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1

Liu, Anni, Jian Dai, and Kun Xu. "Stable and Low-Spurs Optoelectronic Oscillators: A Review." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122623.

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An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is an optoelectronic hybrid oscillator which utilizes ultra-low loss fiber as an electro-magnetic energy storage element, overcoming the limits of traditional microwave oscillators in phase noise performance. Due to their ability to generate ultra-low phase noise microwave signal, optoelectronic oscillators have attracted considerable attentions and are becoming one of the most promising and powerful microwave signal sources. In this paper, we briefly introduce the operation principle and discuss current research on frequency stability and spurious suppressio
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2

Luiten, A. N., A. G. Mann, A. J. Giles, and D. G. Blair. "Ultra-stable sapphire resonator-oscillator." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 42, no. 2 (1993): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.278600.

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3

Liu, Rui Hong, and Chih Hsiung Shen. "A High Resolution Vernier Ring Oscillator with Ultra-Low Temperature Drift." Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (June 2012): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.795.

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Nowadays, the precise measurement of the time interval between two events with very fine timing resolution is common challenge in the test and measurement instrumentation. This paper present a new high resolution vernier ring oscillator(VRO), which can measures the clock jitter as the operation temperature rises.The goal of this work focuses on the design of a TDC of temperature stable oscillator and we propose an ultra-low temperature drift of a differential delay cell oscillator based on a proportional to absolute temperature(PTAT) compensation methodology. It is very desirable to have a sin
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4

Salzenstein, Patrice, Nathalie Cholley, Alexander Kuna, et al. "Distributed amplified ultra-stable signal quartz oscillator based." Measurement 45, no. 7 (2012): 1937–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.03.035.

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5

Galliou, S., and M. Mourey. "Temperature processing of an ultra stable quartz oscillator." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 48, no. 6 (2001): 1539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/58.971705.

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6

Fluhr, C., B. Dubois, S. Grop, J. Paris, G. Le Tetû, and V. Giordano. "A low power cryocooled autonomous ultra-stable oscillator." Cryogenics 80 (December 2016): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2016.10.007.

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7

Anand, Kumar Singh. "Energy-Efficient Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using TCXO-Based Clock Drift Compensation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 4 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15087351.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in applications that require precise time synchronization, such as industrial automation, fire detection, and environmental monitoring. Synchronization ensures accurate data collection, efficient communication, and optimal energy utilization in battery-powered sensor nodes. Traditional synchronization methods often rely on a combination of low-frequency clocks during sleep mode and high-frequency clocks while active, along with periodic synchronization beacons to maintain time accuracy. However, software-based clock correction techniques suff
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8

Bourgeois, P. Y., Y. Kersalé, N. Bazin, M. Chaubet, and V. Giordano. "Cryogenic opened cavity sapphire resonator for ultra-stable oscillator." Electronics Letters 39, no. 10 (2003): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20030509.

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9

Galliou, Serge, and Marc Mourey. "Electro-thermal simulation of an ultra stable quartz oscillator." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 41, no. 2 (2002): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1290-0729(01)01295-9.

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10

IKEGAMI, Takeshi, and Ken-ichi WATABE. "An Ultra-Stable Microwave Oscillator using a Cryogenic Sapphire Crystal Towards the Most Stable Oscillator on Earth." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 50, no. 6 (2015): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.50.322.

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11

Peng, Jiankang, Liufeng Li, and Lisheng Chen. "A spaceborne neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with nonplanar-ring-oscillator configuration." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 11n12 (2021): 2140007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21400078.

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Due to their excellent noise performance and technical maturity, ultra-stable continuous-wave neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers are one of the major light sources in a series of precision measurements such as ground and space-based gravitational wave detection, inter-satellite laser ranging and coherent optical communication. As the first step of developing an ultra-stable spaceborne laser, we carried out the design, development and environmental test of an all-solid-state Nd:YAG NPRO spaceborne laser. The laser deliveries 11.48 mW of optical power at 1064.405 nm, exhibits intensi
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12

kumari B.S, Priyanka, and Dr Sobhit Saxena. "Design and Analysis of Ultra-low Power Voltage Controlled Oscillator in Nanoscale Technologies." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 12, no. 1 (2024): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.120103.

