Academic literature on the topic 'Ukrainien (Langue) – Verbe'

The present paper is based on materials of different genres and different styles of Ukrai- nian written monuments of the 16th and the 17th centuries (acts, court documents, wills, deeds, documents of church and school fraternities, chronicles, works of religious, polemi- cal and fiction, memos of scientific and educational literature, liturgical literature, episto- lary heritage, etc.) which are included in the source database of the Dictionary of Ukrainian language of the 16th century and the first half of the 17th century and its unique lexical card index, which is stored at the Ukrainian Language Department in the I. Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Lviv). The composition and structural organization of Church Slavonic lexemes meaning ‘God; God’s face’ as well as their origin and history are studied.It was found that the register of this vocabulary included more than fifty phonetic and graphic Church Slavonic elements expressing the concept of ‘God; God’s face’ different in word-forming structure. The main attention is paid to the etymological analysis of the studied tokens, which was primarily to clarify their semantic etymon. It is established that the analyzed Church Slavonicisms are mostly semantic loans from the Greek language, which preserved their semantics from ancient times to the Old Ukrainian period.It is observed that some studied tokens often act as core components of various two-, three-, or four-membered lexicalized phrases. The most active multifunctional core com- ponent was the token Lord. It is established that fixed phrases and phraseologisms are of different types in structure, mostly two-component noun + adjective phrases (sporadically, there are other lexical-grammatical models, too: “noun + noun”, “preposition + adjective”). Much less observable are three-component formations (“noun + verb + pronoun“, “verb + pronoun + noun“) and four-component models (“verb + preposition + pronoun + noun”).It was found that the Church Slavonic words attested in the Ukrainian memos of the 16th and the 17th centuries did not undergo significant semantic changes in the process of formation of religious vocabulary. Some Church Slavonicisms have gone through a partial semantic modification, and some have acquired new semantics due to fixed phrases. Some words that point to God’s face are characterized by polysemy and synonymy.The evolution of the analyzed Church Slavonicisms is different. Some of them have survived to our time and are actively used in the Ukrainian literary language or dialects, while others function only in a special area: in the church practice of the Byzantine rite (Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church).

The purpose of the article is: to show psycholinguistic peculiarities of understanding by Ukrainian students the principles of nomination of linguocultural models “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages.
 The methods of the research are: theoretical ones – categorical and structurally-functional analysis of the texts, the methods of systematization, modeling, generalization; empirical methods – the analysis of lexical units, the experiment. For the purpose of studying the motivation of linguocultural units we used “The methods of studying of motivation by linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages” (Mykhalchuk & Ivashkevych, 2020).
 The results of the research. For the understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the Ukrainian language the laws of organization of usualized (a priori) and actual (a posteriori) communicative meanings, their interaction, movement, etc. are quite important. For understanding linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English language it is sufficient superficial perception of lexical units that denote the nominations of clothing, understanding the features of their motivation, in particular, verbs, nouns and adjectives, as well as mastering the form of presentation of this or that lexical unit.
 Conclusions. As a result of the research psycholinguistic features of students’ understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages were established. Productivity of students’ understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the Ukrainian language is determined by (a) the deep meaning of lexical units; (b) semantics and spatio-temporal meanings of linguocultural units; (c) syntactics of lexical units; (d) verb and noun basis of clothing nomination; (e) various connections between explicit concepts (metaphorical and metonymic transference); (f) assertive content of the nominative unit denoting “clothing”; (g) understanding of inferences, implications, intentions of the expressionж (h) explication of usualized (a priori) communicative meanings.

UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION WORKSHOP IN PRIASHIV
 Ukrajinský jazyk a kultúra v umeleckom a odbornom preklade v stredoeurópskom priestore : Zbornik príspevkov z medzinárodného vedeckého seminára, ktorý sa konal dňa 27.9.2017 na Katedre ukrajinistiky Inštitutu ukrajinistiky a stredoeurópskych štúdií Filozofickej fakulty Prešovskej univerzity / Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove ; ed.: Jarmila Kredátusová. Prešov: Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove, 2018. 216 p. (Opera Translatologica; 6/2018).
 
