Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ultra-high temperature treatment

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ultra-high temperature treatment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 January 2023
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ultra-high temperature treatment"

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Rasane, Prasad, Nitya Sharma, Sana Fatma, Sawinder Kaur, Alok Jha, Damanpreet Kaur, and Jyoti Singh. "Ultra-high Temperature (UHT) Processing: Technological Significance and Updates." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 8 (September 10, 2020): 1183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401316666200217111113.

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Background: Background: Milk forms an integral part of the human diet from the nutritional point of view. Besides nutrition, it has also unique functional properties which are harnessed by the industry for numerous uses. Being highly perishable specific techniques are required to minimize the losses during processing and adequate preservation of this precious commodity. In the U.S. and many other parts of the world, the traditional pasteurization of milk requires a minimum heat treatment of 72ºC for 15 seconds with subsequent refrigeration. However, the advent of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) treatment of milk has added a new dimension to the marketing of liquid milk in urban as well as remote areas without the requirement of cold chain management. The distinctive feature of UHT processed milk is that it is commercially-sterile-not pasteurized and so has long shelf life at room temperature. UHT milk, also known as long-life milk, is emerging as an attractive commercial alternative offering a hygienic product of unmatched quality, which can be bought anywhere, at any time and in any quantity. The present review will discuss numerous aspects of UHT processing of milk with reference to historical significance, fundamental principle, various systems used and prerequisites, type of exchangers used, fouling and other defects in system, chemical and microbiological effect of the treatment, its effect on nutritional components, organoleptic quality of milk and the advantage and involved challenges of the process. Conclusion: Raw milk is easily contaminated with pathogens and microbes and hence its consumption of raw milk is associated with certain ill health effects. Therefore, heating milk before consumption is strongly suggested. Thus, UHT treatment of milk is done to ensure microbial safety and also to extend the shelf life of this highly perishable commodity. Heating milk at such a high temperature is often associated with the change of organoleptic properties like change in flavor or cooked flavor, rancidity due to microbes or acid flavor, etc. But UHT treatment does not substantially decrease the nutritional value or any other benefits of milk.
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Sopelana, Patricia, Mónica Pérez-Martínez, Isabel López-Galilea, M. Paz de Peña, and Concepción Cid. "Effect of ultra high temperature (UHT) treatment on coffee brew stability." Food Research International 50, no. 2 (March 2013): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.07.038.

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Deeth, Hilton C. "Effects of High-Temperature Milk Processing." Encyclopedia 1, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 1312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1040098.

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In this entry, high temperature is defined as 90 to 150 °C. Many dairy processes, including extended shelf-life (ESL) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processing, in-container sterilization, yogurt milk heat treatment, pre-heating or forewarming milk for production of sterile concentrated milk and powders, manufacture of co-precipitate and dolce de leche, involve heat treatments in this temperature range. Pasteurization is not included in this entry as it is generally performed at 72–75 °C.
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Jin, Wenming, Jianhao Yu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Hongjie Jia, and Mingwen Ren. "Study on Ultra-High Temperature Contact Solution Treatment of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloys." Metals 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050842.

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Contact solution treatment (CST) of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys can shorten solution time to within 40 s in comparison with 1800 s with traditional solution treatment using a heating furnace. Heating temperature is the key factor in solution treatment. Considering the short heating time of CST, the ultra-high solution temperature over 500 °C of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys was studied in this work. The effects of solution temperatures on the microstructures and the mechanical properties were investigated. The evolution of the second phases was explored and the strengthening mechanisms were also quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that solution time could be reduced to 10 s with the solution temperature of 535 °C due to the increasing dissolution rate of the second phase and the tensile strength of the aged specimen could reach 545 MPa. Precipitation strengthening was the main strengthening mechanism, accounting for 75.4% of the total strength. Over-burning of grain boundaries occurred when the solution temperature increased to 555 °C, leading to the deterioration of the strength.
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Fukuta, Rei, Yohei Murakami, Hiroaki Ohfuji, Toru Shinmei, Tetsuo Irifune, and Fumitaro Ishikawa. "Sn-V centers in diamond activated by ultra high pressure and high temperature treatment." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 60, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 035501. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/abdc31.

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Li, Wei-wei, Hong-liang Kang, Jian Xu, and Rui-gang Liu. "Effects of ultra-high temperature treatment on the microstructure of carbon fibers." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 35, no. 6 (April 23, 2017): 764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-017-1922-9.

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Yoshimura, Toshihiko, Masayoshi Iwamoto, Takayuki Ogi, Fumihiro Kato, Masataka Ijiri, and Shoichi Kikuchi. "Peening Natural Aging of Aluminum Alloy by Ultra-High-Temperature and High-Pressure Cavitation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072894.

