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1
Tebitendwa, Antony. "Covid-19 – A Call for Socio-Economic Policy Implementation and People’s Socio-Economic Behavior Change in Uganda." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 12 (January 15, 2021): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.812.9534.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 has called for proper policy implementation on the side of the government of Uganda. Uganda has a policy on food and nutrition that is responsible for maintaining food reserves (or funds to be used for staple food purchase) at household, sub-county, district, regional and national levels, to boost disaster preparedness. But this and many other policies that are intended to support socio-economic lives have never been fully implemented. The government has also been called upon to strengthen financial institutions to encourage people to save. Ugandans too, are encouraged to embrace the culture of saving. Therefore, COVID-19 lockdown has awakened Ugandans to change their spending behavior given the uncertain future. Besides, the pandemic has also checked on Uganda's socio-cultural behavior, calling for a change in terms of greeting gestures and personal space, religious beliefs, land ownership, hygiene, and educational accessibility.
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ACKAH, CHARLES, RICHARD OSEI BOFAH, and DEREK ASUMAN. "WHO ARE AFRICA’S ENTREPRENEURS? COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE FROM GHANA AND UGANDA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 22, no. 04 (December 2017): 1750024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946717500248.
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Contemporary national development policy in many parts of the world is focused on the promotion of entrepreneurship. This is because policy makers see entrepreneurship as an important driver of economic development. Drawing on in-depth research in Ghana and Uganda, this paper provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of entrepreneurs and their enterprises, their motives for choosing self-employment and the constraints to their businesses in Ghana and Uganda. Using a sample of over 1,000 micro and small entrepreneurs in each country, we found that Ghanaian entrepreneurs are much more motivated by necessity-driven motives while Ugandans are motivated by a combination of opportunity- and necessity-driven motives. Specifically, the factor analysis indicated that whereas Ghanaian entrepreneurs are significantly motived by “Work-family consideration” and “Low opportunity,” entrepreneurs in Uganda rated “Career consideration” and “Survival consideration” as their main motives for engaging in self-employment activities. On success, a much higher fraction of Ugandan entrepreneurs are found to be more successful than their Ghanaian counterparts. Comparatively, we found that Ghanaian businesses are significantly challenged with access to finance or credit; however, their counterparts in Uganda significantly face problems related to institutional weaknesses. Thus, from the factor analysis, “Financial problem” and “Institutional problem” were found to be significantly higher for Ghana and Uganda respectively. Hence, among others, Ghanaian policy makers can stimulate entrepreneurship by taking steps to reduce the level of financial constraints facing its entrepreneurs while in Uganda, much effort should be geared toward improving the business institutional environment.
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Hauser, Ellen. "Ugandan relations with Western donors in the 1990s: what impact on democratisation?" Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 4 (December 1999): 621–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x9900316x.
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Aid donors' support for democratisation in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s has been tempered by their desire to achieve other objectives. In Uganda, a high level of donor support for the Museveni government has been compatible with the Ugandan government's reluctance to introduce multiparty democracy. Donors have opted for ‘dialogue’ rather than coercive methods. This may be ascribed to a number of factors, including the destruction from which Uganda was recovering, the need to present Uganda as a success story for economic liberalisation, and donors' need to maintain good relations with Uganda in order to pursue their foreign policy goals. The resulting donor–recipient relationship has however created dangers for the maintenance of long-term sustainable democracy in Uganda, by condoning divisive policies, and neglecting the need for coalition-building and conflict resolution.
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Clief Naku, Daniel Wandera. "BRIDGING ECONOMIC INEQUALITY GAP IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A DIAGNOSIS OF OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF UGANDA." Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 5, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jpid.1033.
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Purpose: Economists argue that a nation will never survive morally or economically when so few have so much, while so many have so little. In the context of Uganda where the level of economic inequality is high as revealed by the present gini coefficient of 0.42, the purpose of this paper was to explore obstacles making it difficult to bridge economic inequality in the country and the possible opportunities that could be capitalized on so as to bridge this gap.
Methodology: The study employed an extended literature review to explore the state of economic inequality in Uganda, the obstacles to dealing with the problem of economic inequality and the possible opportunities for addressing economic inequality in Uganda
Findings: Study findings show that economic inequality in Uganda is a chronically growing problem that will need more than just policies and regulations to deal with it. In this regard, political will and commitment by both the government of Uganda and its citizens are essential factors in this struggle.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The paper recommends that the political will and commitment of the prevailing leadership and policy makers in Uganda will be vital in bridging economic inequality gap in the country.
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Okuonzi, Sam Agatre. "Dying for economic growth? Evidence of a flawed economic policy in Uganda." Lancet 364, no. 9445 (October 2004): 1632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17320-0.
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Kayongo, Allan, Asumani Guloba, and Joseph Muvawala. "Asymmetric Effects of Exchange Rate on Monetary Policy in Emerging Countries: A Non-Linear ARDL Approach in Uganda." Applied Economics and Finance 7, no. 5 (August 26, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v7i5.4928.
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Many money demand studies have been carried out on Uganda, however, these studies perceive and incorporate exchange rate as a linear determinant of real money demand. Indeed, exchange rate may have asymmetric effects on real money demand; with exchange rate appreciation having different effects from exchange rate depreciation. Therefore, this is the first study to estimate exchange rate asymmetries in Uganda, for the period 2008Q3 and 2018Q4. The study uses both the linear ARDL and non-linear ARDL methodologies to accomplish its goal. This is also done by incorporating an economic uncertainty index, which is critical, especially in light of the novel global coronavirus pandemic, that has disrupted trade, movement and supply chains. The error correction terms of both models are negative and significant, with the one of the non-linear ARDL twice as much as that of the linear ARDL. Indeed, the study confirms the existence of exchange rate asymmetries on Uganda’s real money demand. In the linear ARDL model, exchange rate has a positive effect in the long run but a negative result in the short run. On one hand, the non-linear ARDL model reveals that an exchange rate depreciation of the Uganda Shillings negatively affects real money demand in the short run. On the other hand, an exchange rate appreciation positively effects real money demand. Notably, economic uncertainty has insignificant effects in both models, except for its lags in the non-linear model. The implication of these findings is that macro-economic policy management in Uganda should be cognizant of these asymmetric effects of exchange rate, for effective planning, policy and implementation.
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Twinoburyo, Enock Nyorekwa, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Monetary policy and economic growth in Uganda: an empirical investigation." International Journal of Sustainable Economy 9, no. 3 (2017): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijse.2017.085050.
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Kilimani, Nicholas, Jan van Heerden, and Heinrich Bohlmann. "Water resource accounting for Uganda: use and policy relevancy." Water Policy 18, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.035.
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This paper uses the system of economic and environmental accounting for water to demonstrate how the water sector interacts with the social-economic sectors of the economy. Furthermore, it reviews the existing institutional and policy framework in Uganda, and proposes an analytical framework which can be used to provide sound inter-sectoral planning in order to achieve sustainable water resource use. The proposed framework also articulates how outcomes of water policies and social-economic policies can be analyzed. In Uganda, the uneven distribution of water resources both in space and time, poses constraints to economic activity particularly in the water-scarce regions of the country. The problem is being exacerbated by the increasingly erratic rainfall and rising temperatures. The accounting results show that the current level of water use within the economy is less than the available quantity. In this regard, there is room for the development of mechanisms to increase its utilization. This would serve to mitigate the scarcity especially of water for production which primarily emanates from climate variability. This in turn affects the performance of the economy, as key sectors such as agriculture are rainfall-dependent.
