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Journal articles on the topic 'Ukrainian emigration in Poland'
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1
Klymenko, Liudmila. "Ukrainian Scientists in Emigration." Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 10, no. 2 (2022): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2022.2.06.
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The article aims to draw attention to Aleksandr Mankovskyi (1868–1946), a relatively less-known figure among modern scientists. Mankovskyi is a UkrainianBulgarian scientist of Polish origin, whose life was linked to three countries: Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Poland. He, a specialist in histology and embryology, was a professor at Novorossiysk University and Sofia University.
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Paliienko, Maryna. "Архіви української політичної еміграції в Польщі". Facta Simonidis 13, № 1 (2020): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/fs.84.
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The article analyzes the composition of the Ukrainian political emigration’s archival collections in the interwar period in Poland, traces the ways of their displacements during the Second World War, and determines its current storage locations and source potential for studying the problems of the political and military history of Ukraine as well as Polish-Ukrainian relations. It is defined that after the defeat of the Ukrainian War of Independence 1917-1921 valuable political and military archives were repatriated to Poland where they were preserved in the emigration centers established by the UNR Government in Tarnow, Сzestochowa and partly in Warsaw. During the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany, the archives of the UNR Directorate were repatriated to Krakow, and eventually, they came into the possession of Soviet security services that resulted in moving the archives to the USSR. As a consequence, these archives were classified for security reasons and stored in archival special fonds. Moreover, valuable documents that describe the activity of the Ukrainian political emigration and Polish-Ukrainian relationship, particularly the relations between Symon Petlura and Josef Pilsudski, can be found in the fonds of Polish institutions, such as Archiwum Akt Nowych, Сentralne Archiwum Wojskowe, National Library of Poland / Biblioteka Narodowa in Warsaw and the National Ossolinski Institute in Wroclaw. In Ukraine, the most considerable segment of the UNR emigration collections is presented nowadays by the fonds of the Central State Archive of Supreme Authorities and Governments of Ukraine in Kyiv. These documents have an important source potential for describing the processes of the Ukrainian state formation, struggles for independence along with detailed research of Polish-Ukrainian relations during the interwar period. The author states the relevance of preparing an electronic registry of Ukrainian emigration archival collections with the characterization of the content of collections, location of their creation, transportation routes, and their current location. It would embrace the research along with including the documents to the scientific narrative.
3
Vasyltsiv, Taras, Ruslan Lupak, and Olha Levytska. "Trends and Characteristics of the Migration From Ukraine to Poland: The Aspect of Rural Areas and Conclusion for State Migration Policy." Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 1 (186) (January 20, 2020): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir012020/03.
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The authors describe modern global migration trends in Europe and in particular in Poland. The problems and risks for the functioning and development of rural areas of Poland during the strengthening of emigration attitudes and internal mobility of the population are identified. The aspects of the Ukrainian migration as a resource for levelling labour-deficit trends in the Polish labour market are substantiated. The official data of the Office for Foreigners in Poland, the Central Statistical Office, the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy, the Department of Statistics of the National Bank of Poland, individual organisations for the study of migration between the Ukraine and Poland are presented and the growing volumes and the scale of external labour migration of Ukrainians to Poland are stated (it is shown that today there are about 1.3 million Ukrainians in Poland, which at about 3.5% of the population is a significant value); key changes in the qualitative and structural characteristics of migration are shown. The main parameters of permanent and labour migration of Ukrainians to rural areas in Poland are characterised. An important conclusion is that, despite still low volumes, there are positive trends and the structural characteristics of Ukrainian emigration to rural areas of Poland are improving. The results of the analysis of the quantitative characteristics of Ukrainian labour migration are presented in the context of their employment in types of Poland’s economic activity such as agriculture,forestry, fishery and hunting. The authors determine features and problematic aspects of this migration. The recommendations regarding the development of joint Ukrainian-Polish practices and regulatory and guidance provisions, as well as the priority tools of migration policy, focused on meeting the socio-economic interests of both countries, are justified.
4
Yablonskyi, Vasyl. "Problems of Foreign Policy Choice of the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in 1939–1940." Kyiv Historical Studies 13, no. 2 (2021): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2021.218.
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The Second World War was viewed by Ukrainians abroad and in Ukraine as a potential chance to restore Ukraine’s independence. At the beginning of the war, the main political forces of the Ukrainian emigration interfered in a state of mutual confrontation. Each of them tried to attract international contacts for support. The article examines the process of finding foreign policy allies by the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile at the first stage of World War II (1939–1940). The main attention is paid to the political processes in this part of the Ukrainian emigration, the disunity and the presence of three governing centers (in France, Czechoslovakia and Poland) and the foreign policy orientations of the emigration government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. For the first time, the document”Letters from the leading circles of the UPR” is published, which attempts to justify the need for a foreign policy alliance with Germany and criticizes the “francophilism” of some figures of the State Center of the UPR in Europe and America. The hypothetical circle of emigration politicians who could be the authors of these documents and their addressees is outlined. Attention is drawn to the fact that the conclusion of foreign policy agreements with Germany in the interwar period was a well-established practice for many countries at that time (France, England, the USSR, etc.). The reasons for the disinterest of the main players in world politics at this stage in the restoration of Ukraine’s independence are emphasized. As the government’s emigration status and military actions did not help preserve the archives, documents belonging to this period of Ukrainian history and diplomacy have come down to us in limited numbers. Publication and analysis of documents of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile, which relate to the foreign policy concepts of the Ukrainian emigration government, allow to more fully reveal the vision of ways to restore Ukraine’s independence after its territories were part of the USSR, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia.
5
Yaruchyk, Olha. "Emigracja ukraińska w Rzeczypospolitej dwudziestolecia międzywojennego: w kierunku rozwoju własnej tożsamości." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 51, no. 2 (2021): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.607.
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The article considers the political, legal, economic and cultural life of the Ukrainian political and artistic emigration on the territory of the Polish state in the interwar period. It describes the activity of the Ukrainian Central Committee, the only official institution in Poland at that time, which represented the interests of Ukrainian emigrants, and the carried out cultural and educational activities in emigration centres. The focus is on Warsaw, which was the largest centre of social and scientific life as well as a cultural and educational centre of Ukrainian emigration.
6
Sinkevych, Yevhen. "Ukrainian Political Emigrants in the Social and Economic Life of Częstochowa, Piotrkov Trybunalski, Toruń, Kalish, and Tucholа in 1920–1930". Res Historica 56 (21 грудня 2023): 449–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/rh.2023.56.449-478.
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The fate of Ukraine is intertwined with the fate of Poland to a greater extent than that of other nations. There are many alliances and friendships in Ukrainian-Polish history. On April 22, 1920, the Ukrainian-Polish union was concluded. Thus, the story of the Ukrainian regular armed forces ended. Ukrainian political emigrants in Poland in the 1920s and 1930s tried to take a decent place in the social and economic life of their place of residence. The authors deal with the issue of a Ukrainian army emigration to be found active in the territory of Poland in the interwar period (from 1920 to the outbreak of World War II). He shows the context and circumstances of its appearance in the Republic of Poland, as a result of the Ukrainian People’s Republic army activity and Symen Peltura’s cooperation with Józef Piłsudski. The authors characterize the way the army emigration functioned within the reality of the Polish nation covering various aspects, a developed cultural and educational structure among others. Based on a comprehensive analysis of modern Ukrainian historiography of the problem, the authors note the necessity of further historiographical research.
7
Trzeszczyńska, Patrycja. "Trzy autobusy. O niewidzialnej w studiach migracyjnych ucieczce Ukraińców z Polski w latach 80. XX w. i dlaczego nie są „polskimi migrantami”." Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny 46, no. 2 (176) (2020): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.20.010.12326.
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Three Buses: The Escape of the Ukrainians from Poland in the 1980s, its Invisibility in Migration Studies and why they are not “Polish migrants” The aim of the text is to reflect on the absence in Polish migration studies of research on the emigration of members of national / ethnic minorities from Poland in the 1980s, on the example of Ukrainians. The author presents the causes and course of emigration of Polish citizens of Ukrainian nationality in the last decade of the Polish People’s Republic, highlighting the consequences of this migration for the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, the Ukrainian national minority in Poland and for the migrants themselves. The author undertakes a discussion with literature which defines Polish emigrants of the 1980s to Canada and Western Europe as “Polish emigrants”, pointing out the differences between migration motivations and adaptation strategies of Polish and Ukrainian migrants in the 1980s. The article also discusses the attitudes of Ukrainian emigrants towards the country of origin, the impact of their minority condition in the People’s Republic of Poland on their new identity in their host country as well as lifestyle choices. Keywords: minority migrations, Ukrainians, Canada, Polish migrants Strzeszczenie Celem tekstu jest namysł nad nieobecnością zagadnienia migracji członków mniejszości narodowych/etnicznych w polskich studiach migracyjnych dotyczących wyjazdów z Polski w latach 80. XX wieku na przykładzie Ukraińców. Autorka prezentuje przyczyny i przebieg emigracji obywateli polskich narodowości ukraińskiej w ostatniej dekadzie PRL, wskazuje na konsekwencje tej migracji dla diaspory ukraińskiej w Kanadzie, ukraińskiej mniejszości narodowej w Polsce oraz dla samych migrantów. Podejmuje dyskusję z literaturą, która określa emigrantów z Polski z lat 80. XX w. do Kanady i Europy Zachodniej jako „polskich emigrantów” zasilających Polonię, wskazując na różnice między motywacjami migracyjnymi i strategiami adaptacyjnymi polskich i ukraińskich migrantów w latach 80. XX w. Omawia również postawy ukraińskich emigrantów wobec kraju pochodzenia, wpływ ich mniejszościowej kondycji w PRL na dokonywane w nowym kraju wybory tożsamościowe i w zakresie stylu życia.
8
Kolianchuk, Oleksandr. "Educational, Press and Publishing Activities of Ukrainian Emigration in Poland in the 20s of the XX Century." Ukrainian Information Space, no. 2(6) (December 2, 2020): 119–38. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-7948.2(6).2020.219800.