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The peening solution treatment was performed on AC4CH aluminum alloy by ultra-high-temperature and high-pressure cavitation (UTPC) processing, and the peening natural aging was examined. Furthermore, peening artificial aging treatment by low-temperature and low-pressure cavitation (LTPC) was performed, and the time course of peening natural aging and peening artificial aging were compared and investigated. It was found that when the AC4CH alloy is processed for an appropriate time by UTPC processing, compressive residual stress is applied and natural aging occurs. In addition, the UTPC processing conditions for peening natural aging treatment with high compressive residual stress and surface hardness were clarified. After peening artificial aging by LTPC processing, the compressive residual stress decreases slightly over time, but the compression residual stress becomes constant by peening natural aging through UTPC treatment. In contrast, it was found that neither natural nor artificial peening natural aging occurs after processing for a short time.
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Wang, Sheng Peng, Xian Zheng Zhao, Bo Cai, and Shen Hua. "Study of New Ultra-Temperature Polymer Fracturing Fluid Material." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.283.

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Nowadays, hydraulic fracturing has become the mainly treatment in low permeability reservoirs.Niudong buried-hill was located in the Baxian Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin. The charactristers of this natural reservoirs are summarized as :low porosity and ultra-low permeability ;complex storage types and complex fracture break and with ultra high temperature (200-210°C) ,In the past, 150°C fracturing fluid system was used in order to solve fluid fracturing efficiency low, quick acid rock reaction.Field test shown that it can’t meet target of greatly improve the output. So it is necessary to develop a novel fluid system to achieve high-efficient stimulation. Therefore, this paper invented a new high temperature resistant ternary anionic thickener, and launched some fracturing fluid performance evaluation.The novel high-temperature fracturing fliud provides a new material to stimulate ultra-high temperature, ultra deep formation to help maximize recovery efficiency. it has important strategic significance for exploration promotion of ultra-high reservoirs .
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Järvenpää, Antti, Pentti Karjalainen, and Kari Mäntyjärvi. "Passive Laser Assisted Bending of Ultra-High Strength Steels." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1542.

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Formability of ultra-high strength steels is poor causing problems in bending and stretch forming. The target of this work was to improve the formability of ultra-high strength steel sheets by controlled local laser heat treatments. Three steel grades, a bainitic-martensitic 4 mm DQ960 and two martensitic WR500 with 6 mm and 10 mm thicknesses were heated by controlled thermal cycles using a 4 kW Yb:Yag –laser, followed by self-cooling. Sheets with the thicknesses of 4 and 6 mm were treated on one side only by heating up to the austenitizing temperature. The 10 mm thick WR500 sheet was heat treated separately on the both surfaces by heating to a lower temperature range to produce a shallow tempered layers. The tensile and bendability tests as well as hardness measurements indicated that laser heat treatment can be used to highly improve the bendability locally without significant strength losses.
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Field, Daniel M., Stephen R. Cluff, Krista R. Limmer, Jonathan S. Montgomery, Daniel J. Magagnosc, and Kyu C. Cho. "Heat Treatment and Austenitization Temperature Effect on Microstructure and Impact Toughness of an Ultra-High Strength Steel." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050723.

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Heat treatment parameters were varied to determine the effect of normalizing and austenitizing temperature on the properties of an ultra-high strength wrought steel. Normalizing temperature did not have a significant effect on strength and ductility. Higher normalizing temperatures led to an increase in final prior austenite grain size and a slight loss in toughness. Austenitizing temperature of 825 °C was insufficient to produce a fully austenitic structure prior to quenching and led to sub-par impact behavior. The best properties were obtained after austenitizing at 915 °C followed by water quenching; the resulting quasi static properties were shown to be a yield strength of 1380 MPa with an ultimate tensile strength of 1670 MPa and 12.5% total ductility. Charpy V-notch impact properties as high as 52 J at −40 °C and 75 J at 25 °C and the behavior were achieved using higher austenitizing temperatures as well.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ultra-high temperature treatment"

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Krossa, Alexander. "Material characteristics of new ultra high-strength steels manufactured by Giflo Steels." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236243/1/Alexander%2BKrossa%2BThesis%281%29.pdf.

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This thesis has investigated the material characteristics of the new high-strength steel (HSS) produced by Giflo Steels (F-series steel) using detailed experimental studies involving ambient and elevated temperature mechanical property tests, post-fire mechanical property tests and V-Charpy notch tests for hardness. Its findings have shown that the new F-series steel has an advantage over similar HSS as it has superior post-fire mechanical properties, while retaining also the other mechanical properties within the requirements of relevant design standards.
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Brundin, Carl. "Alternative energy concepts for Swedish wastewater treatment plants to meet demands of a sustainable society." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-146831.

