Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ultrasons à haute fréquence'
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Jagnoux, Pierre. "Contribution au développement de l'imagerie ultrasonore haute fréquence." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0015.
Full textWe have developed a high frequency ultrasonic imaging system with a lateral resolution of about one hundred micrometers in water. Different s methods of investigation, using focused probes, have been studied : bulk waves and leaky Rayleigh waves (O. S. R. ) imaging. In this as t case we, have studied with a special attention the characteristics of O. S. R. And their interaction with subsurface flows. In the last part of this work, we have pointed out the advantages of using high frequency ultrasonic techniques to investigate subsurface damage of bearings and quality of the fiber-matrix interface of a single fiber metal composite Al-SiC
Et, Taouil Abdeslam. "Effets des ultrasons haute fréquence sur l'électrosynthèse des polymères conducteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839877.
Full textEt, Taouil Abdeslam. "Effets des ultrasons haute fréquence sur l’électrosynthèse des polymères conducteurs." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2025/document.
Full textThis study deals with the effects of high frequency ultrasound (500 kHz) irradiation on the electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers in aqueous media. Ultrasound favors electrochemical polymerization reaction by improving mass transfer of electroactive species towards the electrode. It leads to films more compact, presenting a thinner and more homogeneous topography. Chemical effects generated by the acoustic wave propagation enable a higher doping level for the films. However, their electrical conductivity is slightly reduced, due to partial degradation of polymer chains by cavitational activity. The possibility to control morphological properties was used in different applications such as potentiometric pH sensors or anti-corrosion coatings. For such applications, using these films as functional layers, the irradiated coatings lead to better results. A selective masking technique, based on focused ultrasound, has been developed as well in order to elaborate a biphased substrate permitting interesting biological applications
Aoudi, Walid. "Méthodes d'estimation de vitesses des flux en imagerie ultrasonore haute fréquence." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0016/these.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work is to propose a new method for estimating flow velocity with high frequency ultrasound imaging when Doppler methods can not be used because of very low velocities or because of an imaging system using a single scanning transducer. This method is based on the analysis of the movement of the speckle which is the granulous aspect of echographic images. We took into account the spatial and temporal speckle statistics, ultrasound image formation models as well as the existing motion estimation methods in order to propose an original method called SFI "Speckle Flow Index". This method is based on the analysis of the local temporal variance across the image sequence and does not necessitate block matching. The method has been implemented as a linear filtering of the sequence and permits real time computation. The method has been validated with experimental data gathered on gelatine phantoms crossed by a fluid at calibrated velocities. We have shown the performances and the limits of the method. For flow velocities up to 2 mm/s, on the order of what is observed in the microcirculation for human and animal, this new statistical method permits flow velocities estimation. Some applications of flow estimation in biology are finally presented
Valette, Eric. "Contribution expérimentale à l'étude de l'hydrodynamique et du micromélange engendrés par les ultrasons de haute fréquence." Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAMS015.
Full textLefebvre, Fabrice. "Comptage de particules par ultrasons haute fréquence focalisés : application au génie biologique et medical." Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0ce3f589-0e8b-4dbf-a5d3-24021c541d29.
Full textJouannot, Erwan. "Développements et applications de l'imagerie ultrasonore haute fréquence et fonctionnelle chez la souris." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066598.
Full textCommenges, Nadine. "Pré et post-oxydation d'effluents industriels par des ultrasons à haute fréquence. Comparaison avec d'autres procédés d'oxydation avanncée." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS020.
Full textJafari, Sara. "Détection ultrasonore haute fréquence des microbulles et des nanoparticules expérimentales à cœur liquide." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066089.
