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1

Pelosi, Paolo, and Francesco Corradi. "Ultrasonography in the Intensive Care Unit." Anesthesiology 117, no. 4 (2012): 696–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318264c663.

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2

Manno, Emilpaolo, Mauro Navarra, Luciana Faccio, et al. "Deep Impact of Ultrasound in the Intensive Care Unit." Anesthesiology 117, no. 4 (2012): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318264c621.

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Background Ultrasound can influence the diagnosis and impact the treatment plan in critical patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether, without encountering major environment- or patient-related limitations, ultrasound examination under a critical care ultrasonography protocol can be performed to detect occult anomalies, to prompt urgent changes in therapy or induce further testing or interventions, and to confirm or modify diagnosis. Methods One hundred and twenty-five consecutive patients admitted to a general intensive care unit were assessed under a critical care ultrasonography protocol, and the data were analyzed prospectively. Systematic ultrasound examination of the optic nerve, thorax, heart, abdomen, and venous system was performed at the bedside. Results Environmental conditions hampered the examination slightly in 101/125 patients (80.8%), moderately in 20/125 patients (16%), and strongly in 4/125 patients (3.2%). Ultrasonographic findings modified the admitting diagnosis in 32/125 patients (25.6%), confirmed it in 73/125 patients (58.4%), were not effective in confirming or modifying it in 17/125 patients (13.6%), and missed it in 3/125 patients (2.4%). Ultrasonographic findings prompted further testing in 23/125 patients (18.4%), led to changes in medical therapy in 22/125 patients (17.6%), and to invasive procedures in 27/125 patients (21.6%). Conclusions In this series of patients consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit, ultrasound examination revealed a high prevalence of unsuspected clinical abnormalities, with the highest number of new ultrasound abnormalities detected in patients with septic shock. As part of rapid global assessment of the patient on admission, our ultrasound protocol holds potential for improving healthcare quality.
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Gayen, Shameek, Jin Sun Kim, and Parag Desai. "Pulmonary Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Intensive Care Unit." AACN Advanced Critical Care 34, no. 2 (2023): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2023550.

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Pulmonary point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a quick and essential tool in the diagnosis of various pulmonary pathologies. Pulmonary POCUS can aid in the detection of pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, and pneumonia, with sensitivity and specificity comparable, if not superior, to those of chest radiograph and chest computed tomography. Knowledge of anatomy and scanning of both lungs in multiple positions is essential for effective pulmonary POCUS. In addition to identifying pertinent anatomic structures such as the diaphragm, liver, spleen, and pleura and identifying specific ultrasonography findings such as A-lines, B-lines, lung sliding, and dynamic air bronchograms, POCUS helps detect pleural and parenchymal abnormalities. Proficiency in pulmonary POCUS is an attainable and essential skill in the care and management of the critically ill patient.
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Peng, Xijuan, Tao Luo, Linong Yao, et al. "Ultrasonography in the intensive care unit: a bibliometrics analysis." Journal of Thoracic Disease 16, no. 1 (2024): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-23-1190.

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Cho, Hye Jung, Eun Jin Kim, and Dong Woo Son. "Neonatologist-Performed Cranial Ultrasonography in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Neonatal Medicine 29, no. 2 (2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.2.57.

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Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is an initial screening imaging tool used to evaluate the neonatal brain. It is an accessible, inexpensive, and harmless technique that can be used at bedside as frequently as required. Timely focused CUS in the neonatal care unit can play a major role in the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of brain damage. Despite the increasing use of point-of-care ultrasonography by intensive care physicians, neonatologist-performed CUS remains unusual. This review aims to provide an overview of neonatal CUS to neonatologists, focusing on the optimal settings, standard planes of the brain, and main pathologies in preterm infants. Adding Doppler studies allows evaluation of the patency of intracranial arteries and veins, flow velocities, and indices. This may provide an opportunity for earlier targeted circulatory support to prevent brain injury and improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Lisciandro, Gregory R. "Cageside Ultrasonography in the Emergency Room and Intensive Care Unit." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 50, no. 6 (2020): 1445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.07.013.

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7

Shiloh, Ariel L., Lewis A. Eisen, and Richard H. Savel. "Goal-directed ultrasonography in the intensive care unit: No more excuses!*." Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 4 (2011): 879–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e318208e393.

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Lammers, Stephen, and Cara D. Dolin. "Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Intensive Care Unit for the Obstetric Patient." AACN Advanced Critical Care 34, no. 3 (2023): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2023934.

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Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a tool that can be used to evaluate critically ill obstetric patients, in the same way as for nonpregnant patients. With knowledge of the physiology and anatomical changes of pregnancy, POCUS can provide meaningful information to help guide clinical management. A POCUS cardiothoracic evaluation for left and right ventricular function, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax can be performed in pregnancy. A Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma examination in pregnancy is performed similarly to that in nonpregnant patients, and the information obtained can guide decision-making regarding operative versus nonoperative management of trauma. POCUS is also used to glean important obstetric information in the setting of critical illness and trauma, such as fetal status, gestational age, and placental location. These obstetric evaluations should be performed rapidly to minimize delay and enable pregnant patients to receive the same care for critical illness and trauma as nonpregnant patients.
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9

Kalchiem-Dekel, Or, Saamia Hossain, Cosmin Gauran, et al. "An evolving role for endobronchial ultrasonography in the intensive care unit." Journal of Thoracic Disease 13, no. 8 (2021): 5183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2019-ipicu-09.

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10

Chen, Shui-Wen, Wei Fu, Jing Liu, and Yan Wang. "Routine application of lung ultrasonography in the neonatal intensive care unit." Medicine 96, no. 2 (2017): e5826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000005826.

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11

Bernier-Jean, Amélie, Martin Albert, Ariel L. Shiloh, Lewis A. Eisen, David Williamson, and Yanick Beaulieu. "The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Impact of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 32, no. 3 (2016): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066615606682.

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Purpose: In light of point-of-care ultrasonography’s (POCUS) recent rise in popularity, assessment of its impact on diagnosis and treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) is of key importance. Methods: Ultrasound examinations were collected through an ultrasound reporting software in 6 multidisciplinary ICU units from 3 university hospitals in Canada and the United States. This database included a self-reporting questionnaire to assess the impact of the ultrasound findings on diagnosis and treatment. We retrieved the results of these questionnaires and analyzed them in relation to which organs were assessed during the ultrasound examination. Results: One thousand two hundred and fifteen ultrasound studies were performed on 968 patients. Intensivists considered the image quality of cardiac ultrasound to be adequate in 94.7% compared to 99.7% for general ultrasound ( P < .001). The median duration of a cardiac examination was 10 (interquartile range [IQR] 10) minutes compared to 5 (IQR 8) minutes for a general examination ( P < .001). Overall, ultrasound findings led to a change in diagnosis in 302 studies (24.9%) and to a change in management in 534 studies (44.0%). A change in diagnosis or management was reported more frequently for cardiac ultrasound than for general ultrasound (108 [37.1%] vs 127 [16.5%], P < .001) and (170 [58.4%] vs 270 [35.1%], P < .001). Assessment of the inferior vena cava for fluid status emerged as the critical care ultrasound application associated with the greatest impact on management. Conclusion: Point-of-care ultrasonography has the potential to optimize care of the critically ill patients when added to the clinical armamentarium of the intensive care physician.
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Dağdelen, Melike Şeyda, İlkay Ceylan, and Ferda Şöhret Kahveci. "Verifiying gastric tube placement using neck ultrasonography in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit." Kastamonu Medical Journal 3, no. 2 (2023): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51271/kmj-0100.

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Aims: This study aimed to compare neck ultrasonography to chest X-ray—the gold standard technique—to evaluate the effectiveness in verifying gastric tube placement. Methods: This prospective study reported the data of the 39 mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. While inserting the gastric tube, a linear ultrasound probe was simultaneously used to visualize the esophagus in the left lateral region of the neck, and obscuration of the posterior esophageal wall was observed during passage of the tube. In addition, ultrasonography was used to detect “dynamic fogging” in the stomach, while auscultation was also used to determine the location of the tube. Chest X-ray images were captured from all patients included in the study. Results: Among 39 patients who had been enrolled in the study, three of them died before chest X-ray, the esophagus could not be visualized in 9 and the stomach could not be visualized in 4 using ultrasonography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of neck ultrasonography in verifying gastric tube placement were 69.7%, 66.7%, 95.8% and 16.7%, respectively and, 51.5%, 100%, 100% and 15.7%, respectively, for stomach ultrasonography. Conclusion: Visualization of gastric tube insertion in the esophagus using neck ultrasonography demonstrated various advantages including non-invasiveness, rapidity, and bedside technique availability, although it has lower sensitivity and specificity due to its operator-dependent nature.
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Demir, Ufuk, Öztürk Taşkın, and Zahide Doğanay. "Ultrasound-guided neuromonitoring methods in the intensive care unit." Kastamonu Medical Journal 3, no. 4 (2023): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51271/kmj-0128.

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Ultrasonography (USG) is a non-invasive, portable, bedside, reproducible, radiation-free, inexpensive, and easily accessible imaging method. It provides morphological and functional information. It allows for diagnosis, monitoring, and guiding treatment. The usage areas of USG in the ICU are broad. In interventional procedures (thoracentesis, vascular interventions, percutaneous tracheostomy), evaluation of lung pathologies (pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, consolidation, A-line, B line), diaphragm evaluation, abdominal imaging (trauma, kidney, liver), diagnosis and follow-up of deep vein thrombosis and the assessment and follow-up of fluid resuscitation (IVCI) and neuromonitoring. USG-guided neuromonitoring can detect stenosis or occlusion of intracranial arteries, monitor the development of patients with vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, detect cerebral embolism, evaluate the cerebral collateral system, and determine brain death. It can also indirectly calculate intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion under USG guidance.
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14

Manno, Edward M. "TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE NEUROCRITICAL CARE UNIT." Critical Care Clinics 13, no. 1 (1997): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70297-9.

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15

Olusanya, O., AVK Wong, J. Kirk-Bayley, and P. Parulekar. "Incorporating point-of-care ultrasound into daily intensive care unit rounds: Another source of interruptions?" Journal of the Intensive Care Society 21, no. 1 (2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1751143718816913.

