Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ultrabasite'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ultrabasite.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Schenk, Wenger Kaarina. "Geochemie, Isotopengeochemie und Datierung penninischer Amphibolite und Meta-Ultrabasite zwischen Simplonpass und Lago di Como (Schweiz, Norditalien) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10290.
Full textOngen, Sinan. "Les échanges métasomatiques entre granitoïdes et encaissants particuliers (calcaires, dolomies, ultrabasites, séries manganésifères) : l’exemple de la péninsule de Biga, Anatolie nord-ouest, Turquie." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10349.
Full textFaithfull, John William. "Petrology and geochemistry of gabbroic and ultrabasic rocks from eastern Rhum." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6867/.
Full textGeorgiou, Elena. "Geologie, petrologie et petrochimie du complexe plutonique de la foret d'akapnou, chypre, et des gites de chromite associes." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2033.
Full textCeuleneer, Georges. "Structures des ophiolites d'Oman : flux mantellaire sous un centre d'expansion d'expansion oceanique et charriage a la dorsale." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665031.
Full textGreenwood, Richard C. "Geology and petrology of the margin of the Rhum ultrabasic intrusion, Inner Hebrides, Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7123.
Full textBENOIT, VINCENT. "Etat d'equilibre de peridotites du manteau superieur : application au plateau du colorado." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077186.
Full textFord, Frederick Dean Carleton University Dissertation Geology. "Petrology of the Flinton Creek ultramafic rocks, central metasedimentary belt, Grenville province." Ottawa, 1989.
Find full textBridges, John Charles. "Platinum-group elements in the ultrabasic rocks of the Braganca and Morais massifs, northern Portugal." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57344/.
Full textFrison, Jean-Yves. "Les peridotites du massif ophiolitique du vourinos (grece) : etude petro-structurale, mise en evidence d'une structure diapirique." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077112.
Full textBen, Jamaa Néjib. "Les peridotites de bay-of-islands (terre neuve) et de cap ortegal (espagne) : approche petro-structurale." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077010.
Full textClark, David 1979. "Petrogenetic and economic significance of the whole-rock chemistry of ultramafic cumulates in the Cape Smith foldbelt, northern Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112390.
Full textNagy, Laszlo. "Ecological investigations on selected species at the Meikle Kilrannoch Ultramafic Outcrops, Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11843.
Full textCrewe, M. A. "The petrogenesis of Archaean basic and ultrabasic rocks from Ujaragssuit nunat, Ivisartoq region, southern West Greenland." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372574.
Full textTabit, Adelhalim. "Equilibre orthopyroxene-spinelle : etude experimentale et theorique, application aux roches issues du manteau superieur." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF21025.
Full textSevin, Brice. "Cartographie du régolithe sur formation ultrabasique de Nouvelle-Calédonie : Localisation dans l’espace et le temps des gisements nickélifères." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NCAL0067/document.