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In latest wired and wireless communication equipment, VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator) is the major building block and particularly used as the stable high frequency clock generator. VCO performance is measured through frequency range, power supply used, area occupied, power consumption, delay, and phase noise. VCO is the cascaded of odd number of inverter stages in a ring format, hence it is also articulated as a ring oscillator. Today’s portable communication devices are battery operated. Hence, low power and area efficient designs play a key role in battery life enhancement and device si
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13

Rabbi, Md Hasnat, Arqum Ali, Jinbaek Bae, Abul Tooshil, Chanju Park, and Jin Jang. "P‐28: High‐speed Oscillator using Polycrystalline InGaO TFTs by Spray Pyrolysis on Polyimide Substrate for Flexible Electronics." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, no. 1 (2024): 1463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17827.

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We demonstrate high‐performance coplanar thin film transistors (TFTs) on polyimide (PI) substrate, with very thin polycrystalline InGaO (poly‐IGO) thin films deposited by spray‐pyrolysis. The TFTs exhibit saturation mobility (µSAT) of ~39.25 ± 0.73 cm2 V−1 s−1, with excellent uniformity and stable bias stabilities (ΔVTH = +0.3 V for PBTS, ΔVTH = −0.3 V for NBTS). The 7‐stage ring oscillator made of the corresponding TFTs exhibits a very high oscillation frequency of 9.09 MHz at VDD of 15 V with ultra‐low propagation delay time of 7.86 ns/stage.
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14

Zhenghua, Zhou, Yang Chun, Cao Zhewei, Chong Yuhua, and Li Xianghua. "An Ultra-Low Phase Noise and Highly Stable Optoelectronic Oscillator Utilizing IL-PLL." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, no. 4 (2016): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2015.2501369.

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15

Raut, Nabin K., Jeffery Miller, and Jay Sharping. "Progress in Optoelectronic Oscillators." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v24i1.24625.

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An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) generates a spectrally pure and ultra-stable radio frequency signal from a continuous wave laser source (Yao et al. 2004). In a conventional electrical oscillator, the energy storage capacity is limited, which compromises stability of the signal. To address this issue, Yao and Maleki invented the optoelectronic oscillator in 1996. This novel oscillator uses low-loss optical fiber to extend the length of the oscillator and thereby increases the amount of energy that can be stored (Madjar & Tibor 2006). Due to this additional energy storing component in the
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16

Dick, G. J., D. G. Santiago, and R. T. Wang. "Temperature-compensated sapphire resonator for ultra-stable oscillator capability at temperatures above 77 K." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 42, no. 5 (1995): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/58.464836.

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17

Naveed and Jeff Dix. "An Ultra-Low-Power 0.8 V, 60 nW Temperature Sensor for Battery-Less Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 15, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea15010001.

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This work presents a nano-watt digital output temperature sensor featuring a supply-insensitive, self-biased current source. Second-order temperature dependencies of the MOS diode are canceled to produce a stable reference and a linear temperature-sensitive voltage. The sensor integrates a sensing unit, voltage-controlled differential ring oscillators, and a low-power frequency-to-digital converter, utilizing a resistor-less design to minimize power and area. The delay element in the ring oscillator reduces stage count, improving noise performance and compactness. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, the
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18

Liu, Jianguo, Gregory S. Kanter, Shawn X. Wang, and Prem Kumar. "10GHz ultra-stable short optical pulse generation via phase-modulation enhanced dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator." Optics Communications 285, no. 6 (2012): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2011.11.053.

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19

Fu, Hailing, Stephanos Theodossiades, Ben Gunn, Imad Abdallah, and Eleni Chatzi. "Ultra-low frequency energy harvesting using bi-stability and rotary-translational motion in a magnet-tethered oscillator." Nonlinear Dynamics 101, no. 4 (2020): 2131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05889-9.

