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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultra-clean water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Bunnik, H. M. "Ultrapure Water in the Electronics Industry." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (1986): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0039.

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The production of integrated circuits needs an ultra pure water to prepare the acid cleaning and etching baths, to clean the matrices in order to stop the acidic action and to fill the cascade or overflow rinse tanks to remove the last traces of processing solutions. Etch, clean, flush and rinse steps are repeated many times for each matrix until the integrated circuit chip is ready. Impurities in the water can cause failures in the integrated circuit. The objective of this paper is to give an idea about the requirements for the ultra pure water used for the above mentioned applications and to

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2

Pennypacker, Sam, Michael Diamond, and Robert Wood. "Ultra-clean and smoky marine boundary layers frequently occur in the same season over the southeast Atlantic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 4 (2020): 2341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2341-2020.

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Abstract. We study 41 d with daily median surface accumulation mode aerosol particle concentrations below 50 cm−3 (ultra-clean conditions) observed at Ascension Island (ASI; 7.9∘ S, 14.4∘ W) between June 2016 and October 2017 as part of the Layered Atlantic Smoke Interactions with Clouds (LASIC) campaign. Interestingly, these days occur during a period of great relevance for aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions, the southeast Atlantic (SEATL) biomass-burning season (approximately June–October). That means that these critical months can feature both the highest surface aerosol numbers, from smo

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3

Ming, Ji, and Xu Jing. "Life Cycle Assessment of Ultra-clean Micronized Coal Oil Water Slurry." Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment 7, no. 2 (2009): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2009.10684930.

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4

Chen, Tao Ping, and Xian Xi Su. "Experimental Study of the Effect of Injection Different Kinds of Water on Extra Low Permeability Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 968 (June 2014): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.968.206.

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The experiment study effect of injection different kinds of water on extra low permeability reservoir of Yushulin Oilfield. In the condition of actual temperature and pressure of the reservoir, through the experimental study the effect of injection different kinds of water on extra low permeability core. Experiments include injecting clean water, injecting clean water with scale inhibitor, injecting traditional treated sewage, injecting deep treated sewage, injecting deep treated sewage with scale inhibitor. The experimental results show that: Long term injecting clean water and clean water wi

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Nishikawa, Naohiro, Takekazu Sawa, Yoshihiro Hagihara, et al. "Development of an Innovative Water Machining System Employing the Electric Rust Preventive Method - Precise Evaluation of Purity of the Refined Water with a Laser Turbidity Meter." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.293.

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Green manufacturing is important subject. In order to reduce waste disposal cost and environmental load, decreasing machining fluid that contains several chemicals such as oil, extreme pressure agent etc. is demanded. In this investigation, the electric rust preventive machining method system that uses only water as machining fluid have been developed. This paper mentioned about evaluation of recycled water quality. The refined water that is purified with developed water recycle system which is installed reverse osmosis membrane (RO) is too clean to evaluate by normal method till now. Using la

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6

Chai, Baoming. "RESEACH ON HIGH SPEED DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH ULTRA-CLEAN MICRONIZED COAL OIL WATER SLURRY." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 09 (2005): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2005.09.190.

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7

Hu, Jingling, Senlin Yang, Lu Zhong, Yingxin Yang, Xiaotu Hu, and Xueliang Xue. "Application of Cyclone Gas Cap Water Washing Device in Ultra Clean Discharge Treatment Technology of Exhaust Gas." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185304035.

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Exhaust gas treatment device of coal fired boiler has been upgraded with ultra clean discharge treatment technology, and the new cyclone gas cap washing device is applied in the second half of the desulfurzing tower systm.This new water scrubbing tray system is composed with water sprays, ceramic packing, cyclone gas cap and independent water tank, which is proven by field tests, has exceling effect on exhaust gas treatment, and can decrease concentration of aerosol in exhaust gas to below 5mg/Nm3 which is lower than the state discharge standard.

