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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ultrasonic waves Speed

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ultrasonic waves Speed'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ultrasonic waves Speed"

1

Aynur Jabiyeva, Aynur Jabiyeva. "ULTRASONİC DEVİCE WİTH A TEMPORARY AUTOMATİC ADJUSTMENT GENERATOR." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 19, no. 02 (May 18, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc19022022-36.

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All audible and inaudible sound oscillations propagate to the environment as mechanical oscillations, having the property of waves. When sound propagates, positive and negative pressures occur at a frequency equal to its frequency. Sound waves propagate in the same straight direction and are reflected and absorbed in the environment. The speed of propagation of ultrasonic waves varies in different environments, that is, the denser the medium, the higher the speed of propagation. Ultrasound treatment is carried out using special advanced devices. Ultrasonic vibrations in modern devices are obtained by piezoelectric effect. Keywords: sound vibrations, ultrasonic waves, piezoelectric effect, ultrasonic physics, amplifiers, voltage, current, ultrasonic scanner, automatic adjustment generator, adiabatic rotation sequence, apodization

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Wang, Xufeng, Xuanlin Wang, Jiyao Wang, and Zhongxi Tian. "Feasibility Study and Prospects of Rock Fragmentation Using Ultrasonic Vibration Excitation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 5868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175868.

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This paper systematically examines the feasibility of using ultrasonic vibration excitation for rock breakage and fragmentation; it focuses on the failure mechanisms of rock mass under the impact of ultrasonic waves, and the development of ultrasonic technology. Laboratory testing using a self-designed system was conducted in this paper to further validate the efficiency and reliability of rock breakage using ultrasonics. The results show that: (i) under the effects of both the high speed impact of ultrasonic vibration excitation and induced rock vibration excitation, a fracture is initiated and propagates rapidly within and outside of the rock. Under ultrasonic vibration excitation for 140 s, the compressive strength decreased by 45.6%; (ii) under the excitation of ultrasonics, the rock specimens failed completely in a short time from inside to outside, and there are distinct fissures in the internal nucleation of the rock. It is suggested that ultrasonic excitation provides a novel and promising option for rock fragmentation and breakage, which optimises the efficiency of underground hard rock engineering.

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3

Nassar, Sayed A., and Aditya B. Veeram. "Ultrasonic Control of Fastener Tightening Using Varying Wave Speed." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, no. 3 (August 4, 2005): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2218347.

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A high precision ultrasonic technique and a test apparatus are developed for the real time control of the fastener elongation during the tightening process of bolted joints. This is accomplished by monitoring the propagation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves through the fastener material and the reflection of these waves at the end of the fastener. The round trip time of the longitudinal waves is continuously measured and monitored in real time. Using the wave speed in the fastener material, the change in the round trip time determines the fastener elongation, which creates fastener tension and joint clamp load. The wave speed through the bolt material is stress dependent; hence, it continuously changes as the fastener is being elongated during the tightening process. A varying wave speed algorithm is developed and utilized in order to compensate for wave speed variations. Because the torque-tension relationship in threaded fasteners is highly sensitive to friction variations, the scatter in such relationship is often unacceptable, especially in critical applications. By contrast, the automatic control of the fastener elongation during the tightening process would eliminate the dependence on the torque value as a predictor for the bolt tension. Hence, the new ultrasonic technique for the real-control of the fastener tension, by monitoring its elongation, would significantly enhance the reliability of bolted assemblies.

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Otani, Takahiko. "Modeling of Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Path through Cancellous Bone and Quantitative Estimation of Bone Density and Bone Quality." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.857.

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Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreasing bone density, and is assessed by the bone mass density of cancellous bone. An X-ray method is widely used for noninvasive measurement of bone mass density [mg/cm3]. An ultrasonic method has the potential to evaluate the elastic properties, however measured ultrasonic parameters are the slope of frequency dependent attenuation (BUA [dB/MHz]) and the speed of sound (SOS [m/s]), not the bone mass density [mg/cm3]. In previous study, two longitudinal waves, the fast and slow waves, were observed in cancellous bone. In this study, the propagation path through cancellous bone is modeled to specify the causality between ultrasonic wave parameters and bone density. Then bone density and bone elasticity are quantitatively formulated. A novel ultrasonic bone densitometry, prototype LD-100, have been developed. The bone density [mg/cm3] and the bone elasticity [GPa] are evaluated by ultrasonic parameters based on the fast and slow waves in cancellous bone using a modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation path.