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Abstract Harvesting ultra-low frequency random vibration, such as human motion or turbine tower oscillations, has always been a challenge, but could enable many potential self-powered sensing applications. In this paper, a methodology to effectively harness this type of energy is proposed using rotary-translational motion and bi-stability. A sphere rolling magnet is designed to oscillate in a tube with two tethering magnets underneath the rolling path, providing two stable positions for the oscillating magnet. The generated magnetic restoring forces are of periodic form with regard to the sphe
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20

Shang, Yaping, Jiangming Xu, Peng Wang, Xiao Li, Pu Zhou, and Xiaojun Xu. "Ultra-stable high-power mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator pumped by a super-fluorescent fiber source." Optics Express 24, no. 19 (2016): 21684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.021684.

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21

Maciuk and Lewińska. "High-Rate Monitoring of Satellite Clocks Using Two Methods of Averaging Time." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23 (2019): 2754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232754.

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Knowledge of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) satellite clock error is crucial in real-time precise point positioning (PPP), seismology, and many other high-rate GNSS applications. In this work, the authors show the characterisation of the atomic GNSS clock’s stability and its dependency on the adopted orbit type using Allan deviation with two methods of averaging time. Four International GNSS Service (IGS) orbit types were used: broadcast, ultra-rapid, rapid and final orbit. The calculations were made using high-rate 1 Hz observations from the IGS stations equipped with external
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22

Fu, Zhenwei, Zhen Zeng, Huan Tian, et al. "Phase-locked dual-frequency microwave signal generation in an optoelectronic oscillator based on frequency mixing mutual injection." Optics Express 32, no. 8 (2024): 13825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.520158.

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An approach to generating stable phase-locked dual-frequency microwave signals is proposed and demonstrated based on a dual-passband optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). Mode gain competition is broken by employing frequency mixing mutual injection effect to realize phase locking between the two oscillation signals, which is achieved by applying a single-tone signal to a microwave mixer in the OEO cavity. In addition, a dual-loop configuration with balanced detection is utilized to ensure a high side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and ultra-low phase noise, which also enhances the stability of the
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23

Hua, Yi, Henrik Tünnermann, Caterina Vidoli та ін. "Packaging of an ultra-stable all-fiber-integrated NALM oscillator at 1 μm center wavelength for FEL facilities". EPJ Web of Conferences 267 (2022): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226702034.

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24

Nand, Nitin R., John G. Hartnett, Eugene N. Ivanov, and Giorgio Santarelli. "Ultra-Stable Very-Low Phase-Noise Signal Source for Very Long Baseline Interferometry Using a Cryocooled Sapphire Oscillator." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 59, no. 11 (2011): 2978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2011.2166976.

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25

NAKAZAWA, M., M. YOSHIDA, and T. HIROOKA. "Ultra-Stable Regeneratively Mode-Locked Laser as an Opto-Electronic Microwave Oscillator and Its Application to Optical Metrology." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E90-C, no. 2 (2007): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietele/e90-c.2.443.

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26

Ruan, Jun, Xinliang Wang, Hui Zhang, et al. "Atom Fountains at NTSC." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012037.

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Abstract Atom fountains as primary frequency standard (PFS) and continuously operated clocks have been developed to improve the local time scale at the National Time Service Center (NTSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cesium fountain NTSC-CsF2 as PFS showed that the type B uncertainty was evaluated at 4.3 × 10−16. Frequency comparisons were completed between NTSC-CsF2 and the SI second through a GNSS link for 14 months, the results of which were consistent with those of the other fountains within the uncertainty. A cryogenic Cs fountain is being developed to reduce the blackbody radiation shif
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27

Wang, Wenxuan, Yi Liu, Xinwei Du, Xiaoxuan Zhong, Changyuan Yu, and Xiangfei Chen. "Ultra-Stable and Real-Time Demultiplexing System of Strong Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Based on Low-Frequency Optoelectronic Oscillator." Journal of Lightwave Technology 38, no. 4 (2020): 981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2019.2949682.

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28

Mrad, Mohamad, Ahmad Tarhini, Pierre-Yves Bourgeois, and Vincent Giordano. "Physics of the sapphire whispering-gallery-mode solid-state MASER oscillator." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 91, no. 3 (2020): 31001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200107.

