Journal articles: 'Ultimate tensile strength (UTS)'

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Perondi, Paula Roberta, Pedro Henrique Cabral Oliveira, Alessandra Cassoni, André Figueiredo Reis, and José Augusto Rodrigues. "Ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of glass ionomer materials." Brazilian Dental Science 17, no. 1 (2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2014.v17i1.949.

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Objective: This study evaluated the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness (µKH) of conventional (CO) and hybrid resin-modified glass ionomer (RM). Material and methods: Nine specimens to UTS and twelve for µKHN of glass ionomer materials were obtained using special molds. The materials were manipulated and CO groups were allowed to self-cure for five minutes and RM were subjected to light-activation as indicated by manufactures through a glass slide. All specimens were dark-stored in 100% relative humidity for 24h. For UTS test, specimens were tested in tension in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed of 1 mm/min) until failure. For µKHN test a Knoop diamond indenter was used to make five indentations in the upper/light irradiated surface of the specimens. UTS and µKHN data were submitted to one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (α= 5%). Results: The results for UTS were: Ionomaster: 7.0 (±1.6)A; Maxxion R: 8.8 (±3.7)A Vidrion R: 8.8 (±3.9)A; ChemFil Rock: 10.7 (±4.6)AB; Vitremer: 13.1 (±3.3)BC; Vitrofil R: 14.9 (±7.8)CD; Ionoseal: 14.5 (±8.2)CD; Resiglass: 16.3 (±2.3)D. The results for µKH: Ionomaster: 24.3 (±6.6)B; Maxxion R: 17.7 (±4.7)A, Vidrion R: 31.0 (±9.4) B; ChemFil Rock: 31.1 (±8.5)B; Vitremer: 20.3 (±3.3)A; Vitrofil R: 16.5 (±5.1)A; Ionoseal: 13.1 (±8.5)A; Resiglass: 21.6 (±5.2)A. Conclusion: It was observed that the hybrid resin-modified ionomers generally have higher cohesive strength than conventional ones, but lower microhardness.

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Scales, Martin, Joel Anderson, Jeffrey A. Kornuta, Nathan Switzner, Ramon Gonzalez, and Peter Veloo. "Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030832.

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Federal rule changes governing natural gas pipelines have made non-destructive techniques, such as instrumented indentation testing (IIT), an attractive alternative to destructive tests for verifying properties of steel pipeline segments that lack traceable records. Ongoing work from Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s (PG&E) materials verification program indicates that IIT measurements may be enhanced by incorporating chemical composition data. This paper presents data from PG&E’s large-scale IIT program that demonstrates the predictive capabilities of IIT and chemical composition data, with particular emphasis given to differences between ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS). For this study, over 80 segments of line pipe were evaluated through tensile testing, IIT, and compositional testing by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and laboratory combustion. IIT measurements of UTS were, generally, in better agreement with destructive tensile data than YS and exhibited about half as much variability as YS measurements on the same sample. The root-mean squared error for IIT measurements of UTS and YS, respectively, were 27 MPa (3.9 ksi) and 43 MPa (6.2 ksi). Next, a machine learning model was trained to estimate YS and UTS by combining IIT with chemical composition data. The agreement between the model’s estimated UTS and tensile UTS values was only slightly better than the IIT-only measurements, with an RMSE of 21 MPa (3.1 ksi). However, the YS estimates showed much greater improvement with an improved RMSE of 27 MPa (3.9 ksi). The experimental, mechanical, and metallurgical factors that contributed to IIT’s ability to consistently determine destructive UTS, and the differences in its interaction with composition as compared to YS, are discussed herein.

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Liao, Xin Sheng, Xiao Dong Wang, Xu Fei Li, Zheng Hong Guo, and Yong Hua Rong. "Design and Characterization of Ultrahigh Strength Dual-Phase Steel with Low Ratio of Yield Strength/Ultimate Tensile Strength." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.728.

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An ultrahigh strength dual-phase (DP) steel with low ratio of yield strength/ultimate tensile strength (YS/UTS) was designed based on the simulation using JmatPro software so as to improve formability as well as to extend its application in automobile industry. Results show the DP steel suffered from water quenching (WQ) technology exhibits high ratio, 0.872, of YS/UTS, which loses the advantage of formability of DP steels and restricts its application in automobile industry. Therefore, the controlled slow-cooling rate (CSCR) technology is employed to this DP steel, and the low ratio, 0.458, of YS/UTS is obtained. Although the tensile strengths of the DP steel suffered from two kinds of technologies are over 1000 MPa, The YS of the DP steel with CSCR technology is 480 MPa and is much lower than 983MPa of the DP steel with WQ technology, which are attributed to relative large grains and small volume fraction of martensite in the former based on the characterization of microstructure by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and electron backscattering diffraction.

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Soares, C. J., C. G. Castro, N. A. Neiva, et al. "Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Ultimate Tensile Strength of Enamel and Dentin." Journal of Dental Research 89, no. 2 (2009): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034509351251.

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The effect of gamma irradiation therapy on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of enamel and dentin in relation to prism orientation, dentin tubule orientation, and location is unknown. It was hypothesized that tubule and prism orientation, location, and irradiation have an effect on the UTS of dental structures. Forty human third molars were used, half of which were subjected to 60 Gy of gamma irradiation, in daily increments of 2 Gy. The specimens were evaluated by microtensile testing. Results showed that irradiation treatment significantly decreased the UTS of coronal and radicular dentin and of enamel, regardless of tubule or prism orientation. With or without irradiation, enamel was significantly stronger when tested parallel to its prismatic orientation. Coronal and radicular dentin of non-irradiated specimens presented significantly higher UTS when tested perpendicularly to tubule orientation. However, when the teeth were irradiated, the influence of tubule orientation disappeared, demonstrating that irradiation is more harmful to organic components.

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Kiter, Riyah Najim, and Hussam Jumma Chalob. "Friction Stir welding and Friction Stir Processing for 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Journal of Advanced Sciences and Engineering Technologies 2, no. 1 (2021): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/jaset.02.01.04.

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    6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy plates were welded by using Friction Stir Welding (FSW) at different rotation and welding speeds. The effects of two factors on Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), which include rotation and welding speed at 2o tool tilt angle, were investigated. Ultimate Tensile strength increases with decrease the welding speeds and increases the rotational speeds. The rotation speeds have a higher effect on ultimate tensile strength when compared with the welding speeds. Friction Stir Processing (FSP, Double pass) led to increasing the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at same welding and rotation speeds. FSP lead to improve fatigue life and reduce residual stress.   

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Mohd-Lair, Noor Ajian, Yuselley Yuyut, Zabidi Ahmad, and Abdullah Mohd Tahir. "SMAW: The Effects of Currents and Welding Rod Diameters on Welded Joint Ultimate Tensile Strength Using the Full Factorial DOE." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (2021): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012071.

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Abstract This research was significant as it extensively studies the effects of current and rod diameter on SMAW welded join. The Mild Steel (AISI 1018) was used as the base material to be welded using the E-6013 welding rod. The experiment was constructed according to the full factorial design of experiment (DOE). This project found that the current and rod diameter are the significant factors in affecting the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). New contribution from this research was that the rod diameter is more significant than the current in affecting the UTS of a welded joint. In addition, this research also contributed new finding by showing that the interaction between current and rod diameter as significant in affecting the UTS. This interaction was also found to be more significant that current but less significant than rod diameter in affecting the UTS of welded joint. In addition, this research showed that the tensile strength increases when the current is increased from 80A to 100A. However, the tensile strength decreased as the current is set between 110A to 130A. At the same time, the welding rod diameter of 2.5mm produced the highest tensile strength compared to 3.2mm and 4.0mm rod diameter. This research also optimised the experiment and found that the highest tensile strength obtained is 342.39 MPa, which is produced using 80A of welding current with 2.5mm rod diameter.

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Li, Shao Lin, Le Hua Qi, Ji Ming Zhou, Ting Zhang, and Kai Yuan Dong. "Failure Behaviors of 2D-C_f/Mg Composites Fabricated by Liquid-Solid Extrusion Following Vacuum Pressure Infiltration." Solid State Phenomena 256 (September 2016): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.256.216.

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Liquid-solid extrusion following vacuum pressure infiltration technique (LSEVI), which integrates melting, pouring, infiltration, and liquid-solid forming under high infiltration pressure, is a promising technique for the fabrication of metal matrix composite. LSEVI technology combines the advantages of both squeeze casting and gas pressure infiltration method. In this study, 2D carbon fiber reinforced AZ91D matrix composites (2D-Cf/Mg composites) were fabricated by LSEVI. Pyrolytic carbon (PyC) coating was deposited on surface of T700 carbon fiber by chemically vapour deposited (CVD) before fabrication. SEM observation indicated that the composites were well fabricated by LSEVI. The ultimate tensile strength of 2D-Cf/Mg composites fabricated by LSEVI was 390-410 MPa. Two kinds of failure behavior were found during tensile test: abrupt failure and progressive failure. The abrupt failure was characterized by a complete failure after the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was reached. The progressive failure was a unique failure behavior with gradual damage after the UTS. In the case of progressive failure, the remaining strength after the UTS was 79% of the UTS. There was a remaining strength of 200 MPa under the strain of 0.1. Fracture surface morphology indicated that the remaining strength was attributed to the gradual breakage of the fiber bundles.

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Nayif, Maan M. "Ultimate tensile strength of total and self-etch adhesives: Effect of light irradiation distance." Journal of Oral Research S, no. 1 (2019): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2019.091.

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Objective: To evaluate the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of total and self- etch adhesives irradiated at different distances. Materials and Methods: Sixty cylindrical specimens of 0.78mm diameter and 10 mm length were prepared of two types of adhesive systems total etch Excite DSC (EX – Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and one-step self-etch Clearfil S3 Bond (S3, Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Specimens of each adhesive were divided into three groups according to the light irradiation distance (0, 2, 4mm) (n=10). Each specimen was attached to universal testing machine (Digital Force Gauge, IMADA CO., LTD, Japan) and loaded at cross head speed of 1mm/min until failure. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Independent Student t-test at p< 0.05. Results: Mean UTS for total etch (24.63, 18.19, 17.26 Mpa) and for self-etch (12.68, 8.53, 7.58Mpa) at (0, 2, 4mm) distances. Specimens irradiated directly show significantly the highest UTS while those irradiated at 4mm show the lowest values (p<0.05). Excite DSC total etch adhesive have higher UTS than Clearfil S3 self-etch adhesive regardless of irradiation distance (p<0.05).Conclusions: The UTS of the evaluated adhesives was light irradiation distance and adhesive system dependant.

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Adeeb, Samer M., Michelle L. Zec, Gail M. Thornton, Cyril B. Frank, and Nigel G. Shrive. "A Novel Application of the Principles of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) to the Fatigue Behavior of Tendon Tissue." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 126, no. 5 (2004): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1800556.

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Background: Experiments on the fatigue of tendons have shown that cyclic loading induces failure at stresses lower than the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the tendons. The number of cycles to failure Nf has been shown to be dependent upon the magnitude of the applied cyclic stress. Method of approach: Utilizing data collected by Schechtman (1995), we demonstrate that the principles of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) can be used to predict the fatigue behavior of tendons under cyclic loading for maximum stress levels that are higher than 10% of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the tendon (the experimental results at 10% UTS did not fit with our equations). Conclusions: LEFM and other FM approaches may prove to be very valuable in advancing our understanding of damage accumulation in soft connective tissues.

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Pacyna, J., R. Dabrowski, E. Rozniata, A. Kokosza, and R. Dziurka. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel after Dynamic Cold Working Deformation/ Wpływ Dynamicznego Odkształcenia Plastycznego Na Zimno Na Mikrostrukturę I Własności Stali Konstrukcyjnej." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 4 (2014): 1699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0287.

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Abstract The results of the selected mechanical properties i.e. ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield stress (YS), elongation (EL), reduction of area (RA), hardness (HV) and impact strength (KCV) of the common, S235JR grade steel, are presented in the paper. A strong relationship between the above mentioned properties and cooling rates after hot rolling of rods, made of this steel, was found. Additionally, the possibility of further enhancing of mechanical properties (UTS and YS) by the controlled, dynamic cold working, was shown. The use of such deformation, through changes in the microstructure allows for the upper yield stress (YS) increase - app. 10% and ultimate tensile strength UTS - app. 5%. Simultaneously, very high indicators of plasticity (EL, RA) and impact strength (KCV) are retained, as they were immediately after the rolling. The possibility of improving the mechanical properties of rods made of this steel grade has a great technological and commercial importance for its manufacturers, as well as for their final users.

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Fu, C. C., C. M. Chung, L. J. Chang, C. F. Chang, and Jason S. C. Jang. "Dependence of Strain Rate and Environment on the Mechanical Properties of the Ni-19Si-3Nb-1Cr-0.2B Intermetallic Alloy at High Temperature." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.419.

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The results of atmosphere-controlled tensile test in various conditions (with different strain rate at different temperature under vacuum, air, or water vapor atmosphere) revealed that the addition of boron and chromium would improve the elongation as well as ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the Ni-19Si-3Nb based alloys over a wide range of temperature under air and water vapor atmosphere. The UTS and elongation can reach to 1270 MPa and 14%, respectively at 873K in each kind of atmosphere. On contrary, the alloy without boron addition only presents ductile mechanical behavior in vacuum. This is evident that boron and Cr elements present positive effect on suppressing the environmental embrittlement in air and water vapor atmosphere from room temperature to 1073 K for the Ni-19Si-3Nb base alloy. In addition, both of UTS and elongation present quite insensitive on the strain rate when test at the temperature below 973 K. However, the UTS exhibits very dependent on the strain rate when test temperature above 973 K, decreasing the ultimate tensile strength with decreasing strain rate.

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Paramsothy, Muralidharan, Jimmy Chan, Richard Kwok, and Manoj Gupta. "TiC Nanoparticle Addition to Enhance the Mechanical Response of Hybrid Magnesium Alloy." Journal of Nanotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/401574.

