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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrasonic interferometer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 June 2025

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PHẠM, VĂN ĐẢM, THẾ TÀI NGUYỄN, THÀNH ĐÔNG NGUYỄN, et al. "Ultrasonic vibration measurement using heterodyne interferometry and SDR phase meter." Tạp chí Khoa học - Công nghệ Thủy Sản, Trường Đại học Nha Trang, no. 03 (September 30, 2023): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53818/jfst.03.2023.147.

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Ultrasonic vibration measurement and the development of ultrasonic vibration sensors have a significant impact on underwater pattern detection, providing good support for the exploitation and usage of marine resources. Advanced digital signal processing algorithms improve mechanical displacement measurements using ultrasonic speed and pm-level interferometers in real-time. In recent years, developing digital algorithms and employing low-cost software-defined radio (SDR) software applied to communication systems and other general-purpose systems with flexible solutions are essential in modern industrial applications. Specifically, the SDR can be consistent with real-time phase-change measurements of MHz-frequency interference signals for a heterodyne interferometer. This paper combines a heterodyne interferometer and a real-time SDR phase meter, demonstrating an ultrasonic vibration instrument's high-speed vibrating measurement capabilities. A double-pass interferometer is implemented to produce interference signals modulated with a sine waveform phase change associated with a tool's ultrasonic vibrating displacement, calculated by the phase meter's quadrature demodulation algorithm. The measurement results show that the system detects the sine-wave vibration trajectory generated by the vibrator at a frequency of 20 kHz and an amplitude of ~460 nm. The principle of the measurement system, instrumentations, experiments, and results are discussed in the paper.

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Lozynskyy, A. B., O. L. Ivantyshyn, and B. P. Rusyn. "Implementation of Radon transformation by rotating 1D interferometer." Information extraction and processing 2023, no. 51 (2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2023.51.039.

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The use of interferometry to observe objects in three-dimensional space requires a corresponding rank of the system of interferometric base vectors. The paper considers one of the ways to solve such a problem using the rotation of a 1D interferometer at an angle to the rotation axis This, with the exception of special cases of parallelism or perpendicularity of the axes, makes it possible to form a consecutive 3D interferometer. Using the rotation of the Earth, such an interferometer performs Radon transform of the angular structure of the spatial image when observing sources far beyond the size of the interferometer base. For this, the elements of the interferometer should be placed at different latitudes. The obtained analytical expressions show that the two-dimensional representation of one-dimensional projections as a function of the rotation angle then takes the form of a sinogram. A rotating 1D interferometer can be used in a number of fields of science and technology, for example, to solve location problems, in ultrasonic de¬fectoscopy, in technical vision systems, in radio astronomy, etc.

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Kim, Jae Yeol, S. U. Yoon, Kyeung Cheun Jang, Myung Soo Ko, and Jae Sin An. "A Structure Nondestructive Evaluation Using Laser-Generated Ultrasonic Application." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 1367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.1367.

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In the present study, a Nd;YAG Laser (pulse type) was used to emit ultrasonic signals to a test material. In addition, a total ultrasonic investigation system was designed by adopting a Fabry-Perot interferometer, which receives ultrasonic signals without any contact. For non-destructive test SM45C, which contains some flaws was used as a test material. Because it is easy to align light beam in receiver, and the length of the light beam does not change much even if convex mirror leans towards one side, confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer, which has stable frequency, and PI control are used to correct interfered and unstable signals from temperature, fluctuation and time shift of laser frequency. Stable signals are always obtained by the feedback of PI circuit signals in the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer. The type, size and position of flaws inside the test material were examined by achieving the stabilization of an interferometer. This study presented a useful method, which could quantitatively investigate the fault of objects by using a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

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Wang, Ke, Guangzhen Xing, Ping Yang, Min Wang, Zheng Wang, and Qi Tian. "High-Bandwidth Heterodyne Laser Interferometer for the Measurement of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Pressure." Micromachines 14, no. 12 (2023): 2225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14122225.

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As a high-end medical technology, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is widely used in cancer treatment and ultrasonic lithotripsy technology. The acoustic output level and safety of ultrasound treatments are closely related to the accuracy of sound pressure measurements. Heterodyne laser interferometry is applied to the measurement of ultrasonic pressure owing to its characteristics of non-contact, high precision, and traceability. However, the upper limit of sound pressure measurement is limited by the bandwidth of the interferometer. In this paper, a high-bandwidth heterodyne laser interferometer for the measurement of high-intensity focused ultrasound pressure is developed and tested. The optical carrier with a frequency shift of 358 MHz is realized by means of an acousto-optic modulator. The selected electrical devices ensure that the electrical bandwidth can reach 1.5 GHz. The laser source adopts an iodine frequency-stabilized semiconductor laser with high-frequency spectral purity, which can reduce the influence of spectral purity on the bandwidth to a negligible level. The interference light path is integrated and encapsulated to improve the stability in use. An HIFU sound pressure measurement experiment is carried out, and the upper limit of the sound pressure measurement is obviously improved.