Full textThe objective of this work is high frequency (20-40MHz) characterization of the linear and non linear acoustic response of microbubble and experimental liquid-core nanoparticle contrast agents. Linear and non linear ultrasonic sequences were implemented and validated using a single-channel, broad bandwidth high frequency ultrasound prototype. The variation of the high frequency response of Sonovue contrast microbubbles and experimental nanoparticles was evaluated as a function of pressure, tone burst duration and solution concentration. Experimental nanoparticles consisted of perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) liquid cores with poly(lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA) shells. The acoustic response was compared for three different shell-thicknesses to radius ratios (0. 25, 0. 35 and 1). Results demonstrate increased second harmonic to fundamental ratio for the 20-MHz pulse inversion, PI, tone burst sequences as compared to the conventional sequence. The experimental liquid-core nanoparticles studied under flow in vitro present detectable linear and nonlinear response at 20 MHz. In vivo measurements are made to investigate the feasibility of high frequency acoustic detection of the liquid-core nanoparticles in an ectopic murine model after intraveneous injection of these nanoparticles. Bolus arrival of liquid core nanoparticles is detected at 20 MHz whereas, under matched conditions, detection was not achieved using a 7-14 MHz clinical ultrasound system. This work demonstrated high frequency detection and nonlinear response from experimental nanoparticles designed for therapy and contrast imaging and investigated the effect of shell type and thickness on this acoustic response
Fnine, Abdelilah. "Ausculation de la peau du béton par ondes ultrasonores haute fréquence." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Fnine.pdf.
Full textDeblock, Yves. "Caractérisation ultrasonore haute fréquence des propriétés viscoélastiques de milieux liquides." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d2e436b7-2cfd-4b8b-9ff8-9e725f939e0a.
Full textPlag, Camille. "Exploration ultrasonore haute-fréquence de la coagulation sanguine : cinétique des transformations microstructurelles lors de la fibrinoformation et de la contraction plaquettaire." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3306.
Full textToday, routine blood coagulation tests rely principally on the measurement of the time for a blood sample to gel under standardized conditions. However, in the last decade, new tests focused on monitoring mechanical changes during blood coagulation have been developped. Thanks to a new understanding of the biochemical and biophysical phenomena leading to those mechanical changes, these tests, dynamically studying the viscoelastic properties of coagulating whole blood, tend to be more and more adopted by haematologists and are the focus of a tremendous amount of clinical studies. Within this context and due to the recent development of high-frequency ultrasound techniques, a high-frequency ultrasound apparatus allowing the monitoring of whole blood coagulaion has been developped by our team. Simultaneously analysing the kinetics of four acoustical parameters, it has shown its potential in monitoring the mechanical changes appearing in whole blood coagulation. In this PhD thesis, new developments of this technique have been carried out and allowed to discriminate the respective role of the different phenomena appearing during coagulation on our acoustical parameters. Analysing the effect of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy within a pilot clincal study, the diagnostic potential of our test has been established. Following the results of this study, specific measurements have been set up and have shown the importance of two phenomena : fibrin formation and platelet contraction. A new way to visualize the fibrin network formation has been devised and has led to the computation of a new parameter capable of defining gel time and retraction time. Gelation of the medium was shown to be linked to the changes in attenuation in the medium and retraction of the clot was found to be critical in the rise of longitudinal velocity
Trabelsi, Fakher. "Les ultrasons de haute fréquence : étude d'un réacteur, application à la dégradation de composés organiques par sonochimie et sonoélectrochimie." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT053G.
Full textDerouiche, Ziane. "Caractérisation des milieux hétérogènes par traitement du signal ultrasonore haute fréquence rétrodiffusé." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0953f68f-a6e3-4aeb-8bf3-8a70b23ca2d6.
Full textGahagnon, Solène. "Etude in vivo du comportement mécanique du derme par une méthode élastographique haute résolution : applications à l'exploration d'anomalies du tissu élastique (syndrome de Marfan)." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3116/document.
Full textBui, Minh Thanh. "Statistical modeling, level-set and ensemble learning for automatic segmentation of 3D high-frequency ultrasound data : towards expedited quantitative ultrasound in lymph nodes from cancer patients." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066146/document.
Full textThis work investigates approaches to obtain automatic segmentation of three media (i.e., lymph node parenchyma, perinodal fat and normal saline) in lymph node (LN) envelope data to expedite quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in dissected LNs from cancer patients. A statistical modeling study identified a two-parameter gamma distribution as the best model for data from the three media based on its high fitting accuracy, its analytically less-complex probability density function (PDF), and closed-form expressions for its parameter estimation. Two novel level-set segmentation methods that made use of localized statistics of envelope data to handle data inhomogeneities caused by attenuation and focusing effects were developed. The first, local region-based gamma distribution fitting (LRGDF), employed the gamma PDFs to model speckle statistics of envelope data in local regions at a controllable scale using a smooth function with a compact support. The second, statistical transverse-slice-based level-set (STS-LS), used gamma PDFs to locally model speckle statistics in consecutive transverse slices. A novel method was then designed and evaluated to automatically initialize the LRGDF and STS-LS methods using random forest classification with new proposed features. Methods developed in this research provided accurate, automatic and efficient segmentation results on simulated envelope data and data acquired for LNs from colorectal- and breast-cancer patients as compared with manual expert segmentation. Results also demonstrated that accurate QUS estimates are maintained when automatic segmentation is applied to evaluate excised LN data
Le, Floc'h Johann. "Imagerie ultrasonore quantitative haute fréquence : application au suivi de la formation du système cardiaque au stade embryonnaire chez la souris." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0031/these.pdf.