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The Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator (CSO) is currently the best available technology that can provide a relative frequency stability better than 10−15 with integration times between 1 s and 10,000 s. But, the CSO remains a complex instrument that requires multiple loop controls to achieve the best frequency stability. The possibility to use the sapphire resonator in a self-sustained MASER oscillator presents an elegant alternative to the CSO. Here, sustaining the amplification is achieved through the interaction between a high-Q factor whispering gallery mode and the paramagnetic Fe3+ ions, whic
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29

Jalabert, Eva, and Flavien Mercier. "Analysis of South Atlantic Anomaly perturbations on Sentinel-3A Ultra Stable Oscillator. Impact on DORIS phase measurement and DORIS station positioning." Advances in Space Research 62, no. 1 (2018): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.04.005.

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30

Rasch, Joel, Anders Carlström, Jacob Christensen, and Thomas Liljegren. "The GRAS-2 radio occultation mission." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17, no. 20 (2024): 6213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6213-2024.

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Abstract. The second generation of the Global navigation satellite system Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding (GRAS-2) is a radio occultation (RO) instrument which is capable of providing 2000 atmospheric profiles per day. The instrument is hosted on all satellites in the MetOp Second Generation (MetOp-SG) series for polar orbit operation. The GRAS-2 instruments provide occultation measurements from the Galileo, GPS, and BeiDou satellites at their common frequencies centred at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1176.45 MHz (L5). Using high-gain antennas and an ultra-stable oscillator, neutral bending angles a
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31

Ishak, S. N., J. Sampe, N. A. Nayan, and Z. Yusoff. "A Fast Digital Phase Frequency Detector with Preset Word Frequency Searching in ADPLL for a UHF RFID Reader." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 5 (2022): 9379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5202.

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An All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL) is an architecture that is widely employed in the communication system due to the advancement of the Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology process. A 2.4GHz Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system needs a frequency synthesizer in the local oscillator architecture of the transceiver to generate a stable frequency tuning range Therefore, in this paper, a Digital Phase-Frequency Detector (DPFD) is designed to achieve the phase and frequency acquisition in the ADPLL system. The proposed DPFD is divided into two main parts, the first
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32

Belli, Alexandre, P. Exertier, E. Samain, et al. "Temperature, radiation and aging analysis of the DORIS Ultra Stable Oscillator by means of the Time Transfer by Laser Link experiment on Jason-2." Advances in Space Research 58, no. 12 (2016): 2589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.11.025.

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33

Wang, Kai, Bai-Ke Lin, You-Jian Song, et al. "Low-noise microwave generation based on optical-microwave synchronization." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 4 (2022): 044204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211253.

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Low-noise microwave signals are of vital importance in fields such as cold atomic optical clocks, photon radars, and remote synchronization at large facilities. Here, we report a compact all-optical-fiber method to generate a low noise microwave signal, in which the fiber loop optical-microwave phase detector is used to coherently transfer the frequency stability of the ultra-stable laser to the microwave. Combining a narrow linewidth optical frequency comb and a fiber loop optical-microwave phase discriminator, a tight phase-lock between 7 GHz dielectric oscillator and optical frequency comb
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34

Allahvirdi-Zadeh, Amir, Joseph Awange, Ahmed El-Mowafy, Tong Ding, and Kan Wang. "Stability of CubeSat Clocks and Their Impacts on GNSS Radio Occultation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 2 (2022): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020362.

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems’ radio occultation (GNSS-RO) provides the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) vertical atmospheric profiles that are complementing radiosonde and reanalysis data. Such data are employed in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models used to forecast global weather as well as in climate change studies. Typically, GNSS-RO operates by remotely sensing the bending angles of an occulting GNSS signal measured by larger low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. However, these satellites are faced with complexities in their design and costs. CubeSats, on the other
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35

Nguyen, Viet Khoi, Adria Rovira-Garcia, José Miguel Juan, et al. "Measuring phase scintillation at different frequencies with conventional GNSS receivers operating at 1 Hz." Journal of Geodesy 93, no. 10 (2019): 1985–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01297-z.

