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Kirabira, John Baptist, Gunnar Wijk, Stefan Jonsson, and Joseph Kadoma Byaruhanga. "Fireclay Refractories from Ugandan Kaolinitic Minerals." steel research international 77, no. 8 (2006): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200606426.
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Olupot, Peter W., Stefan Jonsson, and Joseph K. Byaruhanga. "Development and characterisation of triaxial electrical porcelains from Ugandan ceramic minerals." Ceramics International 36, no. 4 (2010): 1455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.02.006.
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Olupot, Peter W., Stefan Jonsson, and Joseph K. Byaruhanga. "Study of Glazes and Their Effects on Properties of Triaxial Electrical Porcelains from Ugandan Minerals." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 19, no. 8 (2010): 1133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-010-9597-1.
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Manano, John, Patrick Ogwok, and George William Byarugaba-Bazirake. "Chemical Composition of Major Cassava Varieties in Uganda, Targeted for Industrialisation." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n1p1.
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Uganda is one of the major cassava producing countries in the world. Currently, utilization of cassava is limited to semi-processed products through the informal sector. Cassava has technological potential as a raw material for agro-industrial products, such as flours for baked products, animal feeds and starch. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of five major cassava varieties grown in Nebbi distict (Uganda), to assess their potential as industrial raw materials. Analysis of the chemical composition of local (Nyamatia and Nyarukeca) and improved (NASE 3, NASE 14, and NASE 19) cassava varieties was carried out using standard methods. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences between the varieties indicating high levels of starch, calcium, magnesium, cyanonenic glucosides and phytates. The cassava varieties contain low levels of protein, lipids and minerals with respect to recommended daily intake of these nutrients. Moisture contents ranged from 5.43 for Nyamatia to 10.87 for NASE 19; ash from 1.05 for Nyamatia to 2.39 for NASE 14; crude fiber from 1.06 for Nyamatia to 1.18 for NASE 19; crude protein from 0.74 for Nyarukeca to 1.51 for NASE 14; crude lipid from 0.39 for Nyamatia to 0.63 for NASE 19; and starch contents from 66.72 for NASE 19 to 84.42 for NASE 3. The mineral contents (mg/kg): calcium ranged from 13.15 for Nyamatia to 16.56 for NASE 3; iron ranged from 0.002 for Nyarukeca to 0.01 for NASE 19; zinc ranged from 0.56 for Nyamatia to 0.87 for NASE 3; magnesium ranged from 3.58 for NASE 19 to 3.88 for Nyarukeca; and copper ranged from 0.002 for Nyamatia to 0.14 for NASE 3. The contents of anti-nutrients (mg/kg): cyanogenic glucosides ranged from 30 in NASE 3 and NASE 19 to 800 in Nyamatia; phytates ranged from 661.33 in Nyarukeca to 984.64 in NASE 3; oxalates ranged from 90.6 in Nyarukeca to 227.8 in NASE 3; and tannin ranged from 0.18 in Nyarukeca to 0.33 in NASE 3. Based on the chemical composition results, all the cassava varieties studied contain higher levels of cyanogenic glucosides than recommended by Ugandan and East African Standards, making them unsafe for direct utilization as food and food raw materials for industries at levels beyond 30% in food formulations. The high starch levels in all the cassava varieties make them valuable raw materials for starch and starch-related industries.
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Rode, Karyn D., Patrick I. Chiyo, Colin A. Chapman, and Lee R. McDowell. "Nutritional ecology of elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and its relationship with crop-raiding behaviour." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 4 (2006): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003233.
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This study investigated the nutritional ecology of forest elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda relative to crop-raiding behaviour, and examined nutritional differences between crops and food consumed by wild elephants. An index of dietary nutrient concentration was determined by quantifying the species and parts of plants consumed along feeding trails, collecting food items, and analysing foods for energy, fibre, protein, minerals and secondary compounds. Frequency of crop raiding was quantified over 13 mo. Energy and protein concentration was within suggested levels, but concentrations of several minerals, particularly sodium, were low relative to requirements based on captive elephants and values reported for other wild populations. The very low sodium concentrations of Kibale elephant diets and low availability of alternative sodium sources, such as soil or water, suggest that sodium drive is very likely in this population. Crops consumed by Kibale elephants had higher Na concentrations and lower concentrations of fibre and secondary compounds than wild diets. The known attraction of elephants to mineral sources throughout their range and the low mineral concentration of leaves, fruits, bark, and stems consumed by forest elephant in this study suggest that mineral nutrition is likely to be an important factor driving elephant behaviour and patterns of habitat use.
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Mihafu, Fabian D., Beatrice N. Kiage, Judith K. Okoth, and Andrew K. Nyerere. "Nutritional Composition and Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) Grown in East Africa." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 6 (2020): 988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666191125105433.
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Background: Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) is becoming one of the most popular plantbased foods that contain the greatest amount of nutrients particularly omega-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid. It is therefore considered a functional food with pronounced health benefits. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the proximate composition, minerals, fatty acid profiles and phytochemical contents of chia seeds grown in East Africa (Kenya and Uganda). Methods: Official methods of analysis, 2005 were adopted, minerals determined by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, phytochemicals were determined by standard methods and fatty acid profiles were analyzed by Gas chromatography. Results: Proximate composition indicated high contents of protein, fat and fiber. The fatty acid profiles revealed great amounts of α-linolenic acid (45.29-56.99%) followed by linoleic acid (15.9- 20.28%) and oleic acid (6.88-11.58%). However, the difference in the content of α-linolenic acid between samples was not significant (p = 0.7391). Mineral determination (mg/100g) showed high contents of potassium (492.96-862.98), phosphorous (486.45-569.45), calcium (297.47-429.09) and magnesium (192.22-202.97) while considerable amount was observed for iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. There was a significant difference (p = 0.0001) in mineral content between black chia Molo and white chia Bukembo with the exception of phosphorus. Conclusion: Both black and white chia seeds grown in East Africa, observed to have high amounts of α-linolenic acid, proteins, fats, fiber, and minerals. These findings support the evidence that chia is rich in nutrients that are beneficial to human health. Therefore, we suggest its incorporation in diets as a healthy food ingredient.
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Kosyanov, V. A. "African horizons of Russian science and education." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2019-6-5-10.
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Based on the results of the first Russia—Africa Summit and Economic Forum, priority areas of economic cooperation, according to which concrete results can be achieved in the coming years, were identified. These are modern and high-tech mining and processing of minerals, geological exploration, energy (including renewable energy sources), infrastructure development (specifically the construction of railways and housing), agriculture, digital technology, medicine, science and education. Cooperation between Russian universities and African countries occupies a special place. Currently implemented by the Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting (MGRI), the scientific and educational initiative for the development of the mineral resource base of Uganda, presented in June 2019 to the country’s President Yoweri Museveni, is the basis for International cooperation between Russian universities in the East African region.
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Costa, Cecilia, Silvia Scabini, Arvind Kaimal, et al. "Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasonography and Urinary Retinol-Binding Protein in Antiretroviral-Treated Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Uganda: A Pilot Study." Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 2 (2020): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa088.