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Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is the use of bedside ultrasonography by the treating clinician, incorporating those images into direct clinical decisions. While there are a number of different techniques and training pathways in this relatively new modality, there has been little discussion around the logistics of integrating POCUS into the standard critical care “business day” of ward rounds, procedures and meetings. This article explores some of these aspects and presents data from an online survey of POCUS practitioners.
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AKSELİM, Sinem, Taner DANDİNOĞLU, Serra TOPAL, and Gülbahar ÇALIŞKAN. "The Effects of Early Rehabilitation and Diaphragm Kinesiotaping on Diaphragm Muscle Thickness in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit." Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine 5, no. 3 (2023): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46310/tjim.1279770.

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Objective The efficacy of early rehabilitation in patients in the intensive care unit is apparent. However, it is still unclear in COVID-19 patients. Also, the effects of diaphragm kinesiotaping on outcomes and muscle thickness were not shown previously. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of rehabilitation and diaphragm kinesiotaping in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia by evaluating with the ultrasonography of the diaphragm.
 Methods Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit requiring high flow oxygen therapy included in the study. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit requiring high flow oxygen therapy were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 22) rehabilitation, group 2 (n = 26) rehabilitation and diaphragm kinesiotaping, Group 3 (n = 24) control group-only standard intensive care unit care. Ultrasonographic measurements of diaphragm thickness and thickening fraction were recorded repeatedly.
 Results The demographic characteristics, mortality, and length of stay were not different between groups. However, invasive mechanic ventilation requirement and the decrease in diaphragm thickness and thickening fraction values were significantly lower in the diaphragm kinesiotaping group. Baseline diaphragm thickness and thickening fraction values were found to impact invasive mechanic ventilation requirement. Cut-off values for these parameters are 2.85 mm and 37.95%, respectively.
 Conclusion Baseline diaphragm thickness can be used to predict noninvasive ventilation failure. By the way, the patients who are more likely to develop respiratory failure should receive inspiratory muscle training exercises combined with general rehabilitation principles. Also, diaphragm kinesiotaping should be included in the rehabilitation protocol.
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Avila Hilari, Adrián, Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez, Digmar Ortiz Huiza, Sara Milca Robles-Nina, Alex O. Franco L, and Jose Luis Diaz Guerrero. "Point-of-care ultrasound guided Pericardiocentesis in cardiac tamponade: case report." AG Salud 2 (March 19, 2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.62486/agsalud202442.

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We present the case of a patient with a history of penetrating chest trauma, complicated by hemopneumothorax, resolved by pleurostomy tube. Subsequently, the patient progresses unfavorably with hemodynamic instability and is transferred to the Intensive Care Unit, where POCUS (Point of Care Ultrasound) ultrasonography is performed, showing significant pericardial effusion which is caused by cardiac tamponade, which causes a state of shock. obstructive type, so it was decided to perform ultrasonography-guided pericardiocentesis, showing a favorable evolution after the procedure
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Avila Hilari, Adrián, Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez, Digmar Ortiz Huiza, Robles-Nina Robles-Nina, Franco L. Franco L, and Diaz Guerrero Diaz Guerrero. "Pericardiocentesis guiada por ecografía en el Taponamiento cardíaco: reporte de un caso." AG Salud 1 (February 22, 2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.62486/agsalud202342.

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We present the case of a patient with a history of penetrating chest trauma, complicated by hemopneumothorax, resolved by pleurostomy tube. Subsequently, the patient progresses unfavorably with hemodynamic instability and is transferred to the Intensive Care Unit, where POCUS (Point of Care Ultrasound) ultrasonography is performed, showing significant pericardial effusion which is caused by cardiac tamponade, which causes a state of shock. obstructive type, so it was decided to perform ultrasonography-guided pericardiocentesis, showing a favorable evolution after the procedure
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Almeida, Carlos Eduardo Saldanha de. "Vascular access: the impact of ultrasonography." Einstein (São Paulo) 14, no. 4 (2016): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082016rw3129.

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ABSTRACT Vascular punctures are often necessary in critically ill patients. They are secure, but not free of complications. Ultrasonography enhances safety of the procedure by decreasing puncture attempts, complications and costs. This study reviews important publications and the puncture technique using ultrasound, bringing part of the experience of the intensive care unit of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo (SP), Brazil, and discussing issues that should be considered in future studies.
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Valette, Xavier, Amélie Seguin, Cédric Daubin, et al. "Diaphragmatic dysfunction at admission in intensive care unit: the value of diaphragmatic ultrasonography." Intensive Care Medicine 41, no. 3 (2015): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-014-3636-6.

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STEFANIDIS, Konstantinos, Stavros DIMOPOULOS, and Serafim NANAS. "Basic principles and current applications of lung ultrasonography in the intensive care unit." Respirology 16, no. 2 (2011): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01885.x.

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Busack, Bethany, Vy Tran, Christopher Busack, and Christine Butts. "Ultrasonography of a Helical Left Common Carotid Artery." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, no. 2 (2020): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.2.46272.

