Journal articles: 'Ultracapacitor voltage control'

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Sun, Tao, Yu Kun Sun, and Xiang Wang. "Study on a Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy of Regenerative Brake for Vehicular Hybrid Power Source." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1547.

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Due to the lack of cruising ability in HEV(Hybrid Electric Vehicle), along with concerns about environmental issues, a hybrid power source built from a battery and an ultracapacitor is used as vehicular power source and is charged during braking processes. Based on the rule of “the lower ultracapacitor voltage, the less battery charging; the higher ultracapacitor voltage, the more battery charging”, this paper adopts a fuzzy logic control strategy to supervise the braking energy. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK indicate that this method can effectively manage the energy distribution during regenerative braking processes and extend driving distance. Furthermore, the present approach provides an improvement in fuel economy and reduces pollutant emissions.

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Han, Wei We, Jian Ru Wan, Shao Lun Huang, and Qing You Dai. "Modeling and Simulation of Elevator as Energy Saving System Based on Isolation Bidirectional DC/DC Converter." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.233.

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To solve the problem as influence of feedback elevator energy saving device on power quality and high cost of ultracapacitor storage elevator energy saving device, isolation bidirectional DC/DC converter is used. By analysis and modeling of isolation bidirectional DC/DC converter with small signal analysis method, double loop PI control strategy is introduced. The technical difficulty that high transformation ratio transform of DC bus voltage to ultracapacitor voltage is overcome. Cost of elevator energy saving device is reduced at the same time when storage and reuse of elevator feedback energy are realized. Based on the advantage of high current discharge, high current provided by ultracapacitor reduces impact on power grid when elevator starts. The effectiveness and feasibility of the control method is proved through MATLAB/Simulink simulation.

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Pavković, Danijel, Mihael Cipek, Zdenko Kljaić, Tomislav Mlinarić, Mario Hrgetić, and Davor Zorc. "Damping Optimum-Based Design of Control Strategy Suitable for Battery/Ultracapacitor Electric Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 2854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102854.

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This contribution outlines the design of electric vehicle direct-current (DC) bus control system supplied by a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system, and its coordination with the fully electrified vehicle driveline control system. The control strategy features an upper-level DC bus voltage feedback controller and a direct load compensator for stiff tracking of variable (speed-dependent) voltage target. The inner control level, comprising dedicated battery and ultracapacitor current controllers, is commanded by an intermediate-level control scheme which dynamically distributes the upper-level current command between the ultracapacitor and the battery energy storage systems. The feedback control system is designed and analytical expressions for feedback controller parameters are obtained by using the damping optimum criterion. The proposed methodology is verified by means of simulations and experimentally for different realistic operating regimes, including electric vehicle DC bus load step change, hybrid energy storage system charging/discharging, and electric vehicle driveline subject to New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), Urban Driving Dynamometer Schedule (UDDS), New York Certification Cycle (NYCC) and California Unified Cycle (LA92), as well as for abrupt acceleration/deceleration regimes.

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Jayalakshmi, N. S., and D. N. Gaonkar. "A New Control Method to Mitigate Power Fluctuations for Grid Integrated PV/Wind Hybrid Power System Using Ultracapacitors." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 17, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2015-0183.

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Abstract The output power obtained from solar-wind hybrid system fluctuates with changes in weather conditions. These power fluctuations cause adverse effects on the voltage, frequency and transient stability of the utility grid. In this paper, a control method is presented for power smoothing of grid integrated PV/wind hybrid system using ultracapacitors in a DC coupled structure. The power fluctuations of hybrid system are mitigated and smoothed power is supplied to the utility grid. In this work both photovoltaic (PV) panels and the wind generator are controlled to operate at their maximum power point. The grid side inverter control strategy presented in this paper maintains DC link voltage constant while injecting power to the grid at unity power factor considering different operating conditions. Actual solar irradiation and wind speed data are used in this study to evaluate the performance of the developed system using MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation results show that output power fluctuations of solar-wind hybrid system can be significantly mitigated using the ultracapacitor based storage system.

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Tan, Boon Kai, Nadia M. L. Tan, and Agileswari Ramasamy. "Design of a Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System with Power Flow Control for an Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp286-296.