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8

Hagimoto, Yoshiya, Tomoki Tetsuka, Hayato Iwamoto, Hironobu Hyakutake, and Hiroshi Tanaka. "Elucidation of an Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) Adsorption Phenomenon on a Wafer Surface for Achieving an Ultra-Clean and IPA-Saving Drying Process in the Batch Cleaning System." Solid State Phenomena 187 (April 2012): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.79.

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Displacing the water remaining on a wafer surface by using condensed IPA improves the effectiveness of IPA-based drying techniques. Although this drying technology has been used for years, recent device technologies have needed extremely high-performance drying processes. We characterized an IPA adsorption phenomenon on a wafer surface by using the batch cleaning system and determined the appropriate drying conditions. Our results revealed that the IPA supply rate had a great influence on watermark formation. This can be prevented by increasing the IPA supply rate because the rapid increase of

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9

Lee, Byoung H., and Myung M. Sung. "Gas-Phase Formation of Self-Assembled Monolayers on MgO for Protection Against Hydration." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (2008): 4818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic11.

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The gas-phase adsorption of octyltrichlorosilane onto MgO produces self-assembled monolayers that can provide protection against hydration of the underlying MgO surfaces. MgO thin film has attracted attention for application as a protecting layer of alternating current plasma display panel. On exposure to air, the clean MgO surface interacts with water and quickly hydrates to Mg(OH)2, which reduces the secondary electron emission yield. The gas-phase deposition of octyltrichlorosilane on the clean MgO has produced self-assembled monolayers because of high reactivity of the MgO surface. The ult

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10

Sakata, Kohei, Minako Kurisu, Hiroshi Tanimoto, et al. "Custom-made PTFE filters for ultra-clean size-fractionated aerosol sampling for trace metals." Marine Chemistry 206 (October 2018): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.09.009.

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11

Cui, Longlian, Liqian An, Weili Gong, and Hejin Jiang. "A novel process for preparation of ultra-clean micronized coal by high pressure water jet comminution technique." Fuel 86, no. 5-6 (2007): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.09.002.

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12

Kubo, Maiko, Makoto Hidaka, Motohiro Kageyama, Tomomichi Okano, and Hisayoshi Kobayashi. "Novel Cleaning Method of SiC Wafer with Transition Metal Complex." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.877.

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In this article, we report a new cleaning method for silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. We found that the dipping treatment in hydrogen fluoride (HF) solution damages the SiC in the “RCA cleaning process”, so we have designed a new cleaning method that does not use HF and reduced the cleaning process to three steps. The characteristic factor of this new method is using a transition metal complex. Generally, no metals have been used for wafer cleaning, but we deliberately used metal and found it could clean the wafer surface very well. After cleaning, the atomic force microscope (AFM) and “Candela”

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13

Rink, Ingrid, Faisal Wali, and D. Martin Knotter. "Impact of Metal-Ion Contaminated Silica Particles on Gate Oxide Integrity." Solid State Phenomena 145-146 (January 2009): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.145-146.131.

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The impact of metal-ion contamination (present on wafer surface before oxidation) on gate oxide integrity (GOI) is well known in literature, which is not the case for clean silica particles [1, 2]. However, it is known that particles present in ultra-pure water (UPW) decrease the random yield in semiconductor manufacturing [3]. The presence of silica in UPW is common knowledge. UPW has also a certain content of metal ions, which can be attached to silica. That means, when a wafer is in contact with UPW metal ion can directly and/or in form of a silica-metal conglomerate be attached to the wafe

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14

Jayaram, Ganesh. "UHV-TED study of clean Si(100) surface structures." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1002–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150848.

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Detailed information about the structure of silicon surfaces is very important prior to deposition of metal contacts. Though transmission electron diffraction is sensitive to the atomic structures of both the surface and the bulk, under appropriate conditions, information on the structure of the surface can be obtained from a careful analysis of the diffraction spot intensities.Since Si(100) surface is highly reactive (sticking coefficient for water = 1), preparation and observation of clean surfaces necessitates ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. A thin sample of Si(100) (B doped to 1 ohm-cm

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Hagimoto, Yoshiya, Hayato Iwamoto, Yosuke Kawabuchi, and Teruomi Minami. "Influence of Ammonia Gas Ambient in IPA Drying Process of the Single Wafer Cleaning System." Solid State Phenomena 195 (December 2012): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.231.