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Abstract Background Data on bone health and renal impairment in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited settings are limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) in predicting bone mineral density (BMD) reduction in a population of Ugandan HIV-infected individuals receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy; the secondary end point was to assess the prevalence of proximal tubular dysfunction and the correlation between elevated urinary retinol-binding protein–urinary creatinine ratio (uRBP/uCr) and reduced BMD. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. We included 101 HIV-infected adults who had been receiving continuous antiretroviral therapy for ≥10 years and had undergone dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during the previous 12 months. All patients underwent calcaneal QUS evaluation and urine sample collection. Results DXA BMD measurements were significantly associated (P &lt; .01) with calcaneal speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation, and QUS index. Forty-seven individuals (47%) had abnormal uRBP/uCr values. A significant inverse correlation was observed between uRBP/uCr and DXA T scores (lumbar [P = .03], femoral neck [P &lt; .001], and total hip [P = .002]). Conclusions Calcaneal QUS results showed a moderate correlation with DXA outputs. The identified high prevalence of subclinical tubular impairment also highlights the importance of expanding access to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate–sparing regimens in resource-limited settings.
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Hatert, Frédéric, Edward S. Grew, Pietro Vignola, et al. "Crystal chemistry and nomenclature of fillowite-type phosphates." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 4 (2021): 781–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000043.
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ABSTRACT The crystal chemistries of five samples of minerals belonging to the fillowite group were structurally investigated: (A) fillowite from the Buranga pegmatite, Rwanda; (B) fillowite from the Kabira pegmatite, Uganda; (C) johnsomervilleite from Loch Quoich, Scotland; (D) johnsomervilleite from the Malpensata pegmatite, Italy; and (E) chladniite from the Sapucaia pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Their crystal structures were refined in space group R (No. 148), using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, to R1 values of (A) 3.79%, (B) 3.52%, (C) 4.14%, (D) 4.04%, and (E) 5.59%. Unit-cell parameters are: (A) a = 15.122(1), c = 43.258(4) Å; (B) a = 15.125(1), c = 43.198(3) Å; (C) a = 15.036(2), c = 42.972(9) Å; (D) a = 15.090(2), c = 43.050(9) Å; and (E) a = 15.1416(6), c = 43.123(2) Å. The asymmetric unit contains 15 cation sites with coordinations ranging from V to IX, as well as six P sites. The complex structure can be split into three types of chains running parallel to the c axis. These chains are composed of edge- and face-sharing polyhedra. Detailed cation distributions were determined for all five samples, and their comparison allowed us to establish the general formula A3BC11(PO4)9 for fillowite-type phosphates, where A represents the group of sites mainly occupied by Na, B the Ca sites, and C the sites containing the divalent cations Fe2+, Mn, and Mg. This formula was accepted by the CNMNC, and the four valid mineral species occurring in the fillowite group are fillowite (C = Mn), johnsomervilleite (C = Fe2+), chladniite (C = Mg), and galileiite (B and C = Fe2+). Stornesite-(Y) is discredited, since this mineral corresponds to Y-bearing chladniite.
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Lugolole, Robert, and Sam Kinyera Obwoya. "The Effect of Thickness of Aluminium Films on Optical Reflectance." Journal of Ceramics 2015 (February 9, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/213635.
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In Uganda and Africa at large, up to 90% of the total energy used for food preparation and water pasteurization is from fossil fuels particularly firewood and kerosene which pollute the environment, yet there is abundant solar energy throughout the year, which could also be used. Uganda is abundantly rich in clay minerals such as ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, and quartz from which ceramic substrates were developed. Aluminium films of different thicknesses were deposited on different substrates in the diffusion pump microprocessor vacuum coater (Edwards AUTO 306). The optical reflectance of the aluminium films was obtained using a spectrophotometer (SolidSpec-3700/DUV-UV-VIS-NIR) at various wave lengths. The analysis of the results of the study revealed that the optical reflectance of the aluminium films was above 50% and increased with increasing film thickness and wavelength. Thus, this method can be used to produce reflector systems in the technology of solar cooking and other appliances which use solar energy.
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Hogarth, D. D., and J. E. T. Horne. "Non-metamict uranoan pyrochlore and uranpyrochlore from tuff near Ndale, Fort Portal area, Uganda." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 370 (1989): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.370.14.
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AbstractA thin (100 m) cover of flat-lying, Recent, calcite-rich tuff at Ndale near Fort Portal, Uganda, unconformably overlies steeply dipping Precambrian metamorphic rocks. It is locally radioactive owing to uranium-rich pyrochlore minerals and lesser amounts of zircon, monazite, titanite, and an unidentified thorium phosphate. In one concentrate, four grains of uranpyrochlore and one grain of uranoan pyrochlore showed a positive linear correlation of Ti with U, and negative linear correlations of Ti with Na, F and Sr. Ta remained high and relatively constant [11 anal., ave. 14.5 (0.6)% Ta2O5]. In the same concentrate the composition of a separate grain of uranoan pyrochlore did not plot on these lines and Ta was comparatively low [2 anal., ave. 4.5 (0.3)% Ta2O5]. The data suggest two separate paths of differentiation. However, zoned grains were not observed. Unit cells were cubic with a = 10.351 ± 0.002 Å for a grain with 12.9% UO2tot and 10.333 ± 0.002 Å for a grain with 26.6% UO2tot. On heating in air the cell size decreased, possibly due to oxidation of U4+. The crystalline nature of these minerals can be attributed to a very young (4000–5000 yr) geological age.
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Namutebi, Estellina. "Eco-socio Impact of Mineral Resource Mining in the Karamoja Region of Uganda." Journal of Science and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jssd.v6i1.4.
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Kearney, Sean, Steven J. Fonte, Abraham Salomon, Johan Six, and Kate M. Scow. "Forty percent revenue increase by combining organic and mineral nutrient amendments in Ugandan smallholder market vegetable production." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 32, no. 4 (2012): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0097-6.
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Kiwanuka, Frank. "Complementary and Alternative Medicine use: Influence of Patients’ Satisfaction with Medical Treatment among Breast Cancer Patients at Uganda Cancer Institute." Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine 6, no. 1 (2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.6n.1p.24.
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Introduction: Use of Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is high among cancer patients especially breast cancer patients. This study sought to evaluate Complementary and alternative medicine use in breast cancer patients and how its use is influencedby patient’s satisfaction with conventional medical treatment among breast cancer patients attending Uganda Cancer Institute. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. Participants who were diagnosed histologically with breast cancer at Uganda Cancer Institute took part in the study. A questionnaire was developed and used to interview the participants and medical records of the respondents were also reviewed. Results: A total of 235 participants completed the study. The prevalence of CAM use was 77%. CAM therapies used included herbal medicines, prayer for health, vitamins/minerals, native healers, Chinese medicines, massage, yoga, Ayurvedic medicine, Acupuncture, reflexolog, Support group attendance, meditation, Magnetic and Bio-fieldmanipulation. Satisfaction with medical treatment was significantlyassociated with CAM use. Patients who are not satisfiedwith medical treatment were more likely to use CAM. Conclusion: There is a high number of breast cancer patients using CAM, various categories of therapies are being used and patients’ satisfaction with medical treatment triggers off a patients decision to use CAM therapies.
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Nyenje, P. M., L. M. G. Meijer, J. W. Foppen, R. Kulabako, and S. Uhlenbrook. "Transport and retention of phosphorus in surface water in an urban slum area." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (2013): 10277–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-10277-2013.