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The author of this publication is Oleksandr Kolianchuk, Doctor of Philosophy (2001) and Doctor of History (2013), Vice-President of the South-Eastern Scientific Institute in Przemyśl (Poland). Born in the Chełm Land, as a result of the «Vistula» operation, he moved to northern Poland, where he began his career as an educator and research scientist. For many years he was the editor of Ukrainian-language radio programs in Olsztyn. He actively collaborated with the editorial boards of Ukrainian-language newspapers and magazines published in Poland. Dr. Kolianchuk devoted a significant part of his life to return to the historical memory of the fighters for the freedom of Ukraine, whose life ended in Poland. He wrote and published a number of well-known books in the West about the personalities of those who died forUkraine’s resurrection, their places of living, activities and burials abroad. Among them: in Polish: «Umarli, aby zmartwychwstala Ukraina», «Ukraincy emigranci polityczni w zyciu naukowym, kulturnym, spolecznym I gospodarczym w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej», in Ukrainian – «Generality of the Ukrainian Liberation Struggle: Generals and Admirals Biographies», «Ukrainian Military Emigration in Poland 1920–1939», «Perpetuation of the Unconquered: «Ukrainian War Memorials ’20-’30s of the 20th century in Poland»,«Unforgotten graves «and others. In these and other publications, the author’s field of observation included the press and publishing activities of Ukrainian immigrants in Poland. Even before the signing in April 1920 of the Polish-Ukrainian agreement on the joint struggle against Bolshevik Russia, which threatened the independence of both Poland and Ukraine, there was a Ukrainian diplomatic mission and its military section in Warsaw. Under its auspices, in the Polish capital was published the periodical «Son of Ukraine», edited by the writer and poet Mykola Voronyi. As the authorities treated the stay of a large group of Ukrainian refugees in Poland as a temporary state, the emigration structures of the UPR government began operating in Tarnów at the end of 1920. at the beginning of 1921, civilian and military educational institutions, art ensembles, and 66 periodicals operated in all internment camps. In total, during 1920–1922, more than 20 Ukrainian publications were published in only Warsaw.
9
Vlasenko, Valerii. "Serhii Tymoshenko: Ukrainian Architect and Diplomat." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXIII (2022): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2022-32.
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This research is focused on the life and legacy of Serhii Tymoshenko (1881–1950), Ukrainian political emigrant, political activist, statesman, and a member of the Ukrainian national liberation movement in the early 20th century and the Ukrainian Revolution in 1917–21. In addition to his political involvement, Mr Tymoshenko was also famous for his achievements in architecture, engineering and arts. The research is based on the documents found in the National Archive of the Czech Republic, several Ukrainian national archives and the Manuscript Institute of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Serhii Tymoshenko is considered one of the founders of Ukrainian Art Nouveau architecture in the early 20th century. He took active part in the Ukrainian state-building process as a member of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party, the Central Council of Ukraine, and by holding leadership positions in Ukrainian state institutions in Kharkiv region, as well as being appointed as a Minister of Roads of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and a member of the Council of the Republic in Tarnów. Moreover, he played an important role in the foreign policy of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. The research covers Tymoshenko’s artistic, scientific and political legacies in Poland (1921–3) and Czechoslovakia (1924–9), and his life trials and tribulations during World War II and emigration to the United States. Serhii Tymoshenko is presented as a public and political figure, the leader of the Ukrainian political emigration in Volyn, the head of the Volyn Ukrainian Association and the Lutsk Centre of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, a member of the Polish Sejm (since 1935) and Senate (since 1938), and the head of the Ukrainian Parliamentary Representation of Volyn. Keywords: Poland, Serhii Tymoshenko, Ukrainian emigration, Ukrainian architecture, Ukrainian People’s Republic.
10
Svitlyk, Myroslava. "WHERE DID UKRAINIANS SETTLE IN CANADA AND WHY: A BRIEF OVERVIEW." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1, no. 36 (2025): 129–36. https://doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2025-36-129-136.
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The article provides a brief overview of the history of Ukrainian emigration to Canada. In particular, the historical context and features of different waves of emigration, starting from 1891 to the present day, are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the choice of residence by newcomers and the factors that influenced this decision. The author traces how immigration policy, as well as employment opportunities and the presence of relatives and friends, affected the settlement of Ukrainians in Canada. In particular, the article provides information about the first wave of immigration, when the government promised 64 hectares of land as homesteads for a nominal fee of $10. As a result of this policy, Ukrainian settlements were founded in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. The article highlights the historical background of the second and third waves of emigration and the peculiarities of Canada's policy at the time, which resulted in a significant number of Ukrainians settling not only in the West of the country, but also in Ontario and Quebec. The article notes that there is no consensus among scholars on whether the arrival of Ukrainians from Poland, Yugoslavia, and other Central European countries in the 1980s should be distinguished as a separate wave. It also discusses emigration after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resettlement of Ukrainians in Canada over the past 30 years. Despite the fact that in the twenty-first century Ukrainians live almost all over the country, Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan have the highest percentage of people in Canada who declare their Ukrainian ancestry. Special attention is paid to the wave of emigration caused by russia's full-scale war against Ukraine. Thanks to a special program of the Government of Canada, Canada-Ukraine authorization for emergency travel, 298 thousand Ukrainians arrived in Canada between March 17, 2022 and April 1, 2024. The article presents the results of surveys of newcomers and information about the factors that influenced their choice of place of residence.
11
Polkovnychenko, Svitlana, and Ivan Salai. "THE IMPACT OF UKRAINIAN MIGRATION ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE AND POLAND." Problems and prospects of economics and management, no. 3(31) (2022): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2022-3(31)-19-35.
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The work is devoted to the study of the impact of migration processes of Ukrainians to Poland on the development of the two countries. Based on the study of scientific sources and the authors' own re-search, the reasons of Ukrainian migration on the Polish vector are summarized in the form of Ishikawa diagram. The reasons for the migration of Ukrainians to Poland are classified by economic, political, social and professional aspects. The current state of migration of Ukrainians to Poland is analyzed using official Polish statistics, sociological research, as well as a survey of Ukrainian migrants conducted by the authors. Two main aspects of migration processes in the Ukrainian-Polish direction are identified: migration with the purpose of employment and education. An annual growth of the number of Ukraini-ans obtaining a work permit in Poland; employment of Ukrainian migrants in various spheres of the Polish economy; rejuvenation of Ukrainian migration; increasing popularity of Polish universities among Ukrainian graduates; increasing share of people who want to integrate into Polish society was detected. The impact of migration processes on the economic development of Ukraine and Poland has been assessed. Both positive and negative consequences for both countries are highlighted. Positive im-pact for Ukraine is an increase in money transfers, reduction of unemployment, return of part of the la-bor force with new knowledge and experience; while positive income for Poland is GDP growth, accel-eration of economic development, filling vacancies, stimulation of consumer demand, reduction of the average market rates of wages, supporting the development of educational institutions. Ukrainian econ-omy is negatively affected in the form of a slowdown in economic development, loss of valuable labor potential, sectoral asymmetries in the labor market, additional government spending on training new professionals, etc.; while in the Polish economy, the probability of unemployment rate growth increases, competition increases between migrants and the local population, who start looking for work in another country, conflicts may arise, etc. Measures aimed at improving the regulation of migration processes to deter emigration and return of migrants, which are consolidated by the areas of change in the country, stimulating business, stimulating workers, are justified.
12
Hałagida, Igor. "Kryptonim „Stonka”." Studia Polityczne 52, no. 2 (2024): 139–71. https://doi.org/10.35757/stp.2024.52.2.09.
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Based on archival materials of various provenance (including the Czechoslovak, PRL and Soviet security apparatus), the text reconstructs the genesis, course and effects of the operation directed against a group of couriers trained and transferred from the West to Poland and the Ukrainian SSR by the Foreign Formations of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. The actions codenamed „Stonka” in Poland were an element of a larger disinformation „game” conducted by the MGB/KGB since 1951. The finalization and disclosure of the aforementioned operations also meant that the Soviets initiated a new propaganda campaign against the emigration Ukrainian structures in the West originating from the Bandera faction of the OUN.
13
Lipiec, Stanisław. "Polish-Ukrainian Legal Services: A Sociological and Legal Study." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 4 (November 1, 2021): 25–47. https://doi.org/10.33327/AJEE-18-4.4-a000083.
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<strong>The rapid development of contemporary Polish-Ukrainian relations and the emigration of Ukrainians to Poland and EU countries require more and more lawyers to provide cross-border legal services.</strong> However, the emerging barriers between the countries effectively limit the possibilities for cooperation. It is particularly important to determine the extent of involvement of Polish lawyers in Ukraine and Ukrainians in Poland and to explain the reasons for their lack of involvement. It is also important to determine the consequences of the observed problem and the development strategy for the future.The present research is part of a larger study on the internationalisation of the Polish justice system and the provision of cross-border legal services. Methodologically, the study has been performed through structured interviews among representatives of Polish lawyers and questionnaires among all Polish lawyers. It was supplemented by non-reactive methods: an analysis of statistical data, an anthropomastic analysis, a content analysis of websites, and a functional analysis of legal acts.The results of the study show that Polish lawyers do not practice in Ukraine at all, and no more than 20 Ukrainian jurists work in Poland. The reasons are the border barriers and the lack of demand for mutual legal services, as well as cultural differences. The low level of involvement of the Polish and Ukrainian Bar Associations also contributes to the low level of provision of cross-border legal services. Nevertheless, Ukrainian immigrants to Poland are increasingly becoming Polish lawyers. Currently, the involvement of Ukrainian lawyers in the Polish legal services market is slowly increasing. This confused situation will likely change later this decade.
14
Kramar, Rostysław. "Folklor polityczny w czasopismach emigracji ukraińskiej wydawanych w międzywojennej Polsce." Acta Polono-Ruthenica 4, no. XXII (2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/apr.1237.
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The article is devoted to the Ukrainian political folklore which was published in the inter-war press of the Ukrainian emigration. Some emigrant journals were published in Poland. The pages of these publications published political folklore which was banned in the USSR. The early publications of the anti-Soviet people’s satire have so far been poorly investigated by folklorists who were engaged in political folklore.
15
Kopylov, Serhii. "Ivan Ohienko and Viktor Pryhodko on the background of socio-political and educational and scientific life (1918-1930)." IVAN OHIIENKO AND CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE AND EDUCATION 20 (December 25, 2023): 337–49. https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-7086.2023-20.337-349.
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In the article the relationship between two prominent fi gures of the Ukrainian libera-tion movements of 1917-1921 and participants in the project of opening the Kamianets-Podilskyi State Ukrainian University – Professor I. Ohiienko and V. Prykhodko, a mem-ber of the Ukrainian Central Council of the II and III convocations have been analyzed. It is specifi ed that their cooperation during the years of political emigration was aimed at protecting the national, cultural and religious interests, social rights of Ukrainians who found themselves in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe after the First World War. It is emphasized that their educational, scientifi c and educational activi-ties in educational institutions of Poland and Czechoslovakia were aimed at solving these problems. The research is based on published epistolary materials, memoirs and other sources, in particular, documents from the archive of the Institute of National Remembrance of Poland, which are being introduced into scientifi c circulation for the fi rst time. The relationships of these outstanding personalities have not been the subject of scientifi c attention, but today the documents of the personal archive of Bishop of Chelm and Podlasie Illarion, allow us to investigate this issue only at the beginning of the 2000s, they were found in one of the departmental archives and transferred to the ar-chive of the Institute of National Remembrance of Poland – Commissions for the inves-tigation of crimes against the Polish people. It is noted that in the interwar period, rep-resentatives of the Ukrainian emigration in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, despite diff erent levels of national consciousness and political activity, tried to preserve their identity, demonstrated a desire for independence and increased educational, scien-tifi c and cultural achievements. An important role in these processes was played by the political and scientifi c elite, many of whose representatives were participants in various state projects during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921, among whom I. Ohiienko and V. Prykhodko stood out.
16
Brailian, Nadiia. "«Ukrainsky Ingener» (Podiebrady, 1931—1932s): history of creation and functioning, content, authorship." Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, no. 9(27) (2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2019-1.
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The article explores the history of the creation and functioning of the «Ukrainsky Inzhener» magazine. In November 1930, the Congress of Unions of Ukrainian Emigrant Engineers from Poland, France and the Czech Republic was held in Podiebrady (Czechoslovakia). The latter formed the Union of Organizations of Ukrainian Engineers for Emigration. One of the objectives of this Union was publishing a trade journal, the magazine «Ukrainsky Inzhener», which was issued as a semi-annual edition in 1931—1932s in Podiebrady. The content of the magazine has been analyzed. Its main part featured professional articles of the Ukrainian scholars, high school teachers, engineers (from Prague, Krakow, Warsaw, Podiebrady, Brussels, Kharbin). Those illuminated a broad range of various questions pertaining to metallurgy, agronomy, economics, geodesics, architecture, chemistry, biology and other fields of applied and theoretical science. An important place in the journal was given to the rubric «Bibliography». The latter presented reviews on new publications relating to professional interests of engineers, printed in Germany, Poland, USA, Czechoslovakia, France. Those reviews were lengthy, with meticulously refereed content of the analyzed edition. The permanent rubric «Khronika» of this journal covered activities of the organizations of the Ukrainian engineers in emigration and upon the Ukrainian ethnic terrains. Under the heading «Rynok pratsi» there were printed publications on the opportunities and conditions of employment of the Ukrainian engineers in different countries of the world: Argentine, Belgium, Bulgaria, Brasil, Manchuria, Poland, Romania,France. We have elucidated authorship of the magazine. The latter comprised such renowned Ukrainian scholars as Olgerd-Hippolyt Bochkovsky, Leonid Hrabyna, Solomon Goldelman, Borys Ivanytsky, Ivan Feschenko-Chopovsky, Volodymyr Cherediiv, Ivan Shovgeniv and others. In total, over 40 Ukrainian and two Czech scientists and engineers collaborated with the journal. A bibliography of scholarly papers published in the journal has been compiled (See Appendix).
17
Sinkewycz, Jewhen. "Ukraińscy emigranci polityczni w Kaliszu i Piotrkowie Trybunalskim w latach 1920–1930 w świetle źródeł archiwalnych." Nowa Polityka Wschodnia 40, no. 1 (2024): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/npw20244008.
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In this article, the author considered the fate of Ukrainian political emigrants in the socio-economic life of Kalisz and Piotrków Trybunalski in the 1920s and 1930s. Apart from mentions in general works and articles about Ukrainian political emigration in Poland, there are several special studies devoted to Kalisz and Piotrków Trybunalski. This study was conducted primarily on the basis of documents processed by the author in the state archives of Lodz and Piotrków Trybunalski.
18
Demska-Budzuliak, Lesya. "UKRAINIAN-POLISH INTELLECTUAL CONNECTIONS: THE CHALLENGES OF HISTORY." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 40 (2024): 311–33. https://doi.org/10.17721/psk.2024.40.311-333.
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The article examines the characteristics and particularities of Ukrainian-Polish intellectual and scientific exchanges from the late 19th to the early 21st centuries. It reveals that the initiation and development of scientific collaboration were often influenced by political events: Poland’s regained independence in the early 20th century and the Ukrainian statehood movement throughout the 20th and into the 21st century. This context contributed to a unique aspect of Ukrainian-Polish scholarly cooperation, where not only Ukrainians from both sides of the border but also members of both nations actively participated, distinguishing it from other international Ukrainian scientific interactions. At the same time, it is noted that the source of most Ukrainian-Polish conflicts were Russian narratives. These narratives were intended to weaken Ukrainian-Russian relations and increase Russia’s colonial pressure. Two political initiatives significantly influenced the development of intellectual relations between Ukrainians and Poles and their collaborative resistance to Russian imperial expansion: the “Prometheus” society and the Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Warsaw (1930-1939). Additionally, the role of Jerzy Giedroyc’s Paris-based magazine “Culture» in fostering independent Ukrainian intellectual thought in post-World War II Europe is examined. Two main trends of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the post-war period of the existence of the USSR are identified: -in spite of and -for that. Cooperation was important for Ukrainian-Polish intellectual relations in emigration, despite the tragic conflicts that broke out between the two nations during the Second World War. Instead, cooperation between scientists of Soviet Ukraine and post-war Poland was based on the principle of conveying to the “free world” the truth about the Soviet open occupation of Ukraine and her pressure on Poland. The role of Polish intellectuals and institutions in shaping independent Ukrainian humanitarian science within the broader European context following the reestablishment of Ukraine’s statehood at the end of the 20th century is highlighted.
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KAMENTSEV, Denys. "THE ROLE OF VOLODYMYR SALSKYI IN THE ORGANIZATION UKRAINIAN MILITARY EMIGRATION (1921-1940)." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 31 (2018): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2018-31-190-202.
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The study considers the issue of saving the tradition of Ukrainian statehood in emigration, which is essential and challenging in modern historiography. It is noted that the contribution of individuals to the organization of emigrant life, preservation of national culture and identity remains poorly investigated, despite the considerable interest of researchers in its institutional level – the activities of Ukrainian political, public and cultural organizations and societies. At the personal level, on the example of Volodymyr Salskyi, the contribution to the cause of the organization of Ukrainian military emigrants' life was investigated. The basic directions of V. Salskyi's activity regarding preserving the wholeness, structure and combat capability of the UNR's Army, improving the material and living conditions of the former military, increasing their educational level, professional skills (through the organization of various military training courses and training of former UNR officers), as well as supporting the patriotic spirit were analyzed. The strategy and practical steps of V. Salskyi as the Minister of Military Affairs in exile for providing activities of emigrant political and public structures in various foreign centers such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, France, and Bulgaria are presented. In particular, the focus is on personnel policy, the creation of a human intelligence network that not only carried out intelligence assessment in the region but also tried to consolidate Ukrainians, organized their national and cultural life in new places. Keywords Ukrainian military emigration, Volodymyr Salskyi, UNR State Center, UNR Ministry of Military Affairs.
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Sydorenko, Natalya, and Oksana Dubetska. "Uncompromising Patriot and Citizen Oleksandra Chernova-Zhyvotko." Obraz 33, no. 1 (2020): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2020.1(33)-73-79.
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The article examines journalistic activities of Oleksandra Chernova-Zhyvotko in emigration, clarifies the topic of her publications in the Ukrainian periodicals of Poland, USA, Canada and other countries. The object of the study is primarily monthly journal «Vilna Ukraina / Free Ukraine» (Detroit, New York, USA, 1954–1972) and some other periodicals. Methods of monitoring, press clipping, comparison and generalization are used. As an active author of the journal «Vilna Ukraina / Free Ukraine», O. Chernova-Zhyvotko mostly published the articles related to the world or Ukrainian women’s movement, the achievements of Ukrainian women in the political, literary and social fields.
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Szczepański, Jarosław. "FROM IDENTITY POLITICS TO DEMOPOLITICS: REASONS BEHIND THE ACT ON ASSISTANCE TO UKRAINIAN CITIZENS." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 14, no. 2 (2023): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2717.
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Demography, migration, uneven distribution of population and aging societies of the Western world are influencing the politics of the 21st century. Poland is no exception and its economy is closely tied to its demography. Since joining the European Union Poland has faced great unem-ployment and emigration as well as (more recently) employment shortages and stimulated migra-tion. This paper is aiming to explain the doctrinal foundations of fundamental legal acts that have shaped Polish migration politics toward pre-war Polish eastern land and the former USSR. An explanation will be delivered by the usage of the postcolonial perspective provided by Ładykow-ski to analyze the act on the Polish Card and demopolitical perspective to analyze the act on the special status of Ukrainians in Poland.
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KHOMA, Ivan. "ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMAND CENTER OF THE UKRAINIAN MILITARY ORGANIZATION IN EMIGRATION." Contemporary era 11 (2023): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-11-19.
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After the defeat of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917–1921, in fact the only force that was organized to continue the struggle for the revival of statehood on the Ukrainian lands occupied by the RSFSR and Poland became the Ukrainian Military Organization (until approximately 1924, the name Military Organization was used – VO) . This organization began to be formed by the command staff of the Sich Riflemen (Sichovykh strilʹtsiv) of the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. It is gradually being joined by veterans of UGA and public and political figures. The organizational center was concentrated in Lviv. The material basis initially became the saved funds of the Sichovykh strilʹtsiv, in parallel, financial support was established from Ukrainian emigration to the USA. The fall of 1920 – the fall of 1922 was the period of formation of the command structure, understanding between the founders, a certain even competition for dominance and promotion of their vision of the development of VO. It was difficult to establish cooperation with public and political organizations of Galicia, state centers of ZUNR and UNR. The challenge was the ideological basis. What are we fighting for in Galicia? For the revival of statehood only in Galicia or on all Ukrainian lands. The command of the VO managed to preserve the Sobornytsky principles of activity. In mid-October 1922, the killing of S. Tverdokhlib, a Ukrainian, by members of the Military Organization, for cooperating with the Polish authorities, caused a wave of arrests. In connection with this, the head of VO Yevhen Konovalets was also forced to emigrate. This became a new challenge for the organization, because it was necessary to start organizing the leadership of the Higher Education Institution on emigration and establishing funding. There was no desire to stop at what had been achieved in 1922, but on the contrary, there was a desire to continue the struggle. Financial aid from Ukrainian emigration to the USA became more and more difficult to obtain. Yevhen Konovalets applied to the leadership of ZUNR to receive emigrant funds for the struggle. He believed that VO has the right to these funds. The leadership of ZUNR agreed to allocate a part of the money received from Ukrainian emigration to the USA for VO. In 1923, Y. Petrushevich, whose activities were subsidized by the Soviet government, began to allocate a part of these funds to VO as well. This information is represented in the documents of the Soviet special services. Keywords Military organization, Yevhen Konovalets, ZUNR (WUPR), Yaroslav Chizh, Yevhen Petrushevich, Ukrainian emigration.
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Slabig, Arkadiusz. "Formy współdziałania Służby Bezpieczeństwa Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej i Komitetu Bezpieczeństwa Państwowego Związku Radzieckiego „na odcinku” ukraińskim w latach 1956–1989." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 43 (June 15, 2021): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2021.43.64-82.
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Due to its international aspect, the Ukrainian issue became the subject of cooperation between the Security Service (SB) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MSW) of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) and the State Security Committee (KGB) of the Soviet Union. Cooperation involved counterintelligence services, departments to destroy the political opposition and the so-called ideological and political subversion, and departments controlling religious life. In the first half of the 1970s, the Management of Special Departments of the KGB at the Northern Group of Soviet Forces (in Poland) also took part in special operations against Ukrainians. The design of joint operational activities as well as the exchange of views and information was facilitated by working meetings organized in capital cities and at border crossings. One of the first documented meetings on the Ukrainian question after the period of the political “thaw” was held in May 1958, and the last, most likely at the turn of 1988 and 1989, in Minsk, Belarus. The basic areas of cooperation include: surveillance and disintegration of Ukrainian emigration (mainly rival factions of the nationalist movement), prosecuting Ukrainian war criminals and collaborators who avoided responsibility, surveillance of Ukrainian citizens of the Polish People’s Republic suspected of carrying out “nationalist activities”, signaling threats to the security of the state generated by Ukrainian population as well as standard completion and verification of archival materials concerning the controlled persons. The operational activities of the secret services of Poland and the Soviet Union required the involvement of so-called personal information sources, i.e. secret collaborators. They were Polish and Soviet citizens of Ukrainian nationality, with numerous relatives and friends in Poland, the Soviet Union and Western countries. This allowed them to cross state borders, despite restrictive passport regulations. The Security Service recruited them to cooperate by threatening with imprisonment, embarrassment, and dismissal from work or studies. Support was also offered in finding a job or a flat, and it was also possible to renew contacts with relatives abroad. These were effective tools for manipulating agents.
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FINOHENOV, OLEH. "THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS: CREATIONS, STATUTORY TASKS, THE FIRST STEPS IN THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 32 (2019): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2019-32-55-65.
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Geopolitical changes in international relations after the First World War, new accents in the foreign policy of the leading European countries, increasing the relevance of the "Ukrainian issue" were the main factors that stimulated the interest of Galicia's public figures in international policy. The Western Ukrainian Society of the League of Nations (ZUTLN), pursuing the idea of reviving Ukrainian statehood, tried to influence the solution of the "Ukrainian issue" in the format of the Union of Societies of the League of Nations (STLN). The author considers the program principles of activity, the status of ZUTLN in STLN, the impact of international factors on the evolution of its activities, shows the relationship of ZUTLN with the ZUNR (Western Ukrainian People's Republic) government-in-exile, Ukrainian parties, organizations, institutions. The attitude of ZUTLN to the policy of the Polish authorities on the "Ukrainian issue" is also illustrated. The formation of the society is associated with the Ukrainian political emigration, and its ideological platform was based on the idea of non-acceptance of the Versailles system of treaties (on the dividing of Ukrainian lands between the USSR, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia), the Treaty of Riga 1921 between Poland, the Russian SFSR, and the USSR, as well as the decision of the Council of Ambassadors of the Entente States of March 15, 1923. To implement the statutory tasks, ZUTLN kept close contacts and cooperated with the ZUNR government-in-exile, political parties of Western Ukraine, as well as with the UPR (Ukrainian Parliamentary Representation) and other public and political organizations. Keywords: ZUTLN, STLN, Poland, the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, statut, Galicia, League of Nations.
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Krotofil, Maciej, Ihor Sribnyak, and Natalia Yakovenko. "The Journal “Tabor” (1923–1939): Thematic palette and information potential of publications, role in the consolidation of Ukrainian military emigration in Poland." Kyiv Historical Studies 20, no. 1 (2025): 47–53. https://doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2025.15.
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The article reveals key aspects of the history of the publication of the military-historical journal “Tabor”, which was founded in the camp of interned Ukrainian soldiers in Kalisz (Poland) in 1923 by a group of generals and senior officers of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Among its co-creators was the chief ataman Symon Petliura, who prepared an article for its first issue, which formulated programmatic objectives for the entire Ukrainian military emigration. From the beginning of the publication, the vast majority of articles were devoted almost exclusively to military topics, but starting in 1927, the journal began to include materials of various genres of an ideological, political, and polemical nature, united by the idea of restoring the UРR. At this time, the journal received a significant financial subsidy from a special account of the General Staff of the Polish Army, which allowed it to pay royalties and improve the publication’s printing. In total, by 1939, 37 issues of the journal were published, which included articles by famous military figures of the UРR Army, memoir materials, information with an analysis of the political situation, etc. During this time, the journal became one of the important centers for the development of Ukrainian military theoretical thought and a center for uniting Ukrainian combatants. The importance of researching this topic lies in introducing the materials of the journal “Tabor” into scientific circulation, as well as determining the degree of its organizational influence on Ukrainian combatants. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the main milestones in the publishing history of the journal “Tabor”, to establish the circle of its most active employees from among the leading representatives of the Ukrainian military emigration, as well as to outline the contribution of the Polish military authorities to ensuring the circulation of the aforementioned journal. Downloads
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Szabaciuk, Andrzej. "Emigracja zarobkowa z Ukrainy do Polski w propagandzie rosyjskiej po 2014 roku." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 17, no. 2 (2019): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2019.2.12.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the image of economic emigration from Ukraine to Poland created by pro-Kremlin media after 2014. It shows how Russian propaganda changed during the 20th century, what function it had from the tsarist period, through the years of the Soviet Union, to contemporary times. Its significance in the period after the decomposition of the union state was presented, and in particular the changes that it underwent since Vladimir Putin’s first presidency. There were shown ideological changes, which more or less influenced the public discourse, and thus also the media coverage. The functions of the Russian propaganda after the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the way of presenting mass labour migration from Ukraine to Poland are presented, both in the context of creating a specific narrative about the current internal and foreign situation of Ukraine after the Dignity Revolution, as well as against the background of Polish-Ukrainian relations and migration processes taking place in Poland. It was shown which aspects of mass migration were most often presented by pro-Kremlin information platforms, in which context and how a specific propaganda discourse was constructed. An important element is the analysis of changes observed in the message of the state-controlled Russian media concerning the mass migration of Ukrainians to Poland and the analysis of the origins, scale, significance and consequences of this migration. More extensive research leads to the conclusion that the media controlled by the Kremlin authorities can skilfully construct the message by adapting it to the addressee. In Polish language information services, the information addressed to the recipient is much more detailed and prepared in such a way as to build an aversion between the host society and Ukrainian economic immigrants. While preparing the article, we used the analysis of data found with elements of a comparative analysis.
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Borymskyi, Vitalii. "THE POLISH-UKRAINIAN ALLIANCE OF 1920 IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 33 (October 28, 2024): 337–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2024.33.337.
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The article is devoted to the study of the development and main trends of modern Ukrainian historiography of the Polish-Ukrainian Alliance of 1920. The source base of the study are monographs, articles, and dissertations of Ukrainian historians in the period from 1991 to 2022. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of the Cambridge School of Intellectual History, which can be generally characterized as a contextualist method of interpretation, which places the main emphasis on historical conditions and the intellectual context of the discourse of a given historical era. These principles are especially relevant for the mentioned issue given its political sensitivity, which has not disappeared to this day. As a result, the political context at the time of the creation of the text can significantly influence the research questions and interpretations of the researchers. The author notes that since Ukraine regained its independence in 1991, Ukrainian scholars have rejected the Soviet paradigm of the history of the Polish-Soviet war and have largely adopted the interpretive schemes of emigration historiography. In this narrative, in contrast to the Soviet one, S. Petliura, when signing the agreement with Poland, was guided by Ukrainian national interests. However, Ukraine became a hostage to the selfish interests of Poland, which eventually betrayed its ally. However, as the author proves, the interpretive model that depicts the Polish-Ukrainian Alliance as the resultant force of Polish and Ukrainian interests and resources is beginning to dominate Ukrainian historiography. The aspect of uniting for the common struggle against Bolshevism began to come to the fore. A significant role in this process is played by the possibility of contacts between Ukrainian historians and Polish colleagues, the essential filling of many factual gaps and, not least, the geopolitical situation of Ukraine.
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Szumiło, Mirosław. "Status and Prospects for Research on the Attitude of the Ukrainian Minority to the Policies of the Civil and Military Authorities in Connection with the Situation before and During the Polish September Campaign 1939." Res Historica 58 (December 18, 2024): 285–310. https://doi.org/10.17951/rh.2024.58.285-310.
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The text discusses the issue of the attitude of the Ukrainian minority towards the Polish State in the last months of the Second Polish Republic and during the Polish Campaign in 1939. Research conducted in this area in the Polish People's Republic, the Soviet Union and by emigration entities is also briefly characterized. Then, achievements of Polish and Ukrainian historiography after the fall of communism were discussed, focusing on the most important and valuable publications in order to indicate areas and issues that require further in-depth research. The initial turning point was the Münich crisis in September 1938, which resulted in, among other things, in bringing the Ukrainian issue to the international forum and political activation of the Ukrainian population in Poland. The final caesura is the end of armed clashes during the Polish campaign in 1939.
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Czapliński, Paweł, and Vasyl Dzhaman. "Problems of the Ukrainian labor market." Journal of Geography, Politics and Society 9, no. 4 (2019): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jpgs.2019.4.03.
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According to various sources, after 2014 there was a clear decline in GDP and the level of income in Ukraine, which, taking into account the interdependence between economic growth and the condition of the labor market, translated into significant difficulties in the structure of resources and the activity of the local workforce. The source of these difficulties turned out to be not only the price factor, but also non-price factors such as poor protection of employee rights, lack of social protection and social security, as well as payment gridlocks on the employer-employee line. This forced many Ukrainians to sometimes make dramatic decisions about economic emigration, mainly to European Union countries, including Poland. According to various estimates, there are currently 7 to 9 million Ukrainian citizens working abroad who contribute to the development of the economies of other countries. Meanwhile, the Ukrainian labor market is in a very difficult situation. Based on the analysis of official statistical data, an attempt was made to characterize the Ukrainian labor market, its main determinants were outlined and Ukrainians’ attitudes towards changes on the domestic labor market were determined. The research used critical literature analysis, statistical description methods, spatial analysis methods and case study method. Based on the conducted analyzes, it was shown that in the years 2010–2017 the Ukrainian labor market was struggling with a number of unfavorable phenomena, which was significantly aggravated by the political crisis at the turn of 2013 and 2014.
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Matkovskyy, Ivan. "UKRAINE IN WORK OF JOZEF LOBODOWSKI: RECEPTION OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT IN ХХ CENTURY". Polish Studies of Kyiv, № 35 (2019): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.223-230.
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In the article the author Ivan Matkovsky analizes the publicistic work of Jozef Lobodowski who was the dedicated supporter of the Polish-Ukrainian Association. He tries to show Lobodowski’s reception of the Ukrainian nationalist movement in the 30th and the attempts of Ukrainians in this regard. Against the background of the internal problem of the Polish state, called the “Ukrainian question”, the author watches the opinions of the conscious patriotic Polish intellectuals who under the slogan of “historical objectivity” made attempts to prevent the tragedy in the relations between two neighboring states. Using post-war publications the author makes an attempt to show the evolution of the national liberation struggle evaluation which can be used by scientists for studying the Polish-Ukrainian relations these days. The author shows the evolution of Jozef Lobodowski who was shocked the horrors of the 1932-1933 Holodomor (Great Famine). The publicist breaks with his Communist past and Russophile sentiments. Lobodowski tries to present in interwar Poland the tragedy of the Ukrainian intellectuals who came under the Soviet government occupation. There are several key directions Lobodowski was working on: the popularization of contemporary Ukrainian culture, the finding of an unknown Ukrainian historical and an analysis of the Ukrainian political environment. Therefore, we observe the efforts of Jozef Lobodowski to estimate the reasons of the conflict with the Ukrainian nationalists representatives. He offers his own vision for future of the Polish-Ukrainian cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe. It is important the author’s attempt to show the development of Jozef Lobodowski’s activities in the period of his emigration. Those days both Ukrainians and Polish emigrants were trying to analyze the common Polish-Ukrainian past in Galicia and Volyn and create new platforms for dialogue. And one of those platforms are the creations and views of Jozef Lobodowski
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Koval, Olga V. "Legal and Social Aspects of the Belarusian Economic Emigration to Canada in the 1920s-30s." RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, no. 3 (2022): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-3-417-431.
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The author examines the main features for the formation of the Belarusian economic emigration to Canada. The intensity of the emigration from 1921 to 1939 was analyzed, when the territory of Western Belarus was a part of Poland. The historical base of the research was the unpublished documents of the Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish archives. The article presents the structure of state emigration bodies that were involved in organizing and controlling the recruitment of emigrants, their employment and the process of re-emigration. It describes the features of the Canadian legislation for the scale of the Belarusian emigration and the legal adaptation of emigrants. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Canadian railway companies “Canadian National Railways” and “Canadian Pacific Railways” in the selection of emigrants and their employment in agriculture and industry. The author argue that the Polish authorities stimulated the emigration of the Belarusian population for the polonization of Western Belarus. The problematic socio-psychological adaptation of the Belarusian emigrants, because Belarusians in Canada weakly expressed the national identity, is described. The author concludes that the international cooperation had an important role in forming the diaspora’s and national identity, especially the international contacts with the representatives of other peoples and the participation in common political organizations and projects.
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ARTYMYSHYN, Yuliia. "«ZAKERZONNIA» AS A CONCEPT: THE LINE-THE BORDER-THE TERRITORY-THE LOST REGION?" Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-137-156.
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The circumstances and context of creating the concept of «Zakerzonnia», which is used for the generalized definition of the whole region of modern Ukrainian-Polish ethnic borderland, are analyzed. The main approaches to explaining the term «Zakerzonnia» and related with it the notion of Curzon Line in encyclopedic articles are defined. In a brief historiographical review emergence and application of the term Curzon Line to the formation of the Polish-Russian and Polish-Soviet border are observed. The settlement's names through which the demarcation line went, its use's political contexts are given. Both the informational and analytical articles in the press of Ukrainian emigration in Europe and proclamation of the leadership of OUN of «Zakerzon Territory» of the late 1940s are considered. These materials highlight the problem of the Polish-Ukrainian border, the forced displacement of Ukrainians. It is noticed, that generally the first description of «Ukrainians living beyond the Curzon Line» was used in these publications. It is confirmed that this interpretation was later transformed into the term «Zakerzonnia» in periodicals of foreign units of OUN of the late 1940s-early 1950s, that is, the territory of the «Western Ukrainian lands», from which the Ukrainians were deported. It is shown that in the Ukrainian centers of the Lemko community of Canada and the USA in the early 1960s, in particular on the pages of periodicals of the Organization of Defense of the Lemkivschyna, the term «Zakerzonnia» is used less frequently than names of historical and ethnographic regions: Lemkivshchyna (Lemko region), Kholmshchyna (Kholm region), Pidliashia, Nadsiannia (Posiannia, Sian region). It is claimed that the active use of the term «Zakerzonnia» occurred in the 1990-2000s due to the activities of social-cultural organizations of deported Ukrainians from Poland. Keywords: Curzon Line, «Zakerzonnia», concept, Ukrainian-Polish borderland
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Davydiuk, Ruslana. "FINDING A FORMULA FOR UNDERSTANDING AT THE VOLYN BORDER (20-30 YEARS OF THE ХХ CENTURY)". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1, № 33 (2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2022-33-16-22.
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In defining the principles of the policy of memory in Ukraine and Poland today, the problem of understanding the attempts at interethnic reconciliation in the interwar period is significant. In the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, they were associated with the ideas of members of the moderate part of the Polish intellectual elite, the political legacy of Marshal Józef Pilsudski and his supporters. The scientific article opens up the foundations of federalist policy and its specificity at the Volyn border. It has focused on the ideas of Polish intellectuals during the interwar period, their vision of the future of Ukraine, and Ukrainian-Polish relations. It was found that the practical implementation of the principles of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation and coexistence was embodied in the policy of Volyn governor Henryk Yuzevskyi. The ideas of prometheism, the «Volyn experiment» were shared by the Ukrainian political emigration leaders who consolidated around the figure of Symon Petliura. Some Polish intellectuals criticized the idea of the «Sokal border», an important component of «Volyn politics», noting that the separation of Galicia and Volynia only harms the interests of Poland. Despite the spread of ideas of interethnic tolerance among the representatives of the Polish moderate intellectual elite, the national policy of interwar Poland was marked by inconsistencies, contradictions, which ultimately led to deepening contradictions in society. Despite the spread of the ideas of the Polish-Ukrainian rapprochement, they have not been implemented in the Second Polish Republic.
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KOSTYSHYN, Roman. "SOCIO-POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF VOLODYMYR KOKHAN IN THE 1920-1960S." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-342-351.
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The main directions of Volodymyr Kokhan's public and political activities in the 1920-1960s are analyzed through the prism of socio-political processes in the region. Attention is focused on the features of the formation of his worldview. V. Kokhan's expressive national and patriotic consciousness was based on family values and was laid down by educational and public institutions of Halychyna, which carried out active awareness-raising work among the Ukrainian people of the region. The politician's contribution to the activity of the Ukrainian Military Organization (UMO) is considered, his circle of like-minded people is singled out, among them - the future leaders of the national-state parties and national-cultural organizations of Halychyna. While in the UMO during the national liberation struggle, the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1918–1919, he made considerable efforts to protect the national, cultural, and socio-political rights of Ukrainians in Halychyna. In the mid-1920s, as a member of the Ukrainian Party of National Labor (UPNR), he was one of the active supporters of the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDA). The well-known politician's organizational and political work is characterized; specific examples show the struggle of one of the Ukrainian national democracy leaders for raising the national consciousness of the Ukrainians of Halychyna. Through V. Kokhan's political biography's prism, the complex intertwining of political, social, and national aspects of the Ukrainian socio-political movement in the period is shown. The parliamentary work of V. Kokhan in the highest legislative body of Poland is outlined. Since 1928, party activity became secondary for one of the leaders of the National Democrats, comparing to parliamentary work. Emphasis is placed on organizational achievements in the National Unity Front (NUF), in exile in Canada, as one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Canadian Committee (UCC). Keywords: Volodymyr Kokhan, socio-political activities, Western Ukraine, emigration.
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Zhuk, Yanina, Svitlana Bilan, Marcin Brycz, and Hanna Brycz. "Economic status, emigration, and life satisfaction: Strategies of acculturation among Belarusian and Ukrainian migrants in Poland before and during the war." Economics & Sociology 16, no. 4 (2023): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2023/16-4/16.