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This report travels through multiple disciplines to seek innovative and sustainable energy solutions for wastewater treatment plants. The first subject is a report about increased global temperatures and an over-exploitation of natural resources that threatens ecosystems worldwide. The situation is urgent where the current trend is a 2°C increase of global temperatures already in 2040. Furthermore, the energy-land nexus becomes increasingly apparent where the world is going from a dependence on easily accessible fossil resources to renewables limited by land allocation. A direction of the required transition is suggested where all actors of the society must contribute to quickly construct a new carbon-neutral resource and energy system. Wastewater treatment is as required today as it is in the future, but it may move towards a more emphasized role where resource management and energy recovery will be increasingly important. This report is a master’s thesis in energy engineering with an ambition to provide some clues, with a focus on energy, to how wastewater treatment plants can be successfully integrated within the future society. A background check is conducted in the cross section between science, society, politics and wastewater treatment. Above this, a layer of technological insights is applied, from where accessible energy pathways can be identified and evaluated. A not so distant step for wastewater treatment plants would be to absorb surplus renewable electricity and store it in chemical storage mediums, since biogas is already commonly produced and many times also refined to vehicle fuel. Such extra steps could be excellent ways of improving the integration of wastewater treatment plants into the society. New and innovative electric grid-connected energy storage technologies are required when large synchronous electric generators are being replaced by ‘smaller’ wind turbines and solar cells which are intermittent (variable) by nature. A transition of the society requires energy storages, balancing of electric grids, waste-resource utilization, energy efficiency measures etcetera… This interdisciplinary approach aims to identify relevant energy technologies for wastewater treatment plants that could represent decisive steps towards sustainability.
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Liao, Chien-Chang, and 廖建昌. "Study on Distinguishing between High Temperature Short Time Pasteurization (HTST) Milk and Ultra High Temperature Treatment (UHT) Milk by Bovine Immunoglobulin G Level." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05507291569009503020.

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碩士
國立嘉義大學
動物科學系研究所
95
The purpose of this study was to distinguish between high temperature short time pasteurization (HTST) milk and ultra high temperature treatment (UHT) milk by bovine immunoglobulin G level. Raw milk was pasteurized by HTST and UHT and low temperature long time (LTLT), respectively. The IgG of these samples was analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that pasteurized milk of 65℃,30min, 75℃,16s, 75℃,32s, 75℃,43s, 75℃,64s and 80℃,16s had been found obviously dyed protein band of IgG, IgG heavy chain (IgG-HC) and IgG light chain (IgG-LC) with SDS-PAGE and western blot, and the IgG contents of these samples were 382.1±17.73, 384.2±11.12, 348.8±19.15, 282.1±10.77, 267.1±9.24 and 256.3±13.01 mg/L, respectively. However, pasteurized milk of 75℃,15min, 80℃,32s, 80℃,43s, 80℃,64s, 85℃,16s, 85℃,32s, 85℃,43s, 85℃,64s and 130℃,2-3s had been found not obvious or faint dyeing protein band of IgG in the SDS-PAGE and the western blot. Nevertheless，the contents of all above treated IgG were below 150 mg/L. In addition, the content of milk IgG 150 mg/L is as a boundary value that can be used distinguish between HTST and UHT milk by the immunodot blot technique.
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He, Juan. "Flavor comparison of ultra high temperature processed milk heated by Ohmic heating and conventional methods." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28661.

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Ultra high temperature (UHT) processing can extend shelf life of milk to several months without refrigeration, which is more convenient and energy saving than pasteurized milk. However, the poor acceptance caused by "cooked" flavors limits its marketing growth, especially in United States. Ohmic heating, which has a more uniform and rapid heating than conventional UHT process, may minimized the flavor change during the thermal treatment. Flavor composition between Ohmic heated UHT milk and other traditionally processed UHT milk (direct steam injection and indirect plate heating) during 36 weeks storage were investigated in this study. A total of 20 volatile compounds were analyzed based on their importance to UHT milk as well as their representation to different chemical classes including sulfur-containing compounds, ketones, lactones, aldehydes and others. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methyl ketones were significant different among three types of UHT heated milk. δ-lactones showed higher amount in Ohmic heating after stored for four weeks, which might generate creamy, fruity intermediate aroma. Other compounds showed no significant difference among three heating processes. Aroma recombination test revealed that the overall aroma of the ultra pasteurized (UP) milk could be mimicked by recombining 15 important reference odorants in the same concentrations as they occurred in the UHT milk using commercial pasteurized milk as the matrix.
Graduation date: 2012
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Bogahawaththa, Dimuthu. "Processing-induced modifications of native bovine milk proteins in relation to immunogenicity." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/38674/.