 Ukrainian modern academic traditions in the Western Transcarpathian area of Priashiv (Presov in Slovak) go back to the 19-century intellectual institutions of the Ukrainian Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite. After WW2, the main centre of Ukrainian education was the Pegagogical College which was later transformed into a separate university. This university helps the local Ukrainians maintain and develop their rich traditions of learning and research. It is no surprise that the very university hosted the International academic workshop “The Ukrainian Language and Culture in the Literary and Sci-Tech Translation of Middle European Space” (27 September 2017). The workshop brought together specialists in Ukrainian Studies from Ukraine, Slovakia, Czechia and Poland. One year later the conference volume was finalized and published.
 The first part of the book contains the historical and bibliographical essays which record the history of Ukrainian-Slovak and Ukrainian-Czech literary translation. Jarmila Kredátusová’s task was to present the outline of Slovak-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-Slovak translation which started progressing rather dynamically only after WW2. She presents its history divided into decades and discusses specific features and some statistical data from each period. In the end, she also describes today’s hardships of this translation in Slovakia (relations with readership, translation criticism, professional qualification) which are similar to ones in Ukraine. The history of Ukrainian-Czech translation is longer and richer. The existing extended papers cover the pre-1989 time rather well, that is why Rita Lyons Kindlerová and Iryna Zabiyaka dedicated their articles to the editions and tendencies of the recent decades. Rita Lyons Kindlerová offers the analysis of translated literature from Ukrainian into Czech and pinpoints the turning moment of the year 2001 when Ukrainian literature started reentering Czech society and have promising prospects among readers. Conversely, Iryna Zabiyaka studies the literary presentation of Czechia in Ukraine and considers the most important translations and main tendencies. She also designs a list of Czech authors whose writings are worth translating into Ukrainian. At the same time, she characterizes the pitfalls of Ukraine’s translation market from the viewpoint of these translations. Since we lack translation bibliographies and insightful translation monographs, the above articles contribute to a larger possible publication in future which will reveal more sociological dimensions of Ukrainian-Slovak and Ukrainian-Czech translation.
 Papers in the second part focus on literary translation. Liudmyla Siryk outlined similarities in the translation theories of Mykola Zerov and Maksym Rylskyi. Thus, she has proven that Rylskyi’s views were the further progress of Zerov’s ones, and we have to remember it may be a gesture of respect or substitution: Zerov was murdered in 1937, and Rylskyi fulfilled his duty to preserve and develop the fundamental ideas of his friend and colleague. Anna Choma-Suwała explored the facets of literary interpretations and connections between Oleh Olzhych (Kandyba) and Józef Łobodowski. Łobodowski’s translations did not only discover the intellectual poetry by Oleh Olzhych, but they are also a contribution to the Polish-Ukrainian cultural contacts and cooperation. Yuliya Yusyp-Yakymovych addresses to verse translation by investigating the specific features of rendering intonation, rhythm, meter, repetitions, onomatopoeia and aesthetic norms in translation. Adriana Amir’s contribution deals with the Slovak-language translation of Vasyl Shkliar’s historical novel ‘The Black Raven’ (done by Vladimír Čerevka) and tackles the issues of reflecting lexical means for showing the real historical context which border on the shaky axiological limits of political correctness. The main aesthetic form of contemporary writing is the usage of non-standard language which is abundant in modern Ukrainian literature. That is why Veronika Dadajová regarded incorrect figures of the literary sociolect as a topical point of literary translation nowadays. Meanwhile, Viera Žemberová interprets Yuriy Andrukhovych’s literary and aesthetic experience for Slovak readers by analyzing his novel ‘Recreations’ whose Slovak translation was published in Priashiv in 2003.
 Sci-tech translation is focused on in the third part containing articles on rendering terms and grammatical problems of interlingual translation. The paper by Mária Čižmárová will serve as a practical tool for Ukrainian-Slovak translators and interpreters who will have to render idioms with the floristic component. Similarly practical are the contributions covering two branches of Ukrainian-Slovak specialized translation: commercial translation (by Lesia Budnikova and Valeriya Chernak) and legal translation (by Jarmila Kredátusová and Valeriya Chernak). The study of loan words is the topic of the paper by Jana Kesselová which offers the complex view of loan processes in today’s Slovak. However, it would be desirable to discuss Ukrainian sources as well. It is rather a rare case when one volume consists of papers discussing both literary translation and sci-tech translation, but in the presented book, this amalgamation is quite natural and shows the multifacetedness of Ukrainian translation in Slovakia.
 The informational contents of all the papers are rather high, and they will be useful for practical research by scholars, translators and critics. The good balance of early ‘classical’ and recent publications creates a complete picture both of the coverage of the topic in the chronological dynamics and the presentation of the academic traditions of institutions where the papers were produced.
 This conference volume is an important contribution to Ukrainian Translation Studies in the area of Priashiv which has been shaped and developed by the publications in the literary magazine ‘Dukla’ (published since 1953), the proceedings of the Cultural Union of Ukrainian Workers (‘Naukovi zapysky KSUT’ in the 1980s to the early 1990s) and other editions of the Ukrainian Division of the Slovak Pedagogical Publishing House. The book will be useful for really wide readership in academic, literary and professional communities.