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A hybrid magnesium alloy nanocomposite containing TiC nanoparticle reinforcement was fabricated using solidification processing followed by hot extrusion. The nanocomposite exhibited similar grain size to the monolithic hybrid alloy, reasonable TiC nanoparticle distribution, nondominant (0 0 0 2) texture in the longitudinal direction, and 16% higher hardness than the monolithic hybrid alloy. Compared to the monolithic hybrid alloy, the nanocomposite simultaneously exhibited higher tensile yield strength (0.2% TYS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), failure strain, and work of fracture (WOF) (+14%, +7%, +81%, and +92%, resp.). Compared to the monolithic hybrid alloy, the nanocomposite exhibited lower compressive yield strength (0.2% CYS) and higher ultimate compressive strength (UCS), failure strain, and WOF (–11%, +7%, +4%, and +15%, resp.). The advantageous effects of TiC nanoparticle addition on the enhancement of tensile and compressive properties of the hybrid magnesium alloy are investigated in this paper.

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Zhou, Jun Xiang, Mohsen Masoumi, and Henry Hu. "Effect of Ca Contents on Tensile Properties of Squeeze Cast Mg-Al-Ca Alloys." Materials Science Forum 859 (May 2016): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.859.111.

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In this study, the effect of calcium contents on tensile properties of squeeze cast Mg-Al-Ca alloys at room temperature was investigated. The results show that as the calcium content of AMC50X increases from 0 to 4 wt.%, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation-to-failure (Ef) decrease dramatically at room temperature. But, the yield strengths (YS) of the alloys improve slightly.

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Bonatti, Rodrigo S., João F. Q. Rodrigues, Leandro C. Peixoto, Rodrigo F. G. Baldo, Ausdinir D. Bortolozo, and Wislei R. Osório. "Anisotropic Tensile and Compressive Strengths of Al-4wt.%Cu Alloy Powder: Part 2—Effect of Dendritic Arm Spacings." Metals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13071282.

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This investigation focuses on the effects of the compaction directions (i.e., transversal and longitudinal) and microstructural arrays (inside the powder utilized to constitute the specimens) on the anisotropic strengths. The initial powders are obtained from the as-cast Al-4 wt.% Cu alloys solidified in two distinct cooling rates, i.e., ~0.5 and 2.5 °C/s. The powder particles are compacted by using 300, 400 and 600 MPa and sintered at 540 °C for 1 h. The compressive and tensile strengths are carried out and the anisotropic strengths are determined. It is found that transverse samples exhibit higher UCS (ultimate compressive strength) and UTS (ultimate tensile strength) than the longitudinal samples. It is also found that the powder compacted in the transversal direction and utilizing powder with finer dendritic arm spacing provides better UCS and UTS results. The novelty in the study concerns the fact that is evidenced in the role of the dendrite spacings concatenated with the compaction pressure and direction upon the mechanical behavior. It is concluded that depending on the compaction level intended or demanded mechanical behavior, the planning in the compaction direction is preprogrammed. Since recycled powder particles from conventional machining, drilling and turning can potentially be utilized to constitute parts and components, the environmentally friendly aspects are associated, and hazardous stages in a manufacturing process are substantially reduced or eliminated.

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Chiaranai, Somphop, Rapeepan Pitakaso, Kanchana Sethanan, Monika Kosacka-Olejnik, Thanatkij Srichok, and Peerawat Chokanat. "Ensemble Deep Learning Ultimate Tensile Strength Classification Model for Weld Seam of Asymmetric Friction Stir Welding." Processes 11, no. 2 (2023): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020434.

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Friction stir welding is a material processing technique used to combine dissimilar and similar materials. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is one of the most common objectives of welding, especially friction stir welding (FSW). Typically, destructive testing is utilized to measure the UTS of a welded seam. Testing for the UTS of a weld seam typically involves cutting the specimen and utilizing a machine capable of testing for UTS. In this study, an ensemble deep learning model was developed to classify the UTS of the FSW weld seam. Consequently, the model could classify the quality of the weld seam in relation to its UTS using only an image of the weld seam. Five distinct convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were employed to form the heterogeneous ensemble deep learning model in the proposed model. In addition, image segmentation, image augmentation, and an efficient decision fusion approach were implemented in the proposed model. To test the model, 1664 pictures of weld seams were created and tested using the model. The weld seam UTS quality was divided into three categories: below 70% (low quality), 70–85% (moderate quality), and above 85% (high quality) of the base material. AA5083 and AA5061 were the base materials used for this study. The computational results demonstrate that the accuracy of the suggested model is 96.23%, which is 0.35% to 8.91% greater than the accuracy of the literature’s most advanced CNN model.

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Paramsothy, Muralidharan, Jimmy Chan, Richard Kwok, and Manoj Gupta. "The Overall Effects of AlN Nanoparticle Addition to Hybrid Magnesium Alloy AZ91/ZK60A." Journal of Nanotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/687306.

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A hybrid magnesium alloy nanocomposite containing AlN nanoparticle reinforcement was fabricated using solidification processing followed by hot extrusion. The nanocomposite exhibited similar grain size to the monolithic hybrid alloy, reasonable AlN and intermetallic nanoparticle distribution, nondominant(0 0 0 2)texture in the longitudinal direction, and 17% higher hardness than the monolithic hybrid alloy. Compared to the monolithic hybrid alloy, the nanocomposite exhibited higher tensile yield strength (0.2% TYS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) without significant compromise in failure strain and energy absorbed until fracture (EA) (+5%, +5%, −14% and −10%, resp.). Compared to the monolithic hybrid alloy, the nanocomposite exhibited unchanged compressive yield strength (0.2% CYS) and higher ultimate compressive strength (UCS), failure strain, and EA (+1%, +6%, +24%, and +6%, resp.). The overall effects of AlN nanoparticle addition on the tensile and compressive properties of the hybrid magnesium alloy is investigated in this paper.

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Rao Cheepurupalli, N., M. Thirunavukkarasu, Gunamgari Bharath Reddy, Ram Subbu, Dharavath Baloji, and Muntather M. Hassan. "Analysis of the stir casting parameters of AI 6000 series composites using TOPSIS method." E3S Web of Conferences 552 (2024): 01087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455201087.

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This research focuses on the impact of stir casting variables namely, Stir speed, Melt temperature, Percent of reinforcement and Stir time on two characteristics namely Ultimate tensile strength and wear rate of Al 6063/TiB2/Al2O3 hybrid composites using Taguchi method. It also aims at developing a multi-response optimization technique using Taguchi based TOPSIS. Through the experiments, it was found that the highest and the lowest value of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was in experiment 3 and 14 respectively. Likewise, the maximum and minimum wear rate (WTR) were noted down in the experiments 15 and 7, respectively. By using the TOPSIS method, the optimal solution for both UTS and WTR was identified to be the SD2 ‘ME3 PT4 SE1 set at 500 rpm, 800°C, 8 wt%, and 5 minutes. When the experiment was performed under these optimal conditions the tensile strength recorded were measured to be 229 MPa and wear rate of 0. 00272 mm3/Nm.