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High-performance drying techniques using IPA (isopropyl alcohol) are widely used in the silicon wafer cleaning process. IPA-based drying techniques help prevent the formation of watermarks because they effectively displace any water remaining on a wafer surface. They are thus frequently used in the single wafer cleaning system for advanced devices in which ultra-clean process performance is required. However, as devices are becoming physically smaller, the formation of extremely small defects during cleaning has become a serious problem. It is therefore important to elucidate the mechanism of

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16

Wu, Rui Hong. "Design of Lotus-Leaf-Like Decoration Materials." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.881.

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Lotus leaf structures shows shelf-cleaning properties of water-repellent, it’s convenient to clean, especially the interior decoration materials. Polyester sea-island ultra-fine fiber was chosen as raw materials, the crepe weave was used as the organization structure, and finally through water-repellent nano-coating finishing to form a Lotus leaf-like surface, then the water repellency, the anti-fouling performance and the anti-ultraviolet performance of lotus-leaf-like materials was tested and analyzed. The conclusions drawn are as follows: the water repellency, the anti-fouling performance a

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17

S, Vinod Kumar, and R. Baskaran. "Novel Integrated Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis System in High Quality Drinking water Production." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 36, no. 6 (2020): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/360634.

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Modernization in water technology plays a major role in ensuring a clean, safe, and feasible supply of drinking water. Enhancing performance in terms of price and quality, flow ability of the plant, sustainable development; integrated membrane processes have been developed. The most crucial issues found in RO applications such as concentration polarization and membranes fouling are reduced by using this integration of membranes. Conventional reverse osmosis filtration has sand and coke filters as pre filters. In this work these pre filters have been replaced by ultra-filtration which ensures u

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18

Havelka, Ondřej, Martin Cvek, Michal Urbánek, et al. "On the Use of Laser Fragmentation for the Synthesis of Ligand-Free Ultra-Small Iron Nanoparticles in Various Liquid Environments." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (2021): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061538.

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Traditionally, the synthesis of nanomaterials in the ultra-small size regime (1–3 nm diameter) has been linked with the employment of excessive amounts of hazardous chemicals, inevitably leading to significant environmentally detrimental effects. In the current work, we demonstrate the potential of laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL) to produce highly pure and stable iron ultra-small nanoparticles. This is carried out by reducing the size of carbonyl iron microparticles dispersed in various polar solvents (water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400) and liquid nitrogen. The expl

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19

Aoki, T., H. Oguro, K. Fujiyoshi, and M. Yamamoto. "Reagentless-Continuous Flow Method for Determination of Aqueous Ozone with Thin Film Semiconductor and Application to an Advanced Water Treatment Plant." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (1991): 1961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0652.

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A method without any reagent for the determination of ultra-trace aqueous ozone, utilizing a glass tube-separation process and a thin film semiconductor, is proposed. The glass tube was used as the separator to transfer ozone from water into a gas phase. Ozone was transferred into clean air flowing in the tube and then was continuously monitored at the thin film semiconductor. Signals were proportional to concentration of aqueous ozone more than 5 µ g/L. The relative standard deviation (n = 7) las 3.8 % at 7.6 µ g/L. The interference from hydrogen peroxide, mono-chloramine, and dichloramine, w

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20

Cao, Yijian, Antonella Salvini, and Mara Camaiti. "Current Status and Future Prospects of Applying Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Materials for Conservation of Stone Artworks." Coatings 10, no. 4 (2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040353.

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The development of innovative materials is one of the most important focus areas in heritage conservation research. Eligible materials can not only protect the physical and chemical integrity of artworks but also preserve their artistic and aesthetic features. Recently, as one of the hot research topics in materials science, biomimetic superhydrophobic materials have gradually attracted the attention of conservation scientists due to their unique properties. In fact, ultra-repellent materials are particularly suitable for hydrophobization treatments on outdoor artworks. Owing to their excellen

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21

Bansal, Iqbal (Izzy). "Control of Time-Dependent Contamination during Bonding of Semiconductor and Optical Substrates." Journal of the IEST 51, no. 2 (2008): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.51.2.g2g0809260644gv3.