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Case Presentation: An 83-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit for septic shock at which point an internal jugular central venous line was placed. The patient’s common carotid artery was visualized in an atypical location, lateral to the internal jugular vein. Further inspection revealed the common carotid artery travelling in a rotational trajectory around the internal jugular vein. Discussion: For at least two decades, point-of-care ultrasound has become the standard of care for placing central venous lines. This surprising anatomical orientation is rare and cautions physicians to fully explore a patient’s anatomy prior to placing central lines.
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Shono, Yuji, Satomi Mezuki, Tomohiko Akahoshi, et al. "Prediction of intracranial lesions in patients with consciousness disturbance by ultrasonography in the intensive care unit." Journal of International Medical Research 50, no. 9 (2022): 030006052211193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221119358.

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Objective This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between parameters measured by bedside ultrasonography and detection of intracranial organic lesions in patients with impaired consciousness in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were admitted to our ICU from April 2017 to July 2019. Patients who underwent computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examination and measurement of the flow velocity of the carotid and intracranial arteries and the optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasonography were selected for analysis. Results In total, 64 patients were analyzed in this study. Of these, intracranial lesions were detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in 17 (27%) patients. The left:right ratio of the end-diastolic velocity of the bilateral common carotid artery (CCA-ED ratio) and the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery (MCA-PI) were significantly higher in patients with than in those without intracranial lesions. The cut-off value of the CCA-ED ratio was 1.55 (sensitivity, 66.7%; specificity, 81.6%), and that of the MCA-PI was 1.21 (sensitivity, 57.1%; specificity, 76.7%). Conclusion Bedside ultrasonography is useful for predicting intracranial lesions requiring therapeutic intervention in ICU patients with impaired consciousness.
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Chen, Weiting, Junbo Chen, Hehao Wang, and Yingzi Chen. "Application of bedside real-time tracheal ultrasonography for confirmation of emergency endotracheal intubation in patients in the intensive care unit." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 4 (2019): 030006051989477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519894771.

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Objective Critically ill patients often require emergency endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. When esophageal intubation is not confirmed early, treatment may be delayed, even for life-threatening conditions. We examined the accuracy of bedside real-time airway ultrasonography in confirming the endotracheal tube (ETT) position during emergency endotracheal intubation in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This single-center prospective observational study included 118 patients who underwent urgent endotracheal intubation in the ICU of Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. Tracheal ultrasonography was used to confirm the ETT position during endotracheal intubation, after which fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed. The accuracy of bedside real-time tracheal ultrasonography in determining the ETT position was examined. Results Twelve (10.2%) patients underwent endotracheal intubation. The kappa value was 0.844, indicating perfect consistency between tracheal ultrasonography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in identifying esophageal intubation. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of tracheal ultrasonography in determining the ETT position were 75.0%, 100%, 100%, and 97.2%, respectively. Conclusions Bedside real-time tracheal ultrasonography accurately assesses the ETT position in the ICU and can identify the ETT position during intubation. These findings have important clinical applications and are of great significance for treatment of ICU patients.
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Alptekin, Burak, Dan-Thuy Tran, Alan Lisbon, and A. Murat Kaynar. "Bedside ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary pathologies in the intensive care unit." Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 18, no. 7 (2006): 534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2006.03.009.

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Channawar, Kanchan S., K. Sri Harsha, and Penubolu Kiranmayee. "Feasibility of three window point of care ultrasound in endotracheal tube positioning in the level III pediatric intensive care unit." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 11, no. 11 (2024): 1540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20243078.

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Background: Proper placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) is an important and very crucial step in airway management. Unrecognized esophageal intubation leads to catastrophic consequences. The standard elements of confirmation have significant limitations. There is no universally accepted gold standard. Recent literature has shown that point of care ultrasound (POCUS) may be helpful in confirming the correct ETT placement and positioning. Methods: We enrolled a prospective, convenience sample from all intubated patients in our pediatric ICU. As part of standard care unit protocol all patients had X-ray to confirm ETT position. Airway ultrasonography was performed immediately after intubation once ETT is secured and patient is connected to ventilator. Patient stability was insured before performing USG. The position of ETT will be confirmed by five-point ultrasonography window one at trachea, bilateral lung sliding and bilateral diaphragmatic movements. Tracheal ultrasonography will be perform using a SonoSite M-turbo linear and curvilinear probe (13-6 and 2-5 MHz). Results: The paediatric patients enrolled in the study were 40 in number. Most of the paediatric population i.e. 47.50% were in between 1-5 years of age The three‑window POCUS method correctly identified the ETT to be either in the trachea or oesophageal in all 40 instances, (Correct or incorrect or bronchial) sensitivity of 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.3-100.0%) when compared to X-ray chest. There were no adverse events during ultrasound. The mean time required for three-window POCUS was 69.9±27.01 seconds as compared to X-ray 3337.5±1374.24 seconds which was statistically highly significant (p<0.0000001). Conclusions: POCUS is a very good bedside tool for detection and monitoring of ETT position in children in emergency setups. POCUS has very good sensitivity in detecting ETT position when compared to CXR. The time consumed to carry out POCUS is statistically significantly less than CXR and hence an effective lifesaving tool.
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Vallabhajosyula, S., S. Pruthi, S. Shah, B. M. Wiley, S. V. Mankad, and J. C. Jentzer. "Basic and Advanced Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Dysfunction in Sepsis and Septic Shock." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 46, no. 1 (2018): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x1804600104.

