Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ulcinj

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  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ulcinj'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ulcinj"

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Bajçinovci, Bujar. "Achieving thermal comfort and sustainable urban development in accordance with the principles of bioclimatic architecture: A case study of Ulcinj (Montenegro)." Quaestiones Geographicae 36, no. 4 (2017): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0041.

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Abstract Human communities have always taken actions to create a healthier environment for living and working. Those efforts are best documented in the architectural structure everywhere, starting from ancient history to the present. It is assumed that the town of Ulcinj is one of the earliest cities on the Adriatic coast. The building morphology and urban structure of Ulcinj is 2,500 years old and is continued by multi-ethnical society. Hence, the urban structure of Ulcinj developed harmonically across the rock hills which encompass the city beach, forming the urban structure which is perceived as the unity of land and sea. The study investigates the Ulcinj urban structure, urban management, sustainable development, focusing on human comfort, and environmental actions with a view to accomplish better and more natural life. Bioclimatic passive design principles are associated with an environmental sustainable design, interrelated to the microclimate of the region, connected to the thermal, spatial, visual, acoustic, and air quality. The research method consists of empirical observation through the city and riviera. According to the conceptual findings of this paper, with a proper implementation of bioclimatic passive principles, the work seeks to indicate that it is possible to achieve a higher level than the current one. Hence, the huge number of tourists and overnight stays can make a difference in eco-tourism, and sustainable development if we can achieve energy efficiency, and preserve the natural resources in accordance with passive bioclimatic principles.
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Sackl, Peter. "An early and the first documented records of Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola in Montenegro." Acrocephalus 39, no. 176-177 (2018): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2018-0005.

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Abstract For evaluating the current status of Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola in Montenegro, all available sightings were compiled from published and unpublished personal sources. A hitherto hardly known record of the species for the country by a holiday group of British birdwatchers, under the guidance of renowned ornithologist Bob Scott (1938–2009), dates from May 1982. The sighting in the Ulcinj Salina, in 1982, constitutes the first record of Citrine Wagtail in Montenegro and in the Western Balkans. More than 30 years later the species was sighted, between 2013 and 2017, again in the Ulcinj Salina (May 2013, Mar 2016, Nov 2017) and in the former Tivat Salina (Apr 2014). Hence, five observations are currently on record for Montenegro.
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Potpara, Zorica, Snezana Pantovic, Natasa Duborija-Kovacevic, Vanja Tadic, Tanja Vojinovic, and Nada Marstijepovic. "The Properties of the Ulcinj Peloid make it Unique Biochemical Laboratory Required for the Treatment of Problematic Skin and Health Care." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 6 (2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200620.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of peloid, its mineralogical composition and its antimicrobial activity, including the presence of algae, with the aim of considering its dermo-cosmetic application, such as anti-skin aging and treatment. Physicochemical analysis showed that peloid from Ulcinj coast, contains minerals, necessary for smooth performance of skin functions, as well as, the whole body. A studied peloid sample showed significant antimicrobial activity of Candida albicans strain, and the presence of algae of Bacillariophyta division, known to have a beneficial effect on skin health. Results of examination of peloid from Ulcinj locality, recommended it as a high quality natural substance applicative in dermo-cosmetic preparations for treatment of problematic skin.
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Potpara, Zorica, Slavica Vucurovic, Nada Marstijepovic, and Dragica Bojovic. "Composition of mineral mud: Peloid from saltworks of Ulcinj." Medicinski casopis 45, no. 1 (2011): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medcas1101013p.

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Pasquero, Claudia, and Marco Poletto. "Biodigital Design Workflows: ecoLogicStudio's Solana Open Aviary in Ulcinj, Montenegro." Architectural Design 87, no. 1 (2017): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.2130.

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Stešević, Danijela, Nada Bubanja, Danka Caković, Nejc Jogan, Milica Luković, and Urban Šilc. "Synecology of Cutandia maritima (L.) Barbey, a rare psammophytic species along the Montenegrin Coast (East Adriatic Coast)." Hacquetia 16, no. 2 (2017): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hacq-2017-0002.

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AbstractCutandia maritima is a circum-Mediterranean species that inhabits sandy dunes along the coast line. It is fairly frequent on the western Adriatic coast but fairly rare and possibly even non-native in the east. In Croatia, it was discovered in 1990 in Crnika Bay on the island of Rab, which was considered until 2005 to be the only site on the eastern Adriatic coast from the Gulf of Trieste in the north to Corfu in the south. In 2009, the species was briefly reported for Velika plaža (Long Beach) in Ulcinj (Montenegro) but without details about the habitat type and synecology. The aim of this paper is thus to provide a deeper insight into the ecology and synecology of C. maritima in the eastern Adriatic part of the distribution area. On Velika plaža in Ulcinj, the species was found along the whole sea-inland gradient of sand dunes, in various types of vegetation: [1210] - annual vegetation of drift lines, [2110] - embryonic shifting dunes, [2120] - shifting dunes with Ammophila arenaria (white dunes), [2220] - dunes with Euphorbia terracina, [2130*] - fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (grey dunes), and also [2190] - humid dune slacks.
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Ramella Gal, M. "Case studies on two fortified cities in montenegro: Kotor and ulcinj." International Journal of Heritage Architecture: Studies, Repairs and Maintence 1, no. 2 (2017): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ha-v1-n2-153-162.

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POLOVIC, Lidija, and Natalija CADENOVIC. "The herpetofauna of the Great Ulcinj Beach area including Ada Island (Montenegro)." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 38 (2014): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1303-7.

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Caković, Danka, Danijela Stešević, Snežana Vuksanović, and Kit Tan. "Colchicum cupanii guss. subsp. glossophyllum (heldr.) rouy, datura innoxia mill. and eclipta prostrata (l.) l., new floristic records in Montenegro and western Balkan." Acta Botanica Croatica 73, no. 1 (2014): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2013-0023.

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Abstract During field investigations on Long Ulcinj Beach, Montenegrin coast, three taxa new to Montenegrin flora were collected: Colchicum cupanii Guss. subsp. glossophyllum (Heldr.) Rouy, Datura innoxia Mill. and Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. The first species is native to Europe, while the others are alien. Colchicum cupanii subsp. glossophyllum is an endemic of the Balkan Peninsula, with a distribution formerly restricted to Greece and Albania, so this new record extends its distribution to the north-west. The distribution of Eclipta prostrata in the Balkans is also enlarged by this new record for Montenegro, in a westerly direction.
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Kljun, Ivan, and Dejan Bordjan. "Little Owl Athene noctua survey in the area of Ulcinj (S Montenegro) in 2015." Acrocephalus 39, no. 178-179 (2018): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2018-0011.

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Abstract Between 29 Mar and 10 Apr, 2015, a Little Owl Athene noctua survey was carried out using the playback method in the southern part of Montenegro. The study area was situated between the town of Ulcinj and the Bojana River delta. A total of 55 calling males were registered at 26 survey points with a maximum of 4 calling males per survey point. Considering the low response rate of the Little Owl, its local population was estimated at be 55–110 calling males. This study presents the first systematic survey of the Little Owl in Montenegro.
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Books on the topic "Ulcinj"

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Ulcinj, Muzej, ed. Ulcinj: Istorijsko-umjetnički vodič. 3rd ed. Muzej Ulcinj, 1995.

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Ulcinj u Osmanskoj imperiji. Asociacioni Ulqini, 2012.

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Milošević, Miloš. Boka Kotorska, Bar i Ulcinj od kraja XV do kraja XVIII vijeka. CID, 2008.

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Kongbosil, Ulchin-gun (Korea) Munhwa. Ulchin ŭi ŏl. Ulchin-gun, 1988.