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M., Masoud, Okoth P. G., and Were M. E. "The Contribution of National Fisheries Policy Implementation to Economic Security Management between Kenya and Uganda." Sumerianz Journal of Social Science, no. 53 (August 17, 2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjss.53.39.51.
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The global agenda for natural resource management espouses the principle that disputes between riparian states are resolved in a peaceful manner. The management of economic security on Lake Victoria transboundary disputes between Kenya-Uganda which are about resources within the maritime zone has been negatively affected by transboundary dispute since resolutions on the same do not focus on the economic security aspect. This paper evaluates the contribution of national fisheries policy implementation to economic security management between Kenya and Uganda. Structural-functionalist, social conflict and John Burton’s conflict resolution theory guided the study. The study employed descriptive research design while purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to determine samples. Philosophically, the study contributed towards a better understanding of the transboundary disputes and their management as well as forming a basis for future research. Study findings indicated that statutory instruments regulate fishing operations or the conduct of fishing as public revenues of both Kenya and Uganda on Lake Victoria. The study recommends a robust reform in the national policies on fishery by both Kenya and Uganda to militate against the Lake Victoria transboundary dispute and bolster economic security management. The statutory instruments for fishing should be revised to provide an enabling fishing environment for fishers and fish traders.
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Evans, Daniel R., Colleen R. Higgins, Sarah K. Laing, Phyllis Awor, and Sachiko Ozawa. "Poor-quality antimalarials further health inequities in Uganda." Health Policy and Planning 34, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2019): iii36—iii47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz012.
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Abstract Substandard and falsified medications are a major threat to public health, directly increasing the risk of treatment failure, antimicrobial resistance, morbidity, mortality and health expenditures. While antimalarial medicines are one of the most common to be of poor quality in low- and middle-income countries, their distributional impact has not been examined. This study assessed the health equity impact of substandard and falsified antimalarials among children under five in Uganda. Using a probabilistic agent-based model of paediatric malaria infection (Substandard and Falsified Antimalarial Research Impact, SAFARI model), we examine the present day distribution of the burden of poor-quality antimalarials by socio-economic status and urban/rural settings, and simulate supply chain, policy and patient education interventions. Patients incur US$26.1 million (7.8%) of the estimated total annual economic burden of substandard and falsified antimalarials, including $2.3 million (9.1%) in direct costs and $23.8 million (7.7%) in productivity losses due to early death. Poor-quality antimalarials annually cost $2.9 million to the government. The burden of the health and economic impact of malaria and poor-quality antimalarials predominantly rests on the poor (concentration index −0.28) and rural populations (98%). The number of deaths among the poorest wealth quintile due to substandard and falsified antimalarials was 12.7 times that of the wealthiest quintile, and the poor paid 12.1 times as much per person in out-of-pocket payments. Rural populations experienced 97.9% of the deaths due to poor-quality antimalarials, and paid 10.7 times as much annually in out-of-pocket expenses compared with urban populations. Our simulations demonstrated that interventions to improve medicine quality could have the greatest impact at reducing inequities, and improving adherence to antimalarials could have the largest economic impact. Substandard and falsified antimalarials have a significant health and economic impact, with greater burden of deaths, disability and costs on poor and rural populations, contributing to health inequities in Uganda.
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Mackinnon, J. "How Research Can Assist Policy: The Case of Economic Reforms in Uganda." World Bank Research Observer 17, no. 2 (September 1, 2002): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/17.2.267.
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Mwesigwa, David. "Public service delivery in Uganda: a reconsideration of grand corruption." Dynamics of Politics and Democracy 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/dpd.v1i1.400.
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Abstract Purpose: This review intends to ascertain and analyse available literature for the degree of corruption in the Ugandan public organisations and how they can be enhanced to get rid of corruption. Research methodology: Focussed Mapping Review and Synthesis approach were adopted to unpack corruption in public organisations. We examine obtainable literature using thematic approach. Results: The review exposes potential influence of both predisposing factors and precipitating factors in terms of socio-economic and political dimensions. Nonetheless, Public organisations in Uganda can be enhanced to get rid of corruption by enforcing a robust blend of all the three clusters of instruments of accountability; internal, legal and external. Limitations: Since the study was largely based on Uganda, its outcomes may not be generalized. Contribution: This explanatory review underscores the apathy of government machinery to rid public organisations of corruption. There is a need for politicians and policy experts to conduct additional analysis of corruption within the public sector. Keywords: Corruption, Predisposing factors, Precipitating factors, Accountability
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Brett, E. A. "Rebuilding Organisation Capacity in Uganda Under the National Resistance Movement." Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 1 (March 1994): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00012544.
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Eight years of reconciliation, policy reform, and economic recovery have now followed 20 years of dictatorship, corruption, civil war, and economic decline in Uganda. This stems from the interaction between a government which has created a benign environment for development, and donors who have provided generous support conditional on compliance with a standard package of structural adjustment policies involving changes in macro-economic management. These include the removal of price distortions on foreign exchange, capital, and essential commodities, improved fiscal and financial discipline, the reduction of marketing monopolies and state controls, and civil service reform. Government has set up participatory political structures at national and local levels, restored law and order, and taken many of the unpopular decisions required to enforce the changes demanded by adjustment policy.
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Katusiime, Lorna. "Mobile Money Use: The Impact of Macroeconomic Policy and Regulation." Economies 9, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9020051.
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This paper examines the effects of macroeconomic policy and regulatory environment on mobile money usage. Specifically, we develop an autoregressive distributed lag model to investigate the effect of key macroeconomic variables and mobile money tax on mobile money usage in Uganda. Using monthly data spanning the period March 2009 to September 2020, we find that in the short run, mobile money usage is positively affected by inflation while financial innovation, exchange rate, interest rates and mobile money tax negatively affect mobile money usage in Uganda. In the long run, mobile money usage is positively affected by economic activity, inflation and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis while mobile money customer balances, interest rate, exchange rate, financial innovation and mobile money tax negatively affect mobile money usage.
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Deusdedit, Byabashaija, and Muhindo M. Tadeo. "Recent Trends in the Tribal Conflicts and Socio-Economic Development in Western Uganda." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 10 (January 4, 2022): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2022.v10i10.003.
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This scientific investigation study assessed the correlation between recent trends in the tribal conflicts and socio-economic development in Western Uganda particularly in the Rwenzori Region. The systematic study employed a cross sectional survey research design with mixed paradigms (qualitative and quantitative approaches). A sample of 384 participants out of 1.057.000 parent population was selected using a table developed by Morgan & Krejcie (1970). Data was garnered utilizing researcher generated questionnaires and interview schedules and scrutinized applying Descriptive measurements and Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC) for quantitative statistics and content analysis was used for synthesizing qualitative information .The investigation study results came up with a significant correlation between recent trends in the tribal conflicts and socio-economic development in Western Uganda particularly in the Rwenzori Region. It was therefore concluded that the recent trends in the tribal conflicts do affect the socio-economic development in Western Uganda. Conflicts create a deplorable environment that cannot allow development to blossom. The scientific exploration study recommended that the political leadership of the Rwenzori region in Western Uganda should sit together on a round table, assess the causes of conflicts and resolve them amicably for the benefit of humanity. Generally, there is need to be cooperative with all the stakeholders in the said region so that development can be engendered.
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Sekantsiand, Lira, and Mamofokeng Motlokoa. "Evidence on the Nexus Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth through Empirical Investigation of Uganda." Review of Economic and Business Studies 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2016-0020.