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Sepsis continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the intensive care unit. Cardiovascular dysfunction in sepsis is associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes. Sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction is noted in 20%–65% of these patients and manifests as isolated or combined left or right ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction Echocardiography is the most commonly used modality for the diagnosis of sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction. With the increasing use of ultrasonography in the intensive care unit, there is a renewed interest in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction. This review summarises the current scope of literature focused on sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction and highlights the use of basic and advanced echocardiographic techniques for the diagnosis of sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction and the management of sepsis and septic shock.
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Shin, Ho Jeong, Myung Hun Jang, Myung Jun Shin, and Jun Woo Lee. "Pulmonary rehabilitation in the intensive care unit using surface electromyography in a patient with diaphragmatic injury: A case report." Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 69, no. 2 (2022): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2023.8751.

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Diaphragmatic injury (DI) following blunt trauma can cause pulmonary complications and increased duration of ventilator-dependent intensive care unit stay. Herein, we present a 62-year-old female patient with severe trauma who was diagnosed with liver laceration and multiple rib fractures and underwent emergency laparotomy. Extubation was attempted; however, the patient had to be reintubated due to dyspnea. After reintubation, decreased right diaphragmatic excursion was confirmed by ultrasonography and the patient was diagnosed with DI. Surface electromyographic biofeedback was performed during diaphragmatic breathing training to increase the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation. Early diagnosis of DI may be possible using ultrasonography, and the use of surface electromyographic biofeedback is suggested for pulmonary rehabilitation in critically ill trauma patients.
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Elatroush, Hatem Hamed, Tarek Samy Essawy, Mahmoud Mohamed Kenawy, Ahmed Samir Abd El Aziem Karoub, and Amira Mohamed Ismail. "The Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Respiratory Failure Patients." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, no. 1 (2023): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2634.

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Background: Lung ultrasound is a new diagnostic tool for diagnosis of acute chest conditions. The aim of the current study was to assess the accuracy of lung ultrasound algorithm in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with respiratory failure. Methods: This is a randomized comparative study included 80 patients admitted to the intensive care unit, Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital during three years from October 2017- October 2020. The study received the approval of ethical committee of faculty Medicine, Kasr- El-Einy, Cairo University. History, clinical examination, Chest X ray, Computed tomography (CT) chest, lung US, and Echocardiography were done. Results: Ultrasonography (US) showed sensitivity and specificity 100 %, 100% respectively in diagnosis of pneumothorax Regarding pneumonia, sensitivity and specificity of US were (68.2%, 86.2% respectively). Regarding interstitial lung disease (ILD), sensitivity and specificity of US were (55.6%, 98.6%). Additionally, as regard pulmonary edema and pleural effusion, US sensitivity and specificity were (66.7%, 97.4%) and (78.9%, 98.4%) respectively. Conclusion: In comparison with CT scan, bedside lung ultrasonography (LUS) seems to be a valuable substitute in cases where performing CT is problematic. We recommend starting the use of bedside LUS as routine tool to improve the diagnostic accuracy for most of the pulmonary presentations.
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Mariat, Geraldine, Philippe Mahul, Nathalie Prévôt, et al. "Contribution of ultrasonography and cholescintigraphy to the diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis in intensive care unit patients." Intensive Care Medicine 26, no. 11 (2000): 1658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340000684.

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Chalumeau-Lemoine, Ludivine, Jean-Luc Baudel, Vincent Das, et al. "Results of short-term training of naïve physicians in focused general ultrasonography in an intensive-care unit." Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 10 (2009): 1767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-009-1531-3.

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Palakshappa, Jessica Ann, and Rita N. Bakhru. "Bedside Ultrasonography Can and Should Be Used in the Intensive Care Unit to Evaluate Muscle Atrophy." Annals of the American Thoracic Society 16, no. 9 (2019): 1107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201812-879ip.

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Shebl, Eman, and AhmedM Said. "The role of tracheal ultrasonography in confirming endotracheal tube placement in respiratory intensive-care unit patients." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 68, no. 3 (2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejcdt.ejcdt_192_18.

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34

Tsolaki, Vasiliki, George E. Zakynthinos, Konstantina Deskata, et al. "Infective or Non-Infective Endocarditis: A Brief Literature Review Based on a Case Report." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 8 (2025): 2675. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082675.

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In the present report, we describe a patient presenting in the intensive care unit with fever, respiratory failure, and multiple lesions on cardiac valves. The patient, with a history of multiple myeloma under treatment, was intubated due to ARDS from influenza, and cardiac ultrasonography revealed lesions in the aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves. There is a step-by-step approach in the case presentation, with clinical questions, while there is a review of the current literature concerning the issue.
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Kumar, N., A. Kumar, A. Kumar, and A. Kumar. "Serial transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography in intensive care unit for assessment of vocal cord palsy: a case report." Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica 71, no. 2 (2020): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.56126/71.2.6.

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A direct laryngoscopy is currently the standard method for diagnosing RLN (Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve) paralysis after thyroid or parathyroid surgery but this procedure can be uncomfortable for patients and may cause undesirable changes in vital signs. A 40 years old female after a total thyroidectomy was assumed to have a bilateral vocal cord palsy on direct laryngoscopy after surgery. Patient was shifted to intensive care unit (ICU) on ventilatory support. We used serial transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography in the ICU for assessing the vocal cord functions along with conservative management. After 3 days, we were able to safely extubate the trachea and tracheostomy was avoided.
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Rana, Suraj, Bishow Kumar Shrestha, Chiranjibi Pant, Shital Adhikari, and Sudhir Regmi. "LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION ESTIMATION BY POINT OF CARE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS ADMITTED IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 10, no. 1 (2020): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.120.