Full textThis work deals with regolith development on ultramafic rocks in New Caledonia. From the Oligocene on, the peridotite Nappe is subject to supergene weathering under wet tropical climate. The weathering mantle (regolith) that develops, led to geological phenomena of which the most remarkable are economie concentrations of Ni and Co. This particular regolith developed on ultramafic rocks, has been extensively studied in the past, especially for its economie interest. A lmowledge synthesis is presented. Data acquired during this work helps identifying the mineralogical, geochemical and geologicalevolution of weathering profiles. An important contribution to the knowledge of the Jess known fine saprolite (or laterite), has been done. Mapping ultramafic units and their weathering mantle (1/50, 000) is based on usual field observations, geomorphology, structural analysis, alterology, hydrogeology, etc. To improve mapping in remote areas, new tools were assessed. The first tool, hyperspectral remote sensing, has been successful used on areas of bare sail, but also to performmineralogical mapping having an interest in mineral exploration (mapping of distribution of iron oxy-hydroxides and of serpentinisation grade). The second method used is the gamma spectrometry to map the late-intrusive dyke network of the ophiolite. The age of formation of the regolith remains difficult to establish. The use of an indirect method by paleomagnetic dating allows for the first time to assign an age to the top-most ferricrete of the weathering profiles. The oldest age obtained (25 Ma) shows that weathering began during Late Oligocene at Thiébaghi and Goro, at both ends of the Grande Terre, butceased at Thiébagi while continuing up to the present period in the south of Massif du Sud (Goro). The paleomagnetic and petrographie study of ferricretes from the West Coast klippen, show the difficulty of finding remnants of the Oligocene surface on these units. Geomorphological observations show evidences of an early dismantling of the regolith onthese units due to large vertical movements. An overview of "post-abduction" events may be proposed by the further study of (i) post-abduction Oligocene sediments (Népoui series) and (ii) Late Oligocene granitoids. The recent discovery of an Early Miocene limestone unit of younger age below the Pindaï conglomerate (Népoui Group) allows to reassess precisely the time of deposition of this torrential conglomerate, consisting mainly of Oligocene regolith elements. Age obtained is very close to that of the Koum granite that has undergone a rapid exhumation (new apatite fission tracks data). A tectonic rather than eustatic cause explains better the large vertical movements responsible for the present geomorphology of the Norfolk Ridge. Slab break off of the overridden plate, responsible for the abduction, allowed the intrusion of Koum granitoid and the uplift of the ridge, du ring the opening of an asthenospheric window. The different rate of uplift between the North and the South of Grande Terre is responsible for the present configuration of peridotite massifs. In the northern part of Massif du Sud, the West Coast and the North of Grande Terre, the ultramafic units are in a mountainous context and nickel deposits are of the saproiite silicate type (a few plateaus have also laterite deposits). In the southern part of Massif du Sud, in a context of basins, nickel deposits are of the oxide lateritic type
Verhulst, Anne. "Pétrognèse du massif ultrabasique-cabonatitique de Kovdor (péninsule de Kola, Russie) :approche minéralogique et géochimique (trace et isotopes)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211628.
Full textRatié, Gildas. "Fractionnement isotopique naturel et anthropique du nickel en contexte ultrabasique : le cas des massifs de Niquelândia et Barro Alto (Etat du Goiás, Brésil)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112229/document.
Full textThe Centre region the West of Brazil possesses ultramafic massifs (UM) with coats lateritic representatives of the reserves and so the important economic resources of Ni. These nickelifere massifs allow to study the cycle of Ni under anthropological constraints by a multidisciplinary approach, associating chemical characterizations, physical measures, solid speciation, and the isotopic drawing of sources and the processes affecting the nickel. This work focused on the use of the isotopes of Ni as tracer aimed at identifying the isotopic signature within several compartments in interactions some with the others (source rock, saprolite, laterite, soil and plants) and to associate the fractionation observed in the biogeochemical processes. Furthermore, because of their economic resources, the studied massifs, Barro Alto and Niquelândia, undergo an important, mining and metallurgical anthropological pressure. So, they offer an opportunity to study the isotopic fractionation of the nickel associated with its anthropological cycle, and to see if it is possible to identify the anthropological contribution in the natural cycle of Ni by its isotopic signature. The results showed that the weathering of rocks UB leads to an isotopic fractionation of Ni, being translated by a loss in heavy isotopes of the solid phase with a Δ⁶⁰Ni of - 0,47 ‰ between the bedrock and the top-soil. This division seems associated at least partially with the incorporation and with the sorption of the light isotopes in iron oxides during the remobilization of Ni. This enrichment in light isotopes in the solid part leads to a heavier isotopic composition in the dissolved phase (waters of massifs: 0.50 ‰ < δ⁶⁰Ni < 0,70 ‰). The saprolitic zone presents an important variation of isotopic signature (δ⁶⁰Ni) from -0,04 ‰ to 1,41 ‰. For samples presenting a heavy isotopic signature, Ni is mainly within the serpentine strongly substituted, when the lighter signatures are in connection with a proportion of Ni more important within the goethite. In a system as this one with a significant number of Ni-bearing phases, it is however very difficult to establish a link between the solid speciation and the isotopic composition. The role of plants in the cycle of Ni was approached by studying the isotopic fractionation of Ni in three species of hyperaccumulating plants of Ni and two species of tolerant plants. There is an isotopic fractionation during the transfer of Ni between the stem and the leaf, which is systematically enriched in heavy isotopes of Ni. The leaves are the compartments of the plants where the Ni contents are the most important. The enrichment in heavy isotopes of Ni in leaves with regard to soils (- 1,05 ± 0,03 ‰ < Δ⁶⁰Ni_sol-feuilles < - 0,06 ± 0,12 ‰) seems to indicate that the return and the decomposition of this organic matter at soil level will come along with a contribution in heavy isotopes of Ni in the soil. The pyrometallurgical activity lead to an isotopic fractionation during the smelting process in reducing conditions which leads to the formaton of the reduction slag. These slags present an enrichment in heavy isotopes (δ⁶⁰Ni = 0,18 ± 0,05 ‰) compared with the feeding material (δ⁶⁰Ni = 0,08 ± 0,08 ‰) and the end product, the FeNi (δ⁶⁰Ni = 0,06 ± 0,02 ‰). Finally, this study shows that the use of the isotopes of Ni to decipher the Ni anthropogenic and natural is limited because of the low fractionation induced by the pyrometallurgical processes in the looks of the big variability of the natural samples within the literature (-1.03 ‰ < δ⁶⁰Ni < 2.50 ‰)
Porokhovoï, Evgueni. "Stabilité à long terme des talus de mines à ciel ouvert dans les massifs de roches basiques et ultrabasiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529344.
Full textBoukhalfa, Lakhdar. "Diversité et signification géodynamique des complexes ultrabasiques/basiques d'âge proterozoïque supérieur du rameau oriental pharusien de la chaîne panafricaine (Hoggar, Algérie)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10040.
Full textKane, Mustapha. "Sur les caractères ophiolitiques du complexe ultrabasique-basique du protérozoïque supérieur des Mauritanides centrales métallogenèse et géochimie des indices de métaux de base associés." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598631x.
Full textRochette, Pierre. "La susceptibilité anisotrope des roches faiblement magnétiques : origines et applications : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745513.
Full textEdou-Minko, Ambroise. "Pétrologie et géochimie des latérites à "stone-line" du gite d'or d'Ovala : application à la prospection en milieu équatorial humide (Gabon)." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2333.
Full textHarris, Raymond Charles 1957. "Calcium metasomatism in the Josephine peridotite, southwest Oregon." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558099.
Full textOUATTARA, NAOMI. "Petrologie, geochimie et metallogenie des sulfures et des elements du groupe du platine des ultrabasites de cote-d'ivoire : signification geodynamique et implications sur les processus de croissance crustale a l'archeen et au paleoproterozoique." Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2059.
Full textYang, Shenghong, and 杨胜洪. "The permian Pobei mafic-ultramafic intrusion (NE Tarim, NW China) and associated sulfide mineralization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45874219.
Full textFernandez, Laure. "Etude géochimique et géochronologique d'un massif basique et ultrabasique des zones internes de la chaîne des Maghrébides (Edough, NE Algégrie) : contraintes sur l'évolution de la Méditerranée Occidentale au Cénozoïque." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS102/document.