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Namkaew, Suriya, Jirapan Srimaneerat, and Suriya Prasomthong. "OPTIMIZATION OF DISSIMILAR WELDING PROCESSES BETWEEN Ti-4V-6Al TITANIUM ALLOYS WITH SS304 STAINLESS STEEL BY GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PROCESS." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 15, no. 2 (2023): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.2.161.

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This study investigated the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of dissimilar welding processes between Ti-4V-6Al titanium alloys with SS304 stainless steel by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The intermetallic compounds of the welds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, and the Taguchi method was used in the experimental design. The welding process parameters are welding current (A), welding speeds (B), and Wire feeds (C). ANOVA analysed the S/N ratio of ultimate tensile strength to determine the optimal parameters for statistically significant factors. Analyse for process parameters on the response and the level of the indispensability factor, as well as predict and regression model for optimal tensile strength. The investigation revealed that the optimum parameters were A1B2C2, and the ultimate tensile strength was 285MPa. The ANOVA analysis found that welding current and welding speeds had significance on the ultimate tensile strength of the workpiece at a 95% confidence level. The investigation of intermetallic compounds of the welds with X-ray diffraction technical found that increased welding current tended to cause Ti3Cu and Fe4Cu3 compounds and affected the tensile strength of the weld to decrease.

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Thilagham, Kancheepuram Thirumal, Lekshmy Premachandran Ladha, Anand Prakash Tiwary, Munde Kashinath Haribhau, Darade Pradipkumar Dudhajirao, and Shailseh Ranjan Kumar. "Developing a mathematical model for predicting ultimate tensile strength to identify optimal machining parameters." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 6 (2024): 7116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i6.pp7116-7125.

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Identifying the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for friction stir welded joints between AA6082-T6 and AA2014-T87 is crucial for ensuring material compatibility, optimizing welding parameters, and assessing mechanical performance. This information helps engineers design safer, more reliable structures and optimize the welding process, improving the utilization of these aluminum alloys in high-performance applications. Traditional methods for identifying UTS face challenges such as material variability, precise experimental setup, the influence of welding parameters, and are time-consuming and costly. This research aims to develop a mathematical model capable of identifying the UTS based on given inputs, specifically optimal tilt angle, travel speed, and rotational speed. The developed model is further utilized to identify the optimal machining parameters. Processing this manually or through trial and error is time-consuming and complex, highlighting the need to incorporate optimization techniques to determine the optimal parameters efficiently. This research involves several optimization techniques, among which the evolved wild horse optimization (EWHO) performs better, achieving a mean square error of 0.45. This is superior performance compared to other optimization techniques and employed prediction models. This approach saves time, reduces complexity, and enhances precision compared to manual or trial-and-error methods, ultimately improving the efficiency and reliability of material processing.

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Fourlakidis, Vasilios, Vasile Lucian Diaconu, and Attila Diószegi. "Effects of Carbon Content on the Ultimate Tensile Strength in Gray Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 649 (May 2010): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.649.511.

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This paper investigates the effect of different carbon contents and cooling rates on gray iron tensile properties as well on the formation of different microstructure features. Four heats with increasing amount of carbon were cast. Every heat constituted of three cylinders, each of them surrounded by different materials which provided a wide range of solidification rates. The casting specimens were subjected to tensile test measurements and to microstructure examination. The results indicate a clear correlation between cooling rates, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), carbon content and eutectic cell size. Microscopic analysis shows also a relation between the primary phase’s fraction and the number of the eutectic cells.

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Wang, Ling, Su Gui Tian, Keun Yong Sohn, and Kyung Hyun Kim. "Influence of Additions Sb on Mechanical Properties and Deformation Features of AZ31-Mg Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.497.

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The mechanical properties and deformation features of AZ31-x%Sb alloys have been studied by means of the measurement of the ultimate tensile properties (UTS) and TEM observation. Results show that the UTS of AZ31 alloy is effectively enhanced to 297 MPa from 222 MPa, by additions of 0.84% Sb element, at room temperature, and the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy is still maintained up to 189MPa as temperature elevated to 200°C. Contrast analysis shows that the deformation mechanisms of AZ31-0.84%Sb alloy are twins and dislocations activated on basal and non-basal planes. The alloy displays the different deformation features at different deformation conditions.

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Msebawi, Muntadher S., Jayaprakash Murugesan, Shazarel Shamsudin, et al. "Strength Performance of Micro Alumina Reinforced Direct Recycled AA6061 Chips Based Matrix Composite." Materials Science Forum 961 (July 2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.961.73.

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Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) becomes a primary concern in direct recycling of metal chips. This study investigates the influences of preheating temperature, preheating time and volume fraction of alumina on the tensile strength performance. The parameters of temperature, time and volume fraction of micro alumina were varied between 450 - 550 oC, 1 - 3 hours and 5 - 15% respectively. The full factorial design with center point analysis was employed to analyse the effect of process variables on the response. A total of 19 experimental runs were performed through the hot extrusion operation. The preheating temperature and volume fraction were identified as the key variables affecting the UTS. An optimum UTS was obtained for the profile extruded at 550 oC, 3 hours duration and 5% volume fraction of alumina.

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Okiy, Stanley. "Evaluation of Welding Parameters on Tensile Strength and Hardness of AISI 1018 Low Carbon Steel Plate Welded Joints." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 9, no. 12 (2024): 523–28. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2024.v09i12.001.

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This work explores the optimum tensile strength and hardness of AISI 1018 low carbon steel plate welded joint using an E7018 electrode. The effect of metal metal arc welding process parameters namely; welding current and welding travel speed on AISI 1018 low carbon steel samples. The optimum performance of weld joints has been assessed based on the ultimate tensile strength and hardness of welded joints considering the welding current and travel speed variation. Taguchi-based L4 orthogonal array has been considered for the design of the experiment. The welding parameters on Tensile strength and Hardness of AISI 1018 low carbon steel plate welded joints were evaluated. The results show that there was no significant effect in current variation from 80A to 100A on the Ultimate Tensile strength and hardness of AISI 1018 low carbon steel plate with an average UTS and hardness of 434MPa and 122, respectively. However, it seemed that the welding travel speed of 20 to 21 mm/s, slightly affected the ultimate tensile strength and the hardness. Scholars Middle East Publishers

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Wang, Lei, Toshiro Kobayashi, and Chun Ming Liu. "Tensile Properties and Fracture Behavior of SiCp/AC4CH Composite at Loading Velocities of up to 10m/s." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.305.

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Tensile test at loading velocities up to 10 m·s-1(strain rate up to 3.2x102s-1) was carried out forr SiCp/AC4CH composite and AC4CH alloy. The microstructure of the composite before and after tensile deformation was carefully examined with both optical microscope and SEM. The experimental results demonstrated that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increase with increasing loading velocity up to 10 m·s-1. Comparing with AC4CH alloy, the fracture elongation of the composite is sensitivity with the increasing strain rate. The YS of both the composite and AC4CH alloy shows more sensitive than that of the UTS with the increasing strain rate, especially in the range of strain rate higher than 102s-1.

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Haider, Feroz, Mirza Jahanzaib, and Muhammad Waqas Hanif. "Optimizing the process parameters of Fiction Stir Welded dissimilar 2024Al-5754Al Joint using the Taguchi Method." MATEC Web of Conferences 381 (2023): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338102006.