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Murray, Todd W. "Multiplexed interferometer for ultrasonic imaging applications." Optical Engineering 40, no. 7 (2001): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1385171.

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Zulkifli, Muhammad Nubli, Fuaida Harun, and Azman Jalar. "Effect of surface roughness and hardness of leadframe on the bondability of gold wedge bonds." Microelectronics International 36, no. 2 (2019): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-08-2018-0053.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the effect of surface roughness and hardness of leadframe on the bondability of gold (Au) wedge bond using in situ inspection of laser interferometer and its relationship with the deformation and wire pull strength. Design/methodology/approach The in situ inspection of ultrasonic vibration waveform through the changes of vertical axis (y-axis) amplitude of wire bonder capillary was carried out using laser interferometer to analyze the formation of Au wedge bond. The relationship between the changes of ultrasonic waveform of capillary with the deformation and the pull strength was analyzed to evaluate the bondability of Au wedge bonds. Findings It was observed that the changes in vertical axis amplitude of ultrasonic vibration waveform of wire bonder capillary can be used to describe the process of bonding formation. The loss of ultrasonic energy was exhibited in ultrasonic vibration waveform of wire bonding on leadframe that has higher value of roughness (leadframe A) as compared to that of leadframe that has lower value of roughness (leadframe B). The lower pull strength obtained by Au wedge bond further confirms the reduction of bond formation because of the higher deformation on leadframe A as compared to that of leadframe B. Originality/value The relationship between in situ measurement using laser interferometer with the bondability or deformation and wire pull strength of Au wedge bonds on different surface roughness and hardness of leadframes is still lacking. These findings provide a valuable data in analyzing the bonding mechanisms that can be identified based on the in situ measurement of ultrasonic vibration and the bondability of Au wedge bonds.

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Mizutani, Yasuhiro, Takayuki Higuchi, Tetsuo Iwata, and Yasuhiro Takaya. "Time-Resolved Oblique Incident Interferometry for Vibration Analysis of an Ultrasonic Motor." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 5 (2017): 800–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0800.

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This paper presents a technique that employs a stroboscopic oblique-incidence interferometer to visualize the motion of a vibrating object with a rough surface. An oblique-incidence interferometer is well suited to the analysis of a rough surface and micro displacement because light-scattering is reduced when a surface is rough. However, when continuous light is used, the fringe pattern on the vibrating surface in the ultrasonic region can not be observed for the analysis of a micrometer resolution profile. To overcome this problem, pulsed light synchronized with a vibrating sample is employed as a light source using an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). The timing between the vibrating sample and the observation light is controlled using a common oscillator, so that the time-resolved behavior of the stator can be measured. We successfully detect the periodic movement of a fringe pattern for a vibrating ultrasonic motor using the interferometer.

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Badmaev, B. B., T. S. Dembelova, D. N. Makarova, and Ch Zh Gulgenov. "Ultrasonic interferometer on shear waves in liquids." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 9 (2019): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/62/9/151.

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Mizutani, Koichi, Manabu Nemoto, Tomohiro Ezure, and Hiroyuki Masuyama. "Visualization of Ultrasonic Beam Using Michelson Interferometer." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 42, Part 1, No. 5B (2003): 3072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.42.3072.

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Falbe-Hansen, Iens. "A SIMPLE INTERFEROMETER FOR OPHTHALMIC ULTRASONIC BIOMETRY." Acta Ophthalmologica 45, no. 4 (2009): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1967.tb06520.x.

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Badmaev, B. B., T. S. Dembelova, D. N. Makarova, and Ch Zh Gulgenov. "Ultrasonic Interferometer on Shear Waves in Liquids." Russian Physics Journal 62, no. 9 (2020): 1708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11182-020-01896-w.

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Saxena, Richa, and S. C. Bhatt. "Molecular Association Studies on Polyvinyl Alcohol at Different Concentrations." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1738612.

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Ultrasonic velocities, densities, and viscosities have been measured for the solution of polyvinyl alcohol in water at concentration range of 0.3% to 1% at temperature 35°C. Ultrasonic velocities have been measured using variable path ultrasonic interferometer at 1 MHz frequency. The acoustical parameters like adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, intermolecular free length, and relaxation time have been calculated by using above-mentioned values of ultrasonic velocities, densities, and viscosities. The variation of these acoustical parameters is explained in terms of solute-solvent interaction in a polymer solution.

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V'UGIN, PAVEL N., VLADIMIR G. GAVRILENKO, LEONID M. KUSTOV, ALEKSANDR I. MART'ANOV, and MARIA B. NECHAEVA. "POWER SPECTRUM OF AN INTERFEROMETER SIGNAL IN EXPERIMENTS ON SOUNDING OF A TURBULENT WATER STREAM WITH PULSATING VELOCITY." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 18, no. 09 (2008): 2701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127408021919.