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Khakimov, Ortagoli. "Immersion ultrasonic transducers." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2021.236076.

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The principles of operation and design of immersion ultrasonic transducers developed by the authors for excitation and reception of elastic vibrations in moving filament-like and plane-parallel materials, in particular, polymer fibbers and films, with an adjustable angle of input (reception) of probing signals into moving controlled object – polymer fibbers and films at normal and high temperatures. The technical characteristics of the installation are given in which the converters developed by us are used, namely, sounding base (distance from the emitter to the receivers), the duration of the probing pulses, the frequency of filling and the duration of the probing pulses, the speed of the controlled object, the combined standard measurement uncertainties of the difference Δt of the propagation times of ultrasonic waves from the emitter to the first and second signal receivers, relative combined standard uncertainties of measurements of attenuation coefficient and velocity of propagation of ultrasonic waves.

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Chen, Xingjie, Wenfa Zhu, Guopeng Fan, Zaiwei Li, Wei Shao, Xiangzhen Meng, Liming Li, and Haiyan Zhang. "Novel method for detection of void defects under track slabs using air-coupled ultrasonic sensors." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 9 (September 2020): 155014772094065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720940650.

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Void defects under track slabs are the main danger affecting the safe operation of high-speed railways. In the short high-speed railway maintenance periods, China’s high-speed railway line maintenance operations must quickly and dynamically determine void defects under track slabs that are in service without contact. However, the detection of void defects under track slabs still mainly relies on the manual inspection and flaw detection by railway workers during the railway maintenance period. If the defects are not quickly identified, the consequences could be disastrous. This article presents a new method for the non-contact dynamic detection of void defects under track slabs. The method involves the use of air-coupled ultrasonic sensors to generate and receive ultrasonic guided waves in the track slab to quantitatively represent the size of the void defect according to the principle of energy leakage of guided waves in the propagation process. The characteristics of the position-amplitude curve, taking the position of the beam axis as the abscissa and the amplitude of the time domain signal as the ordinate, were numerically calculated and analyzed. The quantitative relationship between the convex interval of the position-amplitude curve and the size of the void defect was obtained, and an imaging method of the void defects based on x, y two-dimensional line scanning data fusion is proposed. The excitation and reception methods of air-coupled ultrasonic guided waves were studied, and a 1:1 model of the track structure was built in the laboratory to verify the method and detect the void defect under the track slab. The experimental results show that ultrasonic guided waves can be excited and received in the track slab by air-coupled ultrasonic sensors. Based on the guided wave energy leakage principle, the quantitative characterization and imaging of the void defect under track slabs can be realized.

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di Scalea, Francesco Lanza, Ivan Bartoli, Piervincenzo Rizzo, and Mahmood Fateh. "High-Speed Defect Detection in Rails by Noncontact Guided Ultrasonic Testing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1916, no. 1 (January 2005): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191600110.

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Recent train accidents have reaffirmed the need to develop rail defect detection systems that are more effective than those used today. This paper proposes new inspection systems for detecting transverse-type cracks in the rail head, notoriously the most dangerous flaws in rails. In principle these systems can be applied to both continuous welded rail and jointed tracks because bidirectional inspection can be implemented. However, the systems may fail to detect defects located close to a joint. The proposed technology uses ultrasonic guided waves that are detected by remote sensors positioned as far away as 76 mm (3 in.) from the top of the rail head. An impulse hammer is used to generate waves below 50 kHz that can successfully detect cracks larger than 15% of the head cross-sectional area. For smaller cracks-those as shallow as 1 mm-a pulsed laser is used for generating waves above 100 kHz. The inspection ranges are at least 10 m (32 ft) for cracks larger than 15% of the head area and at least 500 mm (20 in.) for surface head cracks as shallow as 1 mm. The defect detection reliability is improved by using both reflection and transmission measurements.

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Locat, Jacques, Normand Beauséjour, and Marc-André Bérubé. "Utilisation du céléromètre ultrasonique sur des sols cohérents." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-034.