Full textThe Edough massif is the Easternmost crystalline massif of the Maghrebide belt. This area presents strong similarities with the internal zones of the Peri-Mediterranean Alpine belt but its evolution stillremains poorly constrained. Edough can be approximated as a metamorphic dome of gneisses and migmatites containing garnet amphibolite and metaperidotites of Sidi Mohamed in its core. In the North, the dome is overlain by a nappe stack constituted by a “melange” unit composed of various lithologies and, upward, by the Kef Lakhal massive amphibolites of oceanic origin. This work is focused on three units containing mafic and ultramafic lithologies i.e. the Sidi Mohamed peridotites, the “melange” unit and the Kef Lakhal amphibolites. The aim of this Ph.D. work is to characterize all three units, to determine their relationships and establish the timing of the main events identified. We chose a combined geochronological-geochemical approach using in situ analyses (major and trace elements, U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes on accessory minerals) and bulk analyses on whole rock/mineral fraction (major and trace elements, Ar-Ar geochronology and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes). We show that the Sidi Mohamed mafic rocks display an affinity with the Alboran mantle. The mantle rocks from Sidi Mohamed display affinities with a subcontinental mantle influenced by subduction processes and late metamorphism at crustal levels. The melange unit is interpreted as a Permo-Carboniferous passive margin. The amphibolite lenses in the mélange unit originate from a mantle modified by subduction processes. This unit contains relics of Ultra-High Pressure rocks as evidenced by the occurrence of diamonds in a megacrystal of garnet showing oceanic affinities. These ultra-high pressure rocks document a prograde stage at ~32 Ma and exhumation to lower crustal levels at ~21 Ma. The Kef Lakhal unit displays oceanic crust-like signatures and characteristics of fluid induced signatures. We interpret the Kef Lakhal amphibolites as a shallow subducted Tethys fragment, which was exhumed at 21 Ma. We propose that the Edough massif represents the Permo-carboniferous passive margin of Africa basement onto which a fragment of the Tethys Ocean was thrusted. The whole massif was finally exhumed as a metamorphic core complex at 18 Ma and experienced fast cooling until ~16 Ma. We relate this fast processes to the interplay between trench and slab movements
Mattsson, Tobias. "The Roots of a Magma Chamber, the Central Intrusion, Rum, NW-Scotland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238320.
Full textÖn Rum är en del av ö-gruppen Inre Hebridéerna i Nordvästra Skottland och består till stor del av magmatiska bergarter som härrör från en vulkan som var aktiv för cirka 60 miljoner år sedan. Vulkanen tillhör den Britiska Paleogena Magmatiska Provinsen och är skapad av mantelplymen som för nuvarande befinner sig under Island. Den nu eroderade vulkanen har en ikonisk status bland geologer världen över på grund av att den minerallagrade magmakammaren som utgör stora delar av ön, alltså själva hjärtat av vulkanen. Long Loch förkastingen delar Rum i två delar och har föreslagits vara huvudledaren av magma in i magmakammaren. Området på ön i anknytning till förkastningen har påverkats mycket av dess rörelser och har namngets den Centrala Intrusionen. Det finns två vitt skilda teorier om hur den Centrala Intrusionen har skapats: (i) den Centrala Intrusionen har skapats genom sättningar i magmakammaren och bildat en gravsänka, eller (ii) nytt material tränger i magmakammaren, vilket leder till upplyftning av magmakammar golvet som följs av sättning och bildar en gravsänka. I denna masteravhandling testades hypotesen ’Long Loch förkastningen var den primära magmaledaren till magmakammaren idag exponerad på Rum’ genom fältarbete, 3D modellering, petrografi, och geokemiska analyser (FTIR, Mikrosond och barometri). Resulatet visar att den Centrala Intrusionen genomskärs av flera förskastningsgrenar till Long Loch förkastningen vilka tillsammans formar ett tulpan mönster (en typ av gravsänka) som indikerar att en zon av flytande magma (magmaledare) låg under den Centrala Intrusionen när vulkanen var aktiv. Magman från zonen underlättade gravsänka bildandet genom att dela minerallagren i stora block och att intrudera mellan lager och fungera som glidmedel, vilket betyder att båda teorierna kan appliceras på bildandet av den Centrala intrusionen. FTIR och barometri analyserna visar att den intruderade magma var mycket vattenrik och och kom från en magmakammere på 15 km djup. Long Loch förkastningens rörelser stängde och öppnade magmakanalen, vilket orsakade att kristallrik magma intruderade i pulser.
