 weeks of the experiment the reference UF adhesive showed formaldehyde emission decreased by 39 %.

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JHT, Admin. "KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH GERGAJIAN KAYU BANGKIRAI (Shorea laevis Ridl) (Quality of Particle Board From Saw Waste Wood of Bangkirai (Shorea laevis Ridl))." HUTAN TROPIKA 13, no. 1 (2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v13i1.290.

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ABSTRACTThe particle board is a wood product resulting from the heat-blowing process between a woodparticle mixture or lignocellulosic raw material with an adhesive or a wood product ofreconstitution. A research on particle board manufacture was conducted using Bangkirai woodparticles bonded together with urea formaldehide (UF) adhesive. This research aimed todetermine the quality of particle board produced on its physical and mechanical properties.Particle particle size is 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm with target density 0,7 g / cm3. Results revealedthat UF adhesive level had an effect on moisture co

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