Full textThe mouse is most notably used to understand the contents of the human genome. Ultrasound is an imaging modality that allows a non-invasive and in vivo study of its development over time. At the same time, however, the mouse imposes constraints linked to spatial and temporal resolution. The development of the cardiovascular system and the backscattering from blood at the very high frequency in the mouse embryo were studied in vivo by using ultrasound frequencies higher than those used in the case of humans. Between 7 and 15 MHz, the evolution of hemodynamic parameters, such as cardiac frequency, was measured. A 3D quantification using a 3D deformable model, was also performed through the segmentation of a volume of ultrasound images. At 40 MHz, changes in blood echogenicity were observed within the embryonic mouse heart between Eds 13. 5 and 17. 5. A 13 dB decrease was measured between Eds 13. 5 and 17. 5, a decrease most likely due to the morphological changes in RBCs
Chartier, Caroline. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques du tissu cutané par élastographie impulsionnelle haute fréquence : applications en dermatologie et en cosmétique." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3304/document.
Full textNowadays, exploration of cutaneous tissue is limited by the few number of available approaches, known as quantitative methods, allowing an objective description of the mechanical properties of skin tissue. Elastography allows a local exploration of a medium and offers the possibility for some strategies to quantitatively estimate the modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus). A 1-D high-frequency ultrasonic transient elastography method (HF-TE) allowing a micrometric description of the mechanical properties of skin tissue has been designed for cosmetic and dermatological applications. An experimental system of high-frequency transient elastography has been developed : software, hardware and measurement methodology. The HF-TE technique has been validated using simulation and measurements in monolayer and bilayer calibrated phantoms developed in the laboratory. The Young’s modulus values measured in monolayer media were then compared with those measured by two others dynamic techniques
Gens, Fabrice. "Système ultrasonore d'imagerie et d'estimation du flux sanguin par intercorrélation haute-fréquence : application à l'étude de la microcirculation cutanée." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR3302.
Full textKohandani, Tafreshi Marzieh. "Reconstruction 3D du segment antérieur oculaire par échographie haute fréquence." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0003.
Full textOphthalmology is one of the clinical application fields of ultrasound imaging, for which numerous specific issues arise, related in part to the eye’s small anatomical dimensions combined with the high level of accuracy requirements associated with intraocular measurements. Indeed, since the development of refractive surgery including all the techniques dedicated to the correction of refractive errors, as well as the emergence of intraocular lens (IOL), ophthalmic surgeons have to monitor overall acceptance as well as secondary effects related to these implants on the structures of the anterior eye segment. High frequency ultrasound imaging provides the required spatial resolution for this task. However, the development of 3D ultrasound imaging allows for the development of new applications in ophthalmology, for instance pre-operative dimensioning of the lens. 3D modelling of the anterior eye segment therefore allows studying the IOL behaviour and may help designing future personalized IOL tailored for each patient. Within this context, we present an original 3D segmentation and reconstruction method based on 3D models registration, dedicated to the anterior eye segment acquired in high frequency ultrasound imaging. We used a 3D ultrasound free-hand acquisition system, composed of a high frequency ultrasound probe and a localization module based on a camera and infrared markers. This 3D ultrasound system provides images along with associated 3D spatial positioning information. We were therefore able to develop an entire ultrasound images acquisition and processing chain. This allowed us creating realistic reference 3D models from sequences of ultrasound images of the anterior eye segment. We thus propose a method based on the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm for the registration of the 3D reference models to 3D ultrasound acquired data. We have also selected and adapted various methods for the evaluation of the proposed reconstruction process. These methods highlight the accuracy of the obtained reconstructions
Jolly, Christophe. "Caractérisation de la cornée et de la rétine par ultrasons de haute résolution et développement d'un échographe temps-réel de haute fréquence pour l'exploration 3-D des structures oculaires." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112161.