Delgado-Argote, Luis Alberto 1953. "Geologic and economic study of ultramafic complexes of the coast of Guerrero, Mexico." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558060.
Full textGao, Jianfeng, and 高剑峰. "Petrogenesis of permian sulfide-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions insoutheast Chinese Altay and east Tianshan, NW China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617801.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Kane, Mustapha. "Sur les caractères ophiolitiques du complexe ultrabasique-basique du proterozoïque supérieur des Mauritanides centrales : Métallogénèse et géochimie des indices de métaux de base associés et guides de prospection (pour une ophiolitisation au Précambrien)." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN1A027.
Full textPellet, Thierry. "Origine et évolution des péridotites à grenat des séries cristallophylliennes du Massif Central français." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00722255.
Full textNoack, Yves. "Differenciation entre altération météorique et altération hydrothermale : applications aux minéraux ubiquistes : talc, chlorites, serpentines; pétrologie, minéralogie, géochimie." Poitiers, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985POIT2021.
Full textScoon, Roger N. "Discordant bodies of postcumulis, ultramafic rock in the upper critical zone of the Bushveld complex : iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite bodies at Amandelbult and the Driekop platiniferous ultramafic pipe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004912.
Full textPhillips, David. "Mineralogy and petrology of the Townlands iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007617.
Full textKMBT_363
Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
Dupont, Pierre-Luc. "Pétrologie et géochimie des ensembles magmatiques pharusien I et II, dans le rameau oriental de la chaîne pharusienne (Hoggar, Algérie) : Implications géodynamiques pour l'évolution d'une chaîne mobile au protérozoïque supérieur." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10332.
Full textMcCulloch, William Robert. "Metasomatism between amphibolite and metaultramafic rocks during upper amphibolite facies metamorphism, Tobacco Root Mountains, southwest Montana." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3904.
Full textRemond, Sylvie. "Diversité des cumulats ophiolitiques du Massif de Limassol Forest (Chypre)." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10359.
Full textPasquet, Camille. "Evaluation de la biodisponibilité du nickel, cobalt et manganèse dans les poussières de sols ultramafiques et développement d'un outil de bioindication lichénique des poussières émises par les activités minières en Nouvelle Calédonie." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NCAL0008/document.
Full textBioavailability estimation of nickel, cobalt and manganese in dust from ultramafic soils likely to be mobilized by wind and~eve lopment of a bioindication tool using lichen for dust emitted by mining activities in New Caledonia New Caledonian altered ultramafic soils, particularly rich in Ni, Co, Mn and Cr, are extracted by opencast mines which generale dust rich in metals. The objective of th is work is to develop approaches for environmental risk assessment of dust emitted by opencast mines and nickel ore metallurgical plants. The assessmentof metals' bioavailable fraction from two dust granulometrie size fractions, one less than 100 IJm which is mobilizable by wind (F<1001Jm,) and another one able to penetrate the respiratory system (PM 1 0), has been determined by kinetic extraction with EDT A. The development of a new separation deviee based on particle transport subjected to a nitrogen flux in a horizontal tube has been necessary for PM1 0 segregation. Kinetic extractions le ad to the distinction of th ree metal pools: rapidly labile, less rapidly labile and non-bioavailable. Trace metal potentially bioavailable concentrations were always high and the less rapidly labile pool is always the most concentrated pool. Concerning F<1 001Jm, the less rapidly kinetic constant of the less rapidly labile pool is weaker for mining soils than forest soils. F<1001Jm fractions from mining soils representa more durable reserve in trace metal than the same fraction from forest soils. Bioindication using lichens with compositional data analysis of their metal concentration allow defining an indicator of emission dispersion. This methodology could support air quality monitoring networks in New Caledonia
Gueddari, Khalid. "Approche géochimique et physico-chimique de la différenciation des éléments du groupe du platine (PGE) et de l'or dans le manteau supèrieur bético-rifain et dans les xénolites de péridotites sous continentales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10031.