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Ulchin ŭi tongje. Minsogwŏn, 2010.

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Ulchin, Samch'ŏk mujang kongbi ch'imt'u sakŏn. Paengnyŏn Tongan, 2015.

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Chŏng, Yŏng-ho. Ulchin Pongp'yŏng-ni Sillabi wa Han'guk kodae kŭmsŏngmun: Ulchin Pongp'yŏng-ni Sillabi Chŏnsigwan Kaegwan Kinyŏm Haksul Taehoe nonch'ong. Ulchin-gun, 2011.

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Ulchin Pongp'yŏng Sillabi: Silla stele in Bongpyeong, Uljin. Sŏhwa Midiŏ, 2010.

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Silla sŏkpi: Kukpo che 242-ho Ulchin Pongpʻyŏng. Misul Munhwawŏn, 1989.

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Ch'ŏnch'uksan Puryŏngsa. Taehan Pulgyo Chinhŭngwŏn, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ulcinj"

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Ratković, Rade, Miško Rađenović, Dragana Zečević, and Milica Jablan. "Tourism in Budva, Bar, and Ulcinj Area of Montenegrin Coast." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_696.

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Duo, J. I., J. Chen, J. A. Kulesza, A. H. Fero, C. S. Yoo, and B. C. Kim. "Korean Standard Nuclear Plant Ex-Vessel Neutron Dosimetry Program Ulchin 4." In Reactor Dosimetry: 14th International Symposium. ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49599t.

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Duo, J. I., J. Chen, J. A. Kulesza, A. H. Fero, C. S. Yoo, and B. C. Kim. "Korean Standard Nuclear Plant Ex-Vessel Neutron Dosimetry Program Ulchin 4." In Reactor Dosimetry: 14th International Symposium. ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp155020120002.

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"Ulcinj." In The Adriatic Sea Encyclopedia. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50032-0_579.

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"Ulcinj Saltworks (Ulcinj Salt Ponds, Ulcinjska Solana)." In The Adriatic Sea Encyclopedia. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50032-0_582.

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"Ulcinj Salina Lagoon." In The Adriatic Sea Encyclopedia. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50032-0_581.

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"Ulcinj Riviera (Ulcinjska Rivijera)." In The Adriatic Sea Encyclopedia. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50032-0_580.

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Malcolm, Noel. "An Unknown Account of Ottoman Albania." In Rebels, Believers, Survivors. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857297.003.0003.

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Antonio Bruni, who until recently was completely unknown to historical scholarship, was an Albanian from the city of Ulcinj (now in Montenegro); the short treatise he wrote in 1596, which was also unknown, offers the first account of Albania by a named Albanian author. This essay begins with a summary account of Bruni’s life: the son of an Albanian member of the Knights of St John (of Malta), he studied in Rome and Avignon, spent some time working in Moldavia and then became an adviser to an exiled Moldavian ruler in Austria. His treatise was probably written for the benefit of a prominent member of the Papal administration in Rome. The whole text of his treatise is given here in translation, fully annotated. Written to advise on the possibility of an Albanian revolt during the Habsburg–Ottoman war, it discusses the ethnic and religious composition of Albania and other territories in the beylerbeylik (Ottoman province) of Rumeli, the social conditions there, and the security situation, especially the strength of local Ottoman forces. This text was a major influence on one of the most popular West European books about the Ottoman Empire, Lazaro Soranzo’s L’Ottomano (1598); this essay also demonstrates the degree of Soranzo’s indebtedness.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ulcinj"

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Jo, Hyun-Jun, Cheon-Woo Kim, and Tae-Won Hwang. "Commercialization Project of Ulchin Vitrification." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40021.