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A combination of battery and ultracapacitor as a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of an electric vehicle (EV) can result in better acceleration performance, reduce battery charge-discharge cycle and longer driving range. This paper presents a new converter design combining triple-half-bridge (THB) and buck-boost half-bridge (BHB) converters in a battery-ultracapacitor HESS. The BHB converter is used to compensate the voltage variation of the ultracapacitor. A power management system is proposed to control the power of battery and ultracapacitor to supply the demanded power. This paper describes the operation of the proposed converter using a simplified ∆-type primary-referred equivalent circuit. This paper also shows the simulation results verifying the dynamic response of the proposed power management system for the proposed HESS.

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Greenwell, Wes, and Ardalan Vahidi. "Predictive Control of Voltage and Current in a Fuel Cell–Ultracapacitor Hybrid." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 57, no. 6 (June 2010): 1954–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2031663.

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Shtessel, Yuri B., Malek Ghanes, and Roshini S. Ashok. "Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Ultracapacitor Based Electric Power System Sliding Mode Control: Electric Vehicle Application." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112798.

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Control of a perturbed electric power system comprised of a hydrogen fuel cell (HFC), boost and boost/buck DC–DC power converters, and the ultra-capacitor (UC) is considered within an electric vehicle application. A relative degree approach was applied to control the servomotor speed, which is the main controllable load of the electric car. This control is achieved in the presence of the torque disturbances via directly controlling the armature voltage. The direct voltage control was accomplished by controlling the HFC voltage and the UC current in the presence of the model uncertainties. Controlling the HFC and UC current based on the power balance approach eliminated the non-minimum phase property of the DC–DC boost converter. Conventional first order sliding mode controllers (1-SMC) were employed to control the output voltage of the DC–DC boost power converter and the load current of the UC. The current in HFC and the servomotor speed were controlled by the adaptive-gain second order SMC (2-ASMC). The efficiency and robustness of the HFC/UC-based electric power systems controlled by 1-SMC and 2-ASMC were confirmed on a case study of electric car speed control via computer simulations.

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Erawan, Minhat Ade, Khamis Nor Hisham, Azli Yahya, Andromeda Trias, Juli Purwanto Nugroho Kartiko, Safura Hashim Nor Liyana, Mahmud Nazriah, and M. Daud Razak. "Control Strategy for Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Pulse Power Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.643.

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Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a advanced machine that can control electrical spark to erode metal on the workpiece. In manufacturing, EDM is used on hard material parts that are extremely difficult to machine by conventional machining processes. EDM system consists of a shaped tool and the work piece, which are connected to a power supply and placed in a dielectric fluid. EDM pulse power generator applies voltage and current pulses between the electrode and workpiece to generate sparks through the gap. To obtain the optimum metarial removal rate (MRR), a good alternative is to improve the gap voltage and gap current. A proposed solution to these issue is combining ultracapacitor bank to the main power supply circuit for EDM machines. The control feedback of this research is designed to make sure that the current on DC bus is maintained at current setting during the machining processes.

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Bejaoui, Fatah, Chokri Mechmeche, Ali Sghaier Tlili, and Hamed Yahoui. "Design and implementation of a hybrid control for the energy management system in electric traction." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, no. 10 (July 10, 2020): 1075–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651820932677.

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This article intends designing and implementing a hysteresis current controller for the energy management system within an electric traction to maintain the output voltage in a certain interval whatever the disturbances to the system. The energy management system within an electric traction encompasses a battery functioning as a fuel cell within the primary energy source, an ultracapacitor considered as an auxiliary source and two direct current to direct current converters renowned as boost and buck/boost converters, whose modeling is constantly contemplated as a very difficult task. As a matter of fact, these converters are designed as switching circuits with a prevalent change of structures, which makes them strongly nonlinear. Thereby, they can be assumed as hybrid dynamical systems whose continuous parts are especially characterized by electrical magnitudes, namely, the currents and voltages in the converters, and whose discrete part is illustrated by the high-frequency switching metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor which demands faster control mechanisms to ensure proper regulation of the output voltage of two direct current to direct current converters. The validity and effectiveness strategy control of the energy management system are highlighted by numerical simulation as well as by experimental implementation on the DSPACE1104 R&D Controller Board.