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Abstract. The transport of excessive phosphorus (P) discharged from unsewered informal settlements (slums) due to poor on-site sanitation is largely unknown. Hence, we investigated the processes governing P transport in a 28 km2 slum-dominated catchment in Kampala, Uganda. During high runoff events and a period of base flow, we collected hourly water samples (over 24 h) from a primary channel draining the catchment and from a small size tertiary channel draining one of the contributing slum areas (0.5 km2). Samples were analyzed for orthophosphate (PO4-P), particulate P (PP), total P (TP) and selected hydro-chemical parameters. Channel bed and suspended sediments were collected to determine their sorption potential, geo-available metals and dominant P forms. We found that P inputs in the catchment originated mainly from domestic wastewater as evidenced by high concentrations of Cl (36–144 mg L-1), HCO3 and other cations in the channels. Most P discharged during low flow conditions was particulate implying that much of it was retained in bed sediments. Retained P was mostly bound to Ca and Fe/Al oxides. Hence, we inferred that mineral precipitation and adsorption to Ca-minerals were the dominant P retention processes. Bed sediments were P-saturated and showed a tendency to release P to discharging waters. P released was likely due to Ca-bound P because of the strong correlation between Ca and total P in sediments (r2 = 0.9). High flows exhibited a strong flush of PP and SS implying that part of P retained was frequently flushed out of the catchment by surface erosion and resuspension of bed sediment. Our findings suggest that P accumulated in the channel bed during low flows and then was slowly released into surface water. Hence, it will likely take some time, even with improved wastewater management practices, before P loads to downstream areas can be significantly reduced.
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Okello, Jaspher, John B. L. Okullo, Gerald Eilu, Philip Nyeko, and Joseph Obua. "Mineral composition ofTamarindus indicaLINN (tamarind) pulp and seeds from different agro-ecological zones of Uganda." Food Science & Nutrition 5, no. 5 (2017): 959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.490.
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Okori, Patrick, Patrick R. Rubaihayo, Ekwamu Adipala, and Christina Dixelius. "Interactive Effects of Host, Pathogen and Mineral Nutrition on Grey Leaf Spot Epidemics in Uganda." European Journal of Plant Pathology 110, no. 2 (2004): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ejpp.0000015326.69837.00.
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Kongai, H., J. Mangisoni, G. Elepu, E. Chilembwe, and D. Makoka. "Smallholder orange farmer access to markets in Uganda." African Crop Science Journal 28, no. 2 (2020): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i2.11.
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Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a major dietary component globally, responsible for supplying nutrients and phytochemicals of biological and health influence such as minerals, vitamins, fiber, flavonoids, limonoids, and carotenoids and antioxidant. It accounts for more than 50% of the citrus fruits produced world-over. It is a popular fruit in sub-Saharan Africa, though its level of consumption per capita is by global standards very low. In Uganda, orange production is mostly concentrated in eastern and northern parts; mostly grown by small holder farmers who are plagued by a milliard of production and marketing constraints. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of institutional, infrastructural and socio-economic factors on smallholder access to orange markets in Uganda. The study was conducted in Kaberamaido, Kumi and Soroti Districts in eastern Uganda, using cross sectional data, during 2011-2012. Probit model results showed that the key institutional factor that affected smallholder access to markets was institutional belonging; the infrastructural factors entailed ownership of mobile phone and location of household; while age of household head, household size and output price constituted the socio-economic factors. Mobile phone, household size and age of household head elicited the highest effect on the probability for smallholder market access, and the magnitude of effect is shown by flexibilities of 0.5, -0.06 and 0.02, respectively. Tobit model estimates showed that market information, and household location constituted institutional and infrastructural factors affecting market access, respectively; while age of trees, output, output price and occupation of household head constituted the socio-economic factors. The critical factors that affect the extent of market access include location, market information, primary occupation of household head and quantity of output as shown by flexibilities of -0.6, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.03, respectively. Based on the Probit and Tobit model estimates, market information, mobile phone and quantity of outputs constitute critical institutional, infrastructural and socio-economic factors that affect smallholder market access. Therefore, opportunity for unlocking the potential for smallholders to access orange markets exists in boosting the level of output and facilitating linkage to markets.
 Key words: Citrus sinensis, infrastructural, institutional
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Stoppa, F., A. R. Woolley, F. E. Lloyd, and N. Eby. "Carbonatite lapilli-bearing tuff and a dolomite carbonatite bomb from Murumuli crater, Katwe volcanic field, Uganda." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 4 (2000): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549661.
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AbstractA group of carbonate-rich tuffs are described from the Murumuli crater, Katwe-Kikorongo volcanic field, SW Uganda which contain abundant carbonatite pelletal lapilli, together with melilitite lapilli and a range of xenocrysts and lithic fragments including clinopyroxenites considered to be of mantle origin. The carbonatite lapilli consist essentially of Sr-bearing calcite and Mg-calcite which form quench-textured laths. The lapilli contain microphenocrysts of Ti-magnetite, perovskite, apatite, clinopyroxene, sanidine and altered prisms of melilite. A 7 cm long dolomite carbonatite bomb is described which displays a form typically assumed by lava clots erupted in a molten state. Chemical analyses of a tuff, the bomb and a range of minerals are presented. Carbonatite clearly played an important role in the Katwe-Kikorongo magmatism and it is suggested that carbonatite magma evolved from carbonate-bearing melilitite.
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Nabwire, Florence, Ann Prentice, Matthew M. Hamill, et al. "Changes in Bone Mineral Density During and After Lactation in Ugandan Women With HIV on Tenofovir‐Based Antiretroviral Therapy." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 35, no. 11 (2020): 2091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4121.
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Mukasa-Tebandeke, I. Z., P. J. M. Ssebuwufu, S. A. Nyanzi, et al. "The Elemental, Mineralogical, IR, DTA and XRD Analyses Characterized Clays and Clay Minerals of Central and Eastern Uganda." Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 05, no. 02 (2015): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2015.52010.
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Kigozi, J., Y. Byaruhanga, N. Banadda, and A. Kaaya. "Characterisation of the Physico-chemical Properties of Selected White Sorghum Grain and Flours for the Production of Ice Cream Cones." Open Food Science Journal 7, no. 1 (2013): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874256401307010023.
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Six white sorghum varieties (MUC007/11, MUC007/27, MUC007/193, MUC007/80, MUC007/171, MUC007/174) available in Uganda were evaluated for their suitability as alternate materials for the production of ice cream cones. Physico- chemical properties of the sorghums were determined and correlated to the properties of the ice cream cones produced from them. Results from this study showed that the swelling power and pasting properties of the flours determined by amylose/amlopectin ratio and amylose content as well as the presence of lipids, dietary fibre, tannins and minerals. The break down viscosity (r=-0.825), the final viscosity(r=-0.834) and amylose/amylopectin ratio (r=- 0.782) attained had the highest correlation with the ice cream permeability and weight while hardness of the cone correlated with dietary fibre content (r=0.576), tannin content(r=0.75) and protein (r=-0.458). Hardness showed highest correlation with setback (r=-0.859) and final viscosity(r=-0.703) while texture showed highest correlation with hardness (r=- 0.662) and set back(r=0.778). The cone appearance correlated highest with particle size (r=0.696) and dietary fibre (r=- 0.693). An amylose content of about 28% and lipid content of about 3% with endosperm texture rated as 3 (scale ;1- corneous and 5-floury), 0.1% Tannins, 1.7% minerals and dietary fibre of 5%, in the epuripur variety produced the best sorghum ice cream cone.
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Pincus, Lauren, Andrew Margenot, Johan Six, and Kate Scow. "On-farm trial assessing combined organic and mineral fertilizer amendments on vegetable yields in central Uganda." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 225 (June 2016): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.033.
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Alibu, Neuhoff, Senthilkumar, Becker, and Köpke. "Potential of Cultivating Dry Season Maize along a Hydrological Gradient of an Inland Valley in Uganda." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (2019): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100606.