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The Ulchin Vitrification Facility (UVF), to be used for the vitirification of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) generated by nuclear power plants (NPPs), is the world’s first commercial facility using Cold Crucible Induction Melter (CCIM) technology. The construction of the facility was begun in 2005 and was completed in 2007. From December 2007 to September 2009, all key performance tests, such as the system functional test, the cold test, the hot test, and the real waste test, were successfully carried out. The UVF commenced commercial operation in October 2009 for the vitrification of radioactive waste.
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Lee, Deucksoo, Dong-Su Kim, Young-Taik Lee, O.-Keol Kwon, and Jung-Cha Kim. "Design Characteristics of Ulchin Nuclear Power Units 5&6." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22369.

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Ulchin nuclear power plant units 5&6 (UCN 5&6), which started excavation on January 1999, are two loop pressurized water reactors (PWR) with the capacity of 1000 MWe, and planned to start commercial operation on June, 2004 and June, 2005, respectively. The reactor coolant system of the UCN 5&6 consist of a reactor vessel, internals, and two steam generators, four reactor coolant pumps, a pressurizer and primary piping. Based on the system design of the first Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KSNP), UCN 5&6 is designed to provide improvements in safety, reliability and cost by applying both advanced proven technology and experiences gained from the construction and operation of the previous KSNP plants. The result of the preliminary probabilistic safety assessment study for UCN 5&6 shows that the core damage frequency is lowered significantly. Several design improvement items have been adopted to the system design and contributed to lower the core damage frequency value. Among the design improvements, digital PPS and digital ESFAS are the key to the UCN 5&6 design. Furthermore, digitization of the Plant Protection System (PPS) and Engineered Safety Feature Actuation System (ESFAS) for the PWR is the first case in the PWR construction history. The Korean regulatory body reviewed the design concept of the digital PPS and digital ESFAS, and evaluated to be acceptable for the plant safety. Also, in-depth review on the detail design of the digital PPS/ESFAS and the special evaluation/audit for the software design process are underway to secure the software quality. The safety of the UCN 5&6 design has been evaluated through a two-year review on the preliminary safety analysis report. As a result, the construction permit was issued on May 17, 1999 by the government. In this paper, design characteristics of UCN 5&6 are discussed focussed on design improvements comparing with KSNR. And, some of the safety analysis results are presented as well as licensing status.
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Kang, Dae-Il, Kil-Yoo Kim, and Jae-Joo Ha. "Importance Analysis of In-Service Testing Components for Ulchin Unit 3." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22180.

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We performed an importance analysis of In-Service Testing (IST) components for Ulchin Unit 3 using the integrated evaluation method for categorizing component safety significance developed in this study. The importance analysis using the developed method is initiated by ranking the component importance using quantitative PSA information. The importance analysis of the IST components not modeled in the PSA is performed through the engineering judgment, based on the expertise of PSA, and the quantitative and qualitative information for the IST components. The PSA scope for importance analysis includes not only Level 1 & 2 internal PSA but also Level 1 external and shutdown/low power operation PSA. The importance analysis results of valves show that 167 (26.55%) of the 629 IST valves are HSSCs and 462 (73.45%) are LSSCs. Those of pumps also show that 28 (70%) of the 40 IST pumps are HSSCs and 12 (30%) are LSSCs.
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Kang, Dae Il, and Sang Hoon Han. "Estimation of the Alpha Factor Parameters for the Emergency Diesel Generators of Ulchin Unit 3." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89559.