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The paper is related to studies of a turbulent medium by the sounding method with the interferometric reception. We performed a theoretical analysis of a multiplicative interferometer response to noise quasi-monochromatic emission, disturbed by a turbulent water stream. The effect of turbulent pulsations of the stream velocity on output interferometer signal was considered. Spectral analysis of the output interferometer signal allowed to perform the diagnostics of the propagation media. Particularly, it was shown, that the interferometer power spectrum carries information on the spatial spectrum of fluctuations of cavity bubbles concentration and on the average stream velocity. The theoretical evidence has been compared with the results of interferometric experiments on ultrasonic sounding of the water stream inside a pipe.

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Kwiek, Piotr. "Hong–Ou–Mandel Interference on an Acousto-Optical Beam Splitter." Optics 6, no. 2 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/opt6020025.

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This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental investigations of a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer in which an optical beam splitter is replaced by an ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic wave acts as an acousto-optical beam splitter for light, which is based on the phenomenon of Bragg diffraction on an ultrasonic wave. The Doppler effect was considered in the theoretical considerations and confirmed experimentally. It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that the Doppler effect changes the frequency of two-photon states at the outputs of an acousto-optical beam splitter. The frequency of the two-photon state in the positive diffraction order is increased by the frequency of the ultrasonic wave, whereas in the negative diffraction order, it is reduced by the frequency of the ultrasonic wave. It should be emphasized that there are no states in the outputs (diffraction orders), which disappear as a result of Hong–Ou–Mandel interference; consequently, the probability of detecting coincidences of photons between the plus first and minus first diffraction orders is zero, as it occurs in the Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer. The frequency difference between the two-photon states at the outputs of the acousto-optical beam splitter was confirmed by recording the two-photon beat phenomenon. The obtained results changed the current view that the Doppler effect caused by ultrasonic waves can be neglected in the interaction of correlated pairs of photons with ultrasonic waves.

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Choquet, Marc, René Héon, Ghislain Vaudreuil, Jean-Pierre Monchalin, Christian Padioleau, and Ron H. Goodman. "REMOTE THICKNESS MEASUREMENT OF OIL SLICKS ON WATER BY LASER-ULTRASONICS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (1993): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-531.

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ABSTRACT At the National Research Council of Canada Industrial Materials Institute, research is in progress on the application of laser-ultrasonics to remote measurement of the thickness of oil on water. Laser-ultrasonics is a novel technique developed for the nondestructive inspection of materials. It uses a short pulse laser for the generation of ultrasonic waves in the oil layer and a second laser, coupled to an optical interferometer, for the remote detection of the ultrasonic surface motion. Direct measurement of the time of flight of the ultrasonic wave provides the value of the thickness of the oil layer. Application of this technique to thickness measurement of oil on water has been studied in small and large scale laboratory tests. Small scale tests demonstrate the direct and unambiguous determination of the oil layer thickness. Accuracy is essentially limited by the knowledge of the acoustic properties of the oil. Large scale tests show that a distance of almost 37 meters does not severely impede the method, so airborne application appears possible. Surface motion such as that caused by sea waves does not reduce the accuracy of the thickness determination but does limit the measurement rate. Preliminary airborne tests with a single laser probe confirm that laser-ultrasonics monitoring of the thickness of an oil spill is feasible.

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Yang, Che Hua, and Yua Ching Tsai. "An Optical Method for the Detection of In-Plane Motion of Acoustic Waves Propagating in Solids." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.91.

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A new interference-based optical technique called in-plane displacement interferometer (IPDI) is introduced for the detection of in-plane (IP) motion of ultrasonic waves. The IPDI employs a tiny square indentation of about 30 microns in width on the sample surface and a relatively simple optical arrangement for the detection of IP motion of ultrasonics waves. With the IPDI, measurement of IP motions of Lamb waves propagating along a thin brass foil is demonstrated. Dispersion relations for the S0 mode dominated by in-plane motion in the low fd (frequency times thickness) regime is obtained with the IPDI.

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Ismail, Roslina, Fuaida Harun, Azman Jalar, and Shahrum Abdullah. "Ultrasonic Vibration in Leadframe for the Bondability for Au Wedge Bond." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.83.

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The in-situ inspection of ultrasonic vibration of wire bonder capillary was carried out using laser interferometer in order to analyze the formation of Au wedge bond. It was observed that the changes in ultrasonic vibration can be used to describe process of bonding formation. The loss of ultrasonic energy was exhibited in ultrasonic vibration waveform of wire bonding on leadframe A. This observation is due to the low frictional energy and high deformation of Au wedge bond on leadframe A. The lower pull strength obtained by Au wedge bond further confirms the reduction of bond formation on leadframe A.

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McGowan, Paul. "Noncontact ultrasonic detection with improved heterodyned laser interferometer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, no. 6 (1989): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397318.

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Shubhangi, M. Waratkar, P. Manik Urvashi, and L. Mishra Paritosh. "Interaction of Sodium Sulphate with Saccharide (Sucrose) Solution: A Thermo-Acoustical Approach." RA JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 08, no. 08 (2022): 431–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6594139.