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Background: Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) by non-cardiologist is a safe and rapidly evolving diagnostic modality for the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study aims to correlate the eyeball estimation of LVEF (EBEF) with modified Simpson’s method and linear measurement in M-mode parasternal long axis view (PLAX).
 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College. POCUS was performed in all ICU patients on the day of admission with optimal image acquisition and LVEF was estimated by three different methods and correlation of results were analyzed. 
 Results: Out of total 52 patients studied, median age was 58.38 ± 17.58 years (range: 24 – 89 years). There were 28 males (53.8%) and 24 females (46.2%) in this study. LVEF measured by eyeballing method and modified Simpson’s method had excellent correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.956, P<0.001). However, there was only a good correlation (r= 0.882, P<0.001) between linear measurement method in M-mode view and Simpson’s method. It was found that eyeballing method underestimates EF as measured by Simpson’s method by an average of 2.33% (95% CI: 1.12 – 3.55%).Similarly, EF measurement by linear method overestimates EF as compared to results observed by Simpson’s method by an average of 6.57% (95% CI: 4.87 – 8.27%).
 Conclusions: Excellent correlation was observed between EBEF and modified Simpson’s method while linear measurements in M-mode may give incorrect estimation of EF especially in patients with regional wall motion abnormality.
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Rana, Suraj, Bishow Kumar Shrestha, Chiranjibi Pant, Shital Adhikari, and Sudhir Regmi. "Left ventricle ejection fraction estimation by point of care echocardiography in patients admitted in intensive care unit." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 10, no. 1 (2020): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v10i1.28072.

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Background: Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) by non-cardiologist is a safe and rapidly evolving diagnostic modality for the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study aims to correlate the eyeball estimation of LVEF (EBEF) with modified Simpson’s method and linear measurement in M-mode parasternal long axis view (PLAX).
 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College. POCUS was performed in all ICU patients on the day of admission with optimal image acquisition and LVEF was estimated by three different methods and correlation of results were analyzed. 
 Results: Out of total 52 patients studied, median age was 58.38 ± 17.58 years (range: 24 – 89 years). There were 28 males (53.8%) and 24 females (46.2%) in this study. LVEF measured by eyeballing method and modified Simpson’s method had excellent correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.956, P<0.001). However, there was only a good correlation (r= 0.882, P<0.001) between linear measurement method in M-mode view and Simpson’s method. It was found that eyeballing method underestimates EF as measured by Simpson’s method by an average of 2.33% (95% CI: 1.12 – 3.55%).Similarly, EF measurement by linear method overestimates EF as compared to results observed by Simpson’s method by an average of 6.57% (95% CI: 4.87 – 8.27%).
 Conclusions: Excellent correlation was observed between EBEF and modified Simpson’s method while linear measurements in M-mode may give incorrect estimation of EF especially in patients with regional wall motion abnormality.
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Calamai, Italo, Massimiliano Greco, Marzia Savi, et al. "Thoracic UltrasONOgraphy Reporting: The TUONO Consensus." Diagnostics 13, no. 9 (2023): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13091535.

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The widespread use of the lung ultrasound (LUS) has not been followed by the development of a comprehensive standardized tool for its reporting in the intensive care unit (ICU) which could be useful to promote consistency and reproducibility during clinical examination. This work aims to define the essential features to be included in a standardized reporting tool and provides a structured model form to fully express the diagnostic potential of LUS and facilitate intensivists in the use of a LUS in everyday clinical ICU examination. We conducted a modified Delphi process to build consensus on the items to be integrated in a standardized report form and on its structure. A committee of 19 critical care physicians from 19 participating ICUs in Italy was formed, including intensivists experienced in ultrasound from both teaching hospitals and referral hospitals, and internationally renowned experts on the LUS. The consensus for 31 statements out of 33 was reached at the third Delphi round. A structured model form was developed based on the approved statements. The development of a standardized model as a backbone to report a LUS may facilitate the guidelines’ application in clinical practice and increase inter-operator agreement. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of standardized reports in critically ill patients.
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Yu, Zaiyang, Jinting Xiao, Fengqian Ma, and Shengjie Li. "Identifying research activity on brain ultrasonography in craniocerebral diseases by bibliometric and visualized analysis of a 20-year journey of global publications." Medicine 104, no. 12 (2025): e41927. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000041927.