Full textNcube, Sinikiwe. "The origin and petrogenesis of the ultramafic enclaves at Unki mine, Selukwe Subchamber, Great Dyke, Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textSlagel, Matthew M. "Experimental melting of phlogopite-calcite assemblages : applications to the evolution and emplacement of silicocarbonatite magmas in the crust /." 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9943118.
Full textde, Obeso Juan Carlos. "Tracing alteration of ultramafic rocks in the Samail ophiolite." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-7npv-3g23.
Full textGagnon, Marie-des-Neiges. "Paragenèse des alliages de fer-nickel dans les roches ultramafiques serpentinisées des complexes ophiolitiques appalachiens du sud-est du Québec." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3554/1/M11517.pdf.
Full textDeseta, Natalie. "Constraints on the formation of ultramafic and mafic pseudotachylytes in the Schistes Lustre complex, Corsica." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15339.
Full textIntermediate-depth earthquakes occur at depths of 60 – 300 km at these depths high confining pressure inhibits brittle failure from generating earthquakes. Fault-related pseudotachylytes from Corsica are exhumed paleofaults from a high pressure, low temperature subduction zone environment, and are considered analogues of intermediate-depth earthquakes. Hence, it is important to analyse the physico-chemical processes by which these pseudotachylytes form in order to gain primary insight into the controls of their formation and how this seemingly paradoxical process takes place. Up until the recent discovery of high pressure pseudotachylytes there was no known direct method of evaluating the formation mechanisms of intermediate-depth earthquakes. High pressure pseudotachylytes found in subduction complexes are regarded as relict paleo-earthquakes. Previous research aimed at understanding the generation of these phenomena and the role of fluids on their origin has been based on seismic, experimental and numerical modelling. The principal aims of this project were to carry out detailed geochemical, petrographic and microtextural analyses of such pseudotachylytes located in the Eocene Schistes Lustres Complex, Corsica, and to determine whether the data from natural samples corroborate current models. The pseudotachylytes in this study reside in peridotitic and metagabbroic lozenges enclosed within serpentinites. Pseudotachylytes are notoriously complex and messy, with compositions that vary widely over small distances (< 1 mm). For this reason the pseudotachylytes in this study were systematically analysed from the outcropscale to the micron-scale according to their wallrock type. From these data it was observed that greenschist and blueschist facies hydrous minerals present in the peridotite and metagabbro wallrocks were entrained into pseudotachylyte fault veins. Back scatter electron (BSE) imaging shows that these hydrous minerals underwent wholesale fusion in the melt. No evidence for prograde dehydration reactions was observed in the wallrocks or in association with the pseudotachylytes. Electron microprobe analyses (EPMA) of the bulk matrix of the pseudotachylytes revealed variable H2O content, 0 – 14 wt % in peridotite-pseudotachylytes and 0 – 4 wt % in metagabbro-hosted pseudotachylytes. The principal minerals that underwent fusion are: clinopyroxene, plagioclase, glaucophane, Mg-hornblende and actinolite (metagabbro- hosted) pseudotachylyte), and olivine, orthopyroxene clinopryroxene, chlorite, serpentine and tremolite (peridotite-hosted pseudotachylyte). The bulk of H2O entering the melt remained in solution until it reached supersaturation, upon which it exsolved to form fluid-rich, vesicular veins. Cuspate and lobate rims of microlites (omphacite, clinopyroxene, olivine and orthopyroxene) along the boundaries of hydrous veins indicate that the melt was still molten when the fluids exsolved. The presence of hydrous fluids in the melt appears to have enhanced the fracturing process. Fault veins hosted by peridotite that have the greatest H2O content