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Bovine milk proteins are a source of high-quality proteins in the human diet. Raw milk is subjected to different processing treatments prior to human consumption to ensure food safety and extend the shelf life. However, the thermal processing including high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization and ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment and alternative nonthermal methods including application of high pressure (HP) appear to modify the native properties of milk proteins. The processing induced modifications in protein structure, mainly denaturation and aggregation, and associated changes in epitopes can modulate the immunogenicity and potential allergenicity of milk proteins. The severity of some processing conditions appears to alter the native minor proteins including immunoglobulins (Ig), which may otherwise exert immunomodulatory properties in such a way as to prevent occurrence of allergies. Bovine or cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an abnormal immunological reaction to one or more milk proteins and it is the most prevalent food allergy among infants globally. Hence, the overall aim of this study was to identify the modification of native milk proteins induced by selected thermal (heating at 72 for 15 s and 100 °C for 30 s) and nonthermal processing conditions (application of HP at 400, 500, or 600 MPa for 15 min at 30 °C) and to establish their impact on modulation of in vitro immunogenicity as a means of envisaging potential allergenicity. Processing induced changes in secondary structure of proteins were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and protein denaturation and aggregation were mainly examined using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Changes in antigenicity of milk proteins followed by processing was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Modulation of in vitro immunogenicity was assessed based on the concentration of several cytokines secreted by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to native and processed milk proteins. Thermal denaturation of bovine IgG was studied alone and in the presence of major whey proteins. The two heating regimes studied provided the simulated thermal effect compared to HTST (72 °C/ 15 s) and UHT (100 °C/ 30 s equivalent to 140 °C/ 5 s in terms of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin) conditions. Simulated HTST conditions least impacted on the secondary structure of IgG and other whey proteins when they were present either alone or in mixtures of whey proteins. The heating at 100 °C for 30 s caused formation of covalent complexes of IgG alone, as well as in the mixtures, mainly through thiol-disulfide reactions. Under 100 °C /30 s treatment, bovine serum albumin (BSA) did not interact with IgG through thiol-disulfide reactions in a binary mixture of proteins (IgG+BSA). α-Lactalbumin (ALA) appeared to preferentially lead denaturation of whey proteins over β-lactoglobulin (BLG), in a protein mixture (BLG+ALA+IgG+BSA), while native whey contains another component that can inhibit this effect. The presence of other whey proteins did not contribute to thermal stability of IgG at 100 °C for 30 s. Residual antigenicity of a processed protein is a marker of potential allergenicity. Other milk proteins affect thermal denaturation of bovine BLG and modulate its antigenicity. Denaturation of BLG and altered antigenicity were studied in protein mixtures during 72 °C/ 15 s and 100 °C/ 30 s treatments. BLG denaturation, affected by other proteins, correlated with altered antigenicity. The treatment at 72 °C/ 15 s enhanced antigenicity in BLG+ALA mixture possibly due to exposed epitopes in unfolded structure, while it did not affect other protein mixtures. The treatment at 100 °C/ 30 s resulted in BLG-led protein aggregation by thiol/disulphide interactions and declined antigenicity by fragmentation and masking of epitopes to a different extent depending on the mixture. IgG contributed to diminish antigenicity in BLG+ALA+IgG mixture at 100 °C/ 30 s. The protein denaturation governed by ALA over BLG in BLG+ALA+IgG+BSA mixture, was possibly catalysed by BSA at 100 °C/30 s, resulting in a higher retention of antigenicity than other mixtures. In vitro immunogenicity of various native and thermally processed (72 °C / 15 s and 100 °C /30 s) bovine milk protein fractions, their mixtures, whey, and skim milk, was studied by analysing the immune response of T helper (Th) cells in human PBMCs. The secretion of Th types cytokines induced by the protein stimulants was quantified, while determining the heat-induced protein denaturation. Purified whey proteins, caseins and whey fraction, and skim milk, provoked substantial immune responses at various degrees, indicating their potent immunogenicity. The protein mixtures prepared using the fractionated whey proteins with or without caseins appeared less immunogenic in both native and heat-treated forms, implying their potential of producing less immunogenic dairy products. The treatment at 100 °C/ 30 s significantly altered the immunogenicity of most of the potent protein stimulants, which mostly coincided with their levels of protein denaturation. The treatment at 72 °C / 15 s caused least protein denaturation but altered the immunogenicity of several protein stimulants notably including heat-stable caseins and ALA. High pressure processing (HPP), conducted at 400, 500 or 600 MPa for 15 min at 30 °C, of raw skim milk was studied in comparison to HTST pasteurization (72 °C/ 15 s), considering protein denaturation and in vitro immunogenicity. HTST pasteurization least impacted denaturation of native proteins leading to mostly unchanged milk immunogenicity. HPP resulted in denaturation of whey proteins, mostly BLG and IgG, and disturbed structure of the casein micelle. HPP at 600 MPa caused protein aggregation, involving mainly BLG and κ-casein, through thiol disulphide interactions. ALA was least denatured subjected to all HPP conditions. The balance between expression of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines, which is believed to regulate adverse immune response, was initially shifted toward Th1 with increase in HP, then the immunogenic capacity of milk proteins diminished at 600 MPa. This could be related to exposure of T cell-specific linear epitopes followed by unfolding of protein structure firstly and masking of them by protein aggregation subsequently with increase in high pressure. In overall, the conditions applied in raw milk processing should be further optimised in considering modifications of native milk proteins and subsequent modulation of their immunogenicity, in addition to ensuring the food safety, to make the final dairy product both hygienic and hypoallergenic. Mild heat treatments (< 72 °C) or combined mild processing, for instance application of HP below 400 MPa in combination with low temperature (< 50 °C), would be able to fulfil aforementioned requirements.
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Books on the topic "Ultra-high temperature treatment"