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Microcontamination control is a key parameter for enhancing yield in terms of density of voids within the interface of a bonded wafer. One important cause of void density is time-dependent haze (TDH) or surface-particulate defect density. TDH on silicon surfaces is generated by the interaction of organic volatiles with moisture on the silicon surfaces. Sub-micrometer particle defect density, or haze level, is mainly affected by contamination arising from five factors: people, process, equipment, environment, and processing chemicals and gases. Direct wafer bonding (DWB) is a three-step sequenc

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22

ZAtasi, K., G. Fujita, G. Le Platte, et al. "Impact of atmospheric deposition on the headworks of a wastewater treatment plant - a case study." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 5 (2001): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0291.

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Specialized sampling equipment and ultra-clean analytical methodology were employed to quantify the concentrations or fluxes of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) in ambient air, precipitation, runoff, sanitary sewer, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent. The relationship between the atmospheric deposition and runoff on controlled surfaces were explored for the three pollutants. The impact of the atmospheric deposition and runoff to the headwork loading of the WWTP were investigated. Atmospheric deposition was found to be the primary source of the mass of

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23

Simon, Martha N., Beth Y. Lin, and Joseph S. Wall. "Mild detergent treatment of thin carbon substrate films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100169365.

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The preparation of biological specimens for the STEM by the wet film technique and subsequent freeze-drying, has been shown to preserve biological structures reasonably well and give good mass measurements on them. However, the thin (2-3 nm) carbon substrate film, prepared by ultra-high vacuum evaporation onto a freshly cleaved crystal of rock salt, is never perfect for the attachment of fragile biological structures. The film is floated on a dish of clean water and grids covered with holey film are placed face down on the floating thin carbon film. The grids are picked up from above one at a

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24

Hu, Leo, and Sze Pei Lim. "Ultra-low Residue Flux Applications in RF Front-End Packages." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (2020): 000125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000125.

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Abstract With the leap into the 5G era, the demand for improvements in the performance of mobile phones is on the rise. This is also true for the quantity of radio frequency (RF) front-end integrated circuits (ICs), especially for RF switches and low noise amplifiers (LNA). It is well-known that improvements in performance depend on the combination of new design, package technology, and choice of materials. Ultra-low residue (ULR) flux is an innovative, truly no-clean, flip-chip bonding material. By using ULR flux, the typical water-wash cleaning process can be removed and, in some instances,

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Divya, Neetu, Ajay Bansal, and Asim K. Jana. "Nano-Photocatalysts in the Treatment of Colored Wastewater - A Review." Materials Science Forum 734 (December 2012): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.734.349.

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In the present scenario, the problem of water pollution is remarkable. The need to maintain clean water for both flora and fauna has become a major, even a critical concern. A large number of organic substances are introduced into the natural water system from various sources such as industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and chemical spills. Textiles industries specifically pollute the water sources due to the random use and discharge of various types of dyes. It may significantly affect photosynthetic activity in aquatic life and their presence in drinking water constitutes a potential hu

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Diniz, Mário S., António P. Alves de Matos, Joana Lourenço, et al. "Liver Alterations in Two Freshwater Fish Species (Carassius auratus and Danio rerio) Following Exposure to Different TiO2 Nanoparticle Concentrations." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 5 (2013): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613013238.

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AbstractThe toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TIO2 NPs) and oxidative stress effects were studied in two freshwater fish species (Carassius auratus and Danio rerio) exposed for 21 days to different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100/mgL) of TiO2 NPs and to a control (tap water). Additional fish were transferred to clean water for 14 days to assess the ability to recover from exposure to TiO2 NPs. Activities of the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) (malondialdheyde) were measured as indicators of oxidative stress. Histological and ultra-structural

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27

Rubio-Clemente, Ainhoa, Edwin L. Chica, and Gustavo A. Peñuela. "Direct large-volume injection analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water." Universitas Scientiarum 23, no. 2 (2018): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc23-2.dlvi.