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It is a requirement of modern age industries, especially the aerospace, automobile, and shipbuilding sectors, to manufacture high strength and low weight dissimilar aluminium alloy welded joints. Therefore, the aim of this project is to investigate the effect of tool rotation speed, feed rate, and pin type on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of dissimilar aluminium alloys (2024 Al and 5754 Al) in friction stir welded joints. Nine experiments have been performed using an orthogonal array (L9) of the Taguchi method. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) established that pin type is the most prominent parameter, followed by tool rotation speed and feed rate. The optimal value of ultimate tensile strength (268 MPa) was achieved at 1.5 mm/s feed rate, 1600 rpm speed, and type 1 of pin. A confirmation test shows that there is a high correlation between the estimated and actual values of UTS.

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Nishitani, Y., M. Yoshiyama, F. R. Tay, et al. "Tensile Strength of Mineralized/Demineralized Human Normal and Carious Dentin." Journal of Dental Research 84, no. 11 (2005): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910508401121.

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The bond strengths of resins to caries-affected dentin are low. This could be due to weakened organic matrix. The purpose of this work was to determine if the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of excavated carious dentin is weaker than that of normal dentin. Soft caries was excavated from extracted human molars, and the tooth was vertically sectioned into slabs. Each slab was trimmed to an hourglass shape, parallel or perpendicular to the tubule direction. Half of the specimens were mineralized, while the other half were completely demineralized in EDTA. ANOVA on ranks showed that the three-factor interactions (mineralization, caries, tubule direction) were all significant (p < 0.0001), indicating that mineralization and tubule direction gave different UTS results in normal and caries-affected dentin. No significant differences were seen between the UTS of normal and and that of caries-affected demineralized dentin in the parallel or perpendicular group. The matrix of demineralized caries-affected dentin was as strong as that of normal demineralized dentin when tested in the same direction.

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Manasi, V. Magdum, B.T. Salokhe Dr., and A.S. Mali Prof. "Tensile Strength Measurement for Foundry Sand Brick." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 40–42. https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.8.4.3.

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Tensile strength is an important concept in engineering, especially in the fields of material science, mechanical engineering and structural Engineering. The tensile strength of a material is the maximum amount of tensile stress that can be applied to it before it ceases to be elastic. If more force is applied the material will become plastic or even break. Passed the elastic limit, the material will not relax to its initial shape after the force is removed. See Hooke's Law and Modulus of elasticity. The tensile strength where the material becomes plastic is called yield tensile strength. This is the point where the deformation (strain) of the material is unrecovered, and the work produced by external forces is not stored as elastic energy but will lead to contraction, cracks and ultimately failure of the construction. Clearly, this is a remarkable point for the engineering properties of the material since here the construction may lose its loading capacity or undergo large deformations. On the stress-strain curve below this point is in between the elastic and the plastic region. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of a material is the limit stress at which the material actually breaks, with sudden release of the stored elastic energy. Tensile strength is measured in units of force per unit area. In the SI system, the unit is Newton per square meter (N/m² or Pa - Pascal). The U.S customary unit is pounds per square inch (or PSI).

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Gómez-Parra, Álvaro, Francisco Javier Puerta, Edwing Isaac Rosales, Daniel García-Jurado, José Manuel Mainé, and Mariano Marcos Bárcena. "Influence of the Dry Turning Parameters on the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of UNS A92024 Samples." Materials Science Forum 797 (June 2014): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.797.65.

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The influence of the forming process in the response into service of the manufactured workpieces, in the first instance, through the surface integrity can be evaluated. The concept of surface integrity includes the assessment of geometrical aspects like shape and dimensions, and physicochemical properties like hardness and corrosion resistance. This work reports on the results of a study of the influence of the turning parameters on the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of turned bars of UNS A92024 Aluminium-Copper alloy.

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Mahmood, Shahrain, A. J. Qureshi, Kheng Lim Goh, and Didier Talamona. "Tensile strength of partially filled FFF printed parts: experimental results." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 1 (2017): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2015-0115.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the effect of changes of a comprehensive list of process parameters on part scalability and tensile strength of fused filament fabrication (FFF) printed parts. A number of parameters hitherto not studied such as cross-sectional area and its interaction with number of shells and infill density are presented and studied. Design/methodology/approach From a preliminary investigation, results have shown that varying the process parameters affects the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of a FFF printed component, with component scale and number of shells as the two most significant parameters affecting the UTS. A further investigation based on the interactions of four process parameters, specimen width, b, specimen thickness, h, number of shells, n, and infill density, i, and their effects on the UTS was performed. Taguchi’s design of experiment was used to develop an experimental plan in this investigation. Specimens were printed and tested for their tensile strength until fracture and the results analyzed. Findings Results obtained support an inverse relationship between part scalability, change in cross-sectional area and the UTS of a FFF printed part. The UTS results were calculated in line with conventional method based on the gross cross-sectional area of A = (b × h). Originality/value The paper investigates the effect of part scalability on the UTS of FFF printed parts and evaluates the conventional method of calculating material tensile strength of FFF printed parts using the gross cross-sectional area of A = (b × h). The results of this findings show that the conventional method cannot be used as FFF printed parts consists of partially filled parts and not a solid component.

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30

Murashkin, Maxim Yu, M. V. Markushev, Julia Ivanisenko, and Ruslan Valiev. "Strength of Commercial Aluminum Alloys after Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Post-ECAP Processing." Solid State Phenomena 114 (July 2006): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.114.91.

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The effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), further heat treatment and rolling on the structure and room temperature mechanical properties of the commercial aluminum alloys 6061 (Al-0.9Mg-0.7Si) and 1560 (Al-6.5Mg-0.6Mn) were investigated. It has been shown that the strength of the alloys after ECAP is higher than that achieved after conventional processing. Prior ECAP solution treatment and post-ECAP ageing can additionally increase the strength of the 6061 alloy. Under optimal ageing conditions a yield strength (YS) of 434 MPa and am ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 470 MPa were obtained for the alloy. Additional cold rolling leads to a YS and UTS of 475 and 500 MPa with 8% elongation. It was found that the post-ECAP isothermal rolling of the 1560 alloy resulted in the formation of a nano-fibred structure and a tensile strength (YS = 540 MPa and UTS = 635 MPa) that has never previously been observed in commercial non-heat treatable alloys.

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Shin, Jong-Ho, Jeon-Young Song, and Young-Wha Ma. "Effects of Annealing Temperature on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties in Cold-Rolled High-Nitrogen Austenitic Steel." Metals 14, no. 4 (2024): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14040389.