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Burton, H. Ultra-high-temperature processing of milk and milk products. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988.

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Burton, H. Ultra-High-Temperature Processing of Milk and Milk Products. Springer, 2012.

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Burton, H. Ultra-High-Temperature Processing of Milk and Milk Products. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ultra-high temperature treatment"

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Swartzel, K. R. "HEAT TREATMENT | Ultra-high Temperature (UHT) Treatments." In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 3034–39. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227055-x/00585-x.

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Lewis, M. J. "HEAT TREATMENT OF FOODS | Ultra-High-Temperature Treatments." In Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, 187–92. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384730-0.00158-0.

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Robertson, G. L. "ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENT (UHT) | Aseptic Packaging." In Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 2637–42. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227235-8/00493-4.

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Deeth, H. C., and N. Datta. "ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENT (UHT) | Heating Systems." In Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 2642–52. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227235-8/00741-0.

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Lewis, M. J. "HEAT TREATMENT OF FOODS | Ultra-high Temperature (UHT) Treatments." In Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, 1023–30. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwfm.1999.0785.

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Deeth, H. C., and N. Datta. "Heat Treatment of Milk | Ultra-High Temperature Treatment (UHT): Heating Systems." In Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 699–707. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374407-4.00216-8.

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Robertson, G. L. "Heat Treatment of Milk | Ultra-High Temperature Treatment (UHT): Aseptic Packaging." In Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 708–13. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374407-4.00217-x.

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Hu, Wentao, Yongjun Tian, and Zhongyuan Liu. "Carbon Vacancy Ordered Non-Stoichiometric ZrC0.6." In MAX Phases and Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics for Extreme Environments, 478–508. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4066-5.ch016.

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The starting nanopowders of non-stoichiometric zirconium carbide (ZrCx) were fabricated via milling Zr powders in toluene for different dwell times. The carbon content was determined to depend on the milling time and the used amount of toluene. The bulk non-stoichiometric ZrCx with different x were prepared by spark plasma sintering of the obtained ZrCx nanopowders. The microstructural features of a sintered ZrC0.6 sample were investigated via the measurements of XRD, TEM, and HRTEM. It was found that the carbon vacancies have an ordering arrangement in C sublattice, forming a Zr2C-type cubic superstructural phase with space group of Moreover, it was observed that the superstructural phase exists in nano-domains with an average size of ~30 nm owing to the ordering length in nanoscale. During the heating treatment in air, it was recognized that the diffusion of oxygen atoms is significantly facilitated through the ordered carbon vacancies. For the heating treatment at low temperature (<300°C), the oxygen atoms diffuse easily into and occupy the ordered carbon vacancies, forming the oxy-carbide of ZrC0.6O0.4 with ordered oxygen atoms. At the heating temperature higher than 350 °C an amorphous layer of ZrC0.6Oy>0.4 was identified to be formed due to the diffusion of superfluous oxygen atoms into Zr-tetrahedral centers. Inside the amorphous layer, the metastable tetragonal zirconia nanocrystals are recognized to be gradually developed.
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Deeth, Hilton C. "10419 Heat Treatment of Milk: Extended Shelf-Life (ESL) and Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) Treatments." In Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818766-1.00140-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ultra-high temperature treatment"

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Fedorov, Sergey S., Mykhailo V. Gubynskyi, Igor V. Barsukov, Mykola V. Livitan, Oleksiy G. Gogotsi, and Upendra Singh Rohatgi. "Modeling the Operation Regimes in Ultra-High Temperature Continuous Reactors." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22161.

