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Mustaghfirin, M. Anis, Burniadi Moballa, and Syaifullah Hamim Thohari. "Effect of various number conical strip inserted in the tube on heat transfer performance." MATEC Web of Conferences 204 (2018): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820404016.
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This work, fluid flow and heat transfer in single and multi phase flow chould be enhanced by turbulent flow in heat exchanger tube with one of heat transfer augmentation techniques. Characteristic of globular tube fitted with the multiple conical strips insert were investigated. Most of study are related with this work, they found that an addition by single conical strips insert will make nusselt number increase 5%. Unfortunately, it was also increase pressure drop about 10%. This work improve their work by adding amount of conical strips inserts.The modification that will become 4 variation number of conical (n = 2, 3, 4, and 5) with 4 kind of central angle (α = 20°, 30°, 40°, and 50°), it is shown that the best performance of conical strips insert configuration is 2 peace of strips with 20° central angle. This work successfull improve Performance heat transfer value in tube about 11% compare with A. Fan et al work. Thus achieve a high overall heat trasnfer performence and it is a promising tube insert which would be widely used in heat transfer process turbulent flow.
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OGAWA, RYOHEI, G. O. KAGIYA, LORETO B. FERIL, NAOKI NAKAYA, TETSUO NOZAKI, HIDEKI FUSE, and TAKASHI KONDO. "ULTRASOUND MEDIATED INTRAVESICAL TRANSFECTION ENHANCED BY TREATMENT WITH LIDOCAINE OR HEAT." Journal of Urology 172, no. 4 Part 1 (October 2004): 1469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000139589.52415.3d.
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Razansky, D., P. D. Einziger, and D. R. Adam. "Enhanced heat deposition using ultrasound contrast agent - modeling and experimental observations." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 53, no. 1 (January 2006): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2006.1588399.
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Song, Ji Tian, Xiao Fei Xu, Wei Tian, Jian Bo Liu, and Zheng Zhao. "The Experimental Study on the Enhanced Evaporating Property of the Pineapple Juice by Ultrasound." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.285.
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In this paper, the heat transfer of pineapple juice was investigated on a new evaporator with ultrasound. The effects of various factors on the heat transfer coefficient were analyzed, including feed rate, evaporating temperature, temperature difference of heat transfer, and juice concentration. The proposals of design and operation for this new evaporation were also discussed.
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Frazier, Nick, Allison Payne, Christopher Dillon, Nithya Subrahmanyam, and Hamidreza Ghandehari. "Enhanced efficacy of combination heat shock targeted polymer therapeutics with high intensity focused ultrasound." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 13, no. 3 (April 2017): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.014.
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Li, Zhipeng, Dexue Ma, Yiyang He, Siqi Guo, Fuguo Liu, and Xuebo Liu. "Simultaneous Ultrasound and Heat Enhance Functional Properties of Glycosylated Lactoferrin." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 5774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235774.
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Protein-polysaccharide covalent complexes exhibit better physicochemical and functional properties than single protein or polysaccharide. To promote the formation of the covalent complex from lactoferrin (LF) and beet pectin (BP), we enhanced the Maillard reaction between LF and BP by using an ultrasound-assisted treatment and studied the structure and functional properties of the resulting product. The reaction conditions were optimized by an orthogonal experimental design, and the highest grafting degree of 55.36% was obtained by ultrasonic treatment at 300 W for 20 min and at LF concentration of 20 g/L and BP concentration of 9 g/L. The formation of LF-BP conjugates was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ultrasound-assisted treatment can increase the surface hydrophobicity, browning index, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) free radicals scavenging activity of LF due to the changes in the spatial configuration and formation of Maillard reaction products. The thermal stability, antioxidant activity and emulsifying property of LF were significantly improved after combining with BP. These findings reveal the potential application of modified proteins by ultrasonic and heat treatment.
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Gnanaskandan, Aswin, Chao-Tsung Hsiao, and Georges Chahine. "Contrast agent shell properties effects on heat deposition in bubble enhanced high intensity focused ultrasound." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 149, no. 1 (January 2021): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0002948.
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Kim, Jungsuk, Kiheum You, Sun-Ho Choe, and Hojong Choi. "Wireless Ultrasound Surgical System with Enhanced Power and Amplitude Performances." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 4165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154165.
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A wireless ultrasound surgical system (WUSS) with battery modules requires efficient power consumption with appropriate cutting effects during surgical operations. Effective cutting performances of the ultrasound transducer (UT) should be produced for ultrasound surgical knives for effective hemostasis performance and efficient dissection time. Therefore, we implemented a custom-made UT with piezoelectric material and re-poling process, which is applied to enhance the battery power consumption and output amplitude performances of the WUSS. After the re-poling process of the UT, the quality factor increased from 1231.1 to 2418 to minimize the unwanted heat generation. To support this UT, we also developed a custom-made generator with a transformer and developed 2nd harmonic termination circuit, control microcontroller with an advanced reduced instruction set computer machine (ARM) controller, and battery management system modules to produce effective WUSS performances. The generator with a matching circuit in the WUSS showed a peak-to-peak output voltage and current amplitude of 166 V and 1.12 A, respectively, at the resonant frequency. The performance with non-contact optical vibrators was also measured. In the experimental data, the developed WUSS reduced power consumption by 3.6% and increased the amplitude by 20% compared to those of the commercial WUSS. Therefore, the improved WUSS performances could be beneficial for hemostatic performance and dissection time during surgical operation because of the developed UT with a piezoelectric material and re-poling process.
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Liu, Guang-Jian, Fuminori Moriyasu, Tomihiko Hirokawa, Munire Rexiati, Masahiko Yamada, and Yasuharu Imai. "Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Rabbit Liver After Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Radiofrequency Ablation." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 36, no. 1 (January 2010): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.08.001.
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Weng, Chih-Huang, and Kuen-Lung Tsai. "Ultrasound and heat enhanced persulfate oxidation activated with Fe0 aggregate for the decolorