Journal articles: 'ULC'

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Hong Lin, Jia, Chris H. Chang, and Roberts W. Eugene. "Vertical incision subperiosteal tunnel access and three-dimensional OBS lever arm to recover a labially-impacted canine: Differential biomechanics to control root resorption." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 9 (March 31, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/apos-9-1-3.

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A 15-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of unesthetic smile and protrusive lips. Lower facial height and convexity were within normal limits, but the lower lip was protrusive (3mm to the E-Line). Bimaxillary retrusion (SNA 79.5˚, SNB 76˚, and ANB 3.5˚) and a high mandibular angle (SN-MP 38˚) were noted. Lower incisors were prominent (L1 to MP 96˚ and L1 to NB 8 mm). Molars were Class I, but the upper right canine (UR3) was Class II. The upper left deciduous canine (ULc) was retained, and the UL3 was labially impacted. An oblique direction of canine eruption wedged the impaction between the keratinized mucosa and the adjacent incisor, eliciting root resorption on the labial surface of the UL2. The discrepancy index (DI) was 16. Following extraction of all four first premolars and the ULc, all teeth except the UL2 were bonded with a Damon Q® passive self-ligating bracket system. Vertical incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) technique was performed to produce a submucosal space for retraction and extrusion of the impacted UR3. A button was bonded on the UL3, and a power chain was attached. The elastomer chain exited the mucosa through a more distal incision, and traction was applied with a custom lever arm, anchored by an OBS® inserted into the left infrazygomatic crest. The impaction was retracted into a normal position between the UL2 and UL4. Once the UL3 was extruded to the occlusal plane, the UL2 was bonded and its axial inclination was corrected with a labial root torquing auxiliary. Both arches were detailed and finished. After 24 months of active treatment, the UL3 was well aligned, but the labial gingiva supporting it was immature and only partially keratinized. Follow-up visit 1.5 years later showed its maturation into a stable but relatively thin band of gingiva. In retrospect, this UL3 gingival problem may have been avoided by adjusting the three-dimensional (3D) lever arm for a more palatal emersion of the impaction. There was no change in the preexisting labial root resorption of the UL2, but no additional root resorption on any teeth occurred during active treatment. Final alignment and dental esthetics were excellent as evidenced by an American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation score of 12, and the IBOI Pink and White Esthetic Score of 2. VISTA with an OBS 3D lever arm is an important advance for orthodontic impaction recovery. Submucosal retraction of a labially- impacted, partially transposed maxillary canine permits optimal emergence into the arch. Differential biomechanics of soft and hard tissue explains impaction-related root loss before treatment, as well as the mechanism for protecting an unrestrained lateral incisor while the impacted canine is recovered.

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Eggermont, A. M., S. Suciu, A. Testori, P. Patel, and A. Spatz. "Ulceration of primary melanoma and responsiveness to adjuvant interferon therapy: Analysis of the adjuvant trials EORTC18952 and EORTC18991 in 2,644 patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 9007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9007.

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9007 Background: Ulcerated (Ulc) melanomas have a worse prognosis than non-ulcerated (N-Ulc) melanomas. Ulc and N-Ulc primaries have different stromal characteristics and gene profiles reflecting differences in biology. We analyzed outcome after adjuvant interferon (IFN) therapy in the 2 largest phase III trials (EORTC18952 and 18991) ever conducted in stage IIB-III melanoma patients (pts). Methods: EORTC18952 compared IFNα-2b (10 MIU, sc, qd, 5 days/wk, for 4 wks) followed by either 10MIU,sc, tiw for 12 mts, or 5MIU for 24 mts) with observation in 1,388 stage IIB-III pts (Lancet 2005;366). EORTC18991 evaluated pegylated IFNα-2b (6 μg/Kg, 1×/wk, for 8 wks followed by 3μg/Kg, 1×/wk for up to 5 yrs) versus observation in 1,256 stage III pts (Lancet 2008;372). Using meta-analytical methods, predictive value for Ulc on the value of IFN on relapse-free survival (RFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) was assessed, overall, and according to stage (IIB, III-N1 or N2=microscopic or macroscopic-nodal disease). Results: Overall, the comparison (PEG-)IFNα-2b versus observation regarding RFS, DMFS, and OS led to a reduction in the hazard ratio (HR) of -16% (SE=5%), -13%(5%), and -8%(5%). Among 2,644 pts randomized, 849 had Ulc primaries, 1,336 N-Ulc primaries, and 459 Ulc unknown. In Ulc group the impact was much greater than in N-Ulc group for RFS (Test For Interaction: p=0.02), DMFS (p<0.001), and OS (p<0.001). The greatest reductions occurred in pts with Ulc and stages IIB/III-N1 In N-Ulc pts reduction was absent. Consistency in the treatment impact was seen in both trials. Conclusions: The post hoc analyses of EORTC1892 and EORTC18991 indicate strongly that pts with an Ulc primary are far more sensitive to IFN than pts with N-Ulc primaries. This hypothesis will now be tested in the EORTC18081 trial, which compares PEG-IFNα-2b versus observation in pts with Ulc primaries ≥ 1mm. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

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Li, Hong, Yi-Dan Li, Wei-Wei Zhu, Ling-Yun Kong, Xiao-Guang Ye, Qi-Zhe Cai, Lan-Lan Sun, and Xiu-Zhang Lu. "A Simplified Ultrasound Comet Tail Grading Scoring to Assess Pulmonary Congestion in Patients with Heart Failure." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8474839.

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Ultrasound lung comets (ULCs) are a nonionizing bedside approach to assess extravascular lung water. We evaluated a protocol for grading ULC score to estimate pulmonary congestion in heart failure patients and investigated clinical and echocardiographic correlates of the ULC score. Ninety-three patients with congestive heart failure, admitted to the emergency department, underwent pulmonary ultrasound and echocardiography. A ULC score was obtained by summing the ULC scores of 7 zones of anterolateral chest scans. The results of ULC score were compared with echocardiographic results, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, radiologic score, and N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Positive linear correlations were found between the 7-zone ULC score and the following: E/e′, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, severity of mitral regurgitation, left ventricular global longitudinal strain, NYHA functional classification, radiologic score, and NT-proBNP. However, there was no significant correlation between ULC score and left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricle diameter, left ventricular volume, or left atrial volume. A multivariate analysis identified the E/e′, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, and radiologic score as the only independent variables associated with ULC score increase. The simplified 7-zone ULC score is a rapid and noninvasive method to assess lung congestion. Diastolic rather than systolic performance may be the most important determinant of the degree of lung congestion in patients with heart failure.