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The main advantage of carbon material treatment in electro-thermal furnaces with fluidized bed [EFFB] at 2000–3000C is that they allow producing graphite of high chemical purity, which is especially important in manufacture of ion-lithium batteries. The team conducted extensive research into hydraulic and heat modes of such units and developed a methodology for their design based on the concept of increase in electric resistance with fluidization. The choice of the working space configuration and the operation mode of EFFB are largely determined by the specific electrical resistance [SER] of the fluidized bed. This parameter is a complex function of a number of factors: fluidization character, uniformity of the bed and the temperature, nature and size of the material fractions, current density and furnace atmosphere composition. It is vital to take into account relationships between SER, working temperature T and current density i, which eventually define electrothermal mode of the unit operation. Thus, if graphite size is d = 130μm within temperature range T = 0–2500C and current density i = 0,004–1.0 A/cm2, SER varies in reverse proportion to these parameters Statistic processing of the experimental data allowed to obtain regressive function SER = f (i, t), which we used as the basis of mathematic modeling, heat balance calculation and predicting transitory and operation modes of EFFB with 10kg/hour productivity: SER=0.01.84.711-2.,593*10-2.T-46.854*i+1.205*10-2.T*i,Ω-m′ Resulting volt-ampere characteristics (VACs) of the furnace have maximum values at constant temperature (T = const) which is explained by the non-linear character of the SER function. There exists a technological temperature limit of EFFB responsible for its stable operation. The furnace operation beyond the stability margin depends on the power source characteristics which may cause a sharp power drop or a shorting. The VAC characteristics are determined by the type of material, geometry of the furnace working space, electrode diameter, active zone height, the gap between the electrode and the lining, design of heat insulation and the cooling system. Taking these parameters into consideration, it is possible to conduct a preliminary analysis of the unit stable operation modes as early as during the design stage.
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Carlsson, Bjo¨rn, Domenico Russo, and Jesu´s Arin˜o Oliver. "Manufacturing of Parts in Ultra High Strength Steel Using Local Heat Treatment." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95614.

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In this paper the manufacturing of a side impact beam, with the aid of local heat treatment, is described. The beam has two areas where the risk of fracture is high. Two zones of the blank, corresponding to these areas, are therefore heat treated before stamping to reduce the risk of fracture. The material is a martensitic steel with a virgin tensile strength of 1200 MPa. The heat treatment is made by laser to an approximate temperature of 850° Celsius. This heat treatment reduces the strength of the material to a tensile strength of approximately 650 MPa after cooling. The formability is increased accordingly. The method of local heat treatment with the objective to increase formability in selected areas can be seen as an alternative to the use of conventional tailor welded blanks.
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Zhong, Hanyi, Xin Gao, Zhengsong Qiu, Weian Huang, Wenlei Liu, Jiaxin Ma, and Shusen Li. "Minimization of Ultra-High Temperature Filtration Loss for Water-Based Drilling Fluid with ß-Cyclodextrin Polymer Microspheres." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204763-ms.

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Abstract Due to the rapid degradation of conventional biopolymer or synthetic polymeric additives at high temperature (HT) or ultra-high temperatures (ultra-HT), effective control of water-based drilling fluid filtration in HT or Ultra-HT environment is still a great challenge in drilling operation. β-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres (β-CPMs), generally using for drug release and waste water treatment, are evaluated as environmentally friendly ultra-HT filtration reducer. The impact of the microspheres on water-based drilling fluids’ properties including rheology and filtration prior to and after hot rolling at different temperatures ranging from 120 to 240°C was investigated. The high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) filtration properties of the microspheres compared to several commercial high temperature filtration reducers were conducted according to the API recommended procedures. The filtration controlling mechanism was analyzed from zeta potential measurement, particle size distribution measurement, and scanning electron microscope observation of filter cake. The results indicated that the β-CPMs exhibited peculiar filtration behavior differently from conventional additives. When the hot rolling temperature was below 160℃, β-CPMs performed a 30% filtration reduction at 1 w/v% content in comparison with control sample. Once the hot rolling temperature was above 160℃, the capacity of filtration control was further improved with increasing temperatures. This is contrast with conventional filtration reducers that the filtration control capacity deteriorate with increasing temperatures. The microspheres still exhibited superior filtration control after exposure to 240℃. Furthermore, β-CPMs showed little effect on the drilling fluid's rheology. When the temperature was below 160℃, the filtration reduction was obtained by water absorption and swelling of β-CPMs. When the temperature was above 160℃, hydrothermal reaction occurred for β-CPMs. Numerous micro- and nano-sized carbon spheres formed, which bridge across micro and nanopores within filter cake and reduce the filter cake permeability effectively. When the temperature was higher than 160℃, hydrothermal reaction occurs. Carbon spheres generated by the hydrothermal degradation of the β-CPMs, which are responsible for the effective filtration control. The hydrothermal reaction changes the adverse effect of high temperature into favorable improvement of filtration control, which provides a novel avenue for HT and ultra-HT filtration control. The β-CPMs show potential application in deep well drilling as environmental friendly and high temperature filtration reducers.
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Wang, Jianhua, Lili Yan, Fengbao Liu, Haijun Yang, Da Yin, and Xianguang Xu. "Treatment Technology of Brine Contamination and Barite Settlement for the High Temperature and High Density OBM for Ultra-Deep Well Drilling in Western China." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/19543-ms.

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Wang, Jianhua, Lili Yan, Fengbao Liu, Haijun Yang, Da Yin, and Xianguang Xu. "Treatment Technology of Brine Contamination and Barite Settlement for the High Temperature and High Density OBM for Ultra-Deep Well Drilling in Western China." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-19543-ms.

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Yuan, Chengdong, Wanfen Pu, Mikhail Alekseevich Varfolomeev, Aidar Zamilevich Mustafin, Tao Tan, Shuai Zhao, and Rui Liu. "Sweep Improvement Options for Highly Heterogeneous Reservoirs with High Temperature and Ultra-High Salinity: A Case Study in Tarim Basin, China." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207028-ms.

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Abstract How to control excessive water production in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs has always been a challenge, which has been facing many oil reservoirs in Tarim Basin (China), such as Y2 reservoir with an average temperature of 107 ℃, salinity of 213900 mg/L (Ca2++Mg2+&gt;11300mg/L), and permeability from 2 to 2048 mD. In this work, we present experimental studies to determine the potential EOR process for Y2 reservoir from foam flooding, polymer gel/foam flooding, and microgel/surfactant flooding. To simulate the permeability heterogeneity of Y2 reservoir, a 2-D sand-pack model was used for flooding experiments. Vertically, three layers (first 0.6cm, second 0.8cm and third 1.6cm from top to bottom, respectively) were packed with different size sand to simulate permeability heterogeneity (permeability increases from first to third layer). A 0.3 cm higher permeability zone was also filled inside third layer. Horizontally, permeability gradually decreases from middle to two sides. In this model, injection well was vertical, and production well was horizontal. The effect of impermeable interlayer was also studied by isolating the second and third layer. The results show that conformance treatments using in-situ crosslinked gel or micro-gel are necessary before foam or surfactant injection under a high permeability heterogeneity. When an impermeable interlayer existed between the second and third layer, the additional oil recovery of N2 foam flooding, in-situ crosslinked gel/N2 foam flooding, and microgel/surfactant flooding was 16.34%, 20.37%, 17.50%, respectively, which was much higher than that without impermeable interlayer (9.84%, 13.62%, 12.07%). This implies that when multiple layers exist, crossflow between layers is unfavorable for improving oil recovery, which should be paid extra attention in EOR process. Foam flooding has not only a good mobility control capacity but also a good oil displacement ability (verified by visual observations of washed sand after experiments), which, together with the strong conformance control ability of crosslinked gel, makes in-situ crosslinked gel/N2 foam flooding yield the highest displacement efficiency. Generally, for high-temperature and ultra-high-salinity reservoirs with strong heterogeneity like Y2 reservoir, in-situ crosslinked gel/foam flooding can be a good candidate for EOR. This work provides a potential EOR method with high efficiency, i.e. in-situ crosslinked gel assisted N2 foam flooding, for the development of similar reservoirs like Y2 with high temperature, ultra-high salinity, high heterogeneity and multiple layers. Moreover, this work also highlights that, despite that foam has the ability of mobility and profile control, a conformance treatment is necessary to block high permeability zone before foam injection when the reservoirs has a strong heterogeneity.
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Nakagawa, Narihito, Hideki Ohtsubo, Kohji Shibata, Atsuyuki Mitani, Kazutoshi Shimizu, and Yoshiharu Waku. "High Temperature Stability of MGCs Gas Turbine Components in Air and Combustion Gas Flow Environments." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53573.