The article analyzes the semantics and origins of the words olbrim and obdenkovatʹ. In the Russian language of the age of Peter the Great, the noun olbrim (cf. Belorussian olbrim, obrim; Ukrainian olbrym < Polish olbrzym, obrzym < Greek ὄβρῐμος) was used in the meaning of ‘giant’ and the verb obdenkovatʹ (German abdanken; cf. Polish abdankować) in meaning of ‘to resign.’ The second part of the article analyzes the sense of three contexts in which incorrect interpretation caused several inaccuracies in The Dictionary of the 18th-century Russian Language related to variants of the word olbrim, the semantics of the verb gomonitʹ, and the date of the initial appearance of the borrowed word distrakcija.

It is argued in this article that there is a functional category Tr (= transitivity) located between v/Pr and V, which is universally present in all transitive sentences, regardless of whether they are active, passive, middle, or impersonal in form. Tr may contain a probe with (object) φ-features and assign accusative Case. In contrast to v/Pr, Tr does not assign a θ-role in its specifier position. Hence, the functions of the traditional light verb category “v” are split between v/Pr and Tr. Empirical evidence from English, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Icelandic, Ukrainian, and German supports this claim.

The article analyzes the results of the free associative experiment, which was conducted among first-year students during 2016-2018. According to the frequency of reactions, the authors model the structure of the associative field: nucleus, body and periphery; define the morphological and semantic groups of associations on the word-stimulus ‘Europe’ obtained during the experiment, analyze the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships among the reactions, build the structure of the resulting associative field. The responses of respondents are significantly dominated by nouns; occasionally occur adjectives, verbs, adverbs and pronouns; adjectives and adverbs are mostly colored with emotions and estimations. Phrases make a significant group of associations phrases (about one fifth). Among the above mentioned things, toponyms and surnames of well-known political figures are named. Semantically, all associations are divided in general cultural, economic and political, such ones that express aesthetic perception of the word-stimulus, as well as those related to travel and leisure. Special attention in the article is given to emotional coloring of reactions (they are divided in positive, negative and neutral). Thus, the material presented in the work reflects, to a certain extent, the perception of the word-stimulus 'Europe' by contemporary student youth.
 References
 