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Inland valley wetlands with higher soil moisture than surrounding uplands offer a yet unexplored opportunity for increasing maize production in East Africa. For three consecutive years, we conducted field experiments to assess the potential of an inland valley in Central Uganda for producing dry season maize. A randomized complete block design was used with six treatments including farmer’s practice, unfertilized control, organic and inorganic fertilizer applications at high and low rates. These were repeated four times at each of the three hydrological positions of the inland valley (fringe, middle, and center). The maize grain yield of 3.4 t ha–1 (mean across treatments and years) exceeded the national yield average by 42%. High and sustained soil moisture in the center position of the inland valley was associated with the highest grain yields irrespective of the year. Due to soil moisture deficit in the fringe and middle hydrological positions, grain yields were not only lower but also highly variable. Intensive manuring with a combination of green and poultry manure produced high yields that were comparable to those with mineral fertilizers (both at 120 kg N ha–1). Lower amounts of either mineral or organic fertilizer (60 kg N ha–1) provided no yield gain over the unfertilized control. Inland valley wetlands, thus, offer promise for farmers to harvest an additional maize crop during the dry season, thus contributing to farm income and regional food security.
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I. Z, Mukasa-Tebandeke, Karume I, Wasajja H. Z, and Nankinga R. "Improving Quality of Water from Murchison Bay using Clay from Chelel, Kapchorwa District, Ugandao." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 17 (January 4, 2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v17i.8537.
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Pollution resulting from increased human activities is threatening Lake Victoria, its effects are characterized by eutrophication, high turbidity, pH, iron(II) concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study we have investigated the effect of Fe-montmorillonite clay from Chelel on turbidity, pH, concentration of iron, total suspended soils, total nutrients and COD of water sampled from Murchison bay watershed of Nakivubo channel south of Kampala. Varying amounts of clay powder was vigorously stirred with water samples for 5 minutes, filtered using Whitman paper at ambient temperatures. The optimum concentration of clay of 0.4gl-1 was found to produce 73.5+ 2% fall in COD indicating elimination of microbes and organic waste. The pH of water became 6.3+ 0.2 showing that impurities had been bound to clay. The turbidity of filtrate dropped to 15.7+ 0.3NTUshowing that clarity of water was improved by adsorption of suspended solids to clay minerals. The concentration of iron(II) fell from 3.7 + 0.3 to 2.5+ 0.2mgl-1 indicating fairly high extent of heavy metal removal from Murchison bay (MB) waters. The TSS and nutrients in MB water also decreased greatly when clay was stirred with water at ambient temperatures. The available data can be relied on to recommend use of this clay in treatment of waste water and/or sewage from Kampala. Further studies on combined use of clays with alums, zeolites and/or lime need to be carried out.
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Anguria, Paul, George N. Chemining’wa, Richard N. Onwonga, and Michael A. Ugen. "Assessing the Response of Sesame to Inorganic and Organic Nutrient Sources." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 1 (2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n1p108.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) is one of the main sources of livelihoods in northern Uganda. However, its production is constrained by low soil fertility and moisture levels. A study was conducted at Serere, Uganda in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of organo-mineral fertilizers on growth, seed yield and nutritional quality of sesame. The design of the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control (no soil amendment), mixtures of 4 crop residues each at (3 and 6 t/ha) and two rates of N, P and K. Finger millet husks (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate (30 kg N-25 kg P-40 Kg K/ha) had significantly higher seed yield of sesame; while finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate (60 kg N-50 kg P-80 Kg K/ha) significantly increased vegetative growth of sesame. Finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate had significantly higher seed crude protein content of sesame; while cowpea husks (3 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate and groundnut shells (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate produced significantly higher seed total ash and seed oil content of sesame, respectively. This study has demonstrated that application of a mixture of crop residues and inorganic fertilizers is the best treatment in enhancing growth, seed yield and nutritional seed quality of sesame.
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Musonge, Peace S. L., Pieter Boets, Koen Lock, and Peter L. M. Goethals. "Drivers of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Equatorial Alpine Rivers of the Rwenzoris (Uganda)." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061668.
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The Sub-Saharan alpine freshwater biodiversity is currently impacted by human settlements, climate change, agriculture, and mining activities. Because of the limited biodiversity studies in the region, a better understanding is needed of the important environmental variables affecting macroinvertebrate assemblages. In this paper, macroinvertebrate diversity responses to 18 environmental variables were studied at 30 sites along unique Rwenzori rivers at the equator in Uganda. We hypothesized that anthropogenic disturbance and local environmental variables affect macroinvertebrate diversity, irrespective of altitudinal gradients. Based on altitude and climate, the sites were subdivided into three altitude groups consisting of 10 sites each: upstream (US) 1400–1600 m.a.s.l.; midstream (MS) 1091–1399 m.a.s.l., and downstream (DS) 900–1090 m.a.s.l. A total of 44 macroinvertebrate families and 1623 individuals were identified. The macroinvertebrate diversity patterns were influenced by temperature, altitude, and latitude. Regression analysis revealed that temperature and nickel, were negative predictors of taxa richness. Nickel, which is released by mining activity, is detrimental to aquatic communities in Sub-Saharan alpine ecosystems. Significant longitudinal variation in macroinvertebrate diversity was observed between the sites, which were also affected by mineral and temperature gradients. Our study highlights the need for long-term monitoring in this region to detect and reduce the threats to river biodiversity from anthropogenic activity.
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Mwaka, Erisa Sabakaki, Ian Guyton Munabi, Barbara Castelnuovo, et al. "Low bone mass in people living with HIV on long-term anti-retroviral therapy: A single center study in Uganda." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246389.
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Background This study set out to determine the prevalence of low bone mass following long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy in Ugandan people living with HIV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 people living with HIV that had been on anti-retroviral therapy for at least 10 years. All participants had dual X-ray absorptiometry to determine their bone mineral density. The data collected included antiretroviral drug history and behavioral risk data Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Inferential statistics were analyzed using multilevel binomial longitudinal Markov chain Monte Carlo mixed multivariate regression modelling using the rstanarm package. Results One hundred ninety nine adults were enrolled with equal representation of males and females. The mean age was 39.5 (SD 8.5) years. Mean durations on anti-retroviral treatment was 12.1 (SD 1.44) years, CD4 cell count was 563.9 cells/mm3. 178 (89.5%) had viral suppression with <50 viral copies/ml. There were 4 (2.0%) and 36 (18%) participants with low bone mass of the hip and lumbar spine respectively. Each unit increase in body mass index was associated with a significant reduction in the odds for low bone mineral density of the hip and lumbar spine. The duration on and exposure to the various antiretroviral medications had no significant effect on the participant’s odds for developing low bone mass. All the coefficients of the variables in a multivariable model for either hip or lumbar spine bone mass were not significant. Conclusion These results provide additional evidence that patients on long term ART achieve bone mass stabilization. Maintaining adequate body weight is important in maintaining good bone health in people on antiretroviral therapy.
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Kembabazi, Gloria, and John Osapiri. "The legal system of tax income and tariff revenue in the natural resources and mining sector of Uganda: obstacles and challenges in collecting taxes, duties, parliamentary and judicial control." KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 6, no. 1 (2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2019-1-71.
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This paper examines the legal foundations of taxation of minerals examining legal provisions concerning natural resources generally and, mining as a sector - with oil and gas as one of the emerging sub-sectors for regulation. The paper examines the challenges and offers potential solutions with a view that economic policymaking is critical and the legal and policy framework must be critically structured and carefully implemented to allow for maximum government revenue and positive natural resource governance.