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Verbeken, Kim, and Leo Kestens. "Orientation Selection in ULC Steel during Thermally Activated Phenomena Induced by Cold Deformation." Materials Science Forum 550 (July 2007): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.550.491.

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The scope of this work was to study the physical metallurgical behaviour of the microstructure and the texture of ultra low carbon (ULC) steel during cold rolling and subsequent thermally activated phenomena. It was the intention to contribute to the scientific search for the answer to many open questions raised in recent literature. The powerful tool of quantitative texture analysis, together with modern measurement equipment was used for this purpose. At first, a ULC steel was cold rolled to two different rolling reductions and the local strain heterogeneities after the cold rolling were studied. Secondly, crystallographic orientation selection during primary recrystallization was considered both for cold rolled ULC steel and for a Fe-2.8%Si single crystal. The latter was a re-evaluation of the historic growth selection experiment by Ibe and Lücke. Finally, secondary recrystallization in ULC steels was evaluated in terms of oriented nucleation and selective growth.

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Nguyen, Cao-Son, Hoang Le, and Anh-Hoa Bui. "Microstructural Characterization of ULC Steel." Advances in Materials Science 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2020-0004.

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AbstractIn the present study, microstructure of the ULC steel was investigated by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The pure ferrite phase consisting of various crystalline orientations, e.g. (110) and (200) etc., existed in the ULC steel. Ultra-fine grains of ferrite were observed in the ND-TD cross-section (⊥ RD), meanwhile, typical lamina were seen in the ND-RD cross-section (// RD) of the steel sheet. Grain size of the annealed steel was observed to be coarser and equiaxed in all direction. According the EBSD results, intensities of the beneficial texture {111}<001> increased in the annealed steel, but weakened in the cross-section that was parallel to rolling direction. Ratio of low-angle grain boundaries (1°< LAGBs < 15°) in the annealed steel was estimated as the higher value (93.1 %) than that in the cold-rolled steel (69.1 %).

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Liu, Zaiwang, Yonglin Kang, and Yiding Li. "Influence of continuous annealing soaking temperature on fish-scaling resistance of ultra-low carbon steel for porcelain enameling." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 2 (2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018058.

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The relationship between fish-scaling resistance of ultra-low carbon (ULC) enamel steel and continuous annealing soaking temperature was rarely studied before. In this paper, the influence of continuous annealing soaking temperature on microstructure, precipitation behavior and fish-scaling resistance of ULC steel for porcelain enameling was investigated. The results obtained were as follows: for ULC enamel steel, with the continuous annealing soaking temperature increasing from 750 °C to 840 °C, the mean diameter of second phase particle increased from 41 nm to 52 nm, the corresponding volume fraction decreased from 5.8 × 10−3 m3/m3 to 2.9 × 10−3 m3/m3, and the ferrite grain size grew from 13.4 µm up to 17.3 µm, the hydrogen permeation value (TH value) decreased from 32 min/mm2 to 12 min/mm2. The grain boundary and precipitates are main hydrogen traps, as the ferrite grain size increased and the volume fraction of second phase particles decreased, the fish-scaling resistance of ULC enamel steel decreased.

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Le, Hoang, Cao-Son Nguyen, and Anh-Hoa Bui. "EXPERIMENTAL PROCESSING OF ULTRA-LOW CARBON STEEL USING VACUUM TREATMENT." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 24, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v24i1.1070.

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This paper presents experimental process of ultra-low carbon (ULC) steel using vacuum heat treatment. After adjusting the chemical compositions as desired, the ULC steel was casted into plate, hot-forged and cold-rolled to sheet of 1 mm thickness, finally annealed at 800<sup>o</sup>C. Microstructure, crystalline phase, non-metallic inclusions and mechanical properties of the ULC steels were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and tensile test. Under argon vacuum atmosphere, decarburization occurred and C contents of the treated steels were reduced to 36 and 40 ppm corresponding to the decarburizing rate of 84.2 and 82.4%, respectively. The vacuum induction melting is thought to accelerate the rate of carbon removal from liquid steel. Electromagnetic force was attributed to promote the decarburization due to increasing the mass transfer coefficient during vacuum treatment. The annealed steels obtained a good combination of the strength and ductility; the total elongations were 45.2 and 42.9 %, while the yield strengths were 199 and 285 MPa, respectively. The results indicated that the ULC steels have only ferrite phase, of which grains size were 30 µm in average. The relative volume of non-metallic inclusions in the ULC steels was calculated as 0.23 vol. %, resulting positive contribution in the mechanical properties.

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Han, Fu Tao, Zuo Cheng Wang, Cai Nian Jing, and Wen Ping Zhang. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Ferritic-Rolled Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) and Ti-Stabilized Interstitial-Free (Ti-IF) Steels." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1657.

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In this paper, effects of ferritic rolling process on microstructures and mechanical properties especially drawability of ultra-low carbon (ULC) and Ti-stabilized interstitial-free (Ti-IF) steels were investigated and the precipitates of ferritic-rolled Ti-IF steels were also analyzed. The results show that good deep drawability are achieved as IF steels are ferritic rolled in good lubricant condition; on the contrary, lubricant condition has less influence on the deep drawability of ULC steels. And with the decrease of rolling temperature in ferrite region, deep drawability of Ti-IF steels are improved, but for ULC steels, when ferritic rolled at low temperature, the r-value is still less than one, which means insignificant deep drawability.

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Nardy Paiva, Virgínia, Lucas de Souza Soares, Rodrigo Stephani, Álvaro Augusto Pereira Silva, Antônio Fernandes de Carvalho, Isis Rodrigues Toledo Renhe, and Ítalo Tuler Perrone. "Physical properties of UHT light cream: impact of the high-pressure homogenization and addition of hydrocolloids." Journal of Dairy Research 88, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029921000558.

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AbstractThe beneficial effects of a healthy diet on the quality of life have prompted the food industry to develop low-fat variants, but fat content directly affects the physicochemical and sensory properties of food products. The utilization of high-pressure homogenization (HP) and incorporation of hydrocolloids have been suggested as strategies to improve the physical stability and rheological properties of light cream. Thus, this study aims to analyze the associated effect of high-pressure homogenization (80 MPa) and three different hydrocolloids: microcrystalline cellulose, locust bean gum and xanthan gum, on emulsion stability and rheological properties of ultra-high-temperature (UHT) light cream (ULC) with a 15% w/w fat content. The stability of ULC was determined by the ζ potential of oil droplets and emulsion stability percentage. Rheological characterization was based on flow behavior tests and dynamic oscillatory measurements, which were carried out in a rheometer. Results showed that the high-pressure homogenization process did not influence the emulsion stability of the treatments. Moreover, the hydrocolloids added to systems present weak interactions with milk proteins since all ULC showed macroscopical phase separation. The samples presented the same rheological behavior and were classified as pseudoplastic fluids (n < 1). ULC treated at 80 MPa was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more consistent than the treatments at 20 MPa. All ULC showed a predominant elastic behavior (G′ > G″), and a remarkable increase in both G′ and G″ at 80 MPa. The results presented in this study highlight the potential of HP for altering some rheological characteristics of UHT light cream, for example, to increase its consistency. These results are important for the dairy industry and ingredient suppliers, in the standardization of UHT light cream and/or to develop low-fat products.