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ABSTRACT: Measurement ultrasonic velocity (U) and density (ρ) of different compositions (0.001-0.1mol/kg) of the sodium sulphate has been carried out by usingdigital ultrasonic interferometer operated at 2 MHz. in the solution of (0.2 and 0.5 mol/kg) of aqueous sucrose as function of temperature. The different acoustical and volumetrical parameters have been calculated from the data of ultrasonic velocity and density. This kind of information data provides the information requirely the different properties (like mechanical, thermal and elastic) of the liquid system in view from number of aspect.

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BALUJA, S., A. KULSHRESTHA, and M. BHATT. "ULTRASONIC STUDIES OF ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUG IN PROTIC AND APROTIC SOLVENTS AT 308.15 K." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 44, no. 1 (2014): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2014.424.

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Ultrasonic velocities and density of various concentrations (0.01 to 0.10M) of anti protozoal drog “Diloxanide Furoate” in methanol, dimethyl formamide and 1,4-dioxan have been measured at 308.15 K by using single crystal variable path ultrasonic interferometer operating at 2 MHz and pycnometer respectively. Using these experimental data, some acoustical parameters have been evaluated and they are interpreted in terms of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions in these solutions.

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Alshammari, Mohammed, and Ming Han. "Wavelength Locking and Calibration of Fiber-Optic Ultrasonic Sensors Using Single-Sideband-Modulated Laser." Photonics 11, no. 11 (2024): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11111063.

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Implementation of edge-filter detection for interrogating optical interferometric ultrasonic sensors is often hindered by the lack of cost-effective laser sources with agile wavelength tunability and good noise performance. The detected signal can also be affected by optical power variations and locking-point drift, negatively affecting the sensor accuracy. Here, we report the use of laser single-sideband generation with a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder interferometer (DP-MZI) for laser wavelength tuning and locking in edge-filter detection of fiber-optic ultrasonic sensors. We also demonstrate real-time in situ calibration of the sensor response to ultrasound-induced wavelength shift tuning. The DP-MZI is employed to generate a known wavelength modulation of the laser, whose response is used to gauge the sensor response to the ultrasound-induced wavelength shifts in real time and in situ. Experiments were performed on a fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor based on a high-finesse Fabry–Perot interferometer formed by two fiber Bragg gratings. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the laser locking against laser wavelength drift and temperature variations and the effectiveness of the calibration method against optical power variations and locking-point drift. These techniques can enhance the operational robustness and increase the measurement accuracy of optical ultrasonic sensors.

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Kulkarni, S. S., and U. V. Khadke. "Effect of Solvents on the Ultrasonic Velocity and Acoustic Parameters of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Solutions." Indian Journal of Materials Science 2016 (April 26, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9582582.

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Ultrasonic studies provide a wealth of information in understanding the molecular behavior and intermolecular interaction of polymer solvent mixtures. Attempts were made to measure ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity for the mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in acetone and dimethylformamide (DMF) of various stoichiometric ratios at 300 K using crystal controlled ultrasonic interferometer (Mittal make), pyknometer (specific gravity bottle), and Ostwald viscometer, respectively. The acoustic parameters adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free path length (Lf), acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA), ultrasonic attenuation (α/f2), and relaxation time (τ) have been estimated using experimental data with well-known techniques. The variation of these acoustic parameters is explained in terms of solute-solvent molecular interaction in a polymer solution.

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Hu, C. M., N. Q. Guo, H. J. Du, R. M. Lin, and M. Chen. "Vibration characteristics of the capillary in ultrasonic wire bonders." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 8 (2007): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes265.

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Currently ultrasonic wire bonders with precision capillary tips are widely used in the packaging industry for bonding wires to ICs and circuits. However, the quality and strength of a bond are affected significantly by the vibration of the bonding capillary. It is, therefore, necessary to study the vibration characteristics of the capillary for better understanding and for developing a non-perturbative and low-cost monitoring device for improving bonding quality control. In this paper, the vibration characteristics of the capillary are presented in terms of natural frequency and vibration modes using finite-element models. The predicted displacement profile along the capillary is compared with the measurement using a non-contact laser interferometer. In general, a good agreement between the prediction and measurement is obtained, and it shows that the interferometer may be a good monitoring tool for characterization of capillary tip vibration, as well as providing a reference for other monitoring devices.

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Sukkasem, Chayanisa, Suvicha Sasivimolkul, Phitsini Suvarnaphaet, and Suejit Pechprasarn. "Analysis of Embedded Optical Interferometry in Transparent Elastic Grating for Optical Detection of Ultrasonic Waves." Sensors 21, no. 8 (2021): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082787.