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MUSINGUZI, PATRICK, PETER EBANYAT, JOHN STEPHEN TENYWA, TWAHA ALI BASAMBA, MOSES MAKOOMA TENYWA, and DRAKE N. MUBIRU. "CRITICAL SOIL ORGANIC CARBON RANGE FOR OPTIMAL CROP RESPONSE TO MINERAL FERTILISER NITROGEN ON A FERRALSOL." Experimental Agriculture 52, no. 4 (2016): 635–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479715000307.
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SUMMARYSoil Organic Carbon (SOC) is a major indicator of soil fertility in the tropics and underlies variability in crop response to mineral fertilizers. Critical SOC concentrations that interact positively with N fertilizer for optimal crop yield are less understood. A study was conducted on a Ferralsol in sub-humid Uganda to explore the critical range of SOC concentrations and associated fractions for optimal maize (Zea maysL.) yield response to applied mineral N fertiliser. Maize grain yield response to N rates applied at 0, 25, 50 and 100 kg N ha−1in 30 fields of low fertility (SOC<1.2%), medium fertility (SOC = 1.2–1.7%) and high fertility (SOC>1.7%) was assessed. Soil was physically fractionated into sand-sized (63–2000 µm), silt-sized (2–63 µm) and clay-sized (<2 µm) particles and SOC content determined. Low fertility fields (<1.2% SOC) resulted in the lowest response to N application. Fields with >1.2% SOC registered the highest agronomic efficiency (AE) and grain yield. Non-linear regression models predicted critical SOC for optimal yields to be 2.204% at the 50 kg N ha−1rate. Overall, models predicted 1.9–2.2% SOC as the critical concentration range for high yields. The critical range of SOC concentrations corresponded to 3.5–5.0 g kg−1sand-sized C and 9–11 g kg−1for clay-sized C.
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Edgar, A. D., L. A. Pizzolato, and G. M. Butler. "Petrology of the ultramafic lamprophyre and associated rocks at Coral Rapids, Abitibi River, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 8 (1994): 1325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-115.
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An ultramafic lamprophyre sill and dikes, and an olivine–melilite-rich dike rock intrude Lower to Middle Devonian sediments and low- to high-grade Archean metamorphic rocks on the west bank of the Abitibi River, Coral Rapids, Ontario. Although previously considered to be kimberlitic, all these rocks contain olivine + clinopyroxene + phlogopite ± melilite, and hence are ultramafic alkaline rocks. The ultramafic lamprophyre can be distinguished from the dike by its lower SiO2, Na2O, Al2O3, and higher MgO and FeO. In contrast the olivine–melilite dike rock has a more uniform composition, characteristically contains melilite, and has higher Cr and Ni contents. Enriched light rare earth element (LREE) chondrite-normalized patterns are similar for all rocks.Olivine, clinopyroxene, and phlogopite have Mg# (Mg# = 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe) mol) typical of minerals in primitive alkaline rocks. Melilite composition is similar to that of igneous melilites. Phlogopites in all rock types are enriched in Ba and F and the degree of enrichment is distinct for each rock type. Accessory minerals include apatite, carbonates, chlorite, sericite, and sodalite (only in the olivine–melilite-bearing rock).The mineralogy and chemistry of the Coral Rapids rocks suggest that they are derived from a primitive olivine melilitite magma that may have evolved by fractionation of small amounts of olivine and clinopyroxene to form these alkaline ultramafic magmas.Xenoliths in the ultramafic lamprophyre sill and in lesser abundance in the olivine–melilite dike rock include olivine, phlogopite, and clinopyroxene-rich mantle-derived assemblages. The similarity between these xenoliths and their host rocks at Coral Rapids and those from southwest Uganda and West Eifel, Germany, suggests that the Coral Rapids rocks may be derived from magmas that originated from metasomatized mantle sources.
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Reyes Lugardo, Marco Antonio. "ECONOMÍA DE GUERRA Y CRIMINALIZACIÓN INTERNACIONAL EN LA ZONA DE LOS GRANDES LAGOS (CONGO, UGANDA Y RWANDA)." Acta Sociológica 1, no. 54 (2011): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484938e.2011.54.25673.
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<p> </p> <p>La caída del régimen de Mobutu Sese Seko (1965-1997) no sólo implicó la ocupación del territorio congolés por parte movimientos rebeldes apoyados por los gobiernos de Rwanda y Uganda, sino que introdujo a la República Democrática del Congo en un sistema de criminalización internacional del Estado. Este último esquema permitió el establecimiento de una red nacional/internacional de beneficios recíprocamente desiguales, lo cuales fueron usufructuados tanto por las empresas transnacionales involucradas en el tráfico de minerales de tercera generación y por los señores de la guerra (<em>warlords</em>) que fungieron como empresarios de la inseguridad para, posteriormente, convertirse en políticos “profesionales”. De igual forma, ciertas franjas de la sociedad congolesa, se beneficiaron desigualmente al recuperar para sí mismas funciones estatales en una fórmula de Estado en la sociedad condicionada por el contexto de la economía de guerra que prevaleció desde la caída del mobutismo hasta los años tempranos de la década del 2000.</p>
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Stewart, Kyebogola, Semalulu Onesimus, W. Lenssen Andrew, et al. "Exploring on-farm additive common bean yield potential to organic and mineral fertilizers on contrasting soils of Buganda Catena, Central Uganda." African Journal of Agricultural Research 17, no. 3 (2021): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2020.15395.
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Wanyera, R., M. G. Kinyua, Y. Jin, and R. P. Singh. "The Spread of Stem Rust Caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, with Virulence on Sr31 in Wheat in Eastern Africa." Plant Disease 90, no. 1 (2006): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0113a.
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Stem rust resistance in wheat cultivars with Sr31 has been effective and durable worldwide for more than 30 years. Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with virulence to Sr31 were detected in Uganda in 1999 (1). During 2003 and 2004, a majority of current Kenyan cultivars and a large portion of CIMMYT wheat germplasm with gene Sr31 planted in Kenya were susceptible to stem rust. Six isolates collected during 2004 at different locations in Kenya were tested for virulence on the 16 North American stem rust race differentials with the following Sr genes: Sr5, 6, 7b, 8a, 9a, 9b, 9d, 9e, 9g, 10, 11, 17, 21, 30, 36, and Tmp. An extended set of designated Sr genes (Sr13, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39, 40, 44, and Wld-1) was also tested at the seedling stage. An isolate from Uganda collected in 1999 with virulence on Sr31 was used for comparison. Urediniospores suspended in a lightweight mineral oil were inoculated onto 7-day-old seedlings. Inoculated plants were placed in a dew chamber for 14 h at 18°C in the dark and then for an additional period of 3 to 4 h placed under fluorescent light. Plants were incubated in a greenhouse at 18 ± 2°C with a photoperiod of 16 h. Infection types (IT), described by Stakman et al. (3), were assessed after 14 days postinoculation. All isolates from Kenya exhibited a low infection type (IT 0) on line W2691SrTt-1 (donor of Sr36), a low infection type (IT 2) on cv. Triumph 64 (donor of SrTmp), and high infection types (IT 3 or 4) on all other lines in the differential set (2); thus these isolates were keyed to race TTKS. The virulence pattern of the isolate collected in 1999 from Uganda was identical to that from Kenya on the differential set and on the extended set of designated Sr genes. In this study, these isolates produced a high infection type (IT 3) on Einkorn and CnSSr21Tm (a derivative of Triticum monococcum in Chinese Spring background), two sources of Sr21 used in our study, whereas the isolate with Sr31-virulence from Uganda in 1999 was reported to be avirulent on Sr21 (1). These isolates produced high infection types on single gene lines with Sr31 and winter wheat cvs. Custer, Foster, GA-Dozier, Patton, and Pioneer 26R61, which were known to carry the 1BL.1RS translocation with Sr31. These isolates were also virulent on SrWld-1, a gene used in spring wheat for its resistance to North American stem rust isolates. In addition to Sr36 and SrTmp, other stem rust resistance genes that were effective against TTKS at the seedling stage include Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39, 40, and 44. Cultivars, breeding germplasm, and single gene lines are currently being evaluated for adult plant reaction in Kenya. Results from this study indicated that stem rust isolates with virulence on Sr31 are now wide spread in the Eastern Africa highlands and pose a threat to wheat production in the region, as well as in other wheat production areas where Sr31 resistance is important. A rapid deployment of effective resistance genes to this race in breeding programs throughout Eastern Africa and Asia is needed to reduce this threat. References: (1) Z. A. Pretorius et al. Plant Dis. 84:203, 2000. (2) A. P. Roelfs and J. W. Martens. Phytopathology 78:526, 1988. (3) E. C. Stakman et al. U.S. Department of Agriculture. ARS E-617, 1962.