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Pitetti, Ken, Ruth Ann Miller, and Michael Loovis. "Balance and Coordination Capacities of Male Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disability." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 34, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2016-0010.

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Children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) exhibit a mixture of cognitive, motor, and psychosocial limitation. Identifying specific inadequacies in motor proficiency in youth with ID would improve therapeutic management to enhance functional capacity and health-related physical activity. The purpose of this study was to initiate descriptive data collection of gross motor skills of youth with ID and compare those skills with competency norms. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) was used to measure 6 items for balance (BAL), 5 items for upper limb coordination (ULC), and 6 items for bilateral coordination (BLC) of 123 males (ages 8–18) with ID but without Down syndrome. The authors performed 2,840 assessments (10–32 for each item); 944, 985, and 913 for BAL, ULC, and BLC, respectively. Mean scores for all age groups for BAL, ULC, and BLC were consistently below BOT-2 criteria. Overall motor skills of males with ID are below the competence expected for children and adolescents without disabilities.

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Al Shalfan, W. A., John G. Speer, and David K. Matlock. "Parameters Influencing the Bake Hardenability of Microalloyed ULC Steels." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.779.

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Ti-V and Ti-Nb bake hardenable Ultra Low Carbon (ULC) steels are used to produce hot dip zinc coated steels for automotive applications. An important factor influencing the bake hardenability in such microalloyed ULC steels is the level of solute carbon available to diffuse for pinning dislocations during baking. The level of solute carbon must be controlled carefully during annealing of the steel in the ferritic region. Therefore, this paper summarizes highlights of research conducted to study the effects of chemical composition and annealing temperature (in the ferrite region) on the precipitation (or dissolution) of NbC and VC using a variety of Ti-Nb and Ti-V ULC steels. Carbon diffusivity is another factor that could also influence the bake hardenability through controlling the aging and baking kinetics. Therefore, the paper presents highlights of internal friction measurements performed to assess effects of microalloying elements (Nb,V) and some commonly used solid solution strengthening elements (Mn, P) on carbon diffusivity measured using the internal friction technique.

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Sibghatullah, Amena. "The Unification of Product Life-cycle and Industry Life-cycle: A Framework for Telecom Sector in Pakistan." IBT Journal of Business Studies 15, no. 1 (2019): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2019.15.01.02.

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The purpose of this study is to propose a strategic framework using the Unified Life Cycle (ULC)model by combining Product lifecycle (PLC) and Industry life cycle (ILC). Data collection and analysis involves multi-stage qualitative methods. At first stage qualitative data was collected through interviews and focus groups while at a later part of the research qualitative data was again collected from the marketing experts (N = 100). This paper shows originality on many counts. Firstly, both PLC and ILC have shown weaknesses and limitations in earlier researches. This research has unified both PLC and ILC into one ULC combining the strengths and reducing the weakness of both life cycles. Secondly, earlier studies failed to provide any integrated strategic framework of selecting appropriate pricing strategies; using both PLC and ILC in silos. The current research provides an integrated strategic framework for pricing strategy selection using newly proposed strategic framework labelled as ULC.

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Ahn, Jin-Young, Hyeongsu Kim, and Chan-Bum Park. "Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Upper Extremity Function and Grip Strength in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Randomised Single-Blind Controlled Trial." Occupational Therapy International 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5820952.

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Background. Whole-body vibration has been used to improve motor function in chronic stroke patients, but its effect on patients with subacute strokes remains unclear. Objectives. We explored the effect of whole-body vibration on patients with subacute strokes. Methods. Participants were randomly allocated to a whole-body vibration (WBV) group (n=30) or an upper- and lower-cycle (ULC) group (n=30). Both groups received occupational therapy after these interventions. All participants received treatment for 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Both groups received the same conventional physical therapy. Results. The manual function test (MFT) score and grip strength improved after both WBV (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) and ULC (p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively), but the improvement was more pronounced (MFT p=0.016; GS p=0.023) after WBV. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the use of WBV and ULC was effective as remedial treatments for improving upper extremity motor function and increasing grip strength for patients with subacute strokes. The improvement was more pronounced for the WBV treatment. This trial is registered with KCT0003246.

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Dong, Jiling, Yinsheng He, Chan-Gyu Lee, Byungho Lee, Jeongbong Yoon, and Keesam Shin. "Detection and Determination of Solute Carbon in Grain Interior to Correlate with the Overall Carbon Content and Grain Size in Ultra-Low-Carbon Steel." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S5 (August 2013): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761301235x.

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AbstractIn this study, every effort was exerted to determine and accumulate data to correlate microstructural and compositional elements in ultra-low-carbon (ULC) steels to variation of carbon content (12–44 ppm), manganese (0.18–0.36%), and sulfur (0.0066–0.001%). Quantitative analysis of the ULC steel using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and three-dimensional atom probe revealed the decrease of grain size and dislocation density with the increase of carbon contents and/or increase of the final delivery temperature. For a given carbon content, the grain interior carbon concentration increases as the grain size increases.

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Marek, Edmund A., Steven J. Maier, and Florence McCann. "Assessing Understanding of the Learning Cycle: The ULC." Journal of Science Teacher Education 19, no. 4 (July 23, 2008): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10972-008-9100-0.

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Sachais, Bruce S., Ann H. Rux, Jillian L. Hinds, and John J. Rux. "Rational Design and Characterization of Platelet Factor 4 Antagonists." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.724.724.