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AbstractThis paper empirically examines the electricity consumption - economic growth nexus in Uganda for the period 1982 to 2013, with a view to contributing to the body of literature on this topic and informing energy policy design in Uganda. Using capital stock as an intermittent variable in the causality framework, the paper employs Johansen-Juselius (1988, 1995) multivariate cointegration and VECM based Granger causality tests and finds a bidirectional causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in the long-term and distinct causal flow from economic growth to electricity consumption in the short-run, and short-term and long-term Granger causality from capital stock to economic growth, with short-run feedback in the opposite direction. Therefore, it implies that firstly, the Government of Uganda (GoU) can implement conservation policies only through reducing energy intensity and promoting efficient energy use to avoid decline in output and secondly, that the GoU should intensify its efforts towards capital accumulation in order to realize sustainable economic growth. Lastly, the empirical evidence that electricity consumption influences some short-term capital accumulation supports the GoU’s efforts to allow private sector investment in the electricity sector in an effort to increase electricity supply.
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Bjørkhaug, Ingunn. "Revisiting the Refugee–Host Relationship in Nakivale Refugee Settlement: A Dialogue with the Oxford Refugee Studies Centre." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 3 (September 2020): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502420948465.
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Executive Summary Uganda has long promoted refugee self-reliance as a sustainable livelihood strategy with progressive land-allocation and free-movement-for-work policies. Framed as a dialogue with related Oxford University Refugee Studies Centre (“the Centre”) research on refugee economies, this article explores sustainable solutions that benefit refugees as well as the host populations that receive them. It explores the self-reliance opportunities that depend on the transnational, national, and local markets in which refugees participate. It acknowledges the Centre’s substantial work and welcomes its focus on economic outcomes. For Nakivale Refugee Settlement in Uganda, however, the discussion of “refugee economies” may not be complete without problematizing the effects on the host populations living alongside the refugees. Based on qualitative data collected at Nakivale in 2013 (concurrent with the Centre’s fieldwork), the article discusses the Centre’s market-based approach to refugee economies by emphasizing four essential considerations: Land distribution in Nakivale is not sustainable. Corruption strongly influences the refugee and host populations living in Nakivale. The impact on the local host population is not homogeneous. Among refugees, the Somali–Congolese relationship is exploitative, not amicable. This article discusses how Uganda’s refugee policies create economic profit for some but poverty for others. As a result, its welcoming open door is on the verge of collapse. The recommendations address alternative refugee-protection approaches that aim to lower the pressure on land allocation, enable a self-sustainable approach that protects the host population, and provide refugees with some degree of self-reliance. This discussion does not discount the Centre’s finding that entrepreneurship is an important part of such solutions. Instead, it addresses the challenges of using entrepreneurship as a durable solution — as long as Uganda’s dominant policy is self-reliance based on distribution of food and land and the refugees’ limited cultivation of that land. To addresses some of the obstacles for durable solutions in a way that protects both the refugees and the host population, this article makes four recommendations for policy and practice. With assistance from the international community, the Ugandan government should: Prioritize the welfare of its citizens who live in Nakivale in the national land-allocation strategy. Enact clear and consistent legislation regarding autochthonous land ownership and use of eviction policies, and design economic reforms to eliminate systemic corruption. Include non-agricultural income-generating activities in the self-reliance policy, and finance entrepreneurs through governmental or international funding. Allow refugees to move away from the settlement without loss of refugee status or access to assistance.
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Selimoğlu, Seval, and Yahya Umutoni Swabra. "Legal regulations and internal audit function in ugandan public enterprises." HOLISTIC ECONOMICS 1, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55094/hoec.1.1.01.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate about legal regulations on internal audit function in Uganda public enterprises. Findings: we analysed the association between legal regulations and internal audit function in Ugandan public enterprises, in line with corruption, objectivity and use of technology. However, there is still insufficient literature to support this relationship because the study found that objectivity and corruption were insignificant predictors of legal relgulations and internal audit function, nevertheless, technology had a positive relationship between legal regulations and internal audit function. Method: quantitative research method was employed and data was analysed using a Multiple regression model, and it was obtained from a sample of 49 audit managers, audit seniors, audit staff,and CAEs of selected public sectors in Uganda. using the 5-point Likert scale( Ankur J. (2015), Recommendation: the study recommend that further study should focus on government anti- corruption interventions through ICT improvement in both public and private enterprises. Significance: This paper is significant to internal audit policy-makers in Uganda such as, the ministry of finance, planning and economic development (MoFPED), that will continue to ensure promotion of ethics and professional conduct among internal auditors. This will help achieve effective internal audit function. Originality: As far as the authors of this study are concerned, there is no other research that has been undertaken to investigate about ‘’ Legal regulations and internal audit function in Uganda public enterprises’’
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Matte, Rogers. "Inflation Thresholds, Economic Growth and Investment Planning In Uganda." Economics, Law and Policy 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v2n1p55.
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<p><em>Economic Planners, monetary policy custodians and civil society in Uganda often disagree on the target for inflation when their development objectives are not harmonised. When development economists argue for increased deficit spending in support of infrastructure development and capital accumulation, they are challenged in regards how much pressure the development budget should put on likely macroeconomic stability, particularly where inflation could rise above the inflation target. This paper examined the effect of inflation on economic growth in Uganda and evaluates the equilibrium rate of inflation in the country, given the macroeconomic environment.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Using the threshold model</em><em> </em><em>and data for the period 1991-2017 it is established that</em><em>:</em><em> a) below 7.3</em><em> </em><em>percent inflation level, the relationship between inflation and economic growth is positive and inflation is not harmful to growth, while at levels above 7.3 percent, inflation was detrimental to economic growth and the relationship become negative; b) at economic growth rates above 7.8 percent, inflation was an incentive for further growth, yet at economic growth rates below 7.8 percent per annum, increases in inflation served as a dis-incentive to economic growth. Therefore Uganda in the current conditions is better off maintaining inflation below 7.3 percent as long as the anticipated economic growth is 7.8 percent.</em></p>
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Mawejje, Joseph, and Musa Mayanja Lwanga. "Inflation dynamics and agricultural supply shocks in Uganda." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-07-2015-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirical model for inflation in Uganda, highlighting the role of supply side factors in the domestic agricultural sector. Design/methodology/approach The adopted empirical analysis is based on a single equation model that exploits cointegration techniques and general-to-specific modeling. The analysis controls for historical, seasonal as well as policy factors such as the effects of the global financial crisis, change in monetary policy regime to inflation targeting and monthly seasonal effects. Findings Results indicate that disequilibrium in the money, external and agricultural sectors feed into the Ugandan inflation process in the long run. However, the external and monetary sectors have larger long-run effects on inflation than the agricultural sector. Other factors that influence inflation in the short run include: inflation inertia, real output, money supply, exchange rate movements, foreign prices, monetary policy instruments and seasonal factors. In addition, the paper shows that the inflation-targeting policy has been successful in containing inflationary pressures. Practical implications These findings suggest that in the long-run monetary policy will continue to play an important role in managing Ugandan inflation through money demand management. The inflationary effects of agricultural supply shocks could be mitigated with appropriate domestic actions. In particular, fiscal policy that targets increased productivity and efficiency in agriculture through increased focus on production, irrigation, storage and transportation could reduce the effects of agricultural supply variability on inflation. In addition, policies intended to improve economic growth by expanding total output, control money supply growth and maintaining stability in the foreign exchange markets will help to reduce inflation. Social implications Studies of inflation and its determinants have dominated macroeconomic debates in the past decades because of the importance of price stability in economic growth and household welfare. The major conclusions from those studies are that: high inflation is detrimental to investment and growth; erodes the purchasing power; reduces household welfare; and exacerbates income inequality. Moreover there is a growing strand of literature establishing a causal link between inflation and conflict. Particularly for agricultural households, the effects of inflation are usually felt through the increase in food prices with implications for consumption and food security. These findings indicate the important macro and social implications of inflation. By focusing on the importance of agricultural supply shocks, the paper contributes to a better understanding of the drivers of inflation and how the macro and social effects can be addressed. Originality/value The major contribution of this paper is to try and model an equilibrium relationship in the domestic agricultural sector rather than using proxies such as an output gap measure or rainfall.