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In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to explain how the transparent elastic grating structure can be employed to enhance the mechanical and optical properties for ultrasonic detection. Incident ultrasonic waves can compress the flexible material, where the change in thickness of the elastic film can be measured through an optical interferometer. Herein, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was employed in the design of a thin film grating pattern. The PDMS grating with the grating period shorter than the ultrasound wavelength allowed the ultrasound to be coupled into surface acoustic wave (SAW) mode. The grating gaps provided spaces for the PDMS grating to be compressed when the ultrasound illuminated on it. This grating pattern can provide an embedded thin film based optical interferometer through Fabry–Perot resonant modes. Several optical thin film-based technologies for ultrasonic detection were compared. The proposed elastic grating gave rise to higher sensitivity to ultrasonic detection than a surface plasmon resonance-based sensor, a uniform PDMS thin film, a PDMS sensor with shearing interference, and a conventional Fabry–Perot-based sensor. The PDMS grating achieved the enhancement of sensitivity up to 1.3 × 10−5 Pa−1 and figure of merit of 1.4 × 10−5 Pa−1 which were higher than those of conventional Fabry–Perot structure by 7 times and 4 times, respectively.

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Hurley, Donna C., and Terence P. Lerch. "Characterization of ultrasonic contact transducers using a Michelson interferometer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (1999): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.425912.

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Pechprasarn, Suejit, Chayanisa Sukkasem, and Phitsini Suvarnaphaet. "Analysis of Dielectric Waveguide Grating and Fabry–Perot Modes in Elastic Grating in Optical Detection of Ultrasound." Sensors 21, no. 12 (2021): 4081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124081.

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In our previous work, we have demonstrated that dielectric elastic grating can support Fabry–Perot modes and provide embedded optical interferometry to measure ultrasonic pressure. The Fabry–Perot modes inside the grating provide an enhancement in sensitivity and figure of merit compared to thin film-based Fabry–Perot structures. Here, in this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to explain that the elastic grating also supports dielectric waveguide grating mode, in which optical grating parameters control the excitation of the two modes. The optical properties of the two modes, including coupling conditions and loss mechanisms, are discussed. The proposed grating has the grating period in micron scale, which is shorter than the wavelength of the incident ultrasound leading to an ultrasonic scattering. The gap regions in the grating allow the elastic grating thickness to be compressed by the incident ultrasound and coupled to a surface acoustic wave mode. The thickness compression can be measured using an embedded interferometer through one of the optical guided modes. The dielectric waveguide grating is a narrow bandpass optical filter enabling an ultrasensitive mode to sense changes in optical displacement. This enhancement in mechanical and optical properties gives rise to a broader detectable pressure range and figure of merit in ultrasonic detection; the detectable pressure range and figure of merit can be enhanced by 2.7 times and 23 times, respectively, compared to conventional Fabry–Perot structures.

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Salman, Aysevil, Emine Ates, Ahmet Biçer, Sualp Deniz, Ahmet Cicek, and Nurettin Korozlu. "Determination of methanol concentration in ethanol in liquid phase by a phononic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (2021): 125032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac3d4b.

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Abstract A practical and portable ultrasonic interferometric sensor to detect methanol concentration in ethanol in the liquid phase is numerically investigated. For high-sensitivity operation, the sensor is designed as a Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on a linear-defect waveguide in a two-dimensional phononic crystal, which consists of square array of cylindrical steel rods in water. The waveguide core comprises polyethylene tubing, impedance-matched with water, filled with either pure ethanol or ethanol-methanol binary mixture, allowing fast replacement of the analyte. Band structure analyses through the finite-element method are carried out to obtain guiding modes at frequencies around 200 kHz. With 50 × 21 cells with 4.2 mm periodicity, the total sensor area is 210-by-88.2 millimeters, which can be significantly reduced by increasing the operating frequency to megahertz range. The interferometer is constructed via T junctions of the waveguide, which facilitates low-loss equal splitting and recollection of ultrasonic waves. Sample and reference wave paths are constructed by filling polyethylene tubing on the upper and lower halves of the interferometer with the ethanol-methanol mixture and pure ethanol, respectively. Frequency-domain finite-element method simulations reveal that the sensor output is characterized by several transmission peaks, one of which is centered at 203.35 kHz with a full-width at half-maximum of 20 Hz, resulting in a quality factor of 10167. The peak frequency of this peak redshifts at a rate of 7.24 Hz per percent volume fraction change in methanol. The peak shift is linear when the methanol volume fraction is below 10%. Besides, the interferometric sensor has a figure of merit around 0.35. The proposed ultrasonic sensor offers rapid detection of methanol content in ethanol with high sensitivity.

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Park, Seung Kyu, Sung Hoon Baik, Chang Hwan Lim, Cheol Jung Kim, and Young June Kang. "Spectrum Analysis of an Ultrasonic Signal According to a Surface Status by Using a Robust Laser-Based Ultrasonic System." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1439.