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Abstract Abstract 724 Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITT) is a serious complication of heparin therapy, placing patients at increased risk for thrombosis and death. The chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) is central to the pathogenesis of HITT. Tetrameric PF4 forms ultralarge complexes (ULC) with heparin, which, when bound to specific antibodies, lead to thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. We have previously shown that the tetrameric form of PF4 is required for ULC formation. Since a large number of hospitalized patients are exposed to heparin, HITT is a major iatrogenic cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. There are currently no specific therapies for the treatment of HITT. Objectives: Identify small molecule antagonists of PF4 tetramerization to serve as reagents for the mechanistic study of HITT as well as lead compounds for development of novel HITT therapies. Approach: Using the crystal structure of PF4, we identified a potential antagonist binding site near residues glutamic acid 28 (E28) and lysine 50 (K50). These residues form salt bridges between two PF4 dimers which are required for tetramer formation. We then performed an in silico screen of 1.1×10^6 lead-like small molecules using the program DOCK to identify compounds likely to bind to this site. A subset of these compounds were obtained and tested for their ability to inhibit PF4 tetramerization and PF4:heparin ULC formation in vitro. Results: In silico screening identified 109 compounds with DOCK scores (lower scores predict higher binding affinity) which were greater than 10 standard deviations below the mean (see Figure). We have obtained 12 of these compounds for in vitro testing. The ability of antagonists to inhibit PF4 tetramerization was measured as previously described by quantitation of silver stained SDS-PAGE gels of cross-linked PF4 in the absence and presence of putative antagonists. 5 of the compounds showed inhibition of tetramerization in a dose dependent manner, with 2 of these compounds (PA31 and PA35) demonstrating micromolar potency (IC50 of tetramerization = 500uM and 600uM respectively). The ability of these antagonists to inhibit ULC formation between PF4 and heparin was measured by both gel filtration and ELISA as previously described. PA31 and PA35 both inhibited ULC formation with potencies similar to that for inhibition of tetramerization. Conclusions: We have identified two small molecule PF4 antagonists. These compounds will be useful in future mechanistic studies of HITT. They also may serve as lead drug discovery compounds for chemical modification to create PF4 antagonists with increased affinity and potency. Such compounds may be tested as novel therapeutics for the treatment and/or prevention of HITT. Disclosures: Rux: In sillico Molecular, LLC: Employment, Owner.

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Spijkers, Otto, Alexander Collot d'Escury, and Katrien Zetsma. "Utrecht Law College (ULC): Preparing Students for the Future." Journal of the European Honors Council 1, no. 1 (May 4, 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31378/jehc.55.

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Gibb, M. J., and R. D. Baker. "Performance of young steers offered stack-treated ammoniated hay or untreated hay with or without a supplement." Animal Science 47, no. 2 (October 1988): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003305.

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ABSTRACTAn experiment was designed to establish the growth response of young housed steers to the feeding of stack-ammoniated low-quality hay, and to a range of different supplements for 16 weeks, and any carry-over effects during the following 24 weeks at pasture. Ammoniated hay was offered alone (TA), or with daily supplements of either 0·75 kg barley (TLB), 1·50 kg barley (THB), 0·1125 kg fish meal (TF), 0·75 kg or 1·50 kg of a barley-based concentrate (TLC and THC, respectively). Untreated hay was offered with either urea (UU) or with a daily supplement of 0·75 or 1·50 kg concentrates (ULC and UHC respectively).Ammoniation increased the total nitrogen concentration of the hay from 13·4 to 24·2 g/kg dry matter, and resulted in a small increase in the organic matter digestibility measured in vivo (0·597 to 0·653), compared with that measured in vitro (0·572 to 0·667). Digestibilities of the fibre fractions, measured in vivo, were also increased by ammoniation (0·626 to 0·734, 0·637 to 0·761, 0·678 to 0·771 for acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and cellulose, respectively). Intakes of hay were reduced by supplementation, with the exception of TF, although total intakes were increased. During the housed period, live-weight gains of steers given ammoniated hay were 0·58, 0·71, 0·81, 0·69, 0·80, 0·86 kg/day for treatments TA, TLB, THB, TF, TLC, THC, respectively. The live-weight gains of steers offered the untreated hay were 0·49, 0·66, 0·87 kg/day for treatments UU, ULC, UHC, respectively. There was no carry-over effect of treatments on live-weight gains over the grazing season (mean 0·66 kg/day). It is concluded that when high levels of supplementation are available, no benefit is to be gained by ammonia treatment of ihe hay. However, without supplementation stack ammoniation of hay produces a marked improvememt in performance, compared with the addition of urea at feeding.

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Dadpour, Bita, Reza Afshari, Seyed Reza Mousavi, Sina Kianoush, Mohamad Reza Keramati, Vali Allah Moradi, Mahmood Sadeghi, Faezeh Madani Sani, and Mahdi Balali Mood. "Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Lead Hepatotoxicity in the Workers of a Car Battery Manufacturing Factory." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.10.2.327.1.

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Background: Occupational lead poisoning is common in workers of some industries, but lead hepatotoxicity has rarely been reported. Several animal studies have revealed lead induced liver damage but clinical studies concerning the manifestations of lead induced liver toxicity in humans are scares. This study was designed to investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological parameters of hepatic dysfunction and its relationship with blood and urine lead concentrations in a car battery-manufacturing workers. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Mashhad, Iran, during April-June 2011. One hundred and twelve workers underwent blood and urine sampling for determination of lead concentrations and liver function tests. Clinical signs and symptoms of possible lead hepatotoxicity were investigated. Results: Mean (±SD) age of the workers was 28.78 (±5.17) yr with a daytime work of 8.67 (±1.41) h and mean work duration of 3.89 (±2.40) yr. Mean blood lead concentration (BLC) and urine lead concentration (ULC) were 398.95 (±177.41) µg/l and 83.67(±50) μg/l, respectively. We found no correlation between the clinical findings and BLC or ULC. A weak correlation (R: 0.27, P=0.087) between serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and BLC was obtained. No significant relationship was found between other liver function tests and BLC or ULC. Conclusion: We found no specific clinical and laboratory abnormalities of liver in the workers of car battery manufacturer who had chronic lead toxicity. Further investigations with more specific laboratory tests such as LDH5 and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as novel biomarkers of metal induced hepatotoxicity might be helpful in evaluating lead hepatotoxicity.

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Domgin, Jean-François, Pascal Gardin, Hubert Saint-Raymond, François Stouvenot, and Didier Huin. "Carbon Concentration in ULC Steels Numerically Tracked in Vacuum Processes." steel research international 76, no. 1 (January 2005): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200505967.

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Yan, Dong. "Collapse Pattern Identification for Cable-Stayed Bridges Based on Ultimate Limit Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1149.

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A method based on ultimate limit analysis (ULA) was proposed to identify collapse pattern for cable-stayed bridges. The proposed method had no need to model the whole process of structural progressive failure, but assumed plastic hinge model of cable-stayed bridges, which had two sets of variables describing plastic hinges’ positions and rotational angles. By a two-stage sequential optimization, the variables could be solved to reveal the bridge collapse pattern. Parametric studies could be further conducted to identify the bridge critical components, and explore the effects of some design parameters on collapse pattern and ultimate load-carrying capacity (ULC). The proposed technique was illustrated on a twin-pylon cable-stayed bridge. Comparing with the results of nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA), the yielded components forming collapse pattern can be correctly extracted from the plastic hinge model. This technique results in small errors (less than 3.1%) for estimating the ULCs.