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Kayongo, Allan, Asumani Guloba, Joseph Muvawala, and Andrew Ssali. "A Framework for Strengthening and Sustaining Cooperatives for Socio-Economic Transformation in Uganda." Applied Economics and Finance 9, no. 2 (May 3, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v9i2.5554.
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The importance of cooperatives as an appropriate mechanism to address productivity challenges and drive Uganda’s economy for socio-economic transformation is commonly advanced. However, the discussion and efforts on how this should be achieved are weak. Efforts that have been undertaken by the Government, Private players, Civil Society and Development Partners have not yielded much to unlock the potential of the cooperatives in fostering development, enhancing production, productivity, and socio-economic transformation. This is attributed to weaknesses of the prerequisites necessary for the vibrancy of cooperatives namely the: culture of cooperation and trust among cooperators; legal, policy, and regulatory framework for cooperatives; cooperatives’ enabling institutions; prevailing socio-economic environment; and the political economy. This paper uses a multi-dimensional methodology that includes learning from literature; case study analysis; expert-focused interviews; field studies, and; survey questionnaire administration of various types of cooperatives. To this end, the paper defines a framework under which Uganda should strengthen and sustainably regulate its cooperative movement to unlock its potential to drive its socio-economic transformation. In particular, a novel cooperatives’ viability condition in a liberalized market is developed.
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Amaechina, Ebele, Anthony Amoah, Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah, Salome Amuakwa-Mensah, Edward Bbaale, Jorge A. Bonilla, Johanna Brühl, et al. "Policy Note: Policy Responses to Ensure Access to Water and Sanitation Services During COVID-19: Snapshots from the Environment for Development (EfD) Network." Water Economics and Policy 06, no. 04 (October 2020): 2071002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x20710022.
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This policy note provides a snapshot of water and sanitation measures implemented by governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 14 countries in the Global South: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Chile, Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Panama, South Africa, Uganda and Vietnam. We find that many countries have taken action to stop utility disconnections due to non-payment. With the exception of Ghana and Vietnam, few countries are instituting new water subsidy programs, and are instead choosing to defer customers’ bills for future payment, presumably when the pandemic recedes and households will be able to pay their bills. It is easier for the utilities’ COVID-relief policies to target customers with piped connections who regularly receive bills. However, the situation for unconnected households appears more dire. Some countries (e.g., Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda) are attempting to provide unconnected households temporary access to water, but these households remain the most vulnerable. This health crisis has accentuated the importance of strong governance structures and resilient water service providers for dealing with external health, environmental and economic shocks.
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Balirwa, Elizabeth K., and Emmanuel Waholi. "Analysis of Market Participation Behavior Among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p109.
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Market participation of smallholder farming has gained priority in the policy agenda of many developing countries as an engine for economic growth. In Uganda, smallholder dairy farming has been adopted as a strategy for the country’s economic transformation through commercialization but efforts to improve dairy market sales have not been successful. Without appropriate interventions, Uganda may fail to take advantage of the anticipated increase in demand for livestock products. A study to analyze determinants of dairy farmers’ market participation and percentage of milk sales was therefore undertaken in Uganda’s three main milk producing regions. Multistage sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used to select a study sample of 171 representative dairy farming households, with at least one milking cow based on data derived from the REPEAT Survey of 2012. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage selection econometric model. Results show that milk market entry decision was significantly influenced by improved lactating cows (1%), number of lactating cows (1%), milk yield (1%), information access (5%), access to veterinary services (5%) and children less than 6 years (10%). Percentage of milk sales was influenced by information access (1%), number of lactating cows (5%), improved milking breeds (5%) and quantity of milk consumed. Three variables critical to policy intervention in enhancing smallholder dairy farmer participation and intensification are number of lactating cows, improved lactating cows and information access. Quantity of milk consumed suggests supplementation of milk with other protein foods among dairy farmers in Uganda.
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Khasalamwa-Mwandha, Sarah. "Local Integration as a Durable Solution? Negotiating Socioeconomic Spaces between Refugees and Host Communities in Rural Northern Uganda." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910831.
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With a growing number of displaced people, there is a need for robust approaches to coping with displacement. Uganda has a progressive refugee policy that promotes freedom of movement and the socioeconomic rights of the refugees. Specifically, refugees are often allocated land to settle and cultivate rural settlements, and the integrated social service provision facilitates interaction with host communities. However, there remain challenges in creating sustainable livelihoods for refugees in rural settlements. There exist significant tensions over shared resources such as land, water, woodlots, and grazing areas. Based on a survey of 416 households and key informant interviews with South Sudanese refugees in selected settlements in the Adjumani district, the paper highlights refugees’ access to social and economic spaces as critical pathways to sustainable livelihoods and integration. Uganda’s progressive policy expands the opportunity space; however, refugees still encounter significant barriers in accessing the socioeconomic spaces.
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Esaku, Stephen. "Political instability and informality in Uganda: An empirical analysis." European Journal of Applied Economics 18, no. 2 (2021): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ejae18-31159.
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In this paper, we analyzed the long-run relationship between political instability and the shadow economy in Uganda using the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration. We found a negative and statistically significant relationship between political instability and the shadow economy, in both the long-run and short-run. This implies that an improvement in political processes that creates stability in the incumbent regime significantly reduces the shadow economy, consistent with the view that political institutions play a crucial role in facilitating political processes, which in turn reinforce the allocation of economic resources and the provision of public goods and services that improve the welfare of the citizens. This makes it less attractive for the citizens to operate in the shadow economy as the formal economy can now provide much of the needed goods and services. The practical implication of these results is that any attempts by policy makers to reduce activities in the shadow economy should also involve reforming the political system and encouraging civic engagement between the political elites and the citizenry or voters. Additionally, policy makers should formulate policies that reinforce the functioning of political institutions independent of any interference from political elites with rent-seeking behavior.
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Rukundo, PM, JK Kikafunda, and A. Oshaug. "Roles and capacity of duty bearers in the realization of the human right to adequate food in Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 11, no. 48 (December 28, 2011): 5493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.48.10100.
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The right to adequate food recognised under international law provides a strong foundation for eradicating hunger and malnutrition in all nations. Uganda ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in 1987 and thereby committed itself to ensure the realization of the right to adequate food recognised under Article 11 of the Covenant. This study analysed the roles and capacity of duty bearers in the realization of the right to adequate food in Uganda. Structured interviews were held with purposefully selected duty bearers from 11 districts in the country between February and July 2007. Districts were selected by criterion based sampling. Relevant policies, budgets, and legislation were also reviewed, particularly with state obligations on human rights, and capacity of duty bearers in mind. Although this right is expressly recognised in the Food and Nutrition Policy of 2003 in which a multi-sectoral approach is proposed, sector-specific roles are not explicitly defined in Uganda’s institutional and policy framework. Most duty bearer (63%) considered the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) as being responsible for the delays in implementing the relevant actions for the right to food. The Uganda Human Rights Commission (UHRC) reported receiving inadequate budget resources to support the right to food. Only 20% of duty bearers had knowledge of the General Comment 12, which is an important United Nations instrument that defines and elaborates on the human right to adequate food. Duty bearer’s knowledge of the right to food in the national Constitution had a significant (X2 = 0.003; P<0.05) positive correlation (R=0.283) with membership status to an ad hoc Uganda Food and Nutrition Council (UFNC). A proposed Food and Nutrition Bill had taken over 10 years without being presented to the National Parliament for the process of enactment into law. As such, most of the support for this right came from development partners. Whereas the ministry of health and MAAIF are line ministries in the implementation of food and nutrition policy, the right to food roles of the various duty bearers in Uganda need to be well defined. Capacity development is also needed, particularly related to integrating right to food sector-specific roles into the theoretical development and practical implementation of food and nutrition security programmes at all levels in the country.