are the thickest, have more chaotic injection networks and exhibit more cataclastic deformation features than the anhydrous fault veins observed. With regard to the mechanism of pseudotachylyte generation, it is clear that water present in hydrous minerals or entrapped in the crystal lattices of anhydrous minerals plays a fundamental role in facilitating intermediate-depth earthquakes through hydrolytic weakening. A melt richer in hydrous fluid also has a lower viscosity, facilitating fault slip. Dissolved H2O is also a flux and may enhance further melting of the wallrock, relative to an anhydrous pseudotachylyte vein. Sheared, kinked and twinned wallrock minerals and survivor clasts associated with the pseudotachylyte fault veins indicate crystal-plastic deformation. No significant grain size reduction was observed in proximity to fault veins. The grain size of wallrock minerals at fault vein boundaries ranges from 5 – 20 mm. From this it was inferred that the mechanism of deformation is controlled by power law creep, temperature and high strain rate. The presence of metastable high temperature crystallisation products in the pseudotachylyte such as hoppers and dendrites of olivine, orthopyroxene and diopside (in peridotite) and Al-rich omphacite and Fe-rich anorthite (in metagabbro), are suggestive of a short-lived high temperature event resulting from thermal instability. These high temperature mineral assemblages are overprinted by ones indicating a return to ambient conditions (lower temperatures, but still high pressures), namely, glaucophane, albite and epidote (in metagabbro) and clinochore, fine-grained granoblastic olivine, enstatite and diopside (in peridotite). The observations from this detailed study of natural samples suggest that intermediate-depth seismicity may be generated by a thermal runaway process.
Collins, Patrick G. "A petrographic and geochemical characterization and the evaluation of the exploration potential for nickel sulfides in several mafic-ultramafic intrusive complexes in Newfoundland /." 2007. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,57846.
Full textEvans, Owen. "Models of Reactive-Brittle Dynamics in the Earth's Lithosphere with Applications to Hydration and Carbonation of Mantle Peridotite." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-kbw6-8950.
Full textVan, Schalkwyk John Francois. "Metamorphism of ultramafic rocks during the Limpopo orogeny : evidence for the timing and significance of CO2-rich fluids." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11669.
Full textEvans, Richard John. "Mafic, ultramafic and anorthositic rocks of the Tete complex, Mozambique : petrology, age and significance." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7460.
Full textThe ca. 800 km2 Tete Complex of NW Mozambique is located at the eastern end of the 830 ±30 Ma Zambezi Belt, near the transition zone into the Neoproterozoic Mozambique Belt. The Complex is located just south of the Sanangoe Shear Zone where Mesozoic and Late Palaeozoic cover rocks obscure much of the region. Country rocks immediately in contact with the Tete Complex include amphibolitic gneiss, graphite-bearing marble, calcsilicate gneiss, muscovite and biotite schist and quartzite of the Chidue Group. The Tete Complex may have been intrusive into the Chidue Group, although there is evidence inferring tectonic emplacement. Those few contact exposures that exist are equivocal. Some of the rocks within the Tete Complex have been affected by metamorphism up to amphibolite grade, although large proportions of the rocks retain pristine magmatic mineralogy and texture. The Tete Complex contains mafic, ultramafic and anorthositic rocks, dolerite dykes and minor Fe-Ti oxide-rich rocks that occur as rubble. Pyroxenite occurs as thin (<1-2 m), cumulate layers within gabbroic rocks. Most exposed anorthositic rocks occur in the Nyangoma area in the eastern part of the Tete Complex. The anorthosites and leucotroctolites are massive, coarse grained (2-3 cm), and contain plagioclase (An47-An57) megacrysts up to 10 cm in length, interstitial olivine (Fo59-Fobs) and orthopyroxene (En59- En75, mean A1203 = 1.84 wt.