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Wang, Yi, Wen Yang, and Lifeng Zhang. "Interaction between Ti-bearing ultra-low carbon solid steel and mold flux at 1400 °C." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 4 (2019): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019023.

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Laboratory scale experiments on the reaction between mold flux and solid titanium (Ti) bearing ultra low carbon (ULC) steel were carried out at 1400 °C. It was found that the composition of mold flux particles changed after the interactions, which was resulted from the reduction of flux components by the aluminum (Al) and Ti in steel, leading to the decrease of SiO2 and the increase of Al2O3 and TiOx in flux particles. A layer of oxides was precipitated in the steel near the steel-flux interface. Al2O3 particles were firstly precipitated and then transformed into Ti-Al-O type with the decrease of the distance from the interface and the increase of reheating time, accompanying with the increase of the particle size. The precipitation of particles was estimated to result from the reoxidation of the steel matrix by the oxygen diffused from the mold flux, which would further increase the detriment of the entrapped mold flux to the cleanliness and surface quality of the rolled sheets of ULC steel.

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Cui, Yan, Ai Min Ji, Yun Li Feng, Rui Zhen Wang, and Qi Long Yong. "Effect of Grain Size and Annealing Condition on Grain Boundary Segregation of Carbon Atoms in ULC Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (February 2013): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.286.

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The grain boundary segregation of carbon atoms is influenced by grain size and annealing condition. Increasing grain size and improving the final cooling ( ＜400 oC) rate can improve the bake hardening property, due to the decreasing of carbon segregation at grain boundaries. Cooling rates have a great effect on bake hardening property of ULC steel with smaller grains

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De, A. K., S. Vandeputte, and B. C. De Cooman. "Kinetics of low temperature precipitation in a ULC-bake hardening steel." Scripta Materialia 44, no. 4 (March 2001): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(00)00638-2.

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Gautam, Jai, Roumen Petrov, Elke Leunis, and Leo A. I. Kestens. "Heterogeneous Phase Transformation Texture Evolution in Low Alloyed ULC Steel Sheets." steel research international 82, no. 8 (May 9, 2011): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100074.

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Mukhopadhyay, S., M. K. Mahapatra, P. K. Mondal, and S. K. Das. "Alumina and Silica Sols as Binders in a Typical ULC Castable." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 62, no. 2 (April 2003): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.2003.11012086.

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You, Dali, Christian Bernhard, Andreas Viertauer, and Bernd Linzer. "Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) Steel." Crystals 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080893.

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The standard production route for mild steels for automotive purposes is still based on conventional continuous casting (CC) and hot strip rolling (HSR). The current trend towards the “zero-carbon car” will demand the abating of material emissions in the future. Thin slab casting and direct rolling (e.g., Arvedi endless strip production (ESP)) is an approach to reduce CO2 emissions by 50% compared to CC and HSR. One of the main limitations in applying ESP for the production of ultra-low carbon/interstitial free (ULC/IF) steels is clogging. Clogging is the blockage of the submerged entry nozzle due to the build-up of oxide layers or an oxide network. The high clogging sensitivity of IF steels results most probably from the FeTi addition, and hence, a general change of the deoxidation practice might be an option to overcome these problems. In the present work, the thorough refining process of ULC steel was simulated by addressing the different deoxidation routes and the influence of titanium (Ti) alloying on steel cleanness. The developed ladle furnace (LF) and the Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) refining models were applied to perform the simulation. Before the simulations, the models are briefly described and validated by the published industrial data.

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Hamidi, Ahmad, and Neri Puspita Sari. "ANALISIS PERSENTASE EFEKTIF PENGGUNAAN KATALIS PADA BATA RINGAN ULC DAN PENGARUH TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN." Siklus : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 5, no. 2 (October 11, 2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/siklus.v5i2.3209.

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Pembangunan pada era saat ini berkembang dengan begitu cepat sejalan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pembangunan bangunan gedung khususnya mulai banyak dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasar pada saat ini. Kekurangan luas lahan menjadi alasan pemilik bangunan melakukan pengembangan arah vertikal (bertingkat). Penggunaan material yang digunakan juga harus diperhatikan terutama akan berpengaruh pada bobot bangunan. Semakin berat bobot bangunan maka dimensi penampang dan tulangan yang digunakan juga akan semakin besar. Salah satu solusi dalam mengurangi bobot bangunan adalah dengan penggunaan bata ringan Ultra Light Concrete (ULC) yang terbuat dari material semen, pasir pasang, gypsum dan air. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian bata ringan ULC dengan menggunakan 3 jenis variasi persentase penggunaan katalis yaitu 0,5% ; 0,6% dan 0,7% dari berat volume material penyusun adukan dengan menggunakan pasir pasang kulim di Pekanbaru, setiap persentase terdapat 3 benda uji dan diuji pada umur 28 hari. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian maka dihasilkan kuat tekan rata-rata pada persentase 0,5% menghasilkan kuat tekan 0,64 MPa, persentase 0,6% menghasilkan kuat tekan 0,36 MPa dan persentase 0,7% menghasilkan kuat tekan 0,54 MPa. Berdasarkan dari pengujian kuat tekan dari tiga jenis persentase penggunaan katalis tersebut maka persentase yang paling optimal adalah persentase 0,5% dengan kuat tekan 0,64 MPa.

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Pan, Lihu, Le Zhang, Shipeng Qin, Huimin Yan, Rui Peng, and Fen Li. "Study on an Artificial Society of Urban Safety Livability Change." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020070.

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Improving the urban livability status has become the core goal of urban development, and reasonable assessment of the urban livability status and impact is crucial. By combining an objective environment with residents’ subjective cognition, an artificial society (urban livability change artificial society; ULC-AS) is constructed. The ULC-AS includes four types of agents, namely, government, family, resident and safety facility management agency agents, and recognizes dynamic interaction among various agents and between agents and the environment. Taking the Futian District of Shenzhen as an example, this paper examines factors such as migrants, birth policies, and government investment. We simulate the interactions among resident satisfaction changes, relocation decision-making behavior and urban safety livability and analyze the change processes and development trends of urban safety livability under multiple scenarios. Our main result indicates that population change and investment construction are important factors affecting urban safety livability. At present, the population of the Futian District is saturated. Therefore, the government must assess the urban safety livability and increase investment in high-demand areas. Through this method, the goals of urban resource allocation optimization and coordinated urban development can be achieved.