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High-nitrogen austenitic steel (HNS) cold-rolled with a reduction rate of 25% was subjected to an investigation of the effect of annealing temperature on microstructural evolution, tensile properties and the variation in fracture surface morphology. In cold-rolled HNS, matrix recovery occurred at an annealing temperature of 600 °C, and recrystallization was locally initiated at an annealing temperature of 800 °C. The 0.2% offset yield strength (0.2% YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were almost constant up to an annealing temperature of 500 °C, and these values gradually decreased above the annealing temperature of 600 °C, while a sharp reduction in the percentage reduction in area (RA) occurred at the annealing temperatures of 600 and 700 °C due to Cr2N precipitation along the grain and twin boundaries. The ratio of 0.2% offset yield strength to ultimate tensile strength (0.2% YS/UTS) remained constant until matrix recovery took place; however, once recrystallization occurred, the ratio decreased significantly. Furthermore, the variation in the morphology of Cr2N along the grain boundaries in the annealing temperature range from 600 to 800 °C influenced the intergranular fracture morphology, resulting in a transition from dimple to ledge and back to dimple.

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Al-Qawabah, Safwan M., Adnan I. O. Zaid, and Nabeel Alshabatat. "Effect of 4% Cu Addition to Commercially Pure Aluminum Grain Refined by 0.15% V on its Ductility and Surface Roughness." Materials Science Forum 887 (March 2017): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.887.116.

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In this paper, the effect of addition of 4%wt. copper to commercially pure aluminum grain refined by 0.15% vanadium on its grain size, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, UTS, ductility and surface roughness is investigated. It is found that when they are added individually or together causes pronounced reduction in grain size, i.e., effective refiners. Similarly, they increase its hardness and ultimate tensile strength but reduce its ductility. Regarding their effect on the surface quality, they enhance the surface quality if added individually. However, they reduce it if added together, i.e. they increase its surface roughness.

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33

Al-Alkawi, Hussain J. M., Ghgada A. Aziz, and Shmoos R. Mazel. "Effect of Oil – Corrosion on Tensile and Fatigue S-N Curve Properties of AA6061-T6." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 3A (2021): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i3a.298.

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The present study described the effect of shot peening on mechanical properties and rotating corrosion –fatigue behavior (strength and life) of AA6061-T6. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield stress (YS) were reduced by 4.6% and 1.24% when immersing the tensile samples in crude oil for 60 days. The values of (UTS) and (YS) were raised from 307 to 316 MPa and from 248 to 254 MPa respectively when treated for 10 min. shot peening (SP). Hardness of oil corrosion samples dropped due to pitting corrosion and slightly raised for SP prior to corrosion samples. Oil corrosion reduced the fatigue strength by (-1.25%). This percentage was enhanced due to SP to 2.377%. SP significantly increased the rotating fatigue life by a factor of 1.19 and 1.3 at (UTS) and (Ys) loads respectively. (SP) technique improved corrosion-fatigue resistance due to producing compressive residual stresses at surface layers.

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34

Chaishome, Jedsada, and Satip Rattanapaskorn. "The Influence of Alkaline Treatment of Plant Fibres on Tensile Properties of Single Fibres and Composites." Materials Science Forum 894 (March 2017): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.894.46.

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The hypothesis pursued in this work is that by removing hemicellulose and pectin from plant fibres by alkaline treatment, the fibre tensile performance could be improved. Flax fibres were examined as reinforcement. The highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) resulted for fibre treated with 3% by weight of NaOH solution (up to 12% increase in UTS and 18% increase in Young’s modulus, compared to untreated fibres). A 15% reduction in cross-sectional area of the fibres was observed. Tensile performance of treated (a percentage of fibre volume fraction (Vf %) of 30%) and untreated (Vf % of 34%) fibre reinforced polypropylene composites manufactured by the vacuum forming process, were compared. A decrease of UTS and Young’s modulus of the treated material was observed with an increase in consolidation time. The UTS of the treated material was 3.82% lower than that of the untreated material.

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35

Fan, Bin, and Ji Wen Fan. "The Effects of Laser Shock Peening on the Heat Resistance Property of A356 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 675 (March 2013): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.675.213.

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Laser shocking peening (LSP) is a good way to improving mechanical properties. The influence of laser shock peeening on the high temperature mechanical properties were studied by investigating the thermal stability of residual compressive stress induced by LSP and high temperature tensile properties. The samples treated by LSP were placed in annealing oven and insulated for 60mins under 200°C. The high temperature tensile tests were did on the MTS machine, the temperatures were 250°C. The results showed that the compressive residual stress induced by LSP were only released 19.7%, the residual compressive stress still remained at a high level, about-125.45MPa; the results from the high temperature tensile tests shows LSP can improved the elevated temperature tensile strength, the ultimate tensile strength（UTS） of LSP was from 319.79MPa to 252.63MPa，decreased 21%, but the UTS of untreated by LSP was from 283MPa to 130.18MPa，released 46.1%.

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36

Permana, Andrian, and Mochammad Noer Ilman. "The Influence of Tool Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar AA5083-H112/AA6061-T6 Joints." G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan 8, no. 1 (2023): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33379/gtech.v8i1.3623.

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The relatively new and innovative welding technique known as friction stir welding (FSW) has found widespread application in the automotive, railway, and aircraft industries. Due to engineering and financial considerations, welding of dissimilar metals is frequently carried out in these industries. During the friction stir welding process, three tool rotational speeds—910, 1500, and 2280 rpm—were utilized, while the welding speed remained constant at 30 mm/min. Several experimental works, including fractography, tensile tests, and observations of the microstructure, were carried out following welding. Results showed that ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) expanded as the tool rotational speed was expanded and the best UTS and YS, typically 228 MPa and 156 MPa at the speed of 2280 rpm. The precipitation of AA6061-T6 in the stir zone (SZ) and the increased degree of mixing were linked to the improved weld strengths.

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37

Hu, Jonathan, and Xue Yuan Nie. "Effect of Nanostructured Oxide Coatings on Tensile Properties of Cast Pure Magnesium." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.18.

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In this work, nanostructured magnesium oxides were formed by PEO process on cast pure magnesium and the tensile properties of thin (5.8 μm) and thick (11.2 μm) coated samples were evaluated. The results obtained by uniaxial tensile testing show that the thin PEO coating had very little effect on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation of the cast pure magnesium, while its yield strength was somewhat decreased. For the thick coated sample, both the yield strength and UTS decreased considerably, but the variation of the elongation was moderate, compared to the uncoated sample. The microstructures characterized by SEM revealed that the high porosity content and the large size of pores in the thick PEO coating should be responsible for the significant reduction in the properties of cast pure magnesium. The relationship between the tensile properties and microstructure of the PEO coated samples suggests that the thin PEO coating should be selected to protect the pure magnesium for biodegradable applications.

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38

Yahya Nefawy, Mohamad, and Mahmoud Al Asad. "Effect of Artificial Aging Parametars on Tensile Strength and Microstructure of 7075 Aluminum Alloy." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث 8, no. 4 (2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/pturj.v8i4.96.

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In this research, we studied the effect of change in artificial aging time and temperature on tensile strength and Microstructure for 7075 aluminum alloy, Where samples of aluminum alloy 7075 were treated with artificial aging at different temperatures are 120 ° C, 160 ° C and 200 ° C for 0.5, 1.5, 3, 18, 48 hours. When the 7075 aluminum alloy was artificially aged in of 120 ° C and 160 ° C, the values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the alloy were higher than when it was aged in 200 ° C. By increasing of artificial aging time, the UTS of 7075 aluminum alloy increased, when the aging temperature was 120 ° C or 160 ° C, while the UTS decreased when the aging temperature was 200 ° C. This is due to changes in the microstructure, grain size, and precipitating phases such as MgZn2.

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39

Yahya Nefawy, Mohamad, and Mahmoud Al Asad. "Effect of Artificial Aging Parametars on Tensile Strength and Microstructure of 7075 Aluminum Alloy." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري للأبحاث 8, no. 4 (2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/ptukrj.v8i4.96.

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In this research, we studied the effect of change in artificial aging time and temperature on tensile strength and Microstructure for 7075 aluminum alloy, Where samples of aluminum alloy 7075 were treated with artificial aging at different temperatures are 120 ° C, 160 ° C and 200 ° C for 0.5, 1.5, 3, 18, 48 hours. When the 7075 aluminum alloy was artificially aged in of 120 ° C and 160 ° C, the values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the alloy were higher than when it was aged in 200 ° C. By increasing of artificial aging time, the UTS of 7075 aluminum alloy increased, when the aging temperature was 120 ° C or 160 ° C, while the UTS decreased when the aging temperature was 200 ° C. This is due to changes in the microstructure, grain size, and precipitating phases such as MgZn2.

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40

Chen, Cai, Rui Wang, Xing Hao Du, and Bao Lin Wu. "Improved Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Alloy Fabricated by Multi-Directional Forging." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.124.

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In this work, the tensile properties of AZ31 Mg alloy deformed by multi-directional forging (MDF) were investigated at room temperature. And the enhanced mechanical properties of yield strength of 93 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 253 MPa and elongation of 29% were achieved. It is discovered that the MDF deformation makes the crystallographic orientation of original as-cast microstructure randomization, providing the condition for the following twinning during tensile deformation. In addition, the original fine grains and continuously refined grains can enhance the strength by restricting the growth of grains and motion of dislocations.

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Chen, Xiao Ming, and R. G. Song. "Burnt Microstructure and Properties of 7003 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1454.

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The microstructure and properties of 7003 aluminum alloy with and without burning have been investigated by means of electronic tensile machine, optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the burning level of 7003 alloy increases while the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) for the alloy decrease with increasing the solution temperature. When the solution temperature is higher than 763 K, the UTS and YS for the alloy decline fast with wide-range. The remelting structure, namely burnt structure, appeared on the grain boundaries in 7003 aluminum alloy and then weaken grain boundary, hence resulting in the transition of fracture surfaces from transgranular fracture to intergranular fracture.

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42

Feng, Ai Han, Dao Lun Chen, and Zong Yi Ma. "Effect of Welding Parameters on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Friction Stir Welded 6061 AL Joints." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.41.

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The present investigation is aimed at evaluating the influence of tool rotation rate and welding speed on the microstructure, tensile properties, and fracture mode of 6061 Al-T651 alloy after friction stir welding (FSW). TEM results revealed that in the nugget zone (NZ), FSW resulted in the dissolution of fine needle-shaped precipitates that previously existed in the base metal. At a given rotation rate of 1400rpm, the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the welded joints increased with increasing welding speed from 200 to 600mm/min. However, the UTS of the joints was nearly independent of the rotation rate. Furthermore, the relationship between the hardness distribution and fracture location has also been identified.

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43

Prasad, Kali, Abrar Salam Ebrahim, Hariharan Krishnaswamy, Uday Chakkingal, and Dilip K. Banerjee. "Evaluation of hole expansion formability of high strength AA7075 alloy under varying temper conditions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1238, no. 1 (2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1238/1/012038.

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Abstract There has been a widespread increase in the use of aluminum alloys in automotive industries for meeting ever-growing light-weighting requirements. However, edge formability is a critical manufacturing challenge that restricts their widespread use. Edge formability of sheet metal is determined using a hole expansion test (HET) and is evaluated by the hole expansion ratio (HER). The present study investigates the effect of temper conditions on the edge formability of AA7075 alloy sheets. Hole expansion tests were conducted in different temper such as W-temper (super saturated solid solution followed by water quenching), under aged (UA), and peak aged (PA) conditions. Two different hole preparation techniques, a punching and a drilling process, were used to prepare samples with varying edge conditions. The results demonstrate that the W-temper has the highest edge formability irrespective of hole edge conditions. Researchers have reported that uniaxial stress state prevails at the hole edge during the HET. Consequently, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on for each temper condition and various tensile properties such as yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ratio of yield stress to ultimate tensile strength (YS/UTS) were determined to evaluate edge formability. Furthermore, microstructural and failure analysis of the failed specimens were performed to explain the deformation behavior during the HET.

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Putti, Venkata Siva Teja, S. Manikandan, and Kiran Kumar Ayyagari. "Effect of thermal cycling on mechanical and microstructural properties of heat-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy." Materials Research Express 9, no. 1 (2022): 016512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac487d.

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Abstract Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) is an α+β phase-field alloy utilized in many industries due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and near-net shaping capability. Solution treated & aging, and stress relief annealing processes were performed on the samples to increase the strength and % of elongation. The heat-treated samples then thermally cycled for 500 cycles, 1000 cycles, and 1500 cycles to evaluate the microhardness and tensile properties. The presence of martensite and α 2 precipitates in the thermally cycled samples was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). In this investigation, at 1000 thermal cycles, all specimens show improvement in both hardness and strength when compared within the cycles. Solution-treated and aging (STA), stress relief annealing (SRA), and without any heat-treatment (WHT) processes have their highest hardness values recorded for 1000 thermal cycles, and the values are 471 HV0.5, 381 HV0.5, and 374.6HV0.5, respectively. For the SRA process, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 925 MPa and yield strength (YS) of 896 MPa have resulted in 1000 cycles. Similarly, at 1000 thermal cycle WHT processed samples yielded UTS of 920 MPa and YS of 885 MPa. STA process samples that are heat-treated for 1000 thermal cycles have better strength properties than SRA and WHT and had a UTS of 1530MPa and YS of 1420MPa. From a ductility point of view, a maximum elongation of 29% for the STA process has resulted. Compared to forged titanium alloy (base metal), an increase of 31% elongation and 41% ultimate tensile strength for solution treated and aging process at 1000 cycles has resulted in this investigation.

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Povolyaeva, Elizaveta, Dmitry Shaysultanov, Ilya Astakhov, et al. "Mechanical Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Fe65(CoNi)25Cr9.5C0.5 Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting." Materials 16, no. 8 (2023): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083193.

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Specimens of a medium-entropy Fe65(CoNi)25Cr9.5C0.5 (in at.%) alloy were produced using additive manufacturing (selective laser melting, SLM). The selected parameters of SLM resulted in a very high density in the specimens with a residual porosity of less than 0.5%. The structure and mechanical behavior of the alloy were studied under tension at room and cryogenic temperatures. The microstructure of the alloy produced by SLM comprised an elongated substructure, inside which cells with a size of ~300 nm were observed. The as-produced alloy demonstrated high yield strength and ultimate tensile strength (YS = 680 MPa; UTS = 1800 MPa) along with good ductility (tensile elongation = 26%) at a cryogenic temperature (77 K) that was associated with the development of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. At room temperature, the TRIP effect was less pronounced. Consequently, the alloy demonstrated lower strain hardening and a YS/UTS of 560/640 MPa. The deformation mechanisms of the alloy are discussed.