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Abstract Ionospheric scintillation causes rapid fluctuations of measurements from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), thus threatening space-based communication and geolocation services. The phenomenon is most intense in equatorial regions, around the equinoxes and in maximum solar cycle conditions. Currently, ionospheric scintillation monitoring receivers (ISMRs) measure scintillation with high-pass filter algorithms involving high sampling rates, e.g. 50 Hz, and highly stable clocks, e.g. an ultra-low-noise Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator. The present paper evolves phase scintill
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36

Choi, Jeong-Ryeol. "Characterizing Quantum Effects in Optically Induced Nanowire Self-Oscillations: Coherent Properties." Photonics 8, no. 7 (2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070237.

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Mechanical properties of metallic-nanowire self-oscillations are investigated through a coherent-state analysis. We focus on elucidating the time behavior of quantum energy in such oscillations, in addition to the analysis of fluctuations, evolution of eigenstates, and oscillatory trajectories. The quantum energy varies somewhat randomly at first, but, at a later time, it undergoes a stable periodical oscillation; the mean energy in the stabilized motion is large when the frequency of the driving force is resonated with that of the intrinsic oscillation of the nanowire. We confirmed that when
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37

Giordano, V., P. Y. Bourgeois, Y. Gruson, et al. "New advances in ultra–stable microwave oscillators." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 32, no. 2 (2005): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2005078.

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38

Wang, Kan, Ahmed El-Mowafy, and Xuhai Yang. "LEO Satellite Clock Modeling and Its Benefits for LEO Kinematic POD." Remote Sensing 15, no. 12 (2023): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15123149.

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High-accuracy Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite clock and orbital products are preconditions to realize LEO augmentation for high-accuracy GNSS-based positioning on the ground. There is a high correlation between the orbit and clock parameters in the kinematic Precise Orbit Determination (POD) process. While future LEO satellites are planned to be equipped with better clocks, the benefits of modeling high-stability LEO satellite clocks are not yet thoroughly investigated, particularly when mid- to long-term systematic effects induced by the complex LEO relativistic effects and the external envir
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39

Cappuccio, Paolo, Andrea Sesta, Mauro Di Benedetto, et al. "Analysis of Radio Science Data from the KaT Instrument of the 3GM Experiment During JUICE’s Early Cruise Phase." Aerospace 12, no. 1 (2025): 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12010056.

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The JUpiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) mission, launched on 14 April 2023, aims to explore Jupiter and its Galilean moons, with arrival in the Jovian system planned for mid-2031. One of the scientific investigations is the Geodesy and Geophysics of Jupiter and the Galilean Moons (3GM) radio science experiment, designed to study the interior structures of Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede and the atmospheres of Jupiter and the Galilean moons. The 3GM experiment employs a Ka-band Transponder (KaT) to enable two-way coherent range and Doppler measurements used for the gravity experiment and an Ultra
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40

Zhu, Zong Jiu, Yuan Yuan Niu, Jia Xing Cai, and Peng Cheng Yan. "Experiment Studying of Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser with Ultra-Small Wavelength Spacing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2479.

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The configurations of Erbium-doped fiber laser and comb filter that work stably have been designed. The stable multiwavelength oscillation of erbium-doped fiber laser with wavelength spacing 0.20nm in 1532nm band had been obtained at liquid nitrogen temperature by optimizing length of erbium-doped fiber and loss of cavity. The experimental results show that, the erbium-doped fiber exhibits obviously different inhomogeneous gain broadening in different band.
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41

Bai, Weihua, Congliang Liu, Xiangguang Meng, et al. "Evaluation of atmospheric profiles derived from single- and zero-difference excess phase processing of BeiDou radio occultation data from the FY-3C GNOS mission." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 2 (2018): 819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-819-2018.

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Abstract. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Occultation Sounder (GNOS) is one of the new-generation payloads onboard the Chinese FengYun 3 (FY-3) series of operational meteorological satellites for sounding the Earth's neutral atmosphere and ionosphere. The GNOS was designed for acquiring setting and rising radio occultation (RO) data by using GNSS signals from both the Chinese BeiDou System (BDS) and the US Global Positioning System (GPS). An ultra-stable oscillator with 1 s stability (Allan deviation) at the level of 10−12 was installed on the FY-3C GNOS, and thus both zero-diffe
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42

Rubiola, E., Y. Gruson, and V. Giordano. "On the flicker noise of ferrite circulators for ultra-stable oscillators." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 51, no. 8 (2004): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2004.1324399.