Full textDuring this thesis, two applications of high frequency ultrasound in ophthalmology are presented. Finally, we show the contribution of a new echograph apparatus for ocular structures exploration. Our first application was designed to explore the ability of three?dimensional (3?D) high?resolution ultrasonography to evaluate corneal trauma induced by cataract surgery using phacoemulsification. Our preliminary findings showed that backscatter level may be an objective tool for the evaluation of corneal status after surgery. Moreover, 3?D representation of the cornea wound provide essential information about the size and extent of the lesion. In the second application, ultrasound biomicrocopy (UBM) was applied to small animal models of retinal degenerative disease. Ultrasound images revealed four layered retina including the photoreceptor outer nuclei and segment layers. Retinal degeneration follow?up with UBM was performed ex?vivo and in?vivo. Our results support the conclusion that UBM has potential to monitor non?invasively and quantitatively evaluate the effects of new therapeutic strategies, through preclinical longitudinal studies of retina degeneration. A new echograph device operating in a wide frequency range (25-50 MHz) was developped for the 3?D exploration of the anterior and posterior structures of the eye. It performs a real-time 3-D arc scanning. First in?vivo 2?D high resolution images of the entire anterior structures and 3?D representation of the whole cornea and the anterior chamber was obtained
Thanigaiyarasu, G. "Contribution à l'étude de l'endurance et de la fissuration en fatigue vibratoire." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPI276.
Full textRamalli, Alessandro. "Development of novel ultrasound techniques for imaging and elastography : from simulation to real-time implementation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10050.
Full textUltrasound techniques offer many advantages, in terms of both ease of realization and patients’ safety. The research aimed at expanding the fields of application, is nowadays particularly active. The availability of suitable hardware and supporting software tools is condicio sine qua non for the experimentation of new techniques. This Ph.D project addresses signal/image processing issues in medical ultrasound and seeks to achieve two major scientific goals: the first is to contribute to the development of a powerful ultrasound research platform (ULA¬OP), while the second is introducing and validating, through this platform, non-standard methods which could not be tested with commercial equipment. ULA-OP is a research system, which gives developers great freedom in terms of management and control of every section, from signal transmission to echo-signal processing; it also offers the possibility to access raw data at any point in the receive chain. During the thesis, the capabilities of the system were improved by creating advanced software tools, such as acoustic field simulators (for linear and nonlinear propagation), and by developing echo-signals post-elaboration programs. ULA-OP was crucial to develop and test various non-standard techniques such as an adaptive beamforming scheme and a color/vector Doppler imaging method, which will be detailed in this thesis. In particular, a novel technique was developed for quasi-static elastography applications. This technique, based on a frequency domain displacement estimation algorithm, combined with a high-frame-rate averaging method, aims at improving the quality of the elastograms. The new method was first tested in-vitro by offline processing the received signals, and then it was implemented in real-time on ULA-OP. The results show that this technique is effective and that the obtained elastograms present higher quality compared with those obtained with standard algorithms
Abellard, André-Pierre. "Développement de structures en films épais piézoélectriques par électrophorèse : application aux transducteurs ultrasonores pour l'imagerie médicale haute résolution." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3303/document.
Full textThanks to its relatively low cost, high resolution and absence of ionizing radiations, high frequency ultrasonic imaging is becoming a popular technique for medical applications such as eyes, skin or small animal. It relies on the ability of piezoelectric materials to generate high frequency ultrasonic waves in the scanned media. Ultrasonic transducers are used to perform these electromechanical conversions and operated at resonant frequencies over 20 MHz. For this, piezoelectric layers of few tens of micrometers thick are required. Such thicknesses for single element transducers, and even more for multi-element transducers, is difficult to deliver due to limitations of current fabrication process. In the present dissertation we addressed the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique that enables deposition of piezoelectric thick films on various complex-shaped substrates. A procedure to prepare high frequency transducers by EPD was developed. In the dissertation it was demonstrated that EPD is a promising process to prepare homogeneous thick-film structures without significant defects. The procedure allowed obtaining high electromechanical performance transducers using a simple and low cost process
Matéo, Tony. "Echographie oculaire transcornéenne par sonde linéaire multi-éléments haute-fréquence : étude et correction des effets aberrateurs du cristallin dans la reconstruction d'image en mode-B." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3313/document.