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The main aim of the study was to investigate the acculturation strategies and life satisfaction of Belarusians and Ukrainians living in Poland. The study participants (N = 423) provided socio-demographic data about themselves, when they came to Poland (before or during the Russian invasion of Ukraine), and filled in the acculturation and the life satisfaction questionnaires. The results indicated no difference in acculturation, education, or economic status between the Belarusians and the Ukrainians. The positive relationship between economic status and life satisfaction, unsurprisingly, was evident. However, it was found that marginalization, discrimination, and assimilation as acculturation strategies were salient among participants who came to Poland before the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The migrants who entered Poland during the war showed sedate attitudes towards Poland. The relationship between the migrants’ economic status and the moment of migration (before vs. during the war) and attitudes towards integration became clear. Poor and middle-class migrants consistently show a rather high degree of preference for the best acculturation strategy - integration. Meanwhile, the rich participants showed the highest integration before the war, but the rich who came during the war exhibited the lowest level of integration. This is explained based on the economic literature.
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Yablonskyi, Vasyl. "Concept of “sobornist” in public activity of the State Center of Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile in 1920s – 1930s." European Historical Studies, no. 17 (2020): 166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.17.10.
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In the article author reviews ideological approaches and practical application of the “sobornist” of Ukraine concept by the State Center of Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR) in exile. The views of leadership of the Ukrainian government in exile about “sobornist” are examined in the context of their debates with the emigrant political opponents and rivals in the occupied territories. Despite different conceptions of restoring Ukraine’s independence in the future, the UNR government’s emigration center was united in the idea that Ukraine would be consolidated into one state only when the Ukrainian government established control over Kyiv and the Dnieper region. Ideas of restoring independence of certain regions were considered unrealistic and harmful. The obstacle in establishing cooperation between the State Center of UNR and various political groups, including regional ones, was the consequences of the signing of the 1920 Warsaw Pact by the Directory of the UNR. The author also looks at the policies of the State Center of UNR in the international arena toward protection of rights of the Ukrainians during “pacification” in Poland (1930) and emergence of the Carpathian Ukraine (1938-1939). It is argued that reframing the concept of “sobornist” of Ukraine in the process of restoring Ukraine’s independence was a complex endeavor, which hindered consolidation of the emigrant Ukrainian parties in the years between two world wars.
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DYADYUKH-BOGATKO, Nataliya. "MAGAZINES “NOVA KHATA” AND “NASHE ZHITTYA (OVER LIFE)”: PERSONS, ART, MARKETING." Bulletin of the Lviv University. Series of Arts Studies 218, no. 24 (2023): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vas.24.2023.172-190.
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The magazine “Nova Khata” was an important phenomenon in the territory of Galicia between the two world wars. In essence, it was a marker of national identification of Ukrainians in the interwar period on the territory that belonged to Poland and spread far beyond its borders. It is known that raising boys − you raise warriors, raising girls − you raise a nation. And today, in the time of military upheavals in our country, the topic of education of future generations is still relevant. Citing many facts from the history, personalities and pages of the magazines “Nova Khata” and “Nashe zhitva” we have the following conclusions. The magazine “Nova Khata” was an important phenomenon in the territory of Galicia between the two world wars. In fact, it was a marker of national identification of Ukrainians. Later, this relay was picked up by the overseas magazine “Our Life”, continuing the idea of educating Ukrainians in emigration. Before the magazines, the administrative group put a lot of effort into fostering Ukrainian culture, often free of charge. To cultivate artistic taste, outstanding artists were invited to design covers. The publishing business of both editions was in the hands of enthusiasts who contributed to it all possible factors for them. The marketing of both magazines was based on frank correspondence and covered a wide range of women’s interests: political life, literary reading, cooking recipes, children’s pages and many others. We can say that through the prism of these women’s magazines, generations of Ukrainian women were brought up, which brought up the Ukrainian nation.
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Kovaliv, Yurii. "ESTABLISHMENT OF UKRAINIAN-POLISH LITERARY RELATIONS DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 40 (2024): 380–93. https://doi.org/10.17721/psk.2024.40.380-393.
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The article is describes the observation of Ukrainian-Polish relations during the difficult time of the interwar twenty years under unfavorable conditions of political life (sanitization, pacification) after unsuccessful national liberation struggles for Ukraine. The dynamics of the formation of the new Ukrainian cultural and literary infrastructure on the territory of Poland are considered, starting with the activities of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile, the formation of a new generation of emigrants who accepted the harsh challenges of modernity, did not despair, changed the bayonet to a pen. The. formation of the foundations of the “Prague School” in the camp center of interned soldiers, their gradual confirmation in literature, attempts to establish creative contacts with the “scamandrites”, and the formation of extra-camp formations are clarified. Specifically, the Ukrainian creative emigration under the conditions of rehabilitation, pacification or semi-recognition was urged to break through marginal complexities in the Polish and Czech environment and, under the new circumstances, felt the need for “a new challenge: to create a national culture and thereby strengthen the power of the people in its liberation struggles“. The panorama of the intellectual potential of Ukrainian scientists in Poland is highlighted, the process of establishing the Ukrainian-Polish communicative field (as opposed to political realities), documented by contemporary periodicals and personal contacts of Ukrainian and Polish writers, is clarified. However, despite the policies of Marshal J. Piłsudski and the harsh leveling of Ukrainianness, some Polish periodicals treated the Ukrainian problem favorably. It is stated that Ukrainian-Polish literary ties did not tear off during the interwar period, but patched up fragmentally, unfortunately did not acquire the hoped-for circulation of ideas, testifying to the possibility of dialogical convergence of horizons of understanding despite various, primarily political, differences, different cultures and creative experiences.
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Humenna, Iryna. "ACTIVITIES OF THE UKRAINIAN STUDENT SOCIETIES OF EASTERN HALICHINA IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD (1918–1939) AND OF THEIR PARTICIPANTS IN EMIGRATION BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE «UKRAINIAN STUDENT» MAGAZINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 156 (2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2023.156.2.
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Background. The studied period for the territory of Eastern Galicia was a time of struggle for self-determination and search for ways to develop Ukrainian education and science. Ukrainian student associations should be active participants in all political, socio-economic and cultural processes of the Eastern Galician lands, especially during the period when these territories were part of the Republic of Poland. Especially today, it is necessary to study the peculiarities of the cooperation of emigrant students with members of Ukrainian societies that remained on Ukrainian territory and to study the experience of students' national and cultural activities. Methods. Reviewing the periodical and taking into account the challenges of the researched period, it was important to adhere to the principle of objectivity, especially when analyzing posts with political content or editors' opinions, to use a number of methods, including general scientific, interdisciplinary and actually historical. Results. The article analyzes the activity of Ukrainian student associations of Eastern Galicia in the interwar period (1918-1939) using the magazine «Ukrainian Student», which was published in Prague by students from Naddniprianshchyna. The journal described a series of events, the research of which helps to assess the contribution of Ukrainian students of Eastern Galicia to national and economic development, the formation of the Ukrainian University, and the cultural, educational and sports life of Ukrainian lands. Based on the analysis of the articles in the magazine, the cooperation of Ukrainian student societies in international affairs and the promotion of the idea for the European community that it is necessary to support the Ukrainian people in their desire to declare independence were investigated. Problems were found that hindered Ukrainian students of Eastern Galicia and their representatives in emigration. These were: lack of funds, lack of housing, persecution by the authorities and many ideological directions. We also see how the intelligentsia cooperated with, helped and supported the Ukrainian students of Eastern Galicia. The article shows the importance of student congresses in the struggle for the creation of the Ukrainian state, as well as for the search for material aid and allies. Conclusion. The important place of Ukrainian student societies of Eastern Galicia in the interwar period (1918-1939) in the national and cultural life of Ukrainians is shown.
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Futala, V. "Military-Political Emigration of Ukrainian People’s Republic in the Interwar Poland: Polish Historians’ Researches and Interpretations." Scholarly Works of the Faculty of History, Zaporizhzhia National University 50 (2018): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/swfh-2018-50-010.
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Niesiołowski, J. "Accession of Ukraine to the European Union - opportunities and threats on the example of Poland." TRANSFORMATION LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS DOCTRINAL APPROACHES AND MEASUREMENTS, no. 14 (September 1, 2023): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2023-14-34-40.
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The article describes the stages of Poland’s accession to the European Union and shows the specificity of the negotiation processes. While examining the political and so-cio-economic situation of Poland as well as the needs and conditions of European com-munities that contributed to Poland’s membership in the European Union, the author constantly makes comparisons with Ukraine. In particular, it was emphasized that the European communities, when making decisions regarding Poland, took into account its role as a leader in the fight against the communist system, and in relation to Ukraine - the heroic struggle of the Ukrainian nation against the Russian aggressor. The author indicates the opportunities and threats related to Ukraine’s accession to the European Union in the context of Polish experiences. Key words: European integration, acquis communautaire, state sovereignty, EU freedoms, economic emigration, national identity, national security, development of science.
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GENYK, Mykola. "The influence of “The declaration on the matter of principles of the polish-ukrainian cooperation” of 1987 on the forging of bilateral relationship." Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3737.