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Radmanesh, Hamid, Seyed Saeid Heidari Yazdi, G. B. Gharehpetian, and S. H. Fathi. "Modelling and Simulation of Fuel Cell Dynamics for Electrical Energy Usage of Hercules Airplanes." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/593121.

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Dynamics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) with hydrogen storage system for generating part of Hercules airplanes electrical energy is presented. Feasibility of using fuel cell (FC) for this airplane is evaluated by means of simulations. Temperature change and dual layer capacity effect are considered in all simulations. Using a three-level 3-phase inverter, FC’s output voltage is connected to the essential bus of the airplane. Moreover, it is possible to connect FC’s output voltage to airplane DC bus alternatively. PID controller is presented to control flow of hydrogen and oxygen to FC and improve transient and steady state responses of the output voltage to load disturbances. FC’s output voltage is regulated via an ultracapacitor. Simulations are carried out via MATLAB/SIMULINK and results show that the load tracking and output voltage regulation are acceptable. The proposed system utilizes an electrolyser to generate hydrogen and a tank for storage. Therefore, there is no need for batteries. Moreover, the generated oxygen could be used in other applications in airplane.

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Yuan, Wen-Poo, Se-Min Jeong, Wu-Yang Sean, and Yi-Hsien Chiang. "Development of Enhancing Battery Management for Reusing Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery." Energies 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133306.

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In this study, a battery management system (BMS) is developed for reused lithium-ion battery (RLIB). Additional enhancing functions of battery management are established, i.e., estimation of life-sensitized parameters and life extension. Life-sensitizing parameters mainly include open-circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistances (IRs). They are sensitized parameters individually relative to state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). For estimating these two parameters, an adaptive control scheme is implemented in BMS. This online adaptive control approach has been extensively applied to nonlinear systems with uncertainties. In two experiments, OCV and IRs of reused battery packs are accurately extracted from working voltage and discharge current. An offline numerical model using a schematic method is applied to verify the applicability and efficiency of this proposed online scheme. Furthermore, a solution of actively extending life by using an ultracapacitor to share peak power of RLIB through adjusting duty ratio is also proposed. It is shown that this enhancing battery management for RLIB can properly estimate OCV and IRs, and actively extend the life of the RLIB in two experiments.

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Palla, Naresh, and V. Seshadri Sravan Kumar. "Coordinated Control of PV-Ultracapacitor System for Enhanced Operation Under Variable Solar Irradiance and Short-Term Voltage Dips." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 211809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040058.

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13

Bhosale, Ramchandra, and Vivek Agarwal. "Fuzzy Logic Control of the Ultracapacitor Interface for Enhanced Transient Response and Voltage Stability of a DC Microgrid." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 1 (January 2019): 712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2870349.

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14

Lai, Ching-Ming, Jiashen Teh, Yuan-Chih Lin, and Yitao Liu. "Study of a Bidirectional Power Converter Integrated with Battery/Ultracapacitor Dual-Energy Storage." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051234.

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A patented bidirectional power converter was studied as an interface to connect the DC-bus of driving inverter, battery energy storage (BES), and ultracapacitor (UC) to solve the problem that the driving motor damages the battery life during acceleration and deceleration in electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed concept was to adopt a multiport switch to control the power flow and achieve the different operating mode transitions for the better utilization of energy. In addition, in order to improve the conversion efficiency, the proposed converter used a coupled inductor and interleaved-pulse-width-modulation (IPWM) control to achieve a high voltage conversion ratio (i.e., bidirectional high step-up/down conversion characteristics). This study discussed the steady-state operation and characteristic analysis of the proposed converter. Finally, a 500 W power converter prototype with specifications of 72 V DC-bus, 24 V BES, and 48 V UC was built, and the feasibility was verified by simulation and experiment results. The highest efficiency points of the realized prototype were 97.4%, 95.5%, 97.2%, 97.1%, and 95.3% for the UC charge, battery charge, UC discharge, the dual-energy in series discharge, and battery discharge modes, respectively.