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43

Rubiola, E., and V. Giordano. "On the 1/f frequency noise in ultra-stable quartz oscillators." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 54, no. 1 (2007): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2007.207.

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44

Watanabe, Yasuaki, Naoto Fujita, Kazuhide Shimizu, Shigeyoshi Goka, and Hitoshi Sekimoto. "Experimental Study on Long-Term Frequency Drift Factors in Ultra-Stable Crystal Oscillators." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 119, no. 7 (1999): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.119.7_810.

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45

Giordano, Vincent, Christophe Fluhr, Serge Grop, and Benoit Dubois. "Tests of Sapphire Crystals Manufactured With Different Growth Processes for Ultra-Stable Microwave Oscillators." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 64, no. 1 (2016): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2015.2503748.

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46

Xing, Chao, Mingqun Liu, Junzhen Peng, et al. "FLC-Based Ultra-Low-Frequency Oscillation Suppression Scheme for Interconnected Power Grids." Energies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061300.

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The appearance of ultra-low-frequency oscillations in the grid at the sending end, after asynchronous grid interconnection, poses a significant threat to the stable operation of the system. For post-asynchronous interconnection in a multi-DC transmission system, an investigation is conducted to analyze the causes of ultra-low-frequency oscillations and the utilization of a Frequency Limit Controller (FLC) which aims to suppress these oscillations. Furthermore, a method is developed to rank DC sensitivity, considering the hydroelectric distribution in the sending-end grid, by combining the DC F
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47

Su, Ziyi, Wenquan Yang, and Jianlong Wan. "Ultra-lean dynamics of holder-stabilized hydrogen-enriched flames in a preheated mesoscale combustor near the laminar critical limit." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 10 (2022): 107117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0111041.

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This work experimentally investigates the ultra-lean dynamics of a 40% H2–60% CH4 flame near the laminar critical limit in a preheated mesoscale combustor with a flame holder. These experiments are conducted to verify a conjecture we proposed in a previous publication and reveal the ultra-lean flame dynamics under the synergistic effects of heat and flow recirculation. Notably, not only is our conjecture confirmed, but also some novel flame behaviors are found. As the equivalence ratio ϕ is decreased from 0.500 to 0.320, the conventional stable flame, stable residual flame, periodic residual f
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Авдєєнко, Гліб Леонідович, Сергій Георгійович Бунін та Теодор Миколайович Наритник. "ТЕРАГЕРЦОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМАХ. ЧАСТИНА 1. ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ЧАСТОТНОГО ДІАПАЗОНУ, ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ВУЗЛІВ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ ТЕРАГЕРЦОВОГО ДІАПАЗОНУ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (14 жовтня 2018): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.10.

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The article presented results of researches conducted by the team of authors devoted to the possibilities of creation for the first time in Ukraine the real prerequisites for solving the fundamental problem of constructing digital telecommunication systems with the use of terahertz technologies. The necessity of transition to the use of the terahertz frequency range substantiated during the deployment of future telecommunication systems of ultra-high bandwidth. The analysis of characteristics of the path of signal propagation and determination of signal losses in conditions of operation of the
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Li, Liufeng, Hui Shen, Jin Bi, Chun Wang, Shasha Lv, and Lisheng Chen. "Analysis of frequency noise in ultra-stable optical oscillators with active control of residual amplitude modulation." Applied Physics B 117, no. 4 (2014): 1025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-014-5923-x.

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Pokharel, A., F. Sthal, J. Imbaud, et al. "Flicker Noise in Quartz Crystal Resonator at 353K as a Function of Q-Factor of Overtones and Anharmonic Modes at 4K." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 17, no. 03 (2018): 1871002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477518710025.

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The unclear physical origin of flicker noise in ultra-stable quartz oscillators is still limiting some practical metrological applications. In this paper, we study experimentally the possible correlations between Q-factor measurements at low temperature (4[Formula: see text]K) and the level of flicker noise at nominal operating temperature (353[Formula: see text]K). Results for 10 Stress-Compensated-cut (SC-cut) resonators with a 5[Formula: see text]MHz resonant frequency and different noise levels (some excellent) are presented and commented, for several overtones and anharmonic modes.
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