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Last, Günter, and Ryszard Szekli. "On negative association of some finite point processes on general state spaces." Journal of Applied Probability 56, no. 01 (March 2019): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2019.10.

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AbstractWe study negative association for mixed sampled point processes and show that negative association holds for such processes if a random number of their points fulfils the ultra log-concave (ULC) property. We connect the negative association property of point processes with directionally convex dependence ordering, and show some consequences of this property for mixed sampled and determinantal point processes. Some applications illustrate the general theory.

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Dutta, Siuli, Ashis K. Panda, Subrata Chatterjee, and Rajat K. Roy. "Effect of annealing treatment on magnetic texture of cold rolled ULC steel." Materials Letters 276 (October 2020): 128211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128211.

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Lamberigts, Marcel, and Jean-Pierre Servais. "Use of XPS to investigate surface problems in ULC deep drawing steels." Applied Surface Science 144-145 (April 1999): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(98)00822-8.

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Cauty, Robert. "Le théorème de Lefschetz–Hopf pour les applications compactes des espaces ULC." Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications 1, no. 1 (December 23, 2006): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11784-006-0002-5.

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Suarez, Lucia, Roumen H. Petrov, Leo Kestens, M. Lamberigts, and Yvan Houbaert. "Texture Evolution of Tertiary Oxide Scale during Steel Plate Finishing Hot Rolling Simulation Tests." Materials Science Forum 550 (July 2007): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.550.557.

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Thin tertiary scale layers have been grown on ULC steel specimens under controlled conditions. After heating under a protective atmosphere (nitrogen), the samples have been oxidised in air for various oxidation times at 1050°C. These experiments are considered a quantitatively and qualitatively reasonable simulation of the scale formation and growth occurring before hot rolling. Immediately after controlled oxidation, some of the samples were subjected to plane strain compression, in order to simulate the finishing hot rolling process. This approach provided a better insight into the deformation behaviour of the tertiary oxide layer in the first hot rolling pass. The layers produced were examined under the SEM using the EBSD technique for texture characterisation and phase morphology determination. The texture of the deformed oxide scales, originally grown on ULC steel at 1050°C, was determined in order to achieve a better understanding of their complex deformation behaviour. This paper gives a first approach of the study of deformed oxides by EBSD. Strongly textured wustite grains with a clearly pronounced columnar structure were observed after oxidation at 1050°C. As the substrate deformation probably affects the oxide layer, orientation relationships between scale layer and substrate were observed. The detailed EBSD study reveals that the oxide layer can accommodate a significant amount of deformation. The oxide layers exhibit good adhesion to the substrate and remain homogeneous over the thickness after compression.

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Verbeken, Kim, and Leo Kestens. "Nucleation of Secondary Recrystallization in Ultra Low Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 1189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.1189.

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The nucleation stage of secondary recrystallization has never been considered in detail. During the present study, nucleation of abnormal grain growth in ULC steel was studied. A specific nucleation mechanism was identified. This mechanism involved the disappearance of low angle grain boundaries, which gave rise to the onset of a local grain coalescence mechanism that clusters grains that were only separated by low angle grain boundaries. The impact of the nucleation stage remained visible in the texture that was obtained after complete abnormal grain growth.

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Longauerová, Margita, Maria Hurakova, Pavel Bekeč, Svätoboj Longauer, Mária Fedorová, and Jana Konrádyová. "Local Notch Toughness of Slab Surface Zone in ULC/IF and HSLA Steels." Key Engineering Materials 662 (September 2015): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.662.209.

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The aim of this work was to analyze changes in local toughness KCV using Charpy V-notch impact tests in the slab surface zone in relation to the microstructure in ULC/ IF steel and TiNb HSLA steel. Marked heterogeneity in KCV values was confirmed in the surface zone across the width of transitional slabs. Distinct local differences in notch toughness across the slab width were found to be linked primarily with changes in ferrite grain size. Low KCV values in the analyzed steels were linked with coarse grain structure, while much finer ferrite structure was identified in tough samples. The heterogeneity of KCV vales in the analyzed steels may be influenced by differences in thickness of the fine-grain slab surface zone, and by the presence of tertial cementite and (in HSLA steel) of pearlite as well.

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Krielaart, G., M. Baetens, Serge Claessens, D. Vanderschueren, and Yvan Houbaert. "Transformation Behaviour and Related Mechanical Properties of B-Added ULC- and IF Steels." Materials Science Forum 284-286 (June 1998): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.284-286.209.

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38

Van Akkooi, Alexander Christopher Jonathan, Petra Siegel, Saskia Gooskens, Alfred Schoengen, Wolfram Sterry, Alexander M. Eggermont, and Christiane A. Voit. "Use of preoperative ultrasound (US)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to identify positive sentinel nodes (SN) in melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e20035-e20035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e20035.

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e20035 Background: The surgical Sentinel Node (SN) is standard of care worldwide for the staging of AJCC stage I/II melanoma patients. It remains unclear if SN followed by early lymph node dissection in case of metastasis can lead to a survival benefit. Unlike other cancers, US-guided-FNAC has not been proven effective in melanoma. Aim was to analyze sensitivity (sens), specificity (spec), positive (PPV) and Negative (NPV) predictive values with use of the Berlin Morphology criteria, a low threshold for performing repeated FNAC and overnight cytology reports. Methods: Between 2001 and 2010 over 1,000 stage I / II consecutive melanoma pts have undergone US-FNAC prior to SN. All patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy prior to US-FNAC. Peripheral Perfusion (PP), Loss of Central Echoes (LCE), Balloon Shaped (BS) are the Berlin Morphology Criteria, which were registered. FNAC was performed (3-4x) in case any of these factors were seen. SN tumor burden was measured according to the Rotterdam Criteria. All patients underwent SN or LND in case of positive FNAC. Results: Mean/med Breslow thickness 2.59/1.57 mm (0.2 – 44 mm). Mean/med follow-up 39 / 32 months (0 – 115). Ulceration (ulc) present in 24 %. SN pos rate was 20.8 % (208 / 1000). 34.2% underwent FNAC. 8.9% was FNAC positive; this was 26% of all FNAC. Sens was 51%. Spec, PPV and NPV were 99%, 95% and 89%. Sensitivity was highest for T4 (76%) and in ulc (63%) tumors. PP, LCE, BS had sens of 51%, 37%, 24%. Sens of US-FNAC increased with increasing SN tumor burden (12% in < 0.1 mm to 61% in > 1 mm). PP was an early sign of metastasis (58% in < 0.1 mm mets). Threshold for pos FNAC was 0.4 mm in maximum diameter. 5-yr survival correlated to US-FNAC status (93% in neg, 51% in pos). 5-yr survival of pts with PP was 82% vs. 46% in BS vs. 92% in neg pts (P=0.001). Conclusions: US-FNAC according to the Berlin Morphology criteria can correctly identify half of the positive SNs, prior to the surgical SN procedure. PP is an early sign of metastasis, BS is a late sign. US-FNAC can significantly reduce the amount of unnecessary surgical SN procedures. US-FNAC sensitivity correlated with increasing T-stage, increasing SN tumor burden and ulc. US-FNAC can accurately predict survival.