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Aryan Nezhad, Mohsen, and Hassan Bevrani. "Real-time AC voltage control and power-following of a combined proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and ultracapacitor bank with nonlinear loads." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 33 (August 2017): 21279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.162.

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Zhang, Xiaoyong, Jiaxuan Lei, Heng Li, Hongtao Liao, and Jun Peng. "Cooperative Control for Multi-Module Charging Systems of Ultracapacitors." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 5218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195218.

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Ultracapacitors have recently received great attention for energy storage due to their small pollution, high power density, and long lifetime. In many applications, ultracapacitors need to be charged with a high current, where a multi-module charging system is typically adopted. Although the classical decentralized control method can control the charging process of ultracapacitors, there exists a problem that the charging current may be imbalanced among charging modules. In this paper, a cooperative cascade charging method is proposed for the multi-module charging system to reduce the current imbalance among charging modules. First, the state-space averaging method and graph theory are used to model the multiple-module charging system. Second, an effective cooperative cascade control is proposed, where the outer voltage loop stabilizes the output voltage to the desired voltage and the inner current loop guarantees the current of each charger to follow the target current. The block diagram is used to establish the closed-loop model of the charging system. In order to evaluate the proposed charging method, a laboratory prototype was established. Compared with the classical decentralized method, this method can effectively suppress the current imbalance, which is proved by simulation and experimental results.

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Snoussi, Jamila, Seifeddine Ben Elghali, Mohamed Benbouzid, and Mohamed Mimouni. "Auto-Adaptive Filtering-Based Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082118.

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The global need to solve pollution problems has conducted automotive engineers to promote the development and the use of electric vehicle technologies. This paper focuses on the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle which uses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as a main source associated to hybrid storage device: lithium ion battery and ultracapacitors. A common interest in such technology is to spread out the energy flow between its different sources in order to satisfy the power demand for any requested mission. However, the challenging task stills the optimization of this split to reduce hydrogen consumption and respect, at the same time, the system limitations such as admissible limits of storage system capacities and battery current variation. An adaptive filtering-based energy management strategy is proposed in this paper to ensure an optimum distribution of the energy between the sources taking into account dynamic and energetic constraints of each device. For more performance, a fuzzy logic system is used to adapt the frequency of separation with the system state evolution. A sliding mode control is applied to control electric characteristics (voltage and currents) in the considered hybrid power supply. Simulation results, obtained under MATLAB®/SimPowerSystems® for four driving cycles are presented. The proposed strategy achieved good performances by respecting the ultracapacitors state of charge while preserving the battery lifetime under various driving missions.

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Ahmad, Javed, Mohammad Zaid, Adil Sarwar, Chang-Hua Lin, Mohammed Asim, Raj Kumar Yadav, Mohd Tariq, Kuntal Satpathi, and Basem Alamri. "A New High-Gain DC-DC Converter with Continuous Input Current for DC Microgrid Applications." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092629.

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The growth of renewable energy in the last two decades has led to the development of new power electronic converters. The DC microgrid can operate in standalone mode, or it can be grid-connected. A DC microgrid consists of various distributed generation (DG) units like solar PV arrays, fuel cells, ultracapacitors, and microturbines. The DC-DC converter plays an important role in boosting the output voltage in DC microgrids. DC-DC converters are needed to boost the output voltage so that a common voltage from different sources is available at the DC link. A conventional boost converter (CBC) suffers from the problem of limited voltage gain, and the stress across the switch is usually equal to the output voltage. The output from DG sources is low and requires high-gain boost converters to enhance the output voltage. In this paper, a new high-gain DC-DC converter with quadratic voltage gain and reduced voltage stress across switching devices was proposed. The proposed converter was an improvement over the CBC and quadratic boost converter (QBC). The converter utilized only two switched inductors, two capacitors, and two switches to achieve the gain. The converter was compared with other recently developed topologies in terms of stress, the number of passive components, and voltage stress across switching devices. The loss analysis also was done using the Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation (PLCES). The experimental and theoretical analyses closely agreed with each other.

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El Mahboubi, Firdaous, Marise Bafleur, Vincent Boitier, and Jean-Marie Dilhac. "Energy-Harvesting Powered Variable Storage Topology for Battery-Free Wireless Sensors." Technologies 6, no. 4 (November 16, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies6040106.