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Up to the present, the generic values of the Common cause failure (CCF) event parameters have been used in most PSA projects for the Korean NPPs. However, the CCF analysis should be performed with plant specific information to meet Category II of the ASME PRA Standard. Therefore, we estimated the Alpha factor parameters of the emergency diesel generator (EDG) for Ulchin Unit 3 by using the International Common-Cause Failure data Exchange (ICDE) database. The ICDE database provides the member countries with only the information needed for an estimation of the CCF parameters. The Ulchin Unit A3, pressurized water reactor, has two onsite EDGs and one alternate AC (AAC) diesel generator. The onsite EDGs of Unit 3&4 and the AAC are manufactured by the same company, but they are designed differently. The estimation procedure of the Alpha factor used in this study follows the approach of the NUREG/CR-5485. Since we did not find any qualitative difference between the target systems (two EDGs of Ulchin Unit 3) and the original systems (ICDE database), the applicability factor of each CCF event in the ICDE database was assumed to be 1. For the case of three EDGs including the AAC, five CCF events for the EDGs in the ICDE database were identified to be screened out. However, the detailed information for the independent events in the ICDE database is not presented. Thus, we assumed that the applicability factors for the CCF events to be screened out were, to be conservative, 0.5 and those of the other CCF events were 1. The study results show that the estimated Alpha parameters by using the ICDE database are lower than the generic values of the NUREG/CR-5497. The EDG system unavailability of the 1 out of 3 success criterion except for the supporting systems was calculated as 2.76E−3. Compared with the system unavailability estimated by using the data of NUREG/CR-5497, it is decreased by 31.2%.
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Oh, Hae-Cheol, Mi-Ro Seo, Myung-Ki Kim, Bag-Soon Chung, and Sung-Yull Hong. "The Use of Level 3 PSA for the Integrated Leakage Rate Test Interval Relaxation in Korea." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49213.

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Containment structure testing is intended to assure the leak-tight integrity of the containment structure under all design basis conditions. In Korea, ILRT testing frequency for PWR-type plants had been 1 every 5 years following the requirements of operating license. However, the utility had performed more frequently ILRT than the requirements due to the refueling outage of 18 months. The feasibility study of reducing the frequency of ILRT from 1 every 5 years to 1 every 10 years was performed with the method of performance-based containment leak-test program (NUREG-1493). To verify the justification of relaxation of test frequency, two activities were conducted. First, the recent 3 periods experiences of containment leakage-rate test were reviewed. And, Level 3 PSA for Ulchin Units 3 &4 as pilot plants was performed.
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Lee, Dong Hyuk, Yo Han Kim, and Chang Kyung Sung. "The Development of Loss of Flow Analysis Method for OPR1000 Using RETRAN." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89387.

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A new loss of flow transient analysis method for OPR1000 (Optimized Power Reactor 1000, previously called KSNP: Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant) based on RETRAN code were developed. The reference plant for the analysis is Ulchin Unit 3 and the transient analyzed is 4 pump coastdown. The current analysis for loss of RCS flow transient of OPR1000 uses COAST and CESEC codes. The new method uses RETRAN code to replace COAST and CESEC codes. Since the ability of RETRAN to replace CESEC has been studied in other non-LOCA transients, this paper will focus on COAST code and RCP coastdown flow rates. The results from simplified RETRAN nodalization corresponding to COAST show good agreement with RCS flow results from COAST code. The results are also compared with RETRAN basedeck for safety analysis which is more complex and show similar trends. Therefore, previous analysis method for loss of flow of OPR1000 using COAST code can be replaced with the new analysis method based on RETRAN.
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Choi, Sung Pyo, and Nam Ha Kim. "Application Experiences of ASME Section III Code in Korea." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2702.

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ASME Section III has been the most important Code for the design and construction of nuclear components for over 30 years in Korea. During that time, some difficulties have been recognized in compliance with the Code due to the differences in industrial practices and regulatory system between Korea and the U.S. In case of NCA (General Requirements for Division 1 and 2), the administrative and procedural requirements have been applied as modified to suit domestic industry practices. For technical aspects, supplemental requirements have been added to ASME Code in order to satisfy regulatory guides. Preheating and PWHT requirements of ASME Section III are slightly different from those of ASME B 31.1. The differences are discussed in this presentation. With the issuance of MOST (Ministry of Science & Technology) notice 96-32 in 1996 regarding KEPIC (Korea Electric Power Industry Code) application, KEPIC MN has been used in selected documents instead of ASME Sec. III. Ulchin 5&6 is the first project that applied to KEPIC. The application of KEPIC - MN has been gradually expanding to the subsequent nuclear projects. For consistent use of KEPIC, some measures for foreign vendors’ application of KEPIC should be considered.
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Kim, Insik, Sung-Goo Chi, and Keun-Bae Yoo. "APR1000: Further Improvements of the OPR1000 Design." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25380.