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Due to the health risks for both humans and living beings caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the monitoring of these compounds in environmental matrices is mandatory. This work proposes an analytical method for analyzing anthracene (AN) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), two of the most representative PAHs, at ultra-trace concentrations in water, employing direct injection of large volumes of samples coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For this purpose, principal component analysis was used to examine the behavior of AN and BaP within the chromatographic

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MIKI, Takahito, Tomonori MATSUNO, Yoshiya HASHIMOTO, Akiko MIYAKE, and Takafumi SATOMI. "In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Titanium Surface Modification for Biological Aging by Electrolytic Reducing Ionic Water." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040713.

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In this study, using electrolytic reducing ionic water (S-100®), a novel surface treatment method safely and easily modifying the surface properties was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Ti-6Al-4V disks were washed and the disks were kept standing on a clean bench for one and four weeks for aging. These disks were immersed in S-100® (S-100 group), immersed in ultra-pure water (Control group), or irradiated with ultraviolet light (UV group), and surface analysis, cell experiment, and animal experiment were performed using these disks. The titanium surface became hydrophilic in the S-100 group and

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Xia, Annie Y. "Production of High Purity Functional Water at Point-of-Use for Advanced Mask Cleaning Processes." Solid State Phenomena 187 (April 2012): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.279.

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Mask cleaning remains as one of the major challenges in EUV lithography. Without the use of traditional pellicles, EUV masks demand high purity and effective but mild cleaning techniques for protection from defects. Recently, trends towards dilute chemistries and progress in megasonic cleaning have brought renewed interest in gasified DI water. In this paper, we describe the design and development of a point-of-use functional water treatment system, specifically for advanced mask cleaning applications. The system comprises two modules the purification module and the gasification module. The pu

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Fernandes, Pedro A. R., Sónia S. Ferreira, Rita Bastos, et al. "Apple Pomace Extract as a Sustainable Food Ingredient." Antioxidants 8, no. 6 (2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060189.

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Apple pomace is a by-product of apple processing industries with low value and thus frequent disposal, although with valuable compounds. Acidified hot water extraction has been suggested as a clean, feasible, and easy approach for the recovery of polyphenols. This type of extraction allowed us to obtain 296 g of extract per kg of dry apple pomace, including 3.3 g of polyphenols and 281 g of carbohydrates. Ultrafiltration and solid-phase extraction using C18 cartridges of the hot water extract suggested that, in addition to the apple native polyphenols detected by ultra-high-pressure liquid chr

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Stipp, S. L. S., B. C. Christiansen, K. Dideriksen, L. L. Skovbjerg, L. Karlby, and L. Z. Lakshtanov. "Nano-technology and a sustainable environment." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (2008): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.501.

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Nano-technology has a lot to contribute toward efforts for a sustainable environment. In addition to the promise of sensors, monitoring devices and functional particles, there is new, fundamental information to begaine d by applying nm-scale measuring techniques to natural materials. Improved understanding of the interaction of fluids with natural solids can lead us to new solutions for some of society’s problems, especially in the realm of clean water and safe treatment of waste. Ultra-high resolution lets us define the molecular-scale processes responsible for uptake of contaminants such as

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BAŠA ČESNIK, Helena. "Pesticide residues in bee pollen - validation of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry multiresidual method and a survey of bee pollens from Slovenia." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, no. 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.1822.

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A new analytical method for determining environmental pesticide residues in pollen was introduced and validated. The extraction was conducted using acetonitrile, the clean-up using Supelclean Ultra 2400 solid phase extraction cartridges, which contain Grapsphere, anion exchanger, C18 and zirconia-based sorbent, and the determination was conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The method was applied in practice. A total of 49 active substances (pesticides) were sought in 30 bee pollen samples gathered from Slovenian beekeepers from all 12 statistical regions of Sloven

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Vumazonke, Sesethu, Sandile Maswazi Khamanga, and Nosiphiwe Patience Ngqwala. "Detection of Pharmaceutical Residues in Surface Waters of the Eastern Cape Province." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (2020): 4067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114067.