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Isabirye, Robert Alex, Savino Biryomumaisho, James Okwee-Acai, Samuel Okello, and George William Nasinyama. "Effect of Diatomaceous Earth on Growth Rate, Egg Production, Feed Conversion Efficiency and Parasitic Load in Hens Raised on Deep Litter." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.207.
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The efficacy of diatomaceous earth (DE) on growth rate, egg production and on increasing feed conversion efficiency in deep litter raised layer hens was evaluated. The study was conducted at Mukono Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MUZARDI) in Uganda. Worms were collected from fresh intestines of indigenous chicken obtained from Kalerwe chicken market near Kampala. The DE was mined in Pakwach (formerly Nebbi) district in Northern Uganda. Chickens of the Lohmann Brown breed raised on deep litter were studied. At 7 weeks the birds were divided into 5 treatment groups, A, B, C, D and E each composed of 40 birds. Groups C, D and E were given an oral dose containing 250 embryonated eggs of A. galli while groups A and B were not infected. The chicks were weighed; and subjected to feeding trials as arranged below: A – Non-infected birds on DE (4%) supplemented diet; B –non-infected birds on neither piperazine (a conventional de-wormer) nor DE; C – infected birds on DE supplemented diet; D – infected birds on piperazine; and group E – infected birds on neither DE nor piperazine applied. Fecal samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory biweekly at week 16 till week 22 respectively for fecal egg counts. In a subsequent experiment, day-old layer chicks from Lohmann Brown strain but different from those used in earlier experiments, were used to assess the effect of DE on egg production. At 17 weeks of age the 420 were divided as follows: 6 treatment groups each having 7 replicates and each replicate having 10 birds. This study showed that DE can be used successfully in growing pullet diets to correct nutritional mineral imbalance since it supplies more than 14 trace elements and other elements. Diatomaceous earth also enables pullets to cope with Ascaridia galli load; and 2% DE supplementation did not have significant improvement on egg production as compared to no supplementation at all. However, reduction in egg production was experienced when supplementation with levels of DE higher that 2% was applied. Results from biweekly fecal analyses showed significant differences in fecal egg counts (p<0.05); and treatment by group (p<0.05).
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Castelnuovo, Barbara, Frank Mubiru, Agnes N. Kiragga, et al. "Antiretroviral treatment Long-Term (ALT) cohort: a prospective cohort of 10 years of ART-experienced patients in Uganda." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (2018): e015490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015490.
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PurposeLittle information is available on patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) after a long-term period from sub-Saharan Africa, with the longest follow-up and related outcomes being after 10 years on ART. At the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) (Kampala, Uganda), we set up a cohort of patients already on ART for 10 years at the time of enrolment, who will be followed up for additional 10 years.ParticipantsA prospective observational cohort of 1000 adult patients previously on ART for 10 years was enrolled between May 2014 and September 2015. Patients were eligible for enrolment if they were in their consecutive 10th year of ART regardless of the combination of drugs for both first- and second-line ART. Data were collected at enrolment and all annual study visits. Follow-up visits are scheduled once a year for 10 years. Biological samples (packed cells, plasma and serum) are stored at enrolment and follow-up visits.Findings to dateOut of 1000 patients enrolled, 345 (34.5%) originate from a pre-existing research cohort at IDI, while 655 (65.5%) were enrolled from the routine clinic. Overall, 81% of the patients were on first line at the time of the enrolment in the ART long-term cohort, with the more frequent regimen being zidovudine plus lamivudine plus nevirapine (44% of the cohort), followed by zidovudine plus lamivudine plus efavirenz (22%) and tenofovir plus lamivudine or emtricitabine plus efavirenz (10%). At cohort enrolment, viral suppression was defined as HIV-RNA <400 copies/mL was 95.8%.Future plansThrough collaboration with other institutions, we are planning several substudies, including the evaluation of the risk for cardiovascular diseases, the assessment of bone mineral density, screening for liver cirrhosis using fibroscan technology and investigation of drug–drug interactions between ART and common drugs used for non-communicable diseases.
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Pillay, Michael, and Robert Fungo. "Diversity of Iron and Zinc Content in Bananas from East and Central Africa." HortScience 51, no. 4 (2016): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.4.320.
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Bananas and plantains (Musa sp.) are major staple foods in many developing countries of the world. Although bananas are rich in carbohydrate, fiber, protein, fat, and vitamins A, C, and B6 they are largely deficient of iron (Fe), iodine, and zinc (Zn). A small increase in the micronutrient content of bananas could play a major role in combating disorders that are due to deficiency of mineral micronutrients such as Fe and Zn. The objective of this study was to determine the Fe and Zn content of 47 banana genotypes from a germplasm collection in Uganda using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Fe and Zn content showed wide variability and highly significant differences (P < 0.001) within and among the different banana categories selected for this study. The highest average Fe content (1.42 mg/100 g) was found in ‘Saba’ (ABB) while the least Fe content (0.06 mg/100 g) was found in ‘Kikundi’ (AAA). The highest average Zn content (1.21 mg/100 g) among the analyzed accessions was found in ‘Kivuvu’ (ABB) while Zn was not detectable in both ‘Kabucuragye’ (AAA) and ‘Grand Naine’ (AAA). Considering these figures, there is a greater than 20-fold variation in the Fe and Zn levels of the banana genotypes used this study suggesting that genetic improvement of genotypes for enhanced micronutrient levels may be achieved by breeding.
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Nyakairu, George W. A., and Christian Koeberl. "Variation of Mineral, Chemical, and Rare Earth Element Composition in Size Fractions of Clay-rich Sediments from the Kajjansi and Ntawo Clay Deposits, Central Uganda." Geochemistry 62, no. 1 (2002): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0009-2819-00003.
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Bighaghire, Raymond, Lawrence Okidi, Christopher Muggaga, and Duncan Ongeng. "Traditional vegetable preservation technologies practiced in Acholi subregion of Uganda improves mineral bioavailability but impacts negatively on the contribution of vegetables to household needs for micronutrients." Food Science & Nutrition 9, no. 2 (2021): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1931.
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Pretorius, Z. A., R. P. Singh, W. W. Wagoire, and T. S. Payne. "Detection of Virulence to Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr31 in Puccinia graminis. f. sp. tritici in Uganda." Plant Disease 84, no. 2 (2000): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.203b.