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Korean nuclear industry has demonstrated a success of KSNP (Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant) program through operations of its six units starting from Ulchin 3&4 since 1998, and four more units are currently under construction with its new name of OPR1000 (Optimized Pressurized Reactor 1000). During the past 20 years of OPR1000 constructions and operations, Korean nuclear industry has put continuous effort to secure its better confidence in safety and performance. As a result, OPR1000 is showing the highest capacity factor and the lowest unplanned trip records among the worldwide operating nuclear power plants. The goal of APR1000 (Advanced Power Reactor 1000) program launched recently is to develop an improved version of OPR1000 design. It is required to adopt selected advanced design features of APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400) and to fulfill the new and strengthened design requirements including longer plant lifetime, colder head reactor, longer refueling interval, enhanced cyber security, etc. It is also essential to consider regional specific conditions such as electric frequency, sea water temperature and seismic conditions, etc. In this paper, the overall APR1000 development program is introduced, and design requirements as well as advanced design features (ADFs) for APR1000 are discussed comparing with those for OPR1000.
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Kim, Insik, and Dong-Su Kim. "APR1400: Evolutionary Korean Next Generation Reactor." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22441.

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Following the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KSNP) program which has shown its success through operation of its first units, Ulchin 3&4, Korean nuclear industry, with the support of Korean government, has launched its next program to develop 4000MWt (1400MWe) Advanced Power Reactor, APR1400, as a Korean next generation reactor. It is to complete an advanced standardized plant design, with increased power and with higher confidence in safety, performance, construction and operation as well as economics relative to the currently operating KSNPs. Three-phase development program was ended in December 2001, and it is our next task to implement the developed design in actual construction and to proceed commercial operation. The key to the APR1400 design development is an evolutionary approach that relies on use of proven KSNP design concepts and proven components to get high confidence in design itself and thus to make use of earned credits in safety and performance. Furthermore, advanced features and design improvements are implemented to provide additional benefits. These features are to provide additional thermal margins; to better accommodate transients and reduce unnecessary challenges to the plant safety system; to mitigate severe accident conditions; to simplify structures and to improve operability. This paper describes the development approach of the APR1400, and introduces major design features including design improvements and advanced design features focusing on the nuclear steam supply system (NSSS).
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Kim, Yong Rae, Tae Young Choi, Sun Ho Shin, and Ki Bong Seong. "Experience of Xenon Oscillation During an Initial Physics Test of UCN Unit 5 in Korea." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25237.

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Initial core of Ulchin Nuclear Unit 3 (UCN3), which is one of earlier OPR1000 model, was 4 batches and designed as annual cycle after second cycle. The utility requested that UCN Unit 5 (UCN5), which is another of OPR1000 model, had capability of a longer cycle operation from second cycle. Therefore, KNF modified the number of batches from 4 to 3 for OPR1000 initial core, as well as, the number of burnable absorber, and the cutback length of the absorber. However, due to these changes, Xenon oscillation was slightly increased at 100% power during the physics test of UCN5, while that oscillation at 100% power in UCN3 had been gone down without any control rod motion. The xenon oscillation direction is related to axial stability index. The index of UCN3 increased from a slightly negative at BOC to positive at EOC, the index of UCN5 was positive even at BOC, which meant that the core does not go to be stable without the control rod motion. The core of UCN5 became the steady state by the insertion of control rods into the core. To meet the physics test condition, the oscillation was controlled by control rods immediately. After the happening, KNF optimized the cutback length of burnable absorber rods and applied to APR1400, which will keep being stable in xenon oscillation during physics test at the initial cycle.
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