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Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants in the aquatic environments. Their presence poses toxicological effects in humans and animals even at trace concentrations. This study investigated the presence of antibiotics, anti-epilepsy and anti-inflammatory drugs in river water of selected rivers in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for screening of sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones antibiotics. The samples were collected in upper-stream, middle-stream and lower-stream regions of the rivers and effluent of selected wastewater treatment plant

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Cavalcante, Samir, Daniel Vieira, and Isis Melo. "Chemical Recycling: Comparative Study about the Depolymerization of PET Waste-Bottles to Obtain Terephthalic Acid." Proceedings 41, no. 1 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06650.

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Currently, the plastic packaging industry in Brazil is the second largest producer in the packaging sector, with approximately 35% of the total packaging produced per year. Out of this total, 572 thousand tons are composed of polyethylene terephthalate plastic bottles (PET). In the ranking of the main materials discarded in the country, plastic occupies the third position and, in most cases, inadequately. Objectifying minimizes the amount of PET packaging improperly discarded and to instigate the industrial interest in the subject, our work pursued a viable path, as clean as possible in the pr

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Qian, Yunfeng, Dingyi Yang, Yanghao Xia, Han Gao, and Zhiming Ma. "Transport Properties and Resistance Improvement of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures." Buildings 11, no. 9 (2021): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090416.

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Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has a high self-healing capacity and is prone to bursting after exposure to high temperatures due to its characteristics. This work evaluates the damage and improvement of UHPC with coarse aggregates through mechanical properties (compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity), transport properties (water absorption and a chloride diffusion test), and micro-properties such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The result demonstrates that polypropylene (PP) fibers are more suitable

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Grzyb, Joe. "UV-C LEDs for Sterilization Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (2014): 002132–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-tha34.

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HexaTech has developed a proprietary, patented process for manufacturing bulk aluminum nitride (AlN) crystals and semiconductor wafers. HexaTech is leveraging this unique capability to develop and commercialize high-performance, long-lifetime Ultra Violet Light Emitting Diodes (UV-C LEDs) for disinfection applications (particularly clean water) and high-voltage, high-efficiency power semiconductors for power conversion applications (particularly smart grid). Deep-ultraviolet light with wavelength in the range of 250 to 280nm (UV-C) has been used to sterilize liquids, air and surfaces for over

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Oncu Kaya, Elif Mine. "Development and validation of a SPE-UHPLC-fluorescence method for the analysis of ochratoxin-a in certain Turkish wines." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 38, no. 2 (2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2019.1624.

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A sensitive Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-fluorescence method was developed and validated for the determination of ochratoxin-A (OTA) in Turkish wine samples. Naphthalene was used as an internal standard in this study. OTA was separated on a C18 (3.0 mm × 100 mm × 1.8 µm) column and analyses were run under isocratic conditions, with a mobile phase consisting of water/acetonitrile/acetic acid (50:50:1, v/v/v). The flow rate and injection volume were 0.5 ml min−1 and 10 μl, respectively. The excitation and emission wavelengths were 330 nm and 460 nm for OTA, respectively,

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Vdovina, Olga Nikolaevna, and Dmitry Mikhailovich Bezmaternykh. "Macrozoobenthos in mid-mountain lakes of river Multa basin (Republic of Altai)." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2105-01.

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In August 2020, taxonomic composition and quantitative characteristics of zoobenthos from 4 lakes located in the upper reaches of the R. Multa basin (the R. Ob basin) were studied. Because of the basin inaccessibility the hydrobiological information about these lakes was previously fragmentary or absent at all. The data on macrozoobenthos composition and its structure were not available. In these lakes, 49 species of benthic invertebrates from 7 classes were identified, i.e. Demospongiae (1), Turbellaria (1), Oligochaeta (3), Gastropoda (4), Euchelicerata (1), Crustacea (1) and Insecta (38). A

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Thomas, Stephanie, Rish Palmer, Edward Phillipo, and Geoffrey Chipungu. "Reducing bacterial contamination in an Orthopedic Theatre ventilated by natural ventilation, in a Developing Country." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 05 (2016): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7436.