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A laser-based ultrasonic inspection system is a non-contact scanning device with a high spatial resolution and a wide spectrum bandwidth. In this paper, we developed a laser-based ultrasonic inspection system by fabricating a pulse laser and a Confocal Fabry-Perot Interferometer (CFPI) with a dynamic stabilizer. The dynamic stabilizer generates ultrasound by adaptively obtaining the time of the maximum gain of the CFPI whose gain is varied with the time. Then, a computer adaptively corrects the measurement error by using the gain of the CFPI at the measuring time. In this paper, we describe the hardware configurations and the control algorithms to build the stable laser-based ultrasonic inspection system. We have investigated an ultrasonic signal in the time and frequency domain to detect micro cracks through experiments. We experimentally confirmed that the proposed error correction method is effective for improving the performance of the system and the configured ultrasonic inspection system is stable

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Alamelumangai, G., and N. Santhi. "Acoustical Studies on Binary Liquid Mixtures of Some 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives with Acetone at 303.15 K." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 24 (December 2013): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.24.124.

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The wide spread use of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as a scaffold in medicinal chemistry establishes this moiety as an important bioactive class of heterocycles. In the present study ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ) and viscosity (η) have been measured at frequency 2 MHz in the binary mixtures of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives in acetone at 303.15 K using ultrasonic interferometer technique. The measured value of ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity have been used to estimate the acoustical parameters namely adiabatic compressibility (βad), relaxation time (τ), acoustic impedance (Zi), free length (Lf), free volume (Vf) and internal pressure (πi), with a view to investigate the nature and strength of molecular interactions. The obtained result support the occurrence of molecular association through hydrogen bonding in the binary liquid mixtures.

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Alamelumangai, G., and N. Santhi. "Acoustical Studies on Binary Liquid Mixtures of Some 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives with Acetone at 303.15 K." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 24 (December 26, 2013): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-42k70r.

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Avram, Georgia Cezara, Florin Adrian Nicolescu, Florea Dorel Anania, and Eugen Strajescu. "Functional Evaluation and Performance Improvement of a Gantry IR’s NC Axes." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.531.

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The paper presents main results obtained from experimental works performed for functional performances evaluation of a gantry robot, used for ultrasonic flaw detection (NDT Automation standard-duty ULTRA PAC Ultrasonic immersion model). The functional status of the robot has been evaluated by mean of a RENISHAW LASER ML 10 interferometer measuring system, from the point of view of positioning accuracy and repeatability in position as well as geometric errors of each gantry IR's NC axes. The research stages are referring to: individual NC axis functional evaluation (experimental determination of IRs X, Y, and Z axis positioning accuracy and repeatability in position), overall IRs NC axes functional evaluation (identifying of the partially geometric errors induced by inaccurate mounting of IRs joints / links or inappropriate technical solutions adopted for assembling different structural elements / joints of the studied gantry robot), as well as IRs X NC axis functional improvement (X NC axis positioning accuracy optimization) by mean of software errors compensation. The experimental setup included the analyzed gantry robot and the laser calibration system associated with different mountings of the laser measurement optics system (interferometers linear reflectors) for each measurement procedure. The final results and conclusions relieve means to functionally improve both, individual NC axes' as well as overall IRs performances.

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Senthamil, Selvi C., S. Ravichandran, C. P. Malliga, C. Thenmozhi, and V. Kannappan. "Acoustical Studies and Molecular Interaction of Salicilaldehyde with Iodine in Hexane at Different Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 1086 (February 2015): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1086.111.

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Ultrasonic velocity and density of salicilaldehyde with iodine in hexane has been measured at 293.15K, 298.15K, 303.15K and 308.15K in different concentration. Ultrasonic velocity has been measured using single frequency interferometer at 2MHz (Model F-81). By using the Ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ) and coefficient of viscosity (η) and the other acoustical parameters adiabatic compressibility (κ), free length (Lf), interaction parameter (α), Free volume (Vf) were calculated. The addition of hexane with a mixture leads to a compact structure due to presence of dipolar type interaction. This contributes to the decrease in free volume values and the internal pressure shows an increasing trend. The results have been discussed in terms of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions between the component and the compatibility of these methods in predicting the interactions in these mixtures has also been discussed.Key Words salicilaldehyde, iodine, hexane, Ultrasonic velocity, molecular interactions.

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Ho, Chan Hsiao, Ju Yi Lee, Hseuh Ching Shih, Jiunn Haur Shaw, and Yung Hui Liu. "Two-Wave Mixing Interferometer for Ultrasonic NDT in Defect Detection." Key Engineering Materials 270-273 (August 2004): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.270-273.359.

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Qian, Menglu, Yongdong Pan, and Zhongxian Zhang. "Measurement of ultrasonic displacement vector with an F‐P interferometer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 5 (1998): 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.422635.

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Jacobs, Bradley, Richard Cerami, John R. Olson, and R. C. Amme. "Vibrational relaxation in SiF4 using a computer‐controlled ultrasonic interferometer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, no. 6 (1990): 2812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.399684.

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Hurley, D. C., and C. M. Fortunko. "Determination of the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter using a Michelson interferometer." Measurement Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (1997): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/8/6/009.

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Tae Seong Jang, Seung Seok Lee, Il Bum Kwon, Wang Joo Lee, and Jung Ju Lee. "Noncontact detection of ultrasonic waves using fiber optic Sagnac interferometer." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 49, no. 6 (2002): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2002.1009334.