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Mwesigwa, David Mwesigwa, Alfred Acanga Acanga, Alex Chono Oryang, and Alex Oboi Oboi. "A perspective review on the paradigm shift in Local Economic Development interventions in developmental Uganda." International Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 2, no. 1 (October 20, 2022): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijpid.1075.
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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the success of one LED intervention – the youth livelihood program from obtainable literature.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk review method using secondary data from obtainable policy, theoretical and empirical literature.
Findings: Results suggest a recurrent problem in the selection of beneficiaries, inept business management skills of the youth selected and/or administrative incompetence of fund administrators. Consequently, the need to refocus the current training on agricultural value addition training with a view of meeting the credit value criteria of Commercial Banks and relevant agencies tasked with disbursement of Youth Entrepreneurship Funds is key.
Recommendations: It is encouraged that training of youth in business development, scaling, marketing, and management be integrated into the BTVET curriculum and supported by mentorship programs upon completion of their formal training. Also, mentorships and business incubators and/or hubs need to be set up and to be accessed by the youth themselves country wide.
Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This analysis contributes to the LED policy and YLP practice seeing that it targets household level income generation, creation of prosperity and enhanced sources of revenue, as well as giving support to the active poor to progress basing on the available means.
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Chindengwike, James, and Ruchi Tyagi. "Vector Auto Regressive Analysis identifying government expenditure policy impact on sustainable economic development." Journal of Global Economy 18, no. 2 (June 12, 2022): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v18i2.645.
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This research investigates the effects of government expenditure in Uganda on infrastructure in promoting sustainable economic. The study used a longitudinal research design using financial records from financial years 1984-85 to 2015-16 as population with a sample size of 32 annual observations. The Johansen cointegration test indicates a long-run association between government expenditure in infrastructure, communication, electricity, and financial development. The Granger- Connection findings shows indirect connection between economic development rate and all the parts of public spending that were used with P-Value 0.04 and lastly, the Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) consequences indicated that public spending on infrastructure, communication, and energy, had a direct effect on economic development rate with P-Value 0.00. The paper recommended that extra spending on substantial infrastructures such as roads, airports, railways, water facilities, electricity, and communication add extensively to the economic development rate by growing the efficiency of the public and private sectors.
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Khadiagala, Gilbert M. "Uganda's Domestic and Regional Security Since the 1970s." Journal of Modern African Studies 31, no. 2 (June 1993): 231–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00011915.
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Likethe flow of the Nile, the policy-making environment of ruling élites in Eastern Africa has remained remarkably unaltered over the years. New and old leaderships alike confront the perennial questions of building political authority and legitimacy on fragile socio-economic bases, in addition to finding appropriate modes of inter-state relationships. Uganda has occupied a central place in this structure as a participant in regional economic and political interactions, and since the 1970s as the primary source of instability.
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Théodore Munyuli, Bin Mushambanyi. "Social and Ecological Drivers of the Economic Value of Pollination Services Delivered to Coffee in Central Uganda." Journal of Ecosystems 2014 (March 2, 2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/298141.
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On-farm pollination experiments were conducted in 30 different small-scale coffee fields to determine monetary value attributable to pollination services in coffee production and to identify the degree of influences of various socio-ecological drivers in Uganda. Ecological-economic approaches were applied to determine the economic value of pollinating services. Economic value of bees increased significantly with increase in coffee farm size, bee diversity, and cover of seminatural habitats. The value of bees declined sharply (P<0.05) with forest distance and cultivation intensity. Economic values of pollinating services associated with coffee fields established in regions with low intensity were found to be high. Organically managed small-scale coffee fields were 2 times more profitable than commercially managed farms. The annual value of pollinating services delivered by wild bees oscillated between US$67.18 and US$1431.36. Central Uganda produces in total 0.401 million tons of coffee beans for an approximate economic value of US$214 million from which US$149.42 million are attributable to pollination services. Policy makers should strengthen environmental/agricultural extension service systems to better serve farmers. Farmers are recommended to protect/increase the cover of natural and semi-natural habitats in the vicinity of their coffee fields to receive high economic benefits from pollinating services delivered by bees.
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Yang, Fan, Kenneth R. Katumba, Bram Roudijk, Zhihao Yang, Paul Revill, Susan Griffin, Perez N. Ochanda, et al. "Developing the EQ-5D-5L Value Set for Uganda Using the ‘Lite’ Protocol." PharmacoEconomics 40, no. 3 (November 29, 2021): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-021-01101-x.
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Abstract Objective A ‘lite’ version of the EQ-5D-5L valuation protocol, which requires a smaller sample by collecting more data from each participant, was proposed and used to develop an EQ-5D-5L value set for Uganda. Methods Adult respondents from the general Ugandan population were quota sampled based on age and sex. Eligible participants were asked to complete 20 composite time trade-off tasks in the tablet-assisted personal interviews using the offline EuroQol Portable Valuation Technology software under routine quality control. No discrete choice experiment task was administered. The composite time trade-off data were modelled using four additive and two multiplicative regression models. Model performance was evaluated based on face validity, prediction accuracy in cross-validation and in predicting mild health states. The final value set was generated using the best-performing model. Results A representative sample (N = 545) participated in this study. Responses to composite time trade-off tasks from 492 participants were included in the primary analysis. All models showed face validity and generated comparable prediction accuracy. The Tobit model with constrained intercepts and corrected for heteroscedasticity was considered the preferred model for the value set on the basis of better performance. The value set ranges from − 1.116 (state 55555) to 1 (state 11111) with ‘pain/discomfort’ as the most important dimension. Conclusions This is the first EQ-5D-5L valuation study using a ‘lite’ protocol involving composite time trade-off data only. Our results suggest its feasibility in resource-constrained settings. The established EQ-5D-5L value set for Uganda is expected to be used for economic evaluations and decision making in Uganda and the East Africa region.
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Headey, Derek, and Margaret McMillan. "Understanding Economic Transformation in Africa Through Country Studies." Journal of African Development 14, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.14.2.0001.
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Abstract Economic transformation typically entails changes in the structure of output and the movement of labor from rural to urban areas as the significance of agriculture declines. In most rich countries, this process is accompanied by industrialization. Little is known about this process in Africa at least in part because of a lack of reliable data. To bridge this gap in knowledge, each of the six Africa based country strategy support programs of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) commissioned papers on economic transformation in Africa. The countries studied are Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria and Uganda. In May 2011, IFPRI together with Ghana's Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) hosted a conference in Accra in May 2011 where the papers were presented and discussed. These papers are published in this volume and this note provides an introduction to these papers.
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Deusdedit, Byabashaija, Manyange Michael, and Tumwesigye, K. Johnes. "Administrative Decentralization and Rural Roads Maintenance in Western Uganda." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2022): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2022.v10i10.006.