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Brain ultrasonography has emerged as a key tool in neurocritical care. This study aimed to investigate the global research trends and future research directions in the application of brain ultrasonography for craniocerebral diseases using quantification and visualization approaches. Publications on brain ultrasonography published between 2004 and 2024 retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database were screened against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed. The data were processed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to identify core countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, collaborations, and research trends. Over the past 2 decades, 1251 articles focusing on brain ultrasonography as the primary subject were published across 455 journals by 5655 authors from 1619 institutions in 84 countries/regions. Publications exhibited a fluctuating and gradually progressive trend, with the number of publications per year peaking between 2019 and 2021. The USA, the United Kingdom, and Germany emerged as leading countries in this field, demonstrating robust cooperation with other countries/regions. Additionally, the University of Leicester and Panerai RB was the most prolific institution and author, respectively. The clinical applications of brain ultrasonography have progressively broadened from neurocritical care to encompass the general intensive care unit and emergency department. Finally, recent scholarly attention has primarily been directed toward the “deep learning framework” and “hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.” Globally, publications focusing on brain ultrasonography displayed a fluctuating and gradually progressive trend over the past 2 decades. Moreover, primary clinical applications and techniques have been constantly expanding. Overall, the findings of our study expanded our understanding of the current status of brain ultrasonography, potentially guiding future development directions in this field.
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Adhiany, Eka, and Muhammad Iqbal. "Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension Using Ultrasonography in the Management of Critical Patients in the Intensive Care Unit." Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 2, no. 4 (2020): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birex.v2i4.1364.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension is most often diagnosed in its advanced stages because of the nonspecific nature of early symptoms and signs. Although clinical assessment is essential when evaluating patients with suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension, echocardiography is a key screening tool in the diagnostic algorithm. Echocardiography is valuable in assessing prognosis and treatment options, monitoring the efficacy of specific therapeutic interventions, and detecting the preclinical stages of disease. In this report, we reported A 35 years old woman admitted to the emergency unit with breathing difficulty which has felt since 2 days before. she transferred from rural hospital after hospitalized for a week. The patient has history of spinal surgery due to spondylitis tuberculosis 8 months ago and has an anti-tuberculosis drug for 2 months. The vital signs show respiratory failure with blood pressure 114/70 mmHg, heart rate 118 bpm, respiratory rate 35-40 bpm and pulse saturation 80-85% with non-rebreathing mask. Physical examination shows increasing work of breathing, without rales and wheezing, liver enlargement palpated 3 fingers below right ribs the chest x ray shows cardiomegaly and right pleural effusion
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Öncel, Selim, Ayla Günlemez, Yonca Anık, and Müge Alvur. "Positioning of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit for lumbar puncture as determined by bedside ultrasonography." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 98, no. 2 (2012): F133—F135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-301475.

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42

Arango-Granados, María C., Luis A. Bustamante Cristancho, and Virginia Zarama Córdoba. "Bedside Thoracic Ultrasonography for the Critically Ill Patient: From the Emergency Department to the Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Radiology Nursing 39, no. 3 (2020): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.02.006.

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Nguyen, Jimmy. "Ultrasonography for Central Catheter Placement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit—A Review of Utility and Practicality." American Journal of Perinatology 33, no. 06 (2015): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1569987.

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44

Shinde, Dr Abhijit, Dr. Sushrut Kumar, and Dr Sneha Mhaske. "Neonatal & Paediatric Point Of Care Ultrasound (Pocus): A Novel Standard Practice." VIMS Health Science Journal 8, no. 3 (2021): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimshsj.8308.

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An ever expanding branch of applications have been developed for ultrasound, including its goal directed use at the bedside, often called point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). ). Although neonatologist-performed functional echocardiography has been at the frontline of the worldwide growth of POCUS, a rapidly growing body of evidence has also demonstrated the importance of non-cardiac applications, including guidance of placement of central catheterisation and lumbar puncture, endotracheal tube localisation as well as rapid estimation of the brain, lungs, bladder and bowel. Ultrasonography has become a pivotal adjunct to the care of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); but a full appreciation for its diagnostic capabilities in the NICU is lacking.(2) Ultrasonography (USG) is no longer the exclusive domain of radiologists and cardiologists. With appropriate training, clinician performed ultrasound (CPU) is now practised widely in obstetrics, emergency medicine and adult intensive care .In many developed countries,it is standard practice in neonatology. (3) In this review, we will discuss neonatal & pediatric point of care ultrasound (POCUS) as a novel standard practice & its clinical application for assessment of the head, heart, lung, gut, bladder, for vascular line localization & for endotracheal tube placement. As new applications and adoption of point-of-care ultrasound continues to gain acceptance in paediatric and neonatal medicine throughout the world, a rapidly growing body of evidence suggests that the result will be faster, safer and more successful diagnosis and treatment of our patients.
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45

Shinde, Dr Abhijit, Dr. Sushrut Kumar, and Dr Sneha Mhaske. "Neonatal & Paediatric Point Of Care Ultrasound (Pocus): A Novel Standard Practice." VIMS Health Science Journal 8, no. 3 (2021): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimshsj.8308.