%) rimmed by clinopyroxene (mean = Wo 46En38Fs i6), pyrite and Fe-Ti oxides. Secondary biotite, iddingsite, epidote and green spinet are present. The stable coexistence of olivine and plagioclase limits the depth of emplacement to <7-8 kbar, or <20- 25 km; a relatively shallow level of emplacement is favored by the generally fine grain size of the gabbroic and doleritic rocks. Compositions of coexisting plagioclase and mafic silicates (orthopyroxene and olivine) are similar to those of massif-type anorthosites. Previously unmapped meta-anorthosite occurs along the western and northern margin (within the Sanangoe Shear Zone) of the Tete Complex and has been metamorphosed to amphibolite grade. The rock contains plagioclase (An38-An39), with the more Ab-rich compositions related to the formation of garnet (mean = A1m67GrotsPYI6Sp2). Metamorphic orthopyroxene (Enso-En53), clinopyroxene (mean = Wo37En38Fs25), mizzonitic scapolite (Me63), amphibole, biotite and apatite are present. High Cl contents in amphibole, scapolite and biotite (e.g., up to 4.7 wt. % in amphibole), suggest that a Cl-rich metamorphic fluid infiltrated the western margin of the Tete Complex. Olivine melagabbro from the north-central part of the Tete Complex contains plagioclase (An70-An26), olivine (Fo82-Fos4) and clinopyroxene (mean = WanEn1Fs0.2, mean A1203 = 2.56 wt. %), with primitive compositions compared to those in Nyangoma anorthositic rocks and pyroxenites. Pyroxenites are modally dominated by clinopyroxene (mean = Wo46-48En36-39Fsi3-18) with accessory interstitial plagioclases (Ano-An45) and discrete and exsolved orthopyroxenes (En 56-En75). Clinopyroxenes with high A1203 contents up to 9 wt. % are similar to high-Al pyroxene megacrysts. One sample of pyroxenite contains orthopyroxene (En56-En60) and plagioclase (An40-An45) with more evolved compositions compared to those in Nyangoma anorthositic rocks and olivine melagabbro. Normal Fe4- and Na-enrichment trends accompanying fractionation from magmas that may be common to the Nyangoma anorthositic rocks, pyroxenites and olivine melagabbro, are associated with an increase in Al relative to Cr along a line of nearly constant relative Ti content. Gabbro contains olivine and plagioclase crystals that are commonly zoned, thus ranging widely in composition (Fool -Fos°, Anss-Ans2)• Clinopyroxene (mean = Wo36En47Fsi6) constitutes ca. 34 modal % of gabbro. New whole-rock (Nyangoma anorthosite and leucotroctolite) and mineral (plagioclase, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene) Sm-Nd isotopic data yields ages between 975 ±33 Ma and 1041 ±131 Ma. The igneous crystallization age of the anorthositic rocks is estimated at 1025 ±79 Ma (9-point whole-rock regression). Rb-Sr isotopic compositions for whole-rock samples reveal no meaningful age relationships. Initial Nd isotopic compositions (calculated at 1.0 Ga) correspond to E Nd values between +3.5 and +4.5 (mean = +4.1) with Is, = 0.70276 — 0.70288 (mean = 0.70282), both inferring magmatic derivation from a depleted mantle source, possibly with little or no contamination by Archaean crustal components. TDM model ages range between 1074 and 1280 Ma (mean = 1148 Ma). There is a striking similarity between the Tete Complex anorthosites and those of SW Madagascar in terms of Nd isotopic compositions and the nature of country rocks; in both regions the anorthosites were emplaced either magmatically or tectonically into shelf-type supracrustal metasediments (marbles, quartzites, graphitic schists, etc.). Anorthosites intruded similar country rocks in Draining Maud Land, eastern Antarctica. Although anorthosites from Mozambique and Madagascar share a common depleted mantle signature with little or no contamination by Archaean crustal components, a direct stratigraphic correlation between these two areas (and possibly eastern Antarctica), awaits further geological and geochronological data.
Siebert, Stefan John. "Vegetation on the ultramafic soils of the Sekhukhuneland Centre of Endemism." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29756.
Full text