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The systematic study evaluated the relationship between Administrative Decentralisation and Rural Roads Maintenance in Kanungu District in western Uganda. The research study adopted an exploratory and descriptive research design with quantitative and qualitative paradigms. A sample of 104 respondents were selected from 113 people using Slovene’s formula. Data was garnered using questionnaires and interview schedules and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, Pearson linear correlation coefficient (PLCC) for quantitative data and content analysis was used for summarising qualitative information. The study findings established a significant relationship between Administrative Decentralization and Rural Roads Maintenance in Kanungu District in Western Uganda. The study concluded that Administrative decentralisation is important for rural feeder roads maintenance because it deals with issues to do with provision of quality services to the citizenry. If the roads are well maintained, they can be an impetus to socio-economic development of the country at large. The population can use the roads to transact a number of economic activities for development to blossom. From the study findings, the researcher recommended that the political leadership of Kanungu district local government in Uganda should always recruit competent and knowledgeable persons to oversee the maintenance of rural roads for proper development of the country. This can be done through advertising both in local and national newspapers in order to attract a pool of applicants from which district service commission can choose the right persons and fit square pegs in square holes. The government of Uganda should augment on the budget meant to maintain the rural roads so that local governments can have sufficient money to implement activities related to roads maintenance and engender an environment of growth and progress in the country.
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Theeuwen, Amber, Valérie Duplat, Christopher Wickert, and Brian Tjemkes. "How Do Women Overcome Gender Inequality by Forming Small-Scale Cooperatives? The Case of the Agricultural Sector in Uganda." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041797.
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In Uganda, the agricultural sector contributes substantially to gross domestic product. Although the involvement of Ugandan women in this sector is extensive, female farmers face significant obstacles, caused by gendering that impedes their ability to expand their family business and to generate incomes. Gender refers to social or cultural categories by which women–men relationships are conceived. In this study, we aim to investigate how gendering influences the development of business relationships in the Ugandan agricultural sector. To do so, we employed a qualitative–inductive methodology to collect unique data on the rice and cassava sectors. Our findings reveal at first that, in the agricultural sector in Uganda, inter-organization business relationships (i.e., between non-family actors) are mostly developed by and between men, whereas intra-organization business relationships with family members are mostly developed by women. We learn that gendering impedes women from developing inter-organization business relationships. Impediments for female farmers include their restricted mobility, the lack of trust by men, their limited freedom in communication, household duties, and responsibilities for farming activities up until sales. Our findings also reveal that these impediments to developing inter-organization business relationships prevent female farmers from being empowered and from attainting economic benefits for the family business. In this context, the results of our study show that grouping in small-scale cooperatives offers female farmers an opportunity to overcome gender inequality and to become economically emancipated. Thanks to these cooperatives, women can develop inter-organization relationships with men and other women and gain easier access to financial resources. Small-scale cooperatives can alter gendering in the long run, in favor of more gender equality and less marginalization of women. Our study responds to calls for more research on the informal economy in developing countries and brings further understanding to the effect of gendering in the Ugandan agricultural sector. We propose a theoretical framework with eight propositions bridging gendering, business relationship development, and empowerment and economic benefits. Our framework serves as a springboard for policy implications aimed at fostering gender equality in informal sectors in developing countries.
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Ochieng, Amos, Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers, and René van der Duim. "The battle over the benefits: analysing two sport hunting policy arrangements in Uganda." Oryx 52, no. 2 (January 12, 2017): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000909.
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AbstractIn 2001 sport hunting was reintroduced in Uganda around Lake Mburo National Park, and in 2008 at Kabwoya and Kaiso-Tonya Game Management Area, to derive economic benefits for communities and thus reduce human–wildlife conflict and change communities’ attitudes towards wildlife. We used the policy arrangement approach to analyse and compare the development of the two sport hunting policy arrangements. Through interviews and document review we learned that the arrangement at Lake Mburo changed considerably over time, whereas that at Kabwoya remained relatively stable. The two policy arrangements started with small constellations of actors but turned out to be complex arenas, mainly involving disagreement regarding the benefits. Land ownership proved to be a crucial factor in explaining the differences between the arrangements. Our results also show that benefits do not change communities’ attitudes towards conservation, thus questioning incentive-based policies for conservation. We argue for a careful analysis of the complex social, cultural and political contexts in which conservation and development policies are implemented, to better understand their outcomes.
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SSENYONJO, MANISULI. "TOWARDS NON-DISCRIMINATION AGAINSTWOMEN AND DE JURE EQUALITY IN UGANDA: THE ROLE OF UGANDA'S CONSTITUTIONAL COURT." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 16, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0954889008000042.
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The principles of equality and non-discrimination represent the twin pillars or the cornerstone upon which the whole edifice of human rights law is established.1 At least every State in the world today is a party to a human rights treaty prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex and/or protecting equality between men and women.2 Despite this fact inequality and discrimination remain two major impediments to the enjoyment of human rights of women. Discrimination against women on the basis of sex denies or limits as it does their equality with men, and is ‘fundamentally unjust’ since it violates the principles of equality of rights and respect for human dignity.3 It is an obstacle to the participation of women, on equal terms with men, in the political, social, economic and cultural life of their States, hampers the growth of the prosperity of society and the family and makes more difficult the full development of the potentialities of women.4 International human rights instruments such as Article 3 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)5 and Article 3 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)6 underline commitment to sexual equality in the enjoyment of all civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural rights. Similarly, Article 2 and 3 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) prohibit discrimination and protect equality before the law.7 This demands de jure (or formal) equality and de facto (or substantive) equality for men and women.8 Formal equality assumes that equality is achieved if a law or policy treats men and women in a neutral manner.9 Substantive equality is concerned, in addition, with the effects of laws, policies and practices and with ensuring that they do not maintain, but rather alleviate, the inherent disadvantages that particular groups experience.10
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Sumbai, Gasiano G. N. "Revival of the New East African Community: A New Era of Economic Integration or Re-division among African Regional Powers?" Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 71–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tza20211114.
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This paper examines the forces behind the revival of the East African Community in 1999 and its impact on the structural economic relations in East African countries. It uses political economy as a guiding theory in the analysis. Drawing on a range of written sources ranging from documents of the East Africa Community itself and Southern Africa Development Community such as declarations, protocols, policy statements, trade statistics and parliamentary speeches and secondary sources such as books and newspapers, this paper demonstrates that the interface between the global and regional forces relating to the demise of the Cold War and an effort to create new regional and global structural relations in the post-Cold War caused East African states to revive the defunct East African Community as part of the post-Cold War realignment. Kenya as a regional economic powerhouse driven by agricultural, manufacturing, financial and tourism sectors struggled to protect her national economic interests through regional integration that would limit the growing influence of the post-Apartheid South Africa in eastern Africa. Despite the revival of the Community, the integration did not facilitate Tanzania and Uganda to address the colonial structural economic imbalances, some of which were economic legacies and others emerged during the post-colonial period. Therefore, Tanzania and Uganda continued to depend on Western Europe, North America, Japan and China as their major trading partners, source of capital and technology while Kenya continued to be a regional economic powerhouse.
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Kayima, John K., Aloyce W. Mayo, and Joel K. Nobert. "Hydrology and Hydraulics of the Lubigi Wetland in Uganda." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 37, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v37i1.480.