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The energy autonomy of wireless sensors is one of the main roadblocks to their wide deployment. The purpose of this study is to propose simple adaptive storage architecture, which combined with energy harvesting, could replace a battery. The main concept is based on using several ultracapacitors (at least two) that are reconfigured in a series or in parallel according to its state of charge/discharge, either to speed up the startup of the powered system or to provide energy autonomy. The proposed structure is based on two ultra-capacitors, one of small capacitance value and one of big value. Powered by an energy-harvesting source, the devised control circuitry allows cold start up with empty ultra-capacitors, pre-regulated output voltage, and energy usage efficiency close to 94.7%.

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Sebastián, Rafael. "Review on Dynamic Simulation of Wind Diesel Isolated Microgrids." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071812.

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Wind diesel isolated microgrids (WDIMs) combine wind turbine generators (WTGs) with diesel generators (DGs) to supply electricity to remote consumers. WDIMs are low-inertia isolated power systems where large system frequency and voltage variations occur. WDIM dynamic modeling allows short-term simulations to be performed and detailed electrical variable transients to be obtained so that the WDIM power quality and stability can be tested. This paper presents a literature review about WDIM dynamic simulation. The review classifies articles according to factors such as the different WDIM operation modes (diesel only, wind–diesel and wind only) simulated, the types of WTGs used in the WDIM (constant- and variable-speed types), or the use of different short-term energy storage technologies (batteries, ultracapacitors, flywheels) to improve the WDIM power quality, stability and reliability. Papers about the dynamic simulation of related isolated microgrids are also reviewed. Finally, as an example of WDIM dynamic simulation, a WDIM with one WTG, one DG, load and a discrete dump load (DL) is modeled and simulated. The WDIM response to variations of wind speed and load consumption is shown by graphs of the main electrical variables. The simulations show how the DL is used to improve the WDIM stability and reliability.

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"New Reconfiguration Technique for Ultracapacitor for Exchange of Energy At A Faster Rate." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 1684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f8893.109119.

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This paper deals with the use of the maximum energy of ultracapacitor at a faster transaction rate. This paperalso deals with the system-modeling, controller design, and faster energy transaction from ultracapacitor bank used in a hybrid electric vehicle. The energy transaction to dynamic load is through parallel-connected ultracapacitor bank and battery combination. The parallel-series topology has been implementing for ultracapacitor and the controller is designed to control energy-transactions from ultracapacitors. The DC-DC converter is only used for voltage regulation. This topology has aimed at the design leading to the excellent energy economy. Further, the main objective is to attain maximum utilization of energy in ultracapacitors during a ride-through condition, in minimum time. Three simulations have been carrying out with hardware implementation to compare these results. This includes energy sharing by ultracapacitor, in case of dynamic load. Hence, the proposed control strategy can provide a satisfactory improvement in energy- efficiency of ultra-capacitors, assuring maximum utilization and faster energy transaction.

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22

Rajabzadeh, Mahdi, Seyed Mohammad Taghi Bathaee, and M. A. Golkar. "Advanced DC-link voltage regulation of fuel-cell electric vehicle." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 3 (March 17, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-04-2015-0166.

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Purpose This paper investigates the DC-Link voltage regulation of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) with hybrid power source (HPS). The HPS consists of fuel cell (FC) as the main source and ultracapacitor (UC) as the auxiliary source in order to compensate for the slow dynamics of FC in transient conditions. The system is a multiconverter structure which is comprised of a boost DC/DC converter and a buck-boost converter connecting FC and UC to DC-link respectively. Design/methodology/approach The FCEV is modeled dynamically, considering the nonlinear behavior of HPS and multiconverter system. This paper presents an advanced control approach based on the control Lyapunov function (CLF) to regulate the DC-link voltage and impeccable tracking of UC current to its references. The stability analysis of closed loop system is also insured. Findings The performance of proposed controller is illustrated via Simulink® using numerical simulations under European Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC). The simulation results show that the presented method is both satisfactory and consistent with expectation. Originality/value The proposed control method is state of the art in FCEV and improves the energy management system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultracapacitor voltage control'

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