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Background The Helsinki Accords signed in 1975 set inviolability of frontiers, ensured respect for human rights and hence formed the new international situation in the East Central Europe. With the emergence of opposition movements and the crisis of so-cialist bloc and the communist ideology, the issue of the future order, interethnic rela-tions, borders and national minorities arose. Purpose The purpose of the article is to research preconditions for signing of “The Declaration on the Matter of Principles of the Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation” in 1987 and its role in paving the way for bilateral relationship. Results. On the Polish opposition initiative in 1987 “The Declaration on the Mat-ter of Principles of the Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation” was signed with representatives of the Ukrainian emigration. It supported inviolability of borders and respect for nation-al minorities’ rights. The declaration was the first agreed between Polish opposition and Ukrainian émigrés document to suggest integrated and thorough project of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation after the downfall of the Socialist Camp and the Soviet Union. Its statements developed by civil society institutions, and partly approved by the gov-ernment-in-exile, were recognized by state structures of both nations after gaining of in-dependence and became a basis of their relationship. The Declaration gave a great impe-tus to normalization of relations between independent Poland and Ukraine. Its principles were implemented in an interstate framework treaty between Ukraine and Poland in 1992 and in a joint statement about mutual understanding and unity signed on the twen-ty-first of May, 1997. Key words: the Polish-Ukrainian relations, frontiers, national minorities, the East Central Europe. Before we will be with Europe. Jerzy Stankiewicz is talking to Grzegorz Kostrzewa, 1989. Tygodnik Polski, 35. 27 sierpnia. (In Polish) Boruta, M., 2002. Free with Free, Equal with Equal. Poland and the Poles about Inde-pendence of the Eastern Neighbours of Rzeczypospolita. Kraków: ARCANA, 355 p. (In Polish) Chushak, Kh., 2011. There is no Free Poland without Free Ukraine: Ukraine and Ukrainians in the Political Thought of Polish Opposition (1976–1989). Lviv: Instytut ukrayinoznavstva im. I. Kryp’yakevycha NAN Ukrayiny; Vydavnyctvo “PAIS”. (In Ukrainian) Concerning the Issue of Polish-Ukrainian Relations [unpublished sourse], 1986. The Declaration. Samostijnyk. Visnyk nezalezhnoho ukrayins"koho slova, 4–5. J. Targalski’s Private Archive in Warsaw. (In Ukrainian) Ideological Declaration of Confederation of Independent Poland [unpublished sourse]. 1 IX 1979. Archives of the KARTA Center (AOK). Archives of the Opposition (AO). Sygn. AO IV/13.1. K. 1. Warsaw. (In Polish) Les archives de l’Institut Litteraire a Paris (AILP). Les coupures de presse (CP). 1991. Vol. 3: Kozak S. Poland and Ukraine. Paths and Impassable Roads to Mutual Understand-ing, 1991. Więź, 11–12 (XI–XII), pp.113–115. (In Polish) Małynowycz, W., 1987. Ukraine and Poland. Kultura, 9 (480), pp.113–115. (In Polish) Markowicz, P., 1988. The Frontiers. Zomorządność, 157 (4 III). Kraków, pp.3–4. (In Polish) Nykiel, W., 1990. Forewarns of Juliusz Mieroszewski. Pogląd, 1/2. Styczeń–luty, pp.65–66. (In Polish) Organizacje opozycyjne wg. miast P-Z: Ideological Declaration of Confederation of Independent Poland [unpublished sourse], 1979, 1. IX. Biblioteka Narodowa. Dokumenty życia społecznego. (DŻS). Sygn. I 2 j. Warsaw. (In Polish) Organizacje opozycyjne wg. miast P-Z: The Statement on the Principles of Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation [unpublished sourse], III 1987. Biblioteka Narodowa. Dokumenty życia społecznego. Sygn. I 2 j. Paryż (In Polish) Podlaski K. [Skaradziński B.]. Belarusians – Lithuanians – Ukrainians: our Enemies or Brothers? Warsaw: Przedświt [unpublished sourse], 1984. P. Kazanecki’s. Private Archive in Warsaw. (In Polish) Samostijnyk. Visnyk nezalezhnoho ukrayins"koho slova [unpublished sourse], 1986, 4–5. J. Targalski’s Private Archive in Warsaw. (In Ukrainian) The Attitude of the Union to National Minorities’ Organizations [unpublished sourse]. Archives of the Karta Center (AOK). Sygn. A/7.4.2 (In Polish) The borders were established for us. Zbigniew Dudziński talked. 1990. Po prostu. War-szawa, 12. 3. V. S. 10. (In Polish) The Declaration: to Brothers Ukrainians, Belarusians and Lithuanians [unpublished sourse], 1985. Vidnova. Kul"tura. Suspil"stvo. Polityka, 3. B. Berdychowska’s Private Ar-chive. (In Ukrainian) The Interview with Jan Zaleski (KOS), 1988. Dialogi. Biuletyn polsko-ukraiński [unpublished sourse], 2–3(11–12), P. Kazanecki’s Private Archive in Warsaw. (In Polish) The interview with Bogumiła Berdychowska [unpublished sourse], Warsaw, 9. Х. 2003. (In Ukrainian) The interview with Bohdan Skaradziński, Podkowa Leśna [unpublished sourse], 15. VIII. 2006. (In Ukrainian) The interview with Grzegorz Kostrzewa-Zorbas [unpublished sourse], Warsaw, 18. VII. 2009. (In Ukrainian) The interview with Jerzy Targalski [unpublished sourse], Warsaw, 22. VIII. 2006. (In Ukrainian) The interview with Leszek Moczulski [unpublished sourse], Warsaw, 18. I. 2007. (In Ukrainian) The Position of CUPPO on Polish-Ukrainian Relations. Vidnova. Kul"tura. Suspil"stvo. Polityka, 5. Lito-osin’-zyma 1986: Chornobyl" – trahediya Ukrayiny [unpublished sourse]. B. Berdychowska’s Private Archive. (In Ukrainian) The Position of CUPPO on Polish-Ukrainian Relations [unpublished sourse], 1986. Samostijnyk. Visnyk nezalezhnoho ukrayins"koho slova, 4–5. J. Targalski’s Private Ar-chive. (In Ukrainian) The Resolution on National Minorities Issue, № 69/81. I Krajowy Zjazd Delegatów NSZZ “Solidarność”. Statut. Uchwała programowa z Aneksem. Dokumenty Zjazdu. Gdańsk: Biuro Informacji Prasowej Komisji Krajowej NSZZ “Solidarność” [unpublished sourse], [1981]. Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance (AIPN). Sygn. IPN BU MSW II 1637. Npgn. (In Polish) The Prague Appeal, 1987. Obóz, 12. B.m.: Wydawnictwo CDN. pp.79–80. (In Polish) The Yalta Appeal, 1985. Niepodległość. Miesięcznik Polityczny Liberalno-Demokratycznej Partii “Niepodległość”, 37–38(II). (In Polish) To Brothers Ukrainians, Belarusians and Lithuanians! The proposal of Common Posi-tion on Polish-Ukrainian, Polish-Belarusian and Polish-Lithuanian Border, 1984. Nowa Koalicja, 2. (In Polish) Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council. (ZP UHVR – HS ZS UHVR – The surroundings of UHVR (documents, information, names dictionary). Hadyach: Hadyach, 2001. (In Ukrainian) W. Mokry’s Private Archive in Krakow: The editorial staff of the “New Coalition”. Signs of Breakthrough, 1988. Nowa Koalicja, 5, pp.4–5. (In Polish) W. Mokry’s Private Archive in Krakow: the Statement of Ukrainian Supreme Libera-tion Council UHWR, 1986. Obszar III. Pismo Konfederacji Polski Niepodległej. Obszar – Łódź, 2 (XI), pp.1–2. (In Polish) Założenia programowe, 1983. Niepodległość, 21–22 (IX–X). pp.1–3. (In Polish)
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Davydiuk, Ruslana. "Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921 in the Discourse of the Ational Memory of the Interwar Volyn." Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 2, no. 48 (2018): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2018.48.75-81.
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In the public discourse of interwar Volyn, the celebration of memorable events of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921 took an important place. The bearers of national ideology were politicians, military, public figures who did not accept Bolshevik rule and found themselves in political emigration in Poland. They formed the phenomenon of the state in exile, did not forget the traditions, kept the memory of the liberation struggle. Having settled in Volyn voivodeship, political emigrants intensified socio-political practices associated with the celebration of Ukrainian revolutionary events.The solemn church services, the academies devoted to the proclamation of independence of UNR by the 4thUniversal (Declaration), the Battle of Kruty, the Second Winter Campaign and the Bazar's heroes became traditional. The ordering of military graves, the construction of monuments and tombstones for deceased soldiers contributed to the preservation of the historical memory. After 1926, the priority in the annual commemoration belonged to the memorial services for Symon Petliura and to the academies devoted to his memory.
 Keywords: Ukrainian Revolution, Second Polish Republic, Volyn voivodeship, memorable events, military graves, academies, memorial services
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Holubnycha-Shlenchak, Yuliia, та Ihor Sribniak. "Voices of the Camp Press of the Interned Ukrainians Soldiers in Szczypіornо, Poland (1922 – September 1923)". Ukrainian Information Space, № 1(13) (29 березня 2024): 135–58. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-7948.1(13).2024.300879.
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The article analyses the peculiarities of the newspaper and magazine periodicals functioning in the internment camp for Ukrainian soldiers of the UPR Army in Szczypiorno, Poland during 1922 – the first half of 1923. It is noted that the camp press played an extremely important organisational and mobilising role among internees, trying to meet their special needs. All the camp periodicals urgently needed the material support of campers, in particular, their charitable contributions, which were transferred to the press funds of the publications; at the same time, their editors tried to accumulate funds by subscribing to periodicals both in Poland and abroad. Due to the chronic lack of funds, the printing quality of all camp publications was rather poor, but this state of affairs did not prevent the camp press from effectively fulfilling its tasks thanks to a consistent editorial policy, constant live feedback from readers to their editors, and the thematic diversity of the publications’ materials. The article provides information about three camp periodicals: the non-periodical journal “Bulletin of the Union of Medical Assistants in Exile”, the newspapers “New Life” and “Ukrainian Trumpeter”, and the one-day newspaper “On the Ruins” (the history of the publication of another journal in Szczypiorno, the “Religious and Scientific Bulletin”, was covered in a separate publication). Among them, the most influential was the army-wide newspaper “Ukrainian Trumpeter”, which was distributed in all internment camps of the UPR troops. From the very beginning of its circulation, the new publication was respected by both camp residents and Ukrainian political emigrants in Poland and other European countries. The paper covered important events in the world, provided camp chronicles with reviews of the cultural and educational activities of the military, primarily in the theatre and publishing field. The circulation of the camp press was another testament to the endurance of the Ukrainian military, its ability to fight for its ideals despite all the difficulties of emigration life.
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Libanova, Ella, and Oleksii Pozniak. "War-driven wave of Ukrainian emigration to Europe: an attempt to evaluate the scale and consequences (the view of Ukrainian researchers)." Statistics in Transition new series 24, no. 1 (2023): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59170/stattrans-2023-014.