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The Lubigi wetland, which is located in the north-western part of Kampala, receives polluted water from Kampala city and discharges it into Mayanja River. However, there is lack of information and knowledge on the hydrology and hydraulics of the Lubigi wetland, which are important for protection of wetland ecosystems and fulfill the Uganda national policy for the conservation and management of wetland resources. The national policy aims at promoting the conservation of Uganda’s wetlands, in order to sustain their ecological and socio-economic functions for the present and future well- being of all the people of Uganda. Pertinent data collection, field tests and surveys were carried out to gather data necessary for establishing the current status of the hydraulics and hydrology of Lubigi wetland. The results revealed that the Lubigi wetland demonstrates considerable impounding reservoir and flood buffering capacity. This is an important service provided by the wetland, to alleviate possible negative impacts of storms and floods events. The Lubigi wetland total influents and effluents discharges, have mean values of 222,377.60±132,365 m3 /day and 221,356.80±122,256 m3 /d, respectively. The wetland water balance is dominated by the influent discharges which account for 93.21% of the total water influx, and the effluent discharges which account for 97.7% of the total water outflow. The wetland main study area hydraulic residence times, varies between 6.0 hours and 10 days. Hence, the wetland is endowed with abundant water fluxes, water impounding capacity and adequate hydraulic retention times. The volumetric efficiency of the wetland main study area is 63% and 38% during wet season and dry season, respectively. This indicates that on average only about 50% of the volume of the Lubigi wetland main study area is lost through short-circuiting. The dispersion number of the wetland was about 0.01 to 0.03, which indicates that the flow regime through wetland is close to plug flow.
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Bandiera, Oriana, Niklas Buehren, Robin Burgess, Markus Goldstein, Selim Gulesci, Imran Rasul, and Munshi Sulaiman. "Women’s Empowerment in Action: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial in Africa." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 210–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170416.
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We evaluate a multifaceted policy intervention attempting to jump-start adolescent women’s empowerment in Uganda by simultaneously providing them vocational training and information on sex, reproduction, and marriage. We find that four years postintervention, adolescent girls in treated communities are more likely to be self-employed. Teen pregnancy, early entry into marriage/cohabitation, and the share of girls reporting sex against their will fall sharply. The results highlight the potential of a multifaceted program that provides skills transfers as a viable and cost-effective policy intervention to improve the economic and social empowerment of adolescent girls over a four-year horizon. (JEL I25, J12, J13, J16, J23, J24, O15)
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Namagembe, Sheila, S. Ryan, and Ramaswami Sridharan. "Green supply chain practice adoption and firm performance: manufacturing SMEs in Uganda." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-10-2017-0119.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between five green practices and firm performance. In addition, this paper investigates the influence of each green practice on environmental performance, economic benefits, and economic costs. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected based on a cross-sectional survey of owner/managers of 200 manufacturing SME firms in Uganda, Africa. SPSS was used to find descriptive means and test relationships between green practices and performance outcomes. Structural equation modelling was used to test for the influence of each practice on performance outcomes. The structural equation modelling results were obtained using the Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling software. Results were compared with similar studies conducted in developing countries. Findings Different green practices affect different performance dimensions in different ways across different industries. For example, eco-design and internal environmental management practices significantly influence environmental performance; green purchasing and internal environmental management practices significantly influence economic benefits; and internal environmental management practices affect economic costs. Overall internal environmental management is the key to positive outcomes across the three performance criteria. The authors show how the results obtained vary from similar studies conducted in developing countries and explain possible reasons for the difference. Research limitations/implications Africa is a rapidly industrialising nation faced with difficult choices between economic growth and increased pollution. Because SMEs represent the majority of manufacturing firms, they are the main polluters. Hence, better understanding of the costs and benefits, both environmental and economic, is important to encourage green practice adoption for the betterment of community health and prosperity. Originality/value Despite numerous studies on the relationships between green practice adoption and performance outcomes, only a few studies include both economic costs and benefits in addition to environmental performance. The study covers five green supply chain practices, whereas most similar studies are limited in the number of practices examined. The African context is unique and important because industrial development and environmental protection goals are in conflict. Similar studies are predominant in an Asian context which is more developed than Africa. The findings and comparisons raise important questions for further research in relation to the roles of national regulations, geographical markets and industry types in furthering green practices in manufacturing.
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Renner, Julia. "New Power Structures and Shifted Governance Agendas Disrupting Climate Change Adaptation Developments in Kenya and Uganda." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072799.
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Kenya and Uganda are currently two of the fastest growing countries in the East African Community. The political leaderships’ prioritization of sociopolitical and economic development, combined with the wish for a closer integration into the world market, shifted the countries’ governance structures and agenda setting. Undertaken economic projects, including oil explorations, mining and gold extractions, flower farming and intense rice growing, put conservation areas at great risk and led to a decrease of the country’s wetland and forest cover. Accordingly, the impact of climate change on the vulnerability of countries is increasing. The paper critically investigates how particularly recent economic investments by national and international companies question the coherence between the institutional framework on climate policies, especially on a sub-national level of decision-making. Based on two field visits to the area, this paper raises the question of how the institutional frameworks shape climate governance processes in Kenya and Uganda. Looking at both political and climate governance structures from a pragmatic perspective, this paper concludes that the insufficient implementation of existing governance structures hampers the better integration of climate policies. National actors do not consider climate financing as an important issue which results in the fragmentation and undermining of climate policy processes.
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Wasim, Syeda Zuimah, Khurram Iftikhar, and Syed Zia Abbas Rizvi. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL INCLUSION, TRADE, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.757.
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This study inspects relation between financial inclusion, trade, and economic growth in twenty-four developing countries namely Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Kuwait, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Moldova, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Rwanda, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia from period 2004-2020(both inclusive) by scrutinizing effect of financial inclusion and trade on economic growth with an emphasis on whether financial inclusion catalyzes ‘the influence of trade on economic growth by employing Newey West standard approach, Feasible Generalized Least Square, Pooled Ordinary Least Square regression, Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model. Results found a strong, significant, and positive association linking financial inclusion and trade with economic growth. Policy implications are developing countries should frame and execute pro-growth policies to enhance financial inclusion which will boost the impact of trade on growth. Moreover, developing economies should establish more multilateral trade agreements, diversify their export baskets and ensure that trade happens through formal financial institutions Keywords: Financial inclusion index, Trade, Economic growth, FGLS. JEL Codes: E01, F1, G53
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Kizza, James, and Namukasa Samali. "Microfinance risk management, social mission and financial performance during the Covid-19 pandemic in Uganda." American Journal of Finance 7, no. 2 (May 5, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.1017.
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Introduction: Microfinance is an economic tool promoted to extend financial services to the vulnerable groups excluded from the formal financial institutions. The Covid-19 pandemic containment measures disrupted the economic activities of the poor and made it hard for microfinance institutions (MFIs) to reach out to poor.
Purpose: This paper sets out to investigate the relationship between microfinance institutions risk management, social mission and financial performance of MFIs during the Covid-19 pandemic in Uganda. The study objectives were to investigate the relationship between risk management and financial performance of MFIs during the Covid-19 pandemic in Uganda and to investigate the relationship between the microfinance social mission and financial performance of MFIs during the Covid-19 pandemic in Uganda.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study that involved 53 respondents conveniently selected from six (6) MFIs from Central Uganda working in the area of credit. The data was collected during the late period of the year 2021 using a self –administered questionnaire and analysed using STATA 12 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study findings revealed the existence of a significant positive relationship between risk management and the social mission (0.88; ); risk management and financial performance (0.91; ); the social mission and financial performance (0.88; ). Collectively, the predictor variables explain 85% of the variation in microfinance financial performance (Adjusted R-squared 0.85; p<0.00).
Recommendations: It is recommended that while designing risk management strategies, the focus be put on the social mission that will translate in the attainment of the financial objective. Attempts should be made by policy makers to help MFIs design strategies that integrate the dual bottom line with the triple bottom line.
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Kasozi, A. B. K. "The Role of the State in Addressing Challenges and Opportunities Posed by the Rapid Growth of Universities in Uganda since 1988." African Studies Review 45, no. 2 (September 2002): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600031450.