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Tilford, C. R. "The Speed of Sound in a Mercury Ultrasonic Interferometer Manometer." Metrologia 24, no. 3 (1987): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/24/3/003.

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Liu, Kang, Ji Shi, Lang Xie, Qian Zhou, Juanjuan Zhang, and Yurui Liu. "Fiber Optic MEMS Ultrasonic Sensor and its Application in Partial Discharge Detection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2433, no. 1 (2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2433/1/012010.

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Abstract In this paper, an optical fiber based ultrasonic sensor was designed and applied to the detection and position of partial discharge (PD). The Fabry-Perot interferometer with a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) diaphragm has been proven to have high sensitivity, with broadband acoustic frequency response up to 500 kHz and wide directivity. In the PD detection experiment, the minimum detectable pressure (MDP) of the fiber optical MEMS sensor is achieving 0.455μPaHz -1/2. In addition, four ultrasonic sensors are arranged around the ultrasonic source to conduct localization experiments. The results show that the system has excellent localization performance in x, y and z directions. The favourable acoustic performance of the MEMS sensor provides a high-sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) detection method for PD detection.

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Kaur, Baljinder, and Kailash C. Juglan. "Acoustic parameter investigation of polyvinyl acetate with acetic acid using ultrasonic technique." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 9 (2013): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0125.

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Abstract Density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity of polyvinyl acetate with acetic acid have been measured at a temperature of 299K for different concentrations. Density and viscosity have been measured for a binary liquid mixture with a specific gravity bottle and a viscometer. Ultrasonic velocity has been measured using a single crystal interferometer at a frequency of 2 MHz. Ultrasonic velocities for the binary mixture at 1 MHz and 2 MHz was compared by taking some values from the literature. The sound velocity (V), density (ρ) and viscosity (η) were used to calculate the parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), acoustic impedance (Z), intermolecular free length (Lf), ultrasonic attenuation (α/f2) and relaxation time (τ). The variations of experimentally obtained parameters indicate the presence of molecular interaction between the molecules of the mixture. The ultrasonic velocity increased with an increase in concentration. Solute-solvent interaction is further confirmed by viscosity values, which increased with increasing concentration suggesting more association between solute and solvent molecules. The linear variations in Rao’s constant and Wada’s constant suggest the absence of complex formation.

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Zhou, Jingcheng, Xu Guo, Cong Du, Chengyu Cao, and Xingwei Wang. "A Fiber Optic Ultrasonic Sensing System for High Temperature Monitoring Using Optically Generated Ultrasonic Waves." Sensors 19, no. 2 (2019): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020404.

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This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel fiber optic ultrasonic sensing system based on the photoacoustic (PA) ultrasound generation principle and Fabry-Perot interferometer principle for high temperature monitoring applications. The velocity of a sound wave traveling in a medium is proportional to the medium’s temperature. The fiber optic ultrasonic sensing system was applied to measure the change of the velocity of sound. A fiber optic ultrasonic generator and a Fabry-Perot fiber sensor were used as the signal generator and receiver, respectively. A carbon black-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material was utilized as the photoacoustic material for the fiber optic ultrasonic generator. Two tests were performed. The system verification test proves the ultrasound sensing capability. The high temperature test validates the high temperature measurement capability. The sensing system survived 700 °C. It successfully detects the ultrasonic signal and got the temperature measurements. The test results agreed with the reference sensor data. Two potential industry applications of fiber optic ultrasonic sensing system are, it could serve as an acoustic pyrometer for temperature field monitoring in an industrial combustion facility, and it could be used for exhaust gas temperature monitoring for a turbine engine.

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Shen, Kun, Jixian Yuan, Min Li, Xiaoyan Wen, and Haifei Lu. "Measurement of the Acoustic Relaxation Absorption Spectrum of CO2 Using a Distributed Bragg Reflector Fiber Laser." Sensors 23, no. 10 (2023): 4740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104740.

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Reconstruction of the acoustic relaxation absorption curve is a powerful approach to ultrasonic gas sensing, but it requires knowledge of a series of ultrasonic absorptions at various frequencies around the effective relaxation frequency. An ultrasonic transducer is the most widely deployed sensor for ultrasonic wave propagation measurement and works only at a fixed frequency or in a specific environment like water, so a large number of ultrasonic transducers operating at various frequencies are required to recover an acoustic absorption curve with a relative large bandwidth, which cannot suit large-scale practical applications. This paper proposes a wideband ultrasonic sensor using a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser for gas concentration detection through acoustic relaxation absorption curve reconstruction. With a relative wide and flat frequency response, the DBR fiber laser sensor measures and restores a full acoustic relaxation absorption spectrum of CO2 using a decompression gas chamber between 0.1 and 1 atm to accommodate the main molecular relaxation processes, and interrogates with a non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder interferometer (NE-MZI) to gain a sound pressure sensitivity of −45.4 dB. The measurement error of the acoustic relaxation absorption spectrum is less than 1.32%.