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Pingitore, Alessandro, Erika Garbella, Paolo Piaggi, Danilo Menicucci, Francesca Frassi, Vincenzo Lionetti, Andrea Piarulli, et al. "Early subclinical increase in pulmonary water content in athletes performing sustained heavy exercise at sea level: ultrasound lung comet-tail evidence." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 5 (November 2011): H2161—H2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00388.2011.

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Whether prolonged strenuous exercise performed by athletes at sea level can produce interstitial pulmonary edema is under debate. Chest sonography allows to estimate extravascular lung water, creating ultrasound lung comet-tail (ULC) artifacts. The aim of the study was to determine whether pulmonary water content increases in Ironmen ( n = 31) during race at sea level and its correlation with cardiopulmonary function and systemic proinflammatory and cardiac biohumoral markers. A multiple factor analysis approach was used to determine the relations between systemic modifications and ULCs by assessing correlations among variables and groups of variables showing significant pre-post changes. All athletes were asymptomatic for cough and dyspnea at rest and after the race. Immediately after the race, a score of more than five comet tail artifacts, the threshold for a significant detection, was present in 23 athletes (74%; 16.3 ± 11.2; P < 0.01 ULC after the race vs. rest) but decreased 12 h after the end of the race (13 athletes; 42%; 6.3 ± 8.0; P < 0.01 vs. soon after the race). Multiple factor analysis showed significant correlations between ULCs and cardiac-related variables and NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Healthy athletes developed subclinical increase in pulmonary water content immediately after an Ironman race at sea level, as shown by the increased number of ULCs related to cardiac changes occurring during exercise. Hemodynamic changes are one of several potential factors contributing to the mechanisms of ULCs.

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40

Rodrigues, Marcelo Kehdi Gomes, and Adelcke Rossetto Netto. "Brazil: Celso Garcia, 787 Building Restoration for Social Housing Purposes." Open House International 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2005-b0003.

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Celso Garcia, 787, one of the many derelict buildings in the centre of São Paulo, was converted into housing for 84 low-income families. Members of the ULC popular housing movement occupied the vacant former bank branch and, with technical support from the Integra Interdisciplinary Work Cooperative, converted the building into affordable apartments. The project works toward the reversal of the process of exodus from the city centre, proposing housing alternatives in central areas that have lost part of their population in the last several years yet remain rich in urban infrastructure.

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Novillo, E., M. M. Petite, J. L. Bocos, and I. Gutiérrez. "Análisis mediante EBSD de los procesos de recristalización y crecimiento de grano en un acero ULC." Revista de Metalurgia 40, no. 5 (October 30, 2004): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2004.v40.i5.287.

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42

Finley, Davis W. "New Proofs of Bing's $\bf 1$-ULC Taming Theorem and Bing's Side Approximation Theorem." Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 23, no. 3 (September 1993): 885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1216/rmjm/1181072530.

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43

Campione, Anna. "LE ELEZIONI NELLA CECOSLOVACCHIA DEMOCRATICA (1990-1992)." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 23, no. 2 (August 1993): 315–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048840200022267.

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IntroduzioneNei decenni precedenti l'instaurazione dei regimi comunisti nessuno dei sistemi politici dell'Europa centro-orientale, ad eccezione della Cecoslovacchia e della Germania, aveva sviluppato strutture partitiche relativamente forti, specie se confrontate con i sistemi democratici dell'Europa occidentale. Dopo la breve parentesi post-bellica di competizione «pluralistica» gli organi rappresentativi e le elezioni stesse erano stati trasformati in strumenti funzionali al dominio del partito unico. Benché il parlamento costituisse secondo le costituzioni di quei paesi l'organo più autorevole dello stato, le stesse avevano finito per recepire il principio (stabilito dalla costituzione sovietica del 1977) del partito comunista come «forza guida della società» (Ulc 1982)

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Bi, Zhen Yong, Ning Sheng Zhou, Jia Lin Sun, Jing Zhao, Ji Wei Li, and De Ting Xu. "Effect of In Situ Formed Mullite on Properties of High Alumina ULC Castables." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.688.

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In order to improve the hot strength of pre-cast shapes of high alumina castables used in industrial furnaces, the present work explored the approach to using in-situ formed mullite by incorporating 3%-9% silicon powders in bauxite based ULC castables. The pre-cast specimens were dried and then heated at 1450°C for 3h in air. The in-situ formed mullite derived from Si can remarkably improve HMOR of the castables. Refractoriness under load and TSR can also be improved by Si incorporation. The microstructure of the related castable samples was interpreted. The optimizing addition of Si power in this work is about 5%.

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45

Wang, Liping, Peng Gui, Lei Li, Yixuan Ku, Mark Bodner, Gaojie Fan, Yong-Di Zhou, and Xiao-Wei Dong. "Neural correlates of heat-evoked pain memory in humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 1596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00126.2015.

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The neural processes underlying pain memory are not well understood. To explore these processes, contact heat-evoked potentials (CHEPs) were recorded in humans with electroencephalography (EEG) technique during a delayed matching-to-sample task, a working memory task involving presentations of two successive painful heat stimuli (S-1 and S-2) with different intensities separated by a 2-s interval (the memorization period). At the end of the task, the subject was required to discriminate the stimuli by indicating which (S-1 or S-2) induced more pain. A control task was used, in which no active discrimination was required between stimuli. All event-related potential (ERP) analysis was aligned to the onset of S-1. EEG activity exhibited two successive CHEPs: an N2-P2 complex (∼400 ms after onset of S-1) and an ultralate component (ULC, ∼900 ms). The amplitude of the N2-P2 at vertex, but not the ULC, was significantly correlated with stimulus intensity in these two tasks, suggesting that the N2-P2 represents neural coding of pain intensity. A late negative component (LNC) in the frontal recording region was observed only in the memory task during a 500-ms period before onset of S-2. LNC amplitude differed between stimulus intensities and exhibited significant correlations with the N2-P2 complex. These indicate that the frontal LNC is involved in maintenance of intensity of pain in working memory. Furthermore, alpha-band oscillations observed in parietal recording regions during the late delay displayed significant power differences between tasks. This study provides in the temporal domain previously unidentified neural evidence showing the neural processes involved in working memory of painful stimuli.