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Abstract:This article reviews the challenges and opportunities posed by the rapid growth of private universities in Uganda since 1988 and tries to identify areas of the private university system in which the state can play a positive role. It argues that the state should not leave the operation of the system entirely to market forces but should positively regulate their activities without control. Seven challenges are identified. These include the management challenge, the financing of these institutions, meeting the ever increasing demand for higher education, the devising of relevant curricula, addressing the dearth of qualified academic staff, the formation of a comprehensive national higher education policy, and the maintenance of institutional autonomy tempered by accountability of each of tfiese new university institutions. At the same time, the article identifies a number of opportunities that these institutions could take advantage of. These include the positive economic development the country has been registering for the last decade and half, the resilience of the lower educational system, the social need for higher education, the policy of Universal Primary Education (UPE), the interest of the current government in education development, and the positive international attitude toward Uganda.
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Lubaale, Grace. "Domestic violence and development implications in Budaka district." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2022.002598.
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Budaka is one of the 146 districts in Uganda experiencing domestic violence (DV) with 5016 cases, recorded in 2020. This was a significant number with obvious development repercussions despite relevant regulations, prohibiting the vice. The purpose of this study is to determine the nature and causes of domestic violence in Budaka district, development implications, and then suggest a course of action. A mixed-methods approach that included desk review and interviews to obtain quantitative and qualitative data, respectively was used. Domestic violence affects people of all ages, education levels, income levels, social standing, and religions, and manifests itself in form of physical, economic, sexual, political, religious, cultural and psychological. Poverty, culture, ethical and moral failure, biological vulnerability of women, and difficulties in obtaining evidence are the causes of domestic violence with far-reaching economic, political, and social development implications in Budaka district. In conclusion, domestic violence exists in Budaka district as a social construct with enormous developmental ramifications. The study recommends deconstruction through adopting Uganda's National Gender Policy of 2007, gender mainstreaming in the district, enacting by-laws, gender monitoring and evaluation, and strengthening Mifuni NGO in the fight against domestic violence
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Faisal, Buyinza, Teera Joweria, and Bateganya Fred Henry. "Consequences of HIV Infection on Household Assets and Human Capital Investment in Uganda: Micro Evidence." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 12 (November 19, 2017): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n12p202.
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This paper studies the effect of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on economic decision making using the Uganda National Household Survey (2010). The findings indicate that household’s HIV and AIDS status, education and social-economic factors are important in explaining low household’s asset accumulation and school enrolments of children in Uganda especially at primary school level. Household savings and assets accumulation findings show that household’s HIV and AIDS status and their education levels, marital status and the employment status are consistently associated with lower savings. Major implications of these results is that raising women’s education improves their economic opportunities and the behavioral responses in sexual interaction will lead to decline in HIV infection by reducing the willingness to engage in unprotected sex. In fact, we find that educational performance declines in those HIV infected households in which the father is living with HIV. The paper recognizes the policy challenges surrounding the HIV and AIDS -education linkage and considers some of the strategies that have been implemented to improve the schooling outcomes of children from households of people living with HIV (PLHIV). We find a weak positive effect of HIV infection on savings and a significant positive effect on school enrolment and educational expenses for children. High-perceived infection risk has a positive albeit imprecise influence on school enrollment and educational expenses, but no effect on savings.
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Okoli , Millicent Adaeze, and Ibrahim Abegunde . "The Link between Regional Trade of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and Sustainability of the Countries." Global Journal of Economics and Trade 1, no. 1 (September 29, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.58425/gjet.v1i1.36.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between regional trade of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and sustainability of the countries.
Methodology: The study utilized a nonexperimental panel study. Panel data analysis was adopted in this study because of the sample size and the data used is cross-sectional. To test for autocorrelation, two common tests were used. That is the Baltagi and Wu’s LBI test or the Durbin Watson modified test. These tests are able to handle all sorts of panel data with minimal bias and great efficiency.
Results: The region recorded an average 26.02% GDP investment rate. There was an average 41.99 percent and 2.03 percent growth in extra regional and intraregional trade respectively. This clearly showed that the EAC countries (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) have participated more in trade with other non-EAC member states than with EAC member states.
Conclusion: From the empirical findings, this study concludes that sustainability and trade in the Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania have a relationship that varies across countries. Kenya has a significant unidirectional relationship between intra-regional trade and the growth of GDP per capita while all the other countries reveal that such a relationship does not exist.
Recommendation: Policy recommendations suggested that Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania presidents should implement strategies that enhance cooperation and integration. This is the case because empirical results indicate intra-regional trade contributes a huge chunk with respect to economic growth in the EAC countries.
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Lee, Hyejin. "The Current Status and Constraints of Drought-Tolerant Maize Adoption in Uganda." Open Agriculture Journal 14, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010098.
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Agriculture is an economic backbone of many sub-Saharan African countries, including Uganda. However, the country is grappling with slow agricultural development and food insecurity. Concurrently, Uganda faces climatic challenges that likely become further constraints for agricultural production. Maize is one of its major crops and serves as a food and cash crop for smallholders. However, its productivity remains low. To improve maize productivity under increasing temperatures and droughts, drought-tolerant maize (DTM) has been released, but it is not widely adopted. The objective of this study is, therefore, to review the current situation of DTM adoption in Uganda and identify characteristic differences between adopters and non-adopters and possible constraints for wider adoption. In doing so, available literature, policy documents and relevant reports on the subject were reviewed. The systemic approach was not feasible due to limited availability of reliable sources. Drought-tolerant maize adopters in Uganda appeared to be better endowed with production resources such as larger farmland, be more informed, educated and experienced, have a larger household, use more inputs more efficiently, earn higher income and harvest better yield. Major constraints to DTM adoption included lack of awareness, limited seed availability and accessibility, complementary input requirement, existing DTM attributes and dubious market quality of seed and fertilizer. These constraints and adoption characteristics seemed intertwined as a virtuous or vicious cycle for DTM adoption. Although a broad range of DTM adoption constraints is identified at a household, market and national level, DTM can be an effective means to improve maize productivity under climatic challenges in Uganda. To promote its adoption, the government should take more supportive measures and effective strategies for sustainable DTM uptake.
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Grisley, W., and David Mwesigwa. "Socio-Economic Determinant of Seasonal Cropland Fallowing Decisions: Smallholders in South-western Uganda." Journal of Environmental Management 42, no. 1 (September 1994): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1994.1062.
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Odwee, Ambrose, Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Christine Amongi Acup, Patrick Kyamanywa, Robinson Ssebuufu, Richard Obura, Jude B Agaba, et al. "Malnutrition amongst HIV adult patients in selected hospitals of Bushenyi district in southwestern Uganda." African Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i1.17.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Malnutrition is an important clinical outcome amongst HIV patients in developing countries and in Uganda, there is scarcity of information on its prevalence and risk factors amongst HIV adult patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study amongst 253 HIV patients in Bushenyi district assessed their nutritional status using the body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and a questionnaire was used to identify major risk factors.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 38.74 ± 0.80 yrs, while females and males were 52.2% and 47.8% respectively. Prevalence of malnutrition was 10.28% (95% CI: 6.82 – 14.69) in the study. Major socio-economic factors associated with malnutrition were being female, unemployed, dependent and with many family members. Patients with op- portunistic infections, low adherence to HAART, and stage of HIV/AIDS had a higher risk of malnutrition.
Discussion: In rural communities, a majority of malnourished patients are elderly and these were identified as priority groups for HIV outreach campaigns. The current policy of prioritizing children and women is outdated due to changing disease dynamics, thus showing a need to revise extension service provision in rural communities.
Conclusion: Malnutrition is a threat in HIV adult patients in rural communities of Uganda.
Keywords: Malnutrition; HIV adult patients; Bushenyi district; Uganda.