 Горошко Е. Интегративная модель свободного ассоциативного эксперимента. Харьков: Изд. группа “РА – Каравелла”, 2001.
 Postolova, I., Tomarieva, N. (2017). Emotional Aspects of Psycholinguistic Experiment with “Europe” as a word-stimulus. Third International Conference Challenges of Psycho­linguistics and Psychology of Language and Speech COPAPOLS 2017. Book of Abstracts (77-78). Lutsk: Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University.
 Жаботинская С. Язык как оружие в войне мировоззрений. МАЙДАН- АНТИМАЙДАН: словарь-тезаурус лексических инноваций. Украина, декабрь 2013 – декабрь 2014. Retrieved from: http://uaclip.at.ua/zhabotinskaja-jazyk_kak_oruzhie.pdf
 
 References (translated and transliterated)
 
 Goroshko, E. Integrativnaya model svobodnogo assotsiativnogo eksperimenta [Integrational model of free associative experiment]. Kharkiv: RA–Karavella, 2001.
 Postolova, I., Tomarieva, N. (2017). Emotional Aspects of Psycholinguistic Experiment with “Europe” as a word-stimulus. Third International Conference Challenges of Psycho­linguistics and Psychology of Language and Speech COPAPOLS 2017. Book of Abstracts (77-78). Lutsk: Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University.
 Zhabotinskaya, S. Yazyk kak Oruzhiye v Voyne Mirovozzreniy. MAIDAN-ANTIMAIDAN: Slovar-Tezaurus Leksicheskikh Innovatsiy. Ukraina, dekabr 2013 – dekabr 2014 [Language as a Weapon in the War of Worldviews. MAIDAN- ANTIMAIDAN: Dictionary-Thesaurus of Lexical Innovations. Ukraine, December 2013 – December 2014] Retrieved from: http://uaclip.at.ua/zhabotinskaja-jazyk_kak_oruzhie.pdf
 
 Джерела
 
 Асоціативний експеримент. Короткий психологічний словник / за ред. В. Войтко. Київ: Вища школа, 1978.
 Бутенко Н. Словник асоціативних норм української мови. Львів: Вища школа, 1979.
 Бутенко Н. Словник асоціативних означень іменників в українській мові. Львів: Вища школа, 1989.
 Мартінек С. Український асоціативний словник: У 2 т. 2-ге вид. Львів: Паїс, 2008.
 Славянский ассоциативный словарь: русский, белорусский, болгарский, украинский / под ред. Н. Уфимцевой. М., 2004.
 Словарь ассоциативных норм русского языка. Прямой / под ред. А. Леонтьева. M., 1973.
 Черкасова Г. Русский сопоставительный ассоциативный словарь. М.: ИЯ РАН, 2008.
 