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An ever expanding branch of applications have been developed for ultrasound, including its goal directed use at the bedside, often called point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). ). Although neonatologist-performed functional echocardiography has been at the frontline of the worldwide growth of POCUS, a rapidly growing body of evidence has also demonstrated the importance of non-cardiac applications, including guidance of placement of central catheterisation and lumbar puncture, endotracheal tube localisation as well as rapid estimation of the brain, lungs, bladder and bowel. Ultrasonography has become a pivotal adjunct to the care of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); but a full appreciation for its diagnostic capabilities in the NICU is lacking.(2) Ultrasonography (USG) is no longer the exclusive domain of radiologists and cardiologists. With appropriate training, clinician performed ultrasound (CPU) is now practised widely in obstetrics, emergency medicine and adult intensive care .In many developed countries,it is standard practice in neonatology. (3) In this review, we will discuss neonatal & pediatric point of care ultrasound (POCUS) as a novel standard practice & its clinical application for assessment of the head, heart, lung, gut, bladder, for vascular line localization & for endotracheal tube placement. As new applications and adoption of point-of-care ultrasound continues to gain acceptance in paediatric and neonatal medicine throughout the world, a rapidly growing body of evidence suggests that the result will be faster, safer and more successful diagnosis and treatment of our patients.
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46

Fadlallah, Ahmed E., Mahmoud M. Mahmoud, Mohamed Abdelmonem Mohamed, and Mostafa Elshazly. "Ultrasound diaphragmatic assessment to predict weaning outcomes in intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 74, no. 3 (2025): 357–64. https://doi.org/10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_112_24.

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Background Reintubation is required 48–72 h after extubation in 3–19% of patients, which raises ICU morbidity, mortality, and costs. Diaphragm dysfunction frequently results in extubation failure. The diaphragm’s thickness and mobility can be assessed using ultrasonography. This study examined the role of thickening fraction and diaphragm excursion (DE) in predicting weaning success from mechanical ventilation in ICU. This study explores the utility of diaphragmatic ultrasound as an additional parameter in weaning outcome prediction. Patients and methods A total of 79 patients were enrolled in this study and received mechanical ventilation. They were divided into two groups according to the success of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Diaphragm ultrasound including diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and thickening fraction (DTF) was performed three times: at baseline on admission, before starting invasive mechanical ventilation and during SBT. Results Of the 79 included patients, 59% (47) were able to pass SBT and 41% (32) failed extubation. Weaning success was significantly correlated with DE and DTF (P<0.0001). DE cutoff 31.01 mm (±7.38 SD) was associated with successful extubation and a cutoff of 19.66 mm (±2.76 SD) was associated with weaning failure. DTF cutoff 45.81% (±14.58 SD) was significantly correlated with successful passing SBT. Conclusions DE and DTF are better indicators of weaning success in addition to other weaning parameters.
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Moses, Andrew A., and Hilda E. Fernandez. "Ultrasonography in Acute Kidney Injury." POCUS Journal 7, Kidney (2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pocus.v7ikidney.14989.

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Advances in the use of ultrasonography can enhance our ability to better characterize acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decrease in kidney excretory function with the accumulation of products of nitrogen metabolism and other clinically unmeasured waste products, and may proceed to include clinical manifestations including decreased urine output, development of metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte abnormalities [1]. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria defines AKI (Table 1). Staging severity of AKI guides the physician in respect to medical management and prognosis. The overall incidence of AKI is around 20% of patients hospitalized worldwide, and around 50% in intensive care unit (ICU) patients [2, 3]. AKI has been found to have increasing morbidity and mortality, no matter the cause of admission, as well as an in-hospital mortality of close to 50% [4]. In a large study of 8 ICUs over 8 years, Kellum et al. found that AKI was associated with increasing mortality rate with worsening AKI stage. A decrease in urine output alone, without an increase in serum creatinine, was associated with decreased 1-year survival [5]. Recurrent AKI has also been associated with increased mortality, further demonstrating the importance of detecting, monitoring, and diagnosing AKI [6].
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Rady, Mohamed Y. "Prediction of Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Morbidity and Organ Failure at Admission to the Intensive Care Unit Using Esophageal Doppler Ultrasonography." Critical Care Medicine 28, no. 9 (2000): 3368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200009000-00053.

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Poeze, FRCP Martijn, Graham Ramsay, Jan Willem Greve, and Mervyn Singer. "Prediction of Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Morbidity and Organ Failure at Admission to the Intensive Care Unit Using Esophageal Doppler Ultrasonography." Critical Care Medicine 28, no. 9 (2000): 3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200009000-00054.

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Lui, Justin K., and Gisela I. Banauch. "Diagnostic Bedside Ultrasonography for Acute Respiratory Failure and Severe Hypoxemia in the Medical Intensive Care Unit: Basics and Comprehensive Approaches." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 32, no. 6 (2016): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066616658475.

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Bedside goal-directed ultrasound is a powerful tool for rapid differential diagnosis and monitoring of cardiopulmonary disease in the critically ill patient population. The bedside intensivist is in a unique position to integrate ultrasound findings with the overall clinical situation. Medically critically ill patients who require urgent bedside diagnostic assessment fall into 2 categories: (1) acute respiratory failure and (2) hemodynamic derangements. The first portion of this review outlines the diagnostic role of bedside ultrasound in the medically critically ill patient population for the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress, and severe hypoxemia. The second portion will focus on the diagnostic role of ultrasound for the evaluation and treatment of shock states, as well as describe protocolized approaches for evaluation of shock during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Different respiratory system pathologies that result in acute respiratory failure (such as increased interstitial fluid, alveolar consolidation, pleural effusion) cause characteristic ultrasonographic findings; diaphragmatic assessment may also add information. Intracardiac shunting can cause severe hypoxemia. Protocolized approaches for the evaluation of patients with acute respiratory failure or distress are discussed.
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