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The recent developments in acoustical methods make it possible to obtain, in the laboratory, quick and simple measures of the speed of propagation of the compression (Vp) and shear (Vs) waves in cohesive saturated or nonsaturated soils. The ultrasonic celerometer has allowed the observation of a significant correlation between the speed of the shear waves and the shear strength measured with the Swedish cone in clayey soils with or without additives. This nondestructive test could be currently used in geotechnical practice. Key words: ustrasonic celerometer, dynamic-elastic constants, nondestructive test, laboratory test, acoustic method, Swedish cone shear strength, cohesive soils, shear wave speed, compression wave speed. [Journal translation]

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Lee, Chang Hoon, Beom Hoon Park, Young Hun Kim, Hyeong Geun Jo, and Kwan Kyu Park. "Particle Manipulation in 2D Space Using a Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040534.

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Ultrasonic particle manipulation is a noncontact method for controlling microscale objects, such as cells or microparticles, using an acoustic field. In this study, a 2D array of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), placed horizontally in immersion, generated ultrasonic waves in the vertical direction, and the oil’s surface increased due to the radiation force of the ultrasonic waves. In addition, the radiation force directly exerted a force on a floating particle. By measuring the movement of the reflected laser light by the moving oil surface, the height of the oil’s surface deformed by the acoustic radiation force (ARF) was measured. The ARF made a floating particle, as well as the oil’s surface, move. The particle moved radially away from the surface position above the transducer, and its velocity was determined by its position on the fluid’s surface. When a single channel was operated, it moved 0.4 mm at an average speed of 90 μm/s, and when two adjacent channels were operated, it moved 1.2 mm at a speed of 272 μm/s. The particles moved in any direction on the surface of the oil by controlling the actuation channel using an electrical switch.

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Poursan Dalir, Mohammad, Ehsan Hedayati, and Arefeh Hedayati. "Detection and identification of subcutaneous defects using ultrasonic waves in reflective test." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 8003–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.15.2.2021.06.0631.

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Non-destructive ultrasonic evaluation is one of the methods used for inspection in mechanical engineering. This method has diverse applications in various fields, including industry and medicine. The main purpose of this research is to identify a subcutaneous defect with ultrasonic waves. This is done by sending ultrasonic waves into the skin tissue and receiving backward echoes, simulating them using a software, and calculating the time difference using the speed of sound. In this research, the behavior of longitudinal and transverse waves is investigated in collisions with a defect by describing the genesis and application history as well as the principles and definitions of ultrasonic waves. In the test, first, the method of identifying the subcutaneous defect is explained. Then, the dimensions and stiffness of the defect are determined by analyzing the information obtained from the location. Using the 3.5-MHz probe, the defect was detected at a distance of 1.8 mm, indicating a high level of reliability compared to the sonography imaging device. This was while the 10-MHz probe failed to detect the defect just near the skin surface. The results confirm the choice of this method as a suitable method for detecting the subcutaneous defect.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ultrasonic waves Speed"

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Spurlock, Chad Matthew Hughes Mary Leigh. "Determination of elastic constants and damage in ceramic matrix composites using ultrasonic wave speed measurements." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/SPURLOCK_CHAD_5.pdf.

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2

Moros, Eduardo Gerardo 1960. "SIMULATIONS OF SCANNED FOCUSSED ULTRASOUND HYPERTHERMIA: THE EFFECTS OF SCANNING SPEED, SCANNING PATTERN AND MULTIPLE TILTED TRANSDUCERS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276440.

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A transient three-dimensional simulation program was developed to study the effects of scanning speed, scanning pattern, blood perfusion, transducer choice and multiple tilted transducers with overlapping foci during scanned focussed ultrasound hyperthermia. The results showed that (1) the temperature fluctuations increase linearly with decreasing scanning speed, (2) the temperature fluctuations are a weak, increasingly exponential function of the blood perfusion rate, and (3) that the largest temperature fluctuation is always located at the acoustical focal depth on the scan path independently of focal plane depth. Simulations using multiple scan paths showed that relatively uniform average temperature distributions can be achieved at the focal zone as long as the spacing between the concentric scans was not greater than the diameter of the focus of the power field. Finally, the results showed that using multiple tilted transducers with overlapping foci, increased focussing can be obtained at the focal depth.