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Melt growth composites (MGCs) have a unique microstructure, in which continuous networks of single-crystal phases interpenetrate without grain boundaries. Therefore, the MGCs have excellent high-temperature strength characteristics, creep resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal stability in an air atmosphere at very high temperature. To achieve ultra-high thermal efficiency and low NOx emission for gas turbine systems, non-cooled turbine nozzle vanes and heat shield panels of combustor liners has been fabricated on an experimental basis. These components are thermally stable after heat treatment at 1700°C for 1000 hours in an air atmosphere. In addition, we have just started the exposure tests to evaluate the influence of combustion gas flow environment on MGCs.
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Liu, Zhu, Haozhan Su, Jiachen Long, Shuo Cong, Kai Chen, Xianglong Guo, and Lefu Zhang. "Effect of Surface Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steels in High-Temperature Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-90718.

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Abstract The corrosion behavior of two stainless steels (310S and alumina-formed 310S) treated by different surface treatment methods (polishing or grinding) has been investigated after exposed to high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) at 650°C / 20 MPa. The microstructure and microchemistry of materials have been analyzed and compared before and after exposure. The results show that polishing deteriorates the corrosion resistance, while grinding enhances the anti-oxidation and anti-carburization capability of materials. Thick and unprotective Fe-rich oxides are formed on the polished 310S and alumina-formed 310S, which leads to the poor carburization resistance. Much thinner oxides and shallower carburization depths can be observed on the materials treated by grinding. Continuous Cr-rich oxide is formed on the grinded 310S, while outer Cr-rich and inner Al-rich oxides are formed on the grinded alumina-formed 310S. Grinding deforms the surface region of materials. An outer ultra-fine grain layer and an inner highly deformed grain layer are located at the surface, which own fast diffusion paths and enhance the element diffusion rates (especially Cr and Al). This leads to the transition from the formation of unprotective Fe-rich oxide layers to the protective Cr-rich or Al-rich oxide layers, which not only hinders further oxidation of the matrix, but also reduces the carbon permeation. Improved oxidation and carburization resistance therefore occurs on the materials treated by grinding after exposed to high temperature sCO2 environment.
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Останин, S. Ostanin, Миляев, and I. Milyaev. "Nano-magnetic materials for rotors of high-speed and of over-high-speed electromechanical energy converters." In XXIV International Conference. Москва: Infra-m, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23122.

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The &#34;Nano-magnetic materials for rotors of high-speed and of over-high-speed electromechanical energy converters&#34; are developed issues of choice and of research of magnetically hard materials and alloys for rotors of the high-speed and of the ultra high-speed hysteretic electromechanical energy converters; impact of heat treatment modes, hot plastic deformation and sintering temperature on the magnetic, hysteretic properties and characteristics of the base class&#180;s alloys.
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Kondo, Kunio, Yuji Arai, Hiroyuki Hirata, Masahiko Hamada, Keisuke Hitoshio, Nobuyuki Hisamune, and Tsuneo Murase. "Development of High Strength Heavy Wall Seamless Pipes of X80–X100 Grade for Ultra-Deep Water Application." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64079.

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This paper describes the development of high strength heavy wall seamless pipes of X80 to X100 grade for ultra-deep water application. Steel pipes with higher strength generally tend to have low fracture toughness either in pipe body or in weld joint and low weldability. Therefore, improvement of fracture toughness and weldability are particularly important with respect to development of higher strength seamless pipes. Metallurgical research in laboratory test was carried out and the effect of microstructure of quenched and tempered steel on strength and toughness was particularly investigated. As a result uniform lower bainite phase containing no or minimized coarse martensite-austenite (M-A) constituent at a quenched condition is suitable microstructure to perform high strength and high fracture toughness after tempering. The steel having such microstructure showed excellent performance even in the high strength grade of X100. Lowering a transformation temperature from austenite phase to bainite phase during quenching process is effective to obtain suitable microstructure by adding and controlling alloy elements such as Mn, Cr, Mo. In order to suppress an increase in carbon equivalent as Pcm value by addition of alloy element, lowering content of carbon is necessary. As a consequence of the low Pcm value mitigation of hardening in coarse grain heat affected zone (HAZ) and good toughness were confirmed by welding tests. A trial production of the developed steel based on a new metallurgical design mentioned above was conducted by applying inline heat treatment process in medium-size seamless mill. In conjunction with tremendously rapid cooling system of inline heat treatment facility the seamless pipes of the trial production achieve grades X80 of 40 mm wall thickness and X80 to X100 grades of 20 mm WT by changing tempering temperature. A good combination of high strength and good fracture toughness was confirmed.
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