 Sources
 
 Asotsiativniy eksperiment [Associative experiment]. (1978). Korotkiy Psykhologichnyi Slovnyk [Short Psychological Dictionary]. V. Voytko, Ed. Kyiv: Vyscha Shkola.
 Butenko, N. (1979). Slovnik Asotsiativnykh Norm Ukrayinskoyi Movy [Associative Dictionary of the Ukrainian language]. Lviv: Vyscha Shkola.
 Butenko, N. (1989). Slovnyk Asotsiativnykh Oznachen Imennykiv v Ukrayinskiy Movi [Dictionary of Associative Noun Attributes in the Ukrainian Language]. Lviv: Vischa shkola, 1989.
 Martinek, S. Ukrayinskyi Asotsiativnyi Slovnyk [Ukrainian Associative Dictionary]: in 2 Volumes. 2nd edition. Lviv: Payis, 2008.
 Slavyanskiy assotsiativnyiy slovar: russkiy, belorusskiy, bolgarskiy, ukrainskiy [Slavonic Associative Dictionary: Russian, Belorussian, Bulgarian and Ukrainian languages]. (2004). N. Ufi­m­tseva, Ed. Moscow.
 Slovar assotsiativnyih norm russkogo yazyika. Pryamoy [Associative guide of Russian language. Direct] (1973). A. Leontyev, Ed. Moscow.
 Cherkasova, G. (2008). Russkiy Sopostavitelnyi Assotsiativnyi Slovar [Russian comparative associative dictionary]. Moscow: Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The article proves the hypothesis of the origin of the Russian colloquial word mazurik as deriving from the name of the Polish ethnographic group mazury ‘Mazurs’—inhabitants of Mazovia (in central and south-eastern Poland) as well as immigrants from this area to other places, mainly in the north-east. This hypothesis had previously been stated in the literature, but it had not been demonstrated rigorously. The authors show that the word mazurik is included in the big semantic word family that is derived from mazur, by studies focused on nationwide usage and through dialects. Using data from the lexical system and from folklore, the linguistic portrait of the Mazurs in the Russian tradition is reconstructed, and it is compared with linguistic stereotypes of the Mazurs in the source language (Polish) and the languages of peoples in close contact with the Mazurs (Ukrainian and Belarusian). The main features of these portraits are the same in these languages, and they create a negative image of the Mazur in the Slavic tradition, making the “Polish” etymological version semantically legitimate. In addition, the authors prove this hypothesis from the point of view of word formation, linguogeography, and sociolinguistic characteristics of the words under consideration. It is noted that the derivatives of the word family derived from mazur are attracted to the lexemes which have similar form and meaning but different origin, in particular, to derivatives of the verb mazatʹ and the words murza and zamurzannyi. The article contains an overview with commentary of hypotheses about the origin of the Russian mazurik existing in Slavic etymological literature.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en linguistique offert à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université Laval pour l’obtention du grade de Maître ès arts (M.A.)"<br>Ce travail amène à l’attention des chercheurs de nouveaux cas de verbes défectifs du msse qui mettent en doute les explications lexicales de ce phénomène proposées par certains chercheurs (Daland et al. 2007, Baerman 2007. 2008). En msse, le phénomène consiste en l’absence de forme de la l re personne du singulier au non-passé. Notre émde des néologismes informatiques, appanis en msse et en ukrainien dans le langage des utilisateurs d’ordinateurs dans les années 80-90, indique que la défectivité est productive en russe, et qu’il faut donc chercher des raisons grammaticales synchroniques de cette défectivité. La défectivité pose un problème particulier pour les théories morphologiques (Albright 2003. Baronian 2009), mais les analyses particulières se divisent en deux camps. Le premier ne voit comme pertinent aucun des facteurs pouvant jouer un rôle synchronique, tels que l'évitement de l’homophonie, la compétition entre deux modèles morphologiques ou des raisons sémantiques (Daland et al. 2007, Baerman 2008). Dans le cas du msse, connue tous les verbes attestés comme étant défectifs dans la langue standard appartiennent à la 2e conjugaison et comme ils sont associés à un changement phonologique ancien, c’est-à dire que leurs radicaux se tenninent par une consonne coronale qui subit la palatalisation dans la fonne en question, il semble, pour ces chercheurs, qu’il faille chercher la motivation de ce phénomène uniquement dans l’histoire de la langue et qu’il s ’agit donc d ’im vestige lexicalisé. Cependant, dans les langues autres que le russe, un deuxième camp de chercheurs a trouvé avec succès des conditions synchroniques expliquant certains aspects de la défectivité (e.g. Baronian 2005, 2009 pour le français, Albright 2003 pour l’espagnol). La présente émde explore les verbes néologiques en msse et en ukrainien (les deux langues étant parentes) afm de trouver un éclairage nouveau au problème des verbes défectifs russes. Le corpus est constitué de verbes néologiques “ informatiques” eu msse et en ukrainien. Un test de production visant à catégoriser ces verbes panni les verbes traditionnellement défectifs. les rares et les fréquents fut proposé à 44 participants (23 locuteurs natifs du msse et 21 locuteurs uatifs de l’ukrainien). Les résultats nous pennettent de conclure à la productivité de la défectivité en russe dont la principale caractéristique semble être une forte compétition entre les deux choix qu’offre une alternance morphophonologique. Cependant, à titre comparatif, les résultats de notre analyse indiquent que la défectivité des verbes en ukrainien est un phénomène très limité. Nous discutons également des facteurs synchroniques pouvant motiver cette défectivité, dont la fragmentation des paradigmes nous semble la plus plausible.