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In much of the world, resistance to stem rust in wheat, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is based at least in part on the gene Sr31. During February 1999, high levels of stem rust infection were observed on entries in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in a nursery at Kalengyere Research Station in Uganda. Because several of the rusted entries were known to carry the 1BL-1RS chromosome translocation containing the Sr31, Lr26, and Yr9 genes for rust resistance, virulence to Sr31 was suspected. Urediniospores, collected in bulk from rusted stems of seven entries containing Sr31, were suspended in light mineral oil and sprayed on primary leaves of 7-day-old seedlings of South African wheat cv. Gamtoos (=Veery #3, pedigree: Kvz/Buho‘S’//Kal/BB). Plants were kept overnight at 19 to 21°C in a dew chamber before placement in a greenhouse at 18 to 25°C. After ≈14 days, urediniospores were collected from large, susceptible-type stem rust pustules and subsequently increased on Gamtoos, which served as a selective host for the new rust culture, designated Pgt-Ug99. Pathogenicity of Pgt-Ug99 was studied in seedling tests of available wheats containing Sr31, as well as other stem rust differential lines. All seedling tests were conducted at least three times in independent inoculations. Isolate Pgt-Ug99 was not virulent to Avocet‘S’/Yr9 (Australian line containing Sr26) or Oom Charl (South African cultivar) but was virulent to the other Sr31 testers: Alondra ‘S’, Bobwhite, Chokka, Clement, Federation/Kavkaz, Gamtoos, Grebe, Kavkaz, Letaba, Line E/Kavkaz, RL6078, and Veery ‘S’. Virulence to Sr31 (infection types [ITs] 3-3 to 3++4) was clearly contrasted by the low reactions (ITs 0; to 1) produced by UVPgt53, a South African pathotype avirulent to Sr31. According to the reactions of the differential lines, Pgt-Ug99 is avirulent to Sr21, -22, -24, -25, -26, -27, -29, -32, -33, -34, -35, -36, -39, -40, -42, and -43, Agi, and Em and virulent to Sr5, -6, -7b, -8a, -8b, -9b, -9e, -9g, -11, -15, -17, -30, -31, and -38. Virulence to the T. ventricosum-derived gene Sr38, which is linked to Lr37 and Yr17 and occurs in cultivars from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, was not known previously (1). Both Pgt-Ug99 and UVPgt53 produced a continuum of ITs (; to 2+3) on Petkus rye (obtained from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection, Aberdeen, ID), the original Sr31 donor source. Pgt-Ug99 did not appear more virulent than UVPgt53 on Petkus. All triticales tested, as well as oat cv. Overberg, were highly resistant to Pgt-Ug99. According to McIntosh et al. (1), Huerta-Espino mentioned a Sr31-virulent culture from Turkey, but this could not be confirmed. Should the Sr31-virulent pathotype migrate out of Uganda, it poses a major threat to wheat production in countries where the leading cultivars have resistance based on this gene. Reference: (1) R. A. McIntosh et al. 1995. Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
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Kiguli, Sarah, Peter Olopot-Olupot, Florence Alaroker, et al. "Children’s Oxygen Administration Strategies And Nutrition Trial (COAST-Nutrition): a protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial." Wellcome Open Research 6 (September 3, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17123.1.
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Background: To prevent poor long-term outcomes (deaths and readmissions) the integrated global action plan for pneumonia and diarrhoea recommends under the ‘Treat’ element of Protect, Prevent and Treat interventions the importance of continued feeding but gives no specific recommendations for nutritional support. Early nutritional support has been practiced in a wide variety of critically ill patients to provide vital cell substrates, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals essential for normal cell function and decreasing hypermetabolism. We hypothesise that the excess post-discharge mortality associated with pneumonia may relate to the catabolic response and muscle wasting induced by severe infection and inadequacy of the diet to aid recovery. We suggest that providing additional energy-rich, protein, fat and micronutrient ready-to-use therapeutic feeds (RUTF) to help meet additional nutritional requirements may improve outcome. Methods: COAST-Nutrition is an open, multicentre, Phase II randomised controlled trial in children aged 6 months to 12 years hospitalised with suspected severe pneumonia (and hypoxaemia, SpO2 <92%) to establish whether supplementary feeds with RUTF given in addition to usual diet for 56-days (experimental) improves outcomes at 90-days compared to usual diet alone (control). Primary endpoint is change in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) at 90 days and/or as a composite with 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric status, mortality, readmission at days 28 and 180. The trial will be conducted in four sites in two countries (Uganda and Kenya) enrolling 840 children followed up to 180 days. Ancillary studies include cost-economic analysis, molecular characterisation of bacterial and viral pathogens, evaluation of putative biomarkers of pneumonia, assessment of muscle and fat mass and host genetic studies. Discussion: This study is the first step in providing an option for nutritional support following severe pneumonia and will help in the design of a large Phase III trial. Registration: ISRCTN10829073 (6th June 2018) PACTR202106635355751 (2nd June 2021)
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D'Hugues, P., Catherine Joulian, P. Spolaore, C. Michel, F. Garrido, and Dominique H. R. Morin. "Continuous Bioleaching of a Cobaltiferous Pyrite in Stirred Reactors: Population Dynamics and EPS Production vs. Bioleaching Performances." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.62.
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In the frame of a European project (BioMinE - FP6), a continuous bioleaching operation was carried out in a laboratory-scale unit using a cobaltiferous pyrite. The objective of the work was to use this system to investigate mechanisms of microbial activity and mineral oxidation in continuous stirred bioreactors (1x50L - 3x20L). A combination of scientific and technical approaches (molecular ecology, biochemistry and microscopy) was used and various key operating parameters were tested (temperature, nitrogen source, CO2 availability, designed consortia). An increase of temperature of 10°C (35°C to 45°C) had no major influence on the bioleaching efficiency. When the ammonium source was limiting, there was a negative influence on both bacterial growth and bioleaching efficiency. This result was related to a combination of factors such as less bacterial attachment to the pyrite surface and less precipitate formation. CO2 limitation had a very significant negative effect on the bacterial productivity and consequently on the bioleaching efficiency. Nevertheless, the population composition remained unchanged. An important decrease of EPS (sugar) production was also observed. The bacterial strains, that dominate the culture, originated from the deposit in Uganda. It seems that their bioleaching ability was improved over the time when cultured in continuous mode. The culture composition was very stable. The iron-oxidizer L. ferriphilum was the dominant organism in standard (not limiting) conditions, and was always very well represented during the first 3-4 days of residence time. Sulfobacillus sp. BRGM2 also played an important role in the process. This study gives new insights for the application of this technology, and more specifically on the influence of key operating parameters on bioleaching performances, population dynamics and attachment of bacteria to the solid surfaces.
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Stoppa, F., and A. Cundari. "Origin and multiple crystallization of the kamafugite-carbonatite association: the San Venanzo-Pian di Celle occurrence (Umbria, Italy)." Mineralogical Magazine 62, no. 2 (1998): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646198547530.