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The article aims to evaluate the scale and consequences of the emigration of Ukrainians triggered by the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The paper also attempts to determine the composition of the refugees. The first weeks of the military aggression saw the most active departure of the population from Ukraine, after that the number of those seeking refuge decreased. According to the estimation of the Ptukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine based on the data from the State Border Guard Service, the number of ‘refugees from the war in Ukraine’ reached 3 million as of the end of June 2022. The emigrants are mainly residents of Kyiv and Kharkiv, which results in a much higher specific weight of people with higher education than the national average. This fact combined with an orientation towards employment rather than social assistance (a mentality that is relatively close to Europeans), suggests a high probability (especially compared to the same emigrants from other countries, including Syria and Afghanistan) for most Ukrainian women to successfully adapt to life across the border. This is especially true for those who came to Poland, due to the minimal linguistic and cultural differences between the countries. The potential amount of irreversible migration losses, depending on the military and economic factors, ranges from 600–700 thousand to 5–5.5 million people. Considering the fact that approximately 3 million Ukrainians had already been staying (working) abroad before 2022, the war is likely to result in a demographic catastrophe for Ukraine, whose demographic potential has been utterly exhausted.
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Heffner, Krystian, and Brygida Solga. "Challenges to the state policy towards migration processes in Poland." Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej 8 (December 30, 2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2300-0562.08.06.
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In quantitative dimension, Poland is a significant émigré country in which the scale of external outflow has been maintained at the level of about 2 million people for many years. In the light of (Central Statistical Office) data in 2016, 2 million 515 thousand Poles were abroad temporarily for a period of more than 3 months.
 An important task of migration policy is therefore to minimise the negative effects of mass emigration and to maximise the benefits resulting from this process. At the same time, in the decade after 2010, the volume of foreigners coming to Poland increased significantly and it should be expected that, as the socio-economic attractiveness of the country has grown, this group would be increasing as well. According to the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy (Ministerstwo Rodziny, Pracy i Polityki Społecznej) data, 235 626 work permits were issued in 2017, including 192 547 to Ukrainian citizens (ca. 82%). To compare, in the same year, the district employment offices (Powiatowy Urząd Pracy) registered 1 824 464 declarations of intention to work to foreigners, including 1 714 891 towards the citizens of Ukraine (94%). The discussion on the nature of immigration policy is therefore unavoidable. The growing inflow of foreigners is gaining a special demographic, social and political significance in the context of unfavourable forecast of population changes in Poland. It also has an important regional dimension. From this perspective, foreigners will be needed on the Polish labour market to alleviate already existing and projected shortages of labour resources.
 An important challenge is to develop a strategy for the integration of social, economic and cultural foreigners into the Polish society. Consequently, the persistent mass emigration, growing immigration, unflagging migration potential and, more expected than real, the return of Poles from emigration are a great challenge for the Polish economy and society as well as for regions. This multidimensional nature of foreign migration in Poland makes the emergence of migration policy system, corresponding to internal and external conditions, a necessity.
 The postulate of the formulation of the foundations of a migration policy appeared in Poland at the beginning of the 1990s, but until now a coherent system of this policy has failed to develop as a complementary element of the socio-economic policy of the country.
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Jurić, Tado. "Predicting Refugee Flows from Ukraine with an Approach to Big (Crisis) Data: A New Opportunity for Refugee and Humanitarian Studies." Athens Journal of Τechnology & Engineering 9, no. 3 (2022): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajte.9-3-1.
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This study was created due to the need to predict the migration flows of refugees from Ukraine to the EU in the absence of official data. We present a descriptive analysis of Big Data sources, which are helpful in determining, as well as for estimating and forecasting refuge emigration flows from Ukraine and help crisis managers. The objective of this study was to test the usefulness of Big Data and Google Trends (GT) indexes to predict further forced migration from Ukraine to the EU (mainly to Germany). The primary methodological concept of our approach is to monitor the digital trace of Internet searches in Ukrainian, Russian and English with the GT analytical tool. The control mechanism for testing this sort of Big Data was performed by comparing those insights with the official databases from UNHCR and national governments, which were available two months later. All tested migration-related search queries (20) about emigration planning from Ukraine show a positive linear association between the Google index and data from official UNHCR statistics; R2 = 0.1211 for searches in Russian and R2 = 0.1831 for searches in Ukrainian. Increase in migration-related search activities in Ukraine, such as “граница” (Rus. border), кордону (Ukr. border); “Польща” (Poland); “Германия” (Rus. Germany), “Німеччина” (Ukr. Germany) and “Угорщина” and “Венгрия” (Hungary) correlate strongly with officially UNHCR data for externally displaced persons from Ukraine. The results show that one-fourth of all refugees will cross into Germany. According to Big Data insights, the estimated number of expected refugees until July 2022 is 5.9 Million refugees and mid-2023 Germany can expect 1.5 million Ukrainian refugees. Keywords: refugee, forecasting refugee flows, Ukraine, big data, Google trends, forced migration, UNHCR
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Sinkevych, Yevhen, and Оlha Morozova. "The problem of restitution of cultural heritage: interaction between Ukraine and Poland." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 15, no. 4 (2021): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2021.689.
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The problem of preservation and return of cultural valuables is one of the most delicate and difficult areas of international cooperation. The issue of restitution is relevant for many countries around the world, in particular for Ukraine, which for various reasons has lost a significant amount of its cultural heritage. The article touches upon the general aspects of the problem of restitution, highlights the features of this process in modern Ukraine, the possibility of using the experience of the Republic of Poland in the process of returning objects of Ukrainian cultural heritage. Preservation of the cultural heritage of political emigration, private collections of individuals and families stored in the archives and museums of other countries remains relevant for modern Ukraine. There is the urgent problem of introducing the legal term “restitution of cultural valuables” into the legal field of Ukraine and strengthening control over the movement, theft of cultural heritage objects, etc.
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Potulnytskyi, Volodymyr. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION OF THE INTERWAR PERIOD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: THEMATIC, METHODOLOGICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (December 17, 2020): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-98-107.
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The article reconstructs the contribution to historical science shaped by leading Ukrainian scholars and political thinkers during the period in question. Through applying Karl Mannheim’s vision of “real generations” of intellectuals, on the one hand, and his definitions of parameters of real contribution as well as role of specialisation in the framework of evaluation of this contribution, on the other hand, the author defines two generations of historians, successful in their scientific discourse. Having analysed a range of original works by Ukrainian emigrants of older generation (Hrushevskyi, Lypynskyi, Tomashivskyi, Doroshenko), as well as the representatives of the younger generation (Krupnyckyi, Kutshabskyi, Antonovych and Chyzevskyi), the author recreates the research heritage and vision of Ukrainian and European history in its internal dialectics that were formed by scholars in the interwar intellectual environment in Germany, Czechoslovakia and Austria. In addition to the identical conclusions of each author concerning the statements about the necessity and possibility to integrate the Ukrainian history into the global one, discussion of the Ukrainian question in isolation to the resolution of the Russian problem, and existence of common political language of both generations of intellectuals as emigrants in their host countries, the author formulates existing differences. The latter depends, first and foremost, on the different positions of scholars in foreign institutions: the older generation possessed the academic positions in the institutions created by emigrants; the younger – in state German, Czechoslovak or Austrian institutions. Second difference specified the specific character of intellectual concentration of the authors under discussion: speaking in terms of the understanding the experience of the failure of Ukrainian state in 1917-1920s, older scholars differed considerably from their younger colleagues, who predetermined the methodology and tasks of their research, corresponding to European countries. Third difference depends on the results of research: older researchers aimed to make contribution only to Ukrainian history; younger scholars conducted various retrospective journeys into the different aspects of medieval and new history of Germany, Poland, Austria and Czechoslovakia. All Ukrainian intellectuals, whose legacy is prioritized and studied in the article, were concentrated on the research of the phenomenon of Ukrainian history as historical and political reality. The divergence between two different generations of Ukrainian émigré scholars lied in different significance of their contribution into the Ukrainian historical science and absence of the contribution into the global science for older scholars, different arguments put forward by Ukrainian intellectuals to support their concepts, as well as in the surroundings and circumstances of their education and research work as scholars.
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Іван Олександрович Бордюг. "JERZY GIEDROYC AND THE UKRAINIAN QUESTION IN THE COLD WAR PERIOD." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11182.
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Despite efforts of the Soviet Union authorities to make Ukraine an integral part, historical circumstances and prominent personalities have influenced preservation of memory of its history and political ambitions. The end of the Second World War led to redistribution of spheres of influence between the two superpowers. Their relationships for a long period were characterized as the Cold War. In difficult conditions of ideological and political confrontation, several emigrant centers were formed; Paris was one of the most influential ones. Prolonged journalistic and socio-political activity of a brilliant intellectual Jerzy Giedroyc is associated with the French center of Polish emigrationThe article deals with the main components of Jerzy Giedroyc' activity as the editor of the journal "Culture". In fact, until the destruction of the Soviet Union, the journal remained the most authoritative in émigré and dissident circles. On its pages there was an intense literary, historical and political debate, and the representatives of the opposition forces of the Warsaw Pact were able to publish their work.The particular Giedroyc' merit is associated with a new formulation of the Ukrainian issue and the formation of the circle of supporters of its ideas. Due to his conception, the idea of Ukraine statehood received special support; it joined the efforts of Ukrainians and Poles to implement independence. The cooperation of the editor of "Culture" with the Ukrainian emigration was extremely productive, the term "Executed Renaissance ", as well as the idea of creating an anthology of works of representatives of this generation, belong to him.Jerzy Giedroyc together with accomplices developed the conception of the Central and Eastern Europe transformation to overcome totalitarianism, establish peace and democratic order. The pages of "Culture" published material substantiating the conceptions of the federation of the countries of the Inter-Sea (a federation of territories between the three seas - the Adriatic, Baltic and Black).Jerzy Giedroyc’s ideas were condemned in socialist Poland, and they were absolutely seditious in the Soviet Union. Despite ambiguous attitude towards the idea of the Ukrainian independence among the Polish figures, gradually, thanks to Jerzy Giedroyc activity, it found support in opposition circles of Poland.The evidence of efficiency of Giedroyc’s activity was «The Declaration on the Ukrainian Cause» signed by the representatives of the Polish, Russian, Czech and Hungarian emigration in 1977. The declaration later became the basis for the establishment of the national states in the CEE.