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Introduction: All surgical procedures have the potential for infection and some of the main sources are contamination from airborne particles, theatre personnel and the theatre environment. There is strong evidence that the use of ultra-clean air flow systems in orthopedic operating theatres reduces the incidence of deep sepsis after surgery. In the developing world however, this is often an unrealistic solution. The aim of this study was to establish baseline levels of contamination in a working orthopedic theatre, at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. To feedback results

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Rhyne, Megan N., and Stephanie L. Richards. "Impact of the Insect Growth Regulator Pyriproxyfen on Immature Development, Fecundity, and Fertility of Aedes albopictus." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 36, no. 1 (2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/19-6893.1.

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ABSTRACT Aedes albopictus is a vector of several arboviruses; however, control of this day-active species is difficult with ultra-low-volume insecticide treatments applied at dusk/dawn periods. In the current laboratory study, blood-fed Ae. albopictus were exposed to Archer® (insect growth regulator AI: pyriproxyfen) residue in glass bottles (to approximate barrier treatment) and allowed to oviposit. Control mosquitoes were exposed to clean bottles. To evaluate potential dilution effects of water volume, mosquitoes were allowed to oviposit in (relatively) small (59 ml water) or large (177 ml w

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Sambiagio, Nicolas, Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Aurélie Berthet, Reto Auer, Anna Schoeni, and Nancy B. Hopf. "Rapid Liquid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Two Urinary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: 8-oxodG and 8-isoprostane." Antioxidants 10, no. 1 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010038.

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Human biomonitoring of oxidative stress relies on urinary effect biomarkers such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane); however, their levels reported for similar populations are inconsistent in the scientific literature. One of the reasons is the multitude of analytical methods with varying degrees of selectivity used to quantify these biomarkers. Single-analyte methods are often used, requiring multiple injections that increase both time and cost. We developed a rapid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

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Zhang, Bo, Xia Chen, Shun-Yu Han, et al. "Simultaneous Analysis of 20 Mycotoxins in Grapes and Wines from Hexi Corridor Region (China): Based on a QuEChERS–UHPLC–MS/MS Method." Molecules 23, no. 8 (2018): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081926.

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The aim of this study is to develop and validate an improved analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 20 types of mycotoxins in grapes and wines. In this research, the optimization of tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) parameter, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) separation, and QuEChERS procedure, which includes wine/water ratio, the amount and type of salt, clean-up sorbent, were performed, and the whole separation of mycotoxins was accomplished within 7 min analyzing time. Under optimum conditions, recoveries ranged from 85.6% to 117.8%, while relative standard

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Wood, R., C. S. Bretherton, D. Leon, et al. "An aircraft case study of the spatial transition from closed to open mesoscale cellular convection over the Southeast Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 5 (2011): 2341–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2341-2011.

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Abstract. Aircraft measurements are presented from the 27/28 October 2008 case study of the VOCALS Regional Experiment (REx) over the remote subtropical southeast Pacific (18° S, 80° W). Data from two aircraft that took measurements approximately twelve hours apart but in the same advected airmass are used to document a remarkably sharp spatial transition in marine boundary layer (MBL), cloud, and aerosol structure across the boundary between a well-mixed MBL containing overcast closed mesoscale cellular stratocumulus, and a pocket of open cells (POC) with significantly lower cloud cover. Long

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Mackie, Andy, Hyoryoon Jo, and Sze Pei Lim. "Flip-Chip Flux Evolution." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, no. 1 (2019): 000115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000115.