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Ormachea, Quispe Juvenal. "Evaluation of shear wave speed measurements using crawling waves sonoelastography and single tracking location acoustic radiation force impulse imaging." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6195.

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Many pathological conditions are closely related with an increase in tissue sti ness. For many years, experts performed manual palpation in order to measure elasticity changes, however, this method can only be applied on superficial areas of the human body and provides crude sti ness estimation. Elastography is a technique that attempts to characterize the elastic properties of tissue in order to provide additional and useful information for clinical diagnosis. For more than twenty years, di erent research groups have developed various elastography modalities with a strong interest for quantitative images during the last decade. Recently, comparative studies among di erent elastographic techniques have been performed in order to better characterize biomaterials, to cross-validate several shear wave elastographic modalities and to study the factors that influence their precision and accuracy. This comparison works may contribute to achieve standardization in quantitative elastography and their use in commercial equipment for their application in human patients. However, there is still a limited literature in the field of quantitative elastography modalities comparisons. This thesis focuses on the comparison between two elastographic techniques: crawling wave sonoelastography (CWS) and single tracking location-acoustic radiation force impulse (STL-ARFI). The comparison shows the estimation of the shear wave speed (SWS), lateral resolution, contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms using both techniques. The SWS values obtained with both modalities are validated with mechanical measurements that are considered as ground truth. The SWS results for the three di erent homogeneous phantoms (10%, 13%, and 16% gelatin concentrations), show good agreement between CWS, STL-ARFI and mechanical measurements as a function of frequency. The maximum accuracy errors obtained with CWS were 2.52%, 1.63% and 2.26%. For STL-ARFI, the maximum errors were 6.22%, 5.63% and 4.08% for the 10%,13% and 16% gelatin phantom respectively. For lateral resolution, contrast and CNR estimated in the inhomogeneous phantoms, it can be seen that for vibration frequencies higher than 340 Hz, CWS presents better results than the obtained with STL-ARFI using distances between the push beams ( x) higher than 4 mm. However, using these vibration frequencies will not be feasible for in vivo tissues due to attenuation problems. It that sense, for lower vibration frequencies than 300 Hz and x among 3 mm and 6 mm, comparable lateral resolution, contrast and CNR was obtained. Finally, the results of this study contribute to the data currently available for comparing elastographic techniques. Moreover, the methodology implemented in this document may be helpful for future standardization for di erent elastographic modalities.
Tesis

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Sarvaš, Ondřej. "Diagnostické metody použitelné pro monitorování sušícího procesu cihlářských výrobků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392324.

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This work deals with the study of diagnostic methods suitable for monitoring of the drying process of brick raw materials. Based on the extensive literature search, several parameters are selected, which are appropriate to monitoring during drying. In addition, a methodology for measuring these selected parameters is proposed. In the experimental part, the use of all described methods is gradually verified on the brick raw material with and without shortening additive (also known as grog). Was carried out: measurement of the surface temperature in the climatic chamber, determination of humidity distribution in the sample, determination of moisture diffusivity, determination of tensile strength, determination of ultrasonic wave velocity and determination of dynamic E-modulus of elasticity. Results of experiments and the gained experiences show, that at least two of the above-mentioned monitoring methods are very appropriate and beneficial – determination of moisture diffusivity and determination of tensile strength. In the work was described in detail the procedure of determination of moisture diffusivity of material. The dependence of moisture diffusivity on the moisture content of the dried material, has been described. Also, differences between raw material with grog and without grog has been described. As part of the practical verification of the experiment designed to determine the tensile strength at different humidity levels of test samples. A new shape of the test specimens and a new device were designed to allow them to be attached to a hydraulic press. The results of this work show that the tensile strength of the ceramic green bodies is primarily dependent on the moisture content of the material. The type of raw material almost does not affect the tensile strength.

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Niesler, Herbert. "A new technique for the measurement of elastic wave velocities on jacketted polycrystals at high pressure." Master's thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/136548.

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lin, gwo-long, and 林國榮. "A Study on Evaluation of the Concrete Strength of Different Property Using the Ultrasonic P-Wave Speed." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32277224295328100833.