Full textIn ophthalmic ultrasonography the crystalline lens is known to be the main source of phase aberration, as ultrasounds (US) propagate about 10% faster than in the surrounding intra-ocular medium. Hence, it impairs significantly both spatial and contrast resolution of axial B-scans, and in addition causes important distortion, especially on the ocular fundus. To deal with this issue and in view of the next coming of US arrays in ophthalmologic practice, we developed in this thesis an adapted beamforming (BF) free from crystalline lens aberrations. It lies on a two point ray tracing approach to compute focusing delays that take into account crystalline lens aberrations including refraction at the interface. Initially developed considering a uniform US velocity in the lens, the adapted BF has been extended to consider the velocity gradient that exists in the real lens. In vitro and ex vivo results obtained with a 20 MHz linear array driven by a US research scanner (the ECODERM) are reported
Deboucq, Julien. "Caractérisation ultrasonore de structures à couche et à gradient de contraintes par ondes de surface haute fréquence générées par capteurs MEMS de type IDT -SAW." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VALE0017/document.
Full textThe use of coatings and thin layers deposited on substrates is highly sought in many applications. The objectives of these coatings and deposits are multiple (improve the durability of structures, their wear resistance and fatigue, etc.). On the other hand, gradient materials are being developed to meet new functional requirements, such as a better resistance to temperature, wear and corrosion. For all of these applications, the characterization of these coatings and gradient materials, in order to determine their properties (thickness, elastic constants, adherence, residual stresses, etc…), is decisive for the health control of pieces and for their optimum operation during their use. To characterize these structures, wechose to exploit the dispersion of surface acoustic waves over a wide frequency range (10 to 60 MHz).To excite these waves, SAW-IDT MEMS sensors have been carried out at different frequencies covering the entire frequency range we considered. The quasi-harmonic excitation was preferred to obtain accurate measures of phase velocities. We showed the potential of this approach by characterizing, first, thin layers structures (500 nm) and second, amorphous structures with a stressesgradient
Chrifi, Alaoui Meriem. "High Frequency Ultrasonic Device development for Non-Destructive Post-Irradiation Examination of the RHF Fuel Element." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS055/document.
Full textThe future HPRR LEU fuel plates will have to withstand aggressive irradiations leading to a swelling phenomenon. This latter induces structure modifications and impacts the initial inter-plate distance. This distance is investigated, under the access and microscopic resolution constraints, within the PERSEUS Project aiming the development of a non-destructive ultrasonic device. With a thickness of 1 mm to be inserted into the 1.8 mm water channel width of the High flux Reactor (RHF), the device relies upon two ultrasonic transducers connected to an electronic system. It allows time of flight and ultrasonic velocity estimations. The feasibility being already proved, optimizations on components of the measurement chain and signal processing have led to a new device. A developed motorized bench has allowed reproducibility measurements with a 500 nm resolution. Then, a reproducibility devices' radiation resistance experiment, carried out in the Arc-nucleart Institute, demonstrated their parameters stability under 3500 kGray. Experiments were also realized on the RHF fuel element where vertical position, distance and temperature were evaluated, with a 1 µm precision on channel gap thickness. Future works will explore waves ability to be focused in the depth of the plates
Ayoub, Nadim. "Synthèse et valorisation des dérivés furaniques issus de la biomasse par oxydations sélectives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2677.
Full textBiomass is one of the renewable and green resources that can sustainably meet our needs for the production of fuels, chemicals and materials. Indeed, nonedible biomass such as lignocellulose has attracted attention of researchers and scientists in the last decades as a renewable alternative. Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), derived from the dehydration of pentoses and hexoses respectively, are produced in multimillion ton-scale annually. The latter compounds are, therefore, platform molecules and represent a major interest in the context of sustainable development. This work aims to explore novel and green methods for the selective oxidation of furfural and HMF to produce high value-added bio-sourced products such as, 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), maleic acid and succinic acid. First, an alternative system of HMF oxidation was presented, without the use of noble metal catalysts, high pressures and avoiding the production of toxic wastes. In this context, the gram-scale oxidation HMF leads to the formation of DFF. This reaction was catalyzed by 2-iodobenzenesulfonic acid in the presence of Oxone®. Under optimized experimental conditions, the HMF conversion was found to be 100%, while the DFF yield and selectivity were almost 90%. Subsequently, we demonstrated a catalyst-free process for the gram-scale synthesis of maleic acid from furfural using high frequency ultrasound irradiations. A 70% selectivity of maleic acid with 92% of furfural conversion were achieved without any catalyst under mild conditions using H2O2 as oxidant. Our alternative approach enables the use of biomass instead of petroleum to synthesize maleic acid from furfural in an eco-friendly and energy-efficient process. At last, a novel catalytic process is developed using magnetite nanoparticles, as a cheap and non-noble metal catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of furfural into succinic acid. Total conversion of furfural was achieved with 67% of succinic acid yield under mild conditions
Férin, Guillaume. "Optimisation de Réseaux Ultrasonores Haute Densité." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3313.