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Lü, Shulin, Zhaoxiang Yan, Yu Pan, Jianyu Li, Shusen Wu, and Wei Guo. "Enhancement of Strength–Ductility Synergy of Al-Li Cast Alloy via New Forming Processes and Sc Addition." Materials 17, no. 7 (2024): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071558.

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In this study, concurrent enhancements in both strength and ductility of the Al-2Li-2Cu-0.5Mg-0.2Zr cast alloy (hereafter referred to as Al-Li) were achieved through an optimized forming process comprising ultrasonic treatment followed by squeeze casting, coupled with the incorporation of Sc. Initially, the variations in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Sc-free Al-Li cast alloy (i.e., alloy A) during various forming processes were investigated. The results revealed that the grain size in the UT+SC (ultrasonic treatment + squeeze casting) alloy was reduced by 76.3% and 57.7%, respectively, compared to those of the GC (gravity casting) or SC alloys. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in its compositional segregation and porosity reduction. After UT+SC, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation reached 235 MPa, 135 Mpa, and 15%, respectively, which were 113.6%, 28.6%, and 1150% higher than those of the GC alloy. Subsequently, the Al-Li cast alloy containing 0.2 wt.% Sc (referred to as alloy B) exhibited even finer grains under the UT+SC process, resulting in simultaneous enhancements in its UTS, YS, and elongation. Interestingly, the product of ultimate tensile strength and elongation (i.e., UTS × EL) for both alloys reached 36 GPa•% and 42 GPa•%, respectively, which is much higher than that of other Al-Li cast alloys reported in the available literature.

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Suksaeree, Jirapornchai, and Chaowalit Monton. "Applying Design of Experiments on the Mechanical Properties of Mefenamic Acid-Loaded Transdermal Films." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 10 (2023): 7065. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.7065.

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The Design-Expert® program version 11 was used to analyze and optimize the mechanical properties of mefenamic acid-loaded transdermal films. The dependent variables were ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation at break and folding endurance, whereas the independent variables were silicone rubber, mefenamic acid and dibutyl sebacate (DBS). While quadratic models predicted elongation at break and folding endurance more accurately, a linear model predicted the highest correlation relationship for UTS. The design of experiments (DOE) estimated that the optimal silicone rubber, mefenamic acid and DBS ratio would be 5.3:2.5:5.2. By demonstrating that the prediction value of the ratio was more than 4, the model was proved to be suitable for forecasting results inside the design space without the requirement for additional trials. Experimental values of UTS, elongation at break and folding endurance were 6.20 ± 0.50 MPa, 711.22 ± 102.00 % and 857 ± 64 folds, respectively. The percent error was determined to be 8.50, 6.70 and 9.28 %, respectively. The DOE successfully demonstrated a low percent error of prediction (less than 10 %) from the Design-Expert® approach, which was satisfactory and accepted for preparation in drug delivery systems. HIGHLIGHTS Transdermal film formulations containing mefenamic acid had been optimized and enhanced As polymer matrix and plasticizer, silicone rubber and dibutyl sebacate were utilized, respectively While quadratic models predicted more correctly elongation at break and folding endurance, a linear model predicted the greatest correlation relationship for ultimate tensile strength Ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break and folding endurance experimental values were 20 ± 0.50 MPa, 711.22 ± 102.00 % and 857 ± 64 folds, respectively Less than 10 % was successfully demonstrated, which was enough and acceptable GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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48

Kuddus, Suriyanti, Mohammad Sukri Mustapa, Mohd Rasidi Ibrahim, Shazarel Shamsudin, Muhammad Irfan Ab Kadir, and Mohd Amri Lajis. "Microstructures and Tensile Characteristics on Direct Recycled Aluminium Chips AA6061/Al Powder by Hot Pressing Method." Materials Science Forum 909 (November 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.909.9.

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This research aims to investigate the effect on tensile strength of the recycled chip AA6061 aluminium alloy metal by using powder metallurgy method. Material used is recycled aluminium Chip AA6061 and Al powder. The recycled AA6061 chips mixed together with various compositions of Al powder content were fabricated to form a specimen by hot compaction technique. The compaction using hot pressed at 30 tons with holding time of 60 minutes. The final product was analyzed by tensile test shown the specimen A5 have higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) 156.404 MPa and yield strength (YS) at 107.399 MPa. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was conducted to observe the microstructure of fracture surface existing on the tensile specimens.

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Irimescu, Raluca Elena, Doina Raducanu, Anna Nocivin, Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru, Vasile Danut Cojocaru, and Nicoleta Zarnescu-Ivan. "Optimizing Suitable Mechanical Properties for a Biocompatible Beta-Titanium Alloy by Combining Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment." Materials 17, no. 23 (2024): 5828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17235828.

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The microstructural and mechanical features were investigated for the alloy Ti-36.5Nb-4.5Zr-3Ta-0.16O (wt.%) subjected to thermo-mechanical processing consisting of a series of hot and cold rolling combined with solution treatments with particular parameters. The objective was to find the optimal thermo-mechanical treatment variant to improve the mechanical properties, and namely, to increase the yield tensile strength (YTS) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), with a low modulus of elasticity and with an adequate ductility in order to obtain a good biomaterial appropriate for use in hard tissue implants. X-ray diffraction and SEM microscopy served to investigate the microstructural features: the type of formed phases with their morphology, dimensions, and distribution. The experimental alloy presented mainly a β-phase with some α″-Ti martensitic phase in particular stages of the processing scheme. The main mechanical properties were found by applying a tensile test, from which were determined the yield tensile strength [MPa], the ultimate tensile strength [MPa], Young’s modulus of elasticity [GPa], and the elongation to fracture (%).

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Fangnon, Eric, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, Evgenii Malictki, Saara Mehtonen, Esa Virolainen, and Pedro Vilaça. "Determination of Critical Hydrogen Concentration and Its Effect on Mechanical Performance of 2200 MPa and 600 HBW Martensitic Ultra-High-Strength Steel." Metals 11, no. 6 (2021): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060984.

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The influence of hydrogen on the mechanical performance of a hot-rolled martensitic steel was studied by means of constant extension rate test (CERT) and constant load test (CLT) followed with thermal desorption spectroscopy measurements. The steel shows a reduction in tensile strength up to 25% of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at critical hydrogen concentrations determined to be about 1.1 wt.ppm and 50% of UTS at hydrogen concentrations of 2 wt.ppm. No further strength degradation was observed up to hydrogen concentrations of 4.8 wt.ppm. It was observed that the interplay between local hydrogen concentrations and local stress states, accompanied with the presence of total average hydrogen reducing the general plasticity of the specimen are responsible for the observed strength degradation of the steel at the critical concentrations of hydrogen. Under CLT, the steel does not show sensitivity to hydrogen at applied loads below 50% of UTS under continuous electrochemical hydrogen charging up to 85 h. Hydrogen enhanced creep rates during constant load increased linearly with increasing hydrogen concentration in the steel.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultimate tensile strength (UTS)'

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