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Liu, Ding-Huo, and 劉丁火. "The Development of Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for the Monitoring of Fatigue Damage in Reactor Coolant Pump Shaft and Measurement of speed of Cylindrical Surface Wave." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70411866465449137824.

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碩士
長庚大學
機械工程研究所
88
Reactor coolant pump (RCP) is one of the key components for the steam supply system in light water type reactors. Due to inevitable stress concentration in the RCP shaft, together with long-term fatigue loading, fatigue cracks initiate and propagate from the stress-concentrated area. The fatigue damage can cause a high vibration amplitude and eventually the stop of the reactor system. In order to detect and evaluate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in the RPC shaft, we use transducer to find fatigue cracks by traditional NDT techniques. And this paper provides a new method of using line-focus PVDF transducers for measurement speed of surface wave in a cylinder. The transducer is made up cylindrically concave polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film and a broadband frequency response.We use a len-less LEB transducer that is compatible with a pulser/receiver system and utilize the time-resolved method to obtain speed of cylindrical surface wave. We found that the dispersion relation of cylindrical surface wave by acoustic microscope (AM) system for the first time.

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Koch, Philipp. "Partikelmodellierung der Strukturbildung akustischer Kavitationsblasen in Wechselwirkung mit dem Schalldruckfeld." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/524828539.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Ultrasonic waves Speed"

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Roth, Don J. Subtle porosity variation in the YBaCuO7-x high-temperature superconductor revealed by ultrasonic imaging. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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2

Swain, Eric D. Effects of horizontal velocity variations on ultrasonic velocity measurements in open channels. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Swain, Eric D. Effects of horizontal velocity variations on ultrasonic velocity measurements in open channels. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ultrasonic waves Speed"

1

Wang, K., W. Cao, and Z. Su. "In Situ Condition Monitoring of High-Speed Rail Tracks Using Diffuse Ultrasonic Waves: From Theory to Applications." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 601–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9199-0_57.

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Kang, Jeong-Jin, Keehong Um, Sooyeup Yoo, Jong-Jin Park, and Sang-Bong Park. "Developing Ultrasonic Wave Oscillators Using Low Speed Analog to Digital Converter." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 183–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35521-9_27.

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Gannon, Adam, Elizabeth Wheeler, Kyle Brown, Eric Flynn, and Will Warren. "A High-Speed Dual-Stage Ultrasonic Guided Wave System for Localization and Characterization of Defects." In Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection, Volume 7, 123–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15230-1_12.

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Chimenti, Dale, Stanislav Rokhlin, and Peter Nagy. "Bulk Ultrasonic Techniques for Evaluation of Elastic Properties." In Physical Ultrasonics of Composites. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195079609.003.0007.

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Currently, the design of most composite components is based on stiffness, and therefore methods for static measurement of stiffness are in wide use. The disadvantages of these methods lie in their destructive nature (the samples must be cut from parts of different orientations), in the difficulty of measuring shear properties, and in the need for extra care when measuring Young’s modulus in off-axis directions. Ultrasonic methods are more accurate and have higher spatial resolution than static measurements. As we showed in Chapter 2, by measuring ultrasonic velocities in several predefined directions, all elastic constants can be determined. The generic method described there is also destructive, however, requiring cutting numerous samples with appropriate fiber orientation. Specialized nondestructive methods for determining the elastic moduli of composite materials are more powerful and they can be applied to composite coupons before, during, and after strength or fatigue testing. It is important to have a fast and inexpensive technique to estimate input parameters for composite design. It is even more important to have a technique to evaluate composites during service to verify that the manufactured elastic stiffnesses match those assumed in the design. Several methods that utilize bulk ultrasonic waves for measurement of composite elastic constants are considered in this chapter. By bulk wave methods, we mean quasilongitudinal and quasitransverse ultrasonic wave velocity measurement methods that are applicable when the sample thickness h is larger than both the ultrasonic pulse space length τV and the wavelength λ (τ is the ultrasonic pulse length in time, and V is the wave speed). Other methods, which are applicable in the range h < τV and which account for wave interference with the boundaries of the specimen, will be considered in the following chapters. The most promising way to evaluate composite elastic properties nondestructively is to measure ultrasonic velocities in different directions in the composite material and reconstruct the elastic constants from these values using some kind of an inversion technique. One possible method has been suggested by Markham in the 1970s, who used ultrasonic waves obliquely incident from water onto a composite plate to measure ultrasonic velocities in various directions and evaluated the results to determine elastic constants.

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Hsu, Nelson N., and Donald G. Eitzen. "POINT SOURCE/POINT RECEIVER ULTRASONIC WAVE SPEED MEASUREMENT." In Ultrasonics International 87, 509–13. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-408-02348-1.50086-x.

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GRAVEEN, Cole, Jason WEISS, Jan OLEK, and Tommy NANTUNG. "IMPLICATIONS OF MATURITY AND ULTRASONIC WAVE SPEED MEASUREMENTS IN QC/QA FOR CONCRETE." In Brittle Matrix Composites 7, 379–88. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857093103.379.

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Zhang, Deyuan, Huawei Chen, Yonggang Jiang, Jun Cai, Lin Feng, and Xiangyu Zhang. "Bionic interfaces lubrication enhancement wave motion machining technology—A high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting technology." In Micro- and Nano-Bionic Surfaces, 265–307. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824502-6.00003-x.

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Zych, Jerzy, Marcin Myszka, and Janusz Postuła. "‘Vari-Morph’ (VM) Cast Iron with Several Forms of Graphite: Technology, Properties, Application." In Casting Processes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102045.

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Cast iron with mixed-shape graphite and controlled fractions of individual shapes, known as VM cast iron (‘Vari - Morph’), can become material for castings with special requirements. The name of the cast iron ‘Vari Morph’ (VM) was first proposed by the authors in 2018 at the World Congress of Foundries in Krakow. VM cast iron displays physical and mechanical properties, which cannot be achieved with homogeneously shaped graphite. Cast iron with (L – flake) + (V – vermicular) graphite is characterised by good thermal conductivity and better A5 (elongation) and Rm (tensile strength) (than grey cast iron. What is of particular interest is cast iron with a mixed form: (S – spheroidal) + (V – vermicular). Currently, research is being carried out to achieve cast iron with a high-quality index (QI) defined as Rm/HB. This paper presents the results of research of physical (thermal conductivity), mechanical (Rm and A5) and functional properties (thermal fatigue) of VM cast iron. The ultrasound technique was applied for assessing the graphite compactness degree (ξ): ultrasonic wave speed CL = f(ξ), damping factor α = f(ξ). The article also presents the correlations between the above-mentioned parameters, as well as describes the technology used to produce VM cast iron and possible areas of application of the material.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ultrasonic waves Speed"

1

Nassar, Sayed A., and Aditya B. Veeram. "Ultrasonic Control of Fastener Tightening Using Varying Wave Speed." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71578.

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A high precision ultrasonic technique and a test apparatus are developed for the real-time control of the fastener elongation during the tightening process of bolted joints. This is accomplished by monitoring the propagation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves through the fastener material and the reflection of these waves at the end of the fastener. The round trip time of the longitudinal waves is continuously measured and monitored in real-time. Using the wave speed in the fastener material, the change in the round trip time determines the fastener elongation, which creates fastener tension and joint clamp load. The wave speed through the bolt material is stress dependent; hence, it continuously changes as the fastener is being elongated during the tightening process. A varying wave speed algorithm is developed and utilized in order to compensate for wave speed variations. Because the torque-tension relationship in threaded fasteners is highly sensitive to friction variations, the scatter in such relationship is often unacceptable, especially in critical applications. By contrast, the automatic control of the fastener elongation during the tightening process would eliminate the dependence on the torque value as a predictor for the bolt tension. Hence, the new ultrasonic technique for the real-control of the fastener tension, by monitoring its elongation, would significantly enhance the reliability of bolted assemblies.

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2

Wang, Le, Kang-dong Zhao, Hui Shen, Zhi-wen Wang, Chun-sheng Zhao, and Xiao-long Lu. "A Novel High-Speed Rotary Ultrasonic Micro Motor." In 2019 13th Symposium on Piezoelectrcity, Acoustic Waves and Device Applications (SPAWDA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawda.2019.8681830.