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Abstract Flip-chip assembly accounts for more than 80% of the advanced packaging technology platform, compared to fan-in, fan-out, embedded die, and through silicon via (TSV). Flip-chip interconnect remains a critical assembly process for large die used in artificial intelligence processors; thin die that warps at elevated temperatures; heterogeneous integration in SiP applications; flip-chip on leadframe; and MicroLED die usage. This paper will first outline trends in evolving flip-chip and direct chip placement (DCP) technology, then will examine the changing nature of the solder bump, the i

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Wood, R., C. S. Bretherton, D. Leon, et al. "An aircraft case study of the spatial transition from closed to open mesoscale cellular convection over the Southeast Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 7 (2010): 17911–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-17911-2010.

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Abstract. Aircraft measurements are presented from 27 to 28 October 2008 case study of the VOCALS Regional Experiment (REx) over the remote subtropical southeast Pacific (18° S, 80° W). Data from two aircraft that took measurements approximately twelve hours apart but in the same advected airmass are used to document a remarkably sharp spatial transition in marine boundary layer (MBL), cloud, and aerosol structure across the boundary between a well-mixed MBL containing overcast closed mesoscale cellular stratocumulus, and a pocket of open cells (POC) with significantly lower cloud cover. Long

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Diniz, M. S., A. P. Alves de Matos, J. Lourenço, et al. "Histological and biochemical effects of exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles in livers of two freshwater fish species: Carassius auratus and Danio rerio." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S4 (2013): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613000871.

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Nanoparticles (NPs), particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm, are used in many industrial applications and to produce new types of materials with unique physicochemical properties. The aquatic environment is commonly the ultimate recipient for NPs and there is uncertainty of exposure as understanding and data regarding the potential detrimental effects of NPs on aquatic biota are missing. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was chosen for its potential use in technology and diverse industrial applications. The objective of this work is to evaluate the toxicity of TiO2 NPs on

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Cox, M. J., M. J. Kim, Hong Xu, and R. W. Carpenter. "Silicon Wafer Bonding: Effect of Wafer Surface Treatment on Interface Structure and Chemistry." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 1074–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037867.

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The two most important characteristics of any surface considered for wafer bonding are cleanliness, surface smoothness and macroscopic flatness. Silicon wafers in the as-received condition have a native oxide on the surface several nanometers thick [1], Figure la shows that they also have a layer of hydrocarbons. While they are not clean, they are smooth. Our wafers were plasma or ion cleaned, chemically treated, and ultra high vacuum (UHV) thermal desorption annealed in different combinations to find the best method for providing smooth, contamination free substrates that will produce an atom

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OHMI, TADAHIRO, TAKASHI IMAOKA, JUN TAKANO, and FUMITOMO KUNIMOTO. "IMPROVED WET CHEMICAL CLEANING FOR REALIZATION OF ULTRA CLEAN WAFER SURFACE." Particulate Science and Technology 11, no. 3-4 (1993): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726359308906637.

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Chen, Fu Ping, Hai Bo Lei, Xiao Yan Zhang, et al. "High Performance, Eco-Friendly SPM Cleaning Technology Using Integrated Bench-Single Wafer Cleaning System." Solid State Phenomena 314 (February 2021): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.314.133.

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Batch SPM systems do not meet the current clean specification/requirements below 28nm. Single wafer SPM systems use a high volume of chemistry which runs to drain, while meeting the cleaning specifications below 28nm. The work in this paper describe the use of a batch SPM system and a single wafer clean in an integrated system, Ultra-C Tahoe which results in meeting the technical specification and using less that 80% of the SPM chemistry used in single wafer systems. The data collected shows this new system meet the specifications, whilst saving more than 80%of SPM chemistry.

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Tong, Haijie, Fobang Liu, Alexander Filippi, et al. "Aqueous-phase reactive species formed by fine particulate matter from remote forests and polluted urban air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 13 (2021): 10439–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021.

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Abstract. In the aqueous phase, fine particulate matter can form reactive species (RS) that influence the aging, properties, and health effects of atmospheric aerosols. In this study, we explore the RS yields of aerosol samples from a remote forest (Hyytiälä, Finland) and polluted urban locations (Mainz, Germany; Beijing, China), and we relate the RS yields to different chemical constituents and reaction mechanisms. Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to characterize organic aerosol composition, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with a spin-trapping technique was

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