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AbstractThe Late Pleistocene kamafugite–carbonatite association at San Venanzo-Pian di Celle forms part of the Umbria-Latium Ultra-alkaline District (ULUD) of central Italy and, together with Toro-Ankole, SW Uganda and Mata de Corda, Brazil, represents one of three similar occurrences so far reported worldwide.Excellent field exposure and stratigraphic control prompted a study of the kamafugite–carbonatite suite and related phase interactions to understand the nature of the distinct mineral assemblages of the pyroclasts, compared to that of the lavas, the former containing essential potassium feldspar and aluminous diopside crystals, absent in the latter.The pyroclastic rocks represent a small amount of magma characterized by ubiquitous mantle xenocrysts and emplaced by early high-velocity eruptions. All the investigated specimens show a high Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratio (0.84–0.93) and high compatible elements (Ni+Cr>1000 ppm). Lavas (venanzite, i.e. leucite melilitite) and a sill (uncompahgrite, i.e. melilitolite) represent final events in the volcanic sequence. They yielded a (Na+K)/Al ratio of c. 1.1 and are larnite-bearing in the CIPW norm. Glass from the lapilli is peralkaline, i.e. (Na+K)/Al>2, and close to the lava in composition. Glass from melilitolite yielded CIPW Or and Hy and is strongly peralkaline, i.e. (Na+K)/Al = 5–6. The lapilli typically exhibit concentrically zoned structures which compound subliquidus venanzite phases, e.g. melilite, leucite, and kalsilite, with mantle xenolithic/xenocrystic debris and carbonatite phases. These lapilli represent a distinct variant of the venanzite liquid, mechanically fractionated and quenched by the diatremic process.Mantle-normalized HFSE for both lava and lapilli show typical extrusive-carbonatite patterns. Carbonatitic beds intercalated with the pyroclastic suite are distinct and typically consist of carbonates high in Sr, Ba and REE. Primary carbonate yielded C isotope compositions ranging from –5.0 to –6.0 δ13C‰, falling within the range of mantle compositions. Distinct differentiation trends of the venanzite magma and its derivatives were recognized, hinging on the coexistence of the silicate and carbonatite fractions. Potential sanidine crystallization trends are suggested, distinct from the venanzite→melilitolite trend, reported for Oldoinyo Lengai assemblages.Unusual aspects of the San Venanzo rock association, relative to similar rock types elsewhere, include the combination of a rare mantle source composition with a lithosphere about 80 km thick. A genetic model for the origin of the San Venanzo kamafugite–carbonatite association and related carbonate-silicate interactions is proposed and discussed. This may be relevant to the petrogenesis of similar rocks elsewhere, particularly in the light of the detailed data on the pyroclasts.
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Omol, Dan Kica, Ongwech Acaye, David Fred Okot, and Ocident Bongomin. "Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, February 12, 2020, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2020/v4i230120.
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Plastics have become an essential part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299 million tonnes in 2013, which has increased enormously in the present years. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose tremendous negative significant impacts on the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for the production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. The samples collection for both plastic wastes and clay catalyst, sample preparation and pyrolysis experiment for oil production was done in Laroo Division, Gulu Municipality, Northern Uganda Region, Uganda. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid-activated clay mineral and aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3 hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: The first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst (purely thermal pyrolysis). The second phase involves the use of acid-activated clay mineral. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. Both phases were done at different heating rates. In purely thermal pyrolysis, 88 mL of oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39ºC and heating rates of 12.55ºC /minute and reaction time of 4 hours. Acid activated clay mineral yielded 100 mL of oil with the heating rates of 12.55ºC/minute and reaction time of 3 hours 30 minutes. While aluminium chlorides on activated carbon produced 105 mL of oil at a maximum temperature of 400ºC and heating rates of 15.5ºC /minute and reaction time of 3 hours 10 minutes. From the experimental results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminium chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.
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Rwafa, Rumbidzayi. "The “Curse’’ of Mineral Resources in Africa: Internationalising Conflict and Civil War in the DR Congo." Commonwealth Youth and Development 15, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/3294.
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The aim of this article is to explore the impact of conflict and civil wars in DR Congo and their ramifications on international relations among African and European nations. For many scholars of African history and internationals studies, DR Congo has remained a ‘powder keg’ or ‘an active volcano’ that can explode anytime mainly because the country possesses vast mineral resources which make it irresistible for countries to intervene thereby undermine the national sovereignty of DR Congo. Countries such as Rwanda, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Angola, Chad, Burundi and Eritrea have been involved in the conflict in DR Congo for factors that are essentially political, social, economic and strategic in nature. Rwanda and Uganda are accused of destabilizing the internal peace and stability of DR Congo although both countries deny the allegations. By extension, the two countries are also accused of working in cohort with America and France to extend capitalism in DR Congo. The article shall argue that although countries involved justified their intervention in DR Congo for reasons such as maintaining national sovereignty, promoting peace, stability and democracy, the reality is that all of them have shown a keen interest in taking control over mineral resources. Thus, it is hoped that this article shall reveal the economic and political dynamics that underpinned the conflict and civil wars fought for years in DR Congo with the aim of explicating the hypocrisy exhibited by countries involved in the DR Congo debacle.
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Musalima, Juliet Hatoho, Patrick Ogwok, and Diriisa Mugampoza. "Anti-Oxidant Vitamins, Minerals and Tannins in Oil from Groundnuts and Oyster Nuts Grown in Uganda." Food Science & Nutrition Research 2, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.33425/2641-4295.1016.
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Bevis, Leah Em, and Rachel Hestrin. "Widespread heterogeneity in staple crop mineral concentration in Uganda partially driven by soil characteristics." Environmental Geochemistry and Health, November 9, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00698-w.
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Okullo, JBL, F. Omujal, JG Agea, et al. "Proximate and mineral composition of shea (vitellaria Paradoxa c.f. Gaertn) fruit pulp in uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 10, no. 11 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v10i11.64286.
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Mughi, Irene, M. Ochwo-Ssemakula, R. Edema, and C. Mukankusi. "Variability in Cooking Time, Iron and Zinc Content in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Genotypes." Journal of Scientific Agriculture, March 4, 2021, 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2021.v5.6559.
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Prolonged cooking time leads to structural changes at the grain cellular level, resulting in loss of nutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) which are among the main nutrients important in addressing micronutrient malnutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of cooking time, Fe and Zn content in a total of 152 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes from around Eastern Africa, in order to identify short cooking genotypes with high Fe and Zn content. Field trials were conducted at CIAT-Uganda research station over two seasons in 2016. Cooking time was estimated using an automated Mattson cooker at CIAT-Uganda while Fe and Zn content was determined using XRF analysis at Rwanda Agricultural Board (RAB) in Rubona. A wide variability was evident from the test genotypes both for cooking time and mineral concentration. Cooking time exhibited a continuous distribution ranging from 35-100 minutes for the first season and 43–122 minutes for the second season. Seventy-three percent of the test genotypes had Fe levels higher than the low Fe check, CAL 96 (55mg/kg) which is popularly known as ‘Nambale’ and a popular commercial variety in Uganda. A total of 15 genotypes (Amahunja, Awash melka, Bihogo, CAB 2, ECAPAN021, G858, Icaquimbaya, KK20, NABE12C, NABE4, NABE6, ROBA-1, RWR1873, RWV3006) were consistent in short cooking time for the two seasons and had a Fe content above the low Fe check (CAL96 – 55mg/kg). A high correlation (r = 0.71) was observed between Fe and Zn whereas a low correlation between cooking time and Fe (r = -0.04) and Zn (r = 0.04) was observed. Great variability was evident for both traits indicating possible improvement by breeding and thus the possibility of having short cooking common bean genotypes with high Fe and Zn content.
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Matovu, Flavia Kiweewa, Martin Nabwana, Noah Kiwanuka, et al. "Bone Mineral Density in Antiretroviral Therapy‐Naïve HIV‐1–Infected Young Adult ‐Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate or Nonhormonal Contraceptives in Uganda." JBMR Plus, December 21, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10446.
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