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Zega, Valentina, Luca Pertoldi, Tommaso Zandrini, Roberto Osellame, Claudia Comi, and Alberto Corigliano. "Microstructured Phononic Crystal Isolates from Ultrasonic Mechanical Vibrations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052499.

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The functioning of many micro-electromechanical devices with parts oscillating at high frequencies require isolation from external vibration. Phononic crystals, presenting band-gaps in the dispersion spectrum, i.e., interval of frequency in which propagating waves are attenuated, can provide an effective solution for vibration shielding at the microscale. In the present work, we design—through numerical simulations—a 3D phononic crystal with a micrometric unit cell able to work as vibration isolator for a micro system. We exploit the direct writing technique based on two-photon polymerization to realize three prototypes of different dimensions. Experimental measurements performed with a Michelson interferometer demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal.

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Ravi, Pratap Singh, Gao Honghong, and Kumar Singh Rahul. "Influence of Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Ball-End Milling on the Cutting Performance of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 9, no. 4 (2020): 271–76. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D4941.119420.

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Magnesium alloys have a tremendous possibility for biomedical applications due to their good biocompatibility, integrity and degradability, but their low ignition temperature and easy corrosive property restrict the machining process for potential biomedical applications. In this research, ultrasonic vibration-assisted ball milling (UVABM) for AZ31B is investigated to improve the cutting performance and get specific surface morphology in dry conditions. Cutting force and cutting temperatures are measured during UVABM. Surface roughness is measured with a white light interferometer after UVABM. The experimental results show cutting force and cutting temperature reduce due to ultrasonic vibration, and surface roughness decreases by 34.92%, compared with that got from traditional milling, which indicates UVABM is suitable to process AZ31B for potential biomedical applications.

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Taniguchi, Koichi, Manabu Enoki, and Koichi Tomita. "In-Process Damage Monitoring and Stress Analysis of Thermal Spray Coating." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2403.

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AE method is a well-known technique for in-situ monitoring of damage behavior by attached piezoelectric transducer. However, this conventional detection of AE signals has certain limitations. In recent years, numerous efforts have addressed the substitution of laser-based techniques for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation in place of conventional piezoelectric transducers. Especially, a laser interferometer can be used to measure a displacement or velocity at materials surface using Doppler-shift. However, there are few reports referring to the detection of AE signals in the practical materials and testing because of the difficulty of experiments. We developed the AE measurement system with laser interferometer to apply this technique to microcrack evaluation and reported the quantitative AE analysis in various materials. This paper demonstrates AE results from thermal spray coatings at elevated temperature.

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Shrivastava, Bhaktdarshan, A. Mishra, and Sushil Phadke. "Acoustical Parameters: Aqueous Solution of Borassus Flabellifier Fruit Pulp by Non Destructive Method." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.358.

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The change in the wavelength of ultrasonic waves in different medium is due to the elastic properties and the induced particles vibrations in the medium. The study of propagation of ultrasonic wave in liquid systems and solids is now rather well established. Ultrasonic waves are an effective means for examining and analyzing certain physical properties of the materials. It is universally adopted to examine the changes in such physical properties while they occur. In the present study authors are analyzed aqueous solutions of 'Borassus Flabellifier' fruit pulp, which is available in Western part of MP (Dhar-Jhabua Districts) India, at various concentrations have been experimentally determined by using Non Destructive technique (NDT). Some values of acoustical parameters such as intermolecular free length (Lf), Acoustic impedance (Z), and Isentropic compressibility (βs), were computed with the viewpoint importance and applicability in asserting the interactions. These solutions are known for their natural ingredients in pharmaceutical activity as anti-diabetic, pain killing & temperature reducing. In this paper, authors are reported. Ultrasonic wave velocities in a aqueous solution of Borassus Flabellifier fruit pulp at different concentrations using Multi frequency Ultrasonic interferometer Model M-81 S.

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Yatsyshyn, Svyatoslav, Ihor Nazarkevych, and Rostyslav Mastylo. "Calibration of the Ultrasonic Sensor-Range Finder by the Laser Interferometer." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 81, no. 4 (2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2020.04.010.

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Huan, C. H. A., J. F. Gregg, M. R. Wells, G. A. D. Briggs, and W. P. Wolf. "High‐sensitivity ultrasonic interferometer for the detection of magnetic phase transitions." Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 8 (1987): 3193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338924.

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Koukoulas, Triantafillos, Srinath Rajagopal, Stephen Robinson, Brian Moss, Bajram Zeqiri, and Pete Theobald. "Primary ultrasonic interferometer photodiode characterization using frequency-modulated laser wavefront radiation." Metrologia 50, no. 6 (2013): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/6/572.

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Royer, D., N. Dubois, and M. Fink. "Optical probing of pulsed, focused ultrasonic fields using a heterodyne interferometer." Applied Physics Letters 61, no. 2 (1992): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108202.

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