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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "ANALISA PERBANDINGAN UNJUK KERJA PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR MOTOR KONVENSIONAL DENGAN MOTOR LISTRIK ULC PLN AREA CENGKARENG." Energi & Kelistrikan 10, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v10i1.329.

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The depletion of petroleum reserves makes people always try to find alternative energy to meet their daily needs. Especially for fuel oil in vehicles whose price is increasing, making scientists to look for alternative energy as a vehicle. Electric motors are one of the alternatives currently being promoted to replace oil-fueled vehicles. There are many types and models of electric motors in the community. The research that will be done is to test the performance of electric motorcycle used by PLN Cengkareng Area for the activities of Quick Service Unit (ULC = Unit Layanan Cepat) and compared with conventional motorcycle fueled by premium oil

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Walentek, Artur, Xiahua Hu, Marc Seefeldt, and Paul van Houtte. "Texture Evolution during Cold Rolling of Low and High Carbon Steel. Measurement and Simulation." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.369.

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This paper presents simulations of the texture development during cold rolling of fully pearlitic steel. In order to investigate the importance of including microstructural aspects into texture simulations the calculations were carried out with the FC Taylor Pearlite model which takes the lamellar microstructure into account and with the FC Taylor and LAMEL model which are dedicated for one phase materials. The results are compared with those for ULC steel. For both materials the LAMEL model results are in good agreement with experimental data, while for the pearlitic steel, the FC Taylor Pearlite model improves the predictions only slightly with respect to the FC Taylor model.

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Kowalska, M. Anna, Karine Amirikian, Laurent O. Mosnier, Hartmut Weiler, Sriram Krishnaswamy, and Mortimer Poncz. "Structural and Functional Studies to Define the Molecular Basis by Which Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) Increases Survival of Mice in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Endotoxicity." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.19.19.

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Abstract Our previous studies have demonstrated that platelet-released PF4 (chemokine CXCL4) promotes survival in a murine LPS-induced endotoxicity model, although the molecular basis for PF4’s protective effects was not fully defined. We hypothesized that enhanced generation of cytoprotective activated protein C (APC) by PF4 might contribute to the molecular mechanism of PF4’s beneficial effects in vivo, based on the observation that PF4 stimulates protein C (PC) activation by the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex both in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that PF4 in vitro affects human (h) PC activation in the presence of human thrombomodulin (hTM) in a bell-shaped concentration curve, i.e. stimulation at low, but inhibition at high PF4 concentrations with a peak around 3 μM. This curve is similar to that seen with PF4 for surface-bound heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antigenicity, suggesting that similar complexes of PF4 with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that occur in HIT (termed ultralarge complexes (ULC)) are relevant to PF4’s interaction with the hPC/hTM. Addition of heparin blocks PF4 increase of APC generation in a similar fashion as it does for surface-bound ULC. A PF4 variant PF4K50E that poorly forms PF4 tetramers requires 8-fold higher concentrations to enhance APC generation, supporting that PF4 tetramers are central for APC generation as they are for formation of ULC. Neither PF4 nor PF4K50E accelerated in vitro generation of APC in the presence of hTM that was depleted of its chondroitin sulfate chain, suggesting that PF4 binds to this domain on hTM. In vivo studies involving simultaneous infusions of PF4 and thrombin into PF4 knock out (mPF4−/−) mice showed that PF4 leads to enhanced mouse (m) APC generation not seen with infused PF4K50E, consistent with our in vitro studies. We then asked if surface heparan sulfate on the endothelial lining was necessary for the observed PF4 effect on in vivo mAPC formation. We studied mice with a Tie2-Cre conditional knock out of N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase-1 activity (NDST-1−/−) that have only 15% of normal endothelial cell surface heparan sulfate content using a similar thrombin/PF4 infusion model. We found that mAPC generation was accelerated by PF4 to the same extent both in NDST1−/−/mPF4−/− and mPF4−/− mice, suggesting that surface GAGs are not involved in the PF4 effect. We have also tested the in vivo effect of PF4 on mAPC formation in TM mutant (TMpro/pro) mice that have impaired capacity for APC formation to further demonstrate that PF4’s positive effect in LPS endotoxic shock survival involves enhanced mAPC generation. Upon injection of high doses of thrombin (40 U/kg), mAPC levels are increased to the same extent in WT and TMpro/pro mice. After injection of low amounts of thrombin (8 U/kg), generation of mAPC was impaired in TMpro/pro as compared to WT mice. Concurrent infusion of PF4 increased mAPC formation in TMpro/pro mice after injection of low doses of thrombin, approximately equal to that seen in WT mice with no PF4 injected. As previously described, TMpro/pro mice had increased mortality after injection of LPS as compared to WT mice; however, with concurrent platelet PF4 overexpression, mortality decreased to that seen in WT mice, suggesting that the biological value of PF4 in LPS endotoxicity is related to its effect on the generation of APC. Thus, these studies support enhanced APC generation as the basis for the positive effect of PF4 on LPS endotoxicity and further define the molecular basis for increased APC generation by PF4 by forming ULC with the chondroitin sulfate domain of TM, but not with heparan sulfate on the vascular surface.

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Laureys, A., L. Claeys, M. Pinson, T. Depover, and K. Verbeken. "Evaluation of blistered and cold deformed ULC steel with melt extraction and thermal desorption spectroscopy." Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018): 1330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.279.

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Longauerová, Margita, Maria Hurakova, and Svätoboj Longauer. "Precipitation in Surface Zone of Continuously-Cast Slab of ULC/IF Steel Microalloyed with Titanium." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.73.

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The aim of this work was to analyze the morphology and distribution of the microalloy precipitates in the slab surface zone of ULC/IF steel microalloyed with titanium. The slab was made by continuous casting using two different slab pulling rates. Transient slabs were pulled with pulling rate 0.4 m/min at the start and 0.8 m/min at the end of the slab. It was confirmed that morphology of the particles evaluated in the surface areas of slab were globular, cubical or elliptical shape and have been identified as of TiS, TiN and TiC. At the lower drawing rate particles from the middle cut-out from an area with coarse ferritic grains at the slab surface attained an mean size of 2r = 41.8 nm, and from an area with fine ferritic grains they attained an mean size of 2r = 32.5 nm. At the higher drawing rate particles in the middle cut-out attained an mean size of 2r= 63.5 nm. The coarser particles were found in areas with coarse ferrite grains and at higher pulling speed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ULC'

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