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3

Emmony, David C., and Barry Ward. "Surface-generated ultrasonic waves in solids by a Nd-YAG laser." In 20th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics, edited by John M. Dewey and Roberto G. Racca. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.145724.

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Ali, Rehman, Sharil Maredia, Arsenii Telichko, Huaijun Wang, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Jose Vilches-Moure, and Jeremy J. Dahl. "Sound speed estimation in layered media using the angular coherence of plane waves." In Ultrasonic Imaging and Tomography, edited by Nicole V. Ruiter and Brett C. Byram. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2548878.

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CHEN, HUA-PENG, KUI SUN, and QINGSONG FENG. "Propagation Characteristics of Ultrasonic Guided Waves in High-Speed Rails." In Structural Health Monitoring 2019. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2019/32428.

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Sotiropoulos, D. A. "Ultrasonic Interfacial Waves in a Finitely Strained Elastic Structure." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/nde-25800.

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Abstract Ultrasonic interfacial waves in a finitely strained elastic structure are examined. The structure consists of an incompressible surface layer and a compressible half-space both materials being non-linear elastic and isotropic with otherwise general strain energy densities. On the underlying strain which is in general different in the two materials are superposed ultrasonic interfacial waves. The dispersion equation is obtained in explicit form for pre-strain with common principal axes in the two materials. For a small surface layer, the wave speed is derived in explicit form yielding material parameter conditions for the non-existence of interfacial waves.

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SHEN, YANFENG, JUNFANG WANG, and YI-QING NI. "Structural Health Monitoring of High-speed Railways using Ultrasonic Guided Waves." In Structural Health Monitoring 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2017/14198.

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Wang, Le, Xiao-long Lu, Chun-sheng Zhao, and Cheng Xue. "A novel high-speed rotary ultrasonic motor applied to micro air vehicles." In 2016 Symposium on Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications (SPAWDA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawda.2016.7829984.

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Ma, Guang-ye, Chao Chen, and Hai-peng Chen. "Performance analysis and experimental researches of ultrasonic motor under high speed rotating conditions." In 2017 Symposium on Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications (SPAWDA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawda.2017.8340367.

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Sikorski, Steve L., and Rick Pfannenstiel. "Fast UT: A New Ultrasonic Inspection Technique." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-196.

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The method discussed in this paper uses a simple and concise procedure, which is effective and reliable for locating tip-diffracted signals. The technique utilizes refracted longitudinal waves to both detect and size planar flaws. Confusing signals which are traditionally associated with angled L-wave techniques, due to mode conversion and direct shear wave reflections, are significantly reduced, while enhancing the ability to detect tip signals by using the FAST™ technique. This technique increases the speed of detection and simplifies sizing compared to traditional shear wave examinations and/or other advanced techniques. FAST™ is an acronym for Flaw Analysis and Sizing Technique.

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Reports on the topic "Ultrasonic waves Speed"

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Aguiar, Brandon, Paul Bianco, and Arvind Agarwal. Using High-Speed Imaging and Machine Learning to Capture Ultrasonic Treatment Cavitation Area at Different Amplitudes. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009773.

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The ultrasonic treatment process strengthens metals by increasing nucleation and decreasing grain size in an energy efficient way, without having to add anything to the material. The goal of this research endeavor was to use machine learning to automatically measure cavitation area in the Ultrasonic Treatment process to understand how amplitude influences cavitation area. For this experiment, a probe was placed into a container filled with turpentine because it has a similar viscosity to liquid aluminum. The probe gyrates up and down tens of micrometers at a frequency of 20 kHz, which causes cavitations to form in the turpentine. Each experimental trial ran for 5 seconds. We took footage on a high-speed camera running the UST probe from 20% to 35% amplitude in increments of 1%. Our research examined how the amplitude of the probe changed the cavitation area per unit time. It was vital to get a great contrast between the cavitations and the turpentine so that we could train a machine learning model to measure the cavitation area in a software called Dragonfly. We observed that as amplitude increased, average cavitation area also increased. Plotting cavitation area versus time shows that the cavitation area for a given amplitude increases and decreases in a wave-like pattern as time passes.

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