Full textMekki, Hamid El. "Ultrasons laser, analyse temps-fréquence-énergie appliquée au contrôle." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0340.
Full textDoughan, Mahmoud. "Adaptation automatique d'un applicateur haute fréquence." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT078H.
Full textCaillault, Bruno. "Fusion d'oxydes par induction haute fréquence." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0127.
Full textBoucaud, Alain. "Etude de l'augmentation de la perméation cutanée avec les ultrasons à basse fréquence (sonophorèse)." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR3312.
Full textPoulin, Alain. "Étude expérimentale du séchage par haute fréquence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ40615.pdf.
Full textJensen, Michael. "Un éjecteur haute fréquence de matières granulaires." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6183.
Full textPoulin, Alain. "Étude expérimentale du séchage par haute fréquence." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1998. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1054.
Full textHeran, Marc. "La rétrofiltration Haute Fréquence et micro/ultrafiltration." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20096.
Full textLaveuve, Eric. "Modélisation des transformateurs des convertisseurs haute fréquence." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0075.
Full textAlmar, Rafael. "Morphodynamique littorale haute fréquence par imagerie vidéo." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13840/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study on short term (day to month) beach dynamic. Until the emergence of video systems, and despite its major role, this dynamic remained mainly unknown due to the lack of a suited observation technology. The new possibilities allowed by video imagery, comprising high-frequency observation, are revolutionary. In this thesis, a tool is introduced that, from the measure of nearshore hydrodynamics, estimates accurately nearshore topography for a large area (km) and at high frequency (day). This thesis shows that nearshore sand features interact and cannot be studied in isolation. We show that sand features dynamic can be dominantly non-uniform in the longshore direction, even for large waves. This dynamic is crucial because it contributes to cross-shore sand exchanges. For a double-barred beach, more than wave height, tidal range variations drive inner bar dynamic during stormy conditions. Our results suggest that a large part of the beach temporal variability is short term
Kaci, Messaouda. "Développement et caractérisation d'un nouveau procédé d'émulsification non dénaturant par transduction piézoélectrique de hautes fréquences." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0062/document.
Full textEmulsions are systems containing two immiscible liquids, one dispersed as droplets (dispersed phase) throughout the other (continuous phase). When emulsifier is added, it may interact with the other formulations compounds creating new emulsion properties. Therefore, it becomes difficult to study the role of oil phase alone on emulsion properties. In this thesis, emulsifier free emulsion was developed with high frequency ultrasounds (HFU) generated by piezoelectric ceramic transducer vibrating at 1.7 MHz. pH measurement showed significant decrease and negative electrophoretic mobility showed the accumulation of OH- at oil/water interface leading to droplets stability in the emulsion. Emulsions conductivity showed a decrease of the ions quantity in solution, which indicated formation of positive charge layer around OH- structure. They constituted a double ionic layer around oil particles providing emulsion stability. This study showed a strong correlation between turbidity measurement and proportion of emulsified oil. Unlike standard emulsification methods, emulsions made this process demonstrates stability for 30 days at 37 °C. The use of emulsions without emulsifier made by HFU for vectoring CoQ10 shows a higher cell proliferation in the case of emulsion without emulsifier. A study of emulsions without emulsifer by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was performed and compared to emulsions containing emulsifiers. NMR analysis showed no interactions between different compounds and the HFU manufacturing process did not cause chemical degradation or neoformed compounds. SAXS showed a thin interface between two phases with different electronic density (water/oil) for emulsions with and without emulsifiers. For emulsion with emulsifiers SAXS showed surfactant micelles diffusion signal which doesn’t appear in the emulsion without emulsifiers
Maruani, Annabel. "Applications de la sonophorèse basse fréquence à l'humain in vivo." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR3142/document.
Full textIntroduction. Low-frequency ultrasound (US) applied on skin, called sonophoresis, havebeen investigated to enhance the transdermal transport of various drugs in vitro and in vivo inanimals. We aimed to investigate low-frequency sonophoresis in vivo in humans.Methods. Three randomized clinical trials have been conducted in healthy subjects: trial (1)aimed to assess skin toxicity of sonophoresis at different intensity levels compared to placebo;trial (2) aimed to investigate the transdermal penetration of histamine with sonophoresis; trial(3) aimed to investigate the clinical efficiency of sonophoresis in enhancing transdermalpenetration of topical steroids in human skin. US were applied in pulsed mode for 5 minutes,with a 36 kHz device. US intensities ranged from 1.57 to 3.50 W/cm2.Results. In trial (1), no toxicity, defined as a pain score > 40/100 or necrosis, was reported.The most frequent adverse events were erythema, and tinnitus, which ceased ondiscontinuation of US. In trial (2), arm zones without US showed no papules, whereas 9/10subjects receiving US showed papules. In trial (3), including 15 subjects, vasoconstrictionwas significantly higher with the topical steroid applied after US than without US, especiallyin the zone with 2-h occlusion.Conclusions. These clinical trials provide favourable exploratory results regarding toleranceof low-frequency sonophoresis on human skin in vivo. They confirm that sonophoresisenhances transdermal penetration of histamine and increases the efficiency of topical steroids
Royer, Julien. "Analyse haute fréquence de l'équation de Helmholtz dissipative." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578423.
Full textHaddad, Elias. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d’inductances intégrées haute fréquence." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10254.
Full textThe work in this thesis contributes to the domain of low power (1W approximately) portable electronic systems. These systems require integrated and miniaturized of DC-DC converters. Recent studies have demonstrated converters with high switching frequency as high as 100 MHz, requiring smaller passive components. For low voltage values (1V approximately) and 1 watt output power, the inductance value of these converter filters is about a hundred nanoHenry. Such inductors can be integrated on a millimetric scale in the same package as the active die. In this context, the work presented in this thesis starts with the design of planar spiral inductors with a magnetic core. Simulations allowed to analyze the relation between geometrical and electrical parameters of the inductor in order to design an optimal inductor. A planar inductor sandwiched between two layers of magnetic material is proposed. Simulations showed the advantages of fabricating of such component. Its structure allows to increase the inductance value without modifying the inductor’s surface compared to a coreless inductor. It also allows to reduce the electromagnetic interferences with the rest of the circuit. A technological process for the fabrication of the inductors has been developed and optimized in order to valid the previous design. This process is based on copper electroplating technique which is compatible with a repeatable and a mass fabrication of inductors. A characterization bench was also developed in order to determine the operating frequency limits of the fabricated components as well as to validate their performance. This work offers a solution for the realization of the active chip on the inductor (SOC, System- On-Chip). It also emphasizes the importance of the integration for low power electronics
Zaatour, Riadh. "Propriétés empiriques et modélisation d’actifs en haute fréquence." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0027/document.
Full textThis thesis explores theoretical and empirical aspects of price formation and evolution at high frequency. We begin with the study of the joint dynamics of an option and its underlying. The high frequency data making observable the realized volatility process of the underlying, we want to know if this information is used to price options. We find that the market does not process this information to fix option prices. The stochastic volatility models are then to be considered as reduced form models. Nevertheless, this study tests the relevance of an empirical hedging parameter that we call effective delta. This is the slope of the regression of option price increments on those of the underlying. It proves to be a satisfactory model-independent hedging parameter. For the price dynamics, we turn our attention in the following chapters to more explicit models of market microstructure. One of the characteristics of the market activity is its clustering. Hawkes processes are point processes with this characteristic, therefore providing an adequate mathematical framework for the study of this activity. Moreover, the Markov property associated to these processes when the kernel is exponential allows to use powerful analytical tools such as the infinitesimal generator and the Dynkin formula to calculate various quantities related to them, such as moments or autocovariances of the number of events on a given interval. We begin with a monovariate framework, simple enough to illustrate the method, but rich enough to enable applications such as the clustering of arrival times of market orders, prediction of future market activity knowing past activity, or characterization of unusual shapes, but nevertheless observed, of signature plot, where the measured volatility decreases when the sampling frequency increases. Our calculations also allow us to make instantaneous calibration of the process by relying on the method of moments. The generalization to the multidimensional case then allow us to capture, besides the clustering, the phenomenon of mean reversion, which also characterizes the market activity observed in high frequency. General formulas for the signature plot are then obtained and used to connect its shape to the relative importance of clustering or mean reversion. Our calculations also allow to obtain the explicit form of the volatility associated with the diffusive limit, therefore connecting the dynamics at microscopic level to the macroscopic volatility, for example on a daily scale. Additionally, modelling buy and sell activity by Hawkes processes allows to calculate the market impact of a meta order on the asset price. We retrieve and explain the usual concave form of this impact as well as its relaxation with time. The analytical results obtained in the multivariate case provide the adequate framework for the study of the correlation. We then present generic results on the Epps effect as well as on the formation of the correlation and the lead lag
Zaatour, Riadh. "Propriétés empiriques et modélisation d'actifs en haute fréquence." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020277.
Full textBosisio, Matteo Ricardo. "Imagerie multi-modale haute fréquence de la souris." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066578.
Full textBelaguid, Abdelaziz. "Ventilation artificielle à haute fréquence et mécanisme respiratoire." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28250.
Full textDuyckaerts, Thomas. "Etude haute fréquence de quelques problèmes d'évolution singuliers." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112321.
Full textIn this work we study linear partial differential evolution equations from a micro-local point of view. Two types of equations appear. The first chapter is devoted to the decay of solutions of the linear equation of magneto-elasticity, which describes the displacement of a tridimensional, bounded, simply-connected solid in a constant exterior magnetic field. We first give a necessary and sufficient condition of uniform stability for finite energy solutions of the system. The condition involves the geometry of the domain and the direction of the magnetic field. When this condition is not satisfied, we show that solutions with smooth initial data decay at least polynomially. The proofs of the two results are based on the study of observability inequalities on the Lamé system, using propagation arguments on micro-local defect measures for high frequency solutions of the Lamé system. In chapter 2 and 3, we consider a Laplace operator P with a potential in the euclidian space and the related wave and Schrödinger equations. The real potential V, small at infinity, is bounded outside a finite number of poles, where it takes infinite values. The critical singularities are in inverse square of the distance to a given pole. In order to extend previous results on evolution equations for the one-pole operator (easier because some explicit calculations are possible), we show the usual non-trapping high frequency inequality on the resolvent of P. This inequality implies the well known local smoothing effect with gain of one half derivative on the Schrödinger equation. The proof is also based on the use of a micro-local defect measure, but in a semi-classical context. The third chapter emphasizes the critical nature of inverse square singularities. An example of an unipolar potential is given, of the order of an inverse square up to a logarithm correction, for which high frequency inequalities on the resolvent of P fail. Furthermore, some solutions of the corresponding wave and Schrödinger equations are shown to contradict all the standard dispersive estimates that hold for the free equations
Zimmer, Thomas. "Contribution à la modélisation des transistors haute fréquence." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10601.
Full textNguyen, Khac Lan. "Modèles de champ de phase et modèles Lattice Boltzmann pour la segmentation 3D de tumeurs en imagerie ultrasons hautes fréquences." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS011.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the problem of 3D segmentation of skin tumors in high frequency ultrasound images. We focus mainly on two questions: how best to estimate the volume of tumors (in accordance with references produced by dermatologists) and how to produce algorithms whose computation times are close to real time? First, we describe a new model, log-likelihood Cahn-Hilliard (LLCH), based on a variational formulation coupling a data attachment term computed from non-parametric estimates and a regularization term derived from a phase transition dynamic (Allen Cahn reaction diffusion equation). This model is tested with a first multigrid implementation using exact solutions calculated with a Lie splitting. Secondly, we are interested in the possibility of implementing the LLCH model using lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM). The underlying dynamic is not physical in nature, so this implementation is not direct and is subject to instability problems. We show that, due to the specificities of the data attachment term, the BGK schemes, with simple relaxation time, do not ensure sufficient stability. We then use MRT schemes, with multiple relaxation times, which allow us to gain stability by introducing additional parameters. The adjustment of the so-called quartic parameters makes it possible to obtain fourth-order exact schemes that are numerically stable. Tests performed on a clinical database with ground truth provided by dermatologists show that the results obtained with the two proposed implementations are much better than those obtained with level sets methods and that our model is a good alternative to overcome the problem of underestimation of tumor volume. The computation times, for 3D images of about 70 million voxels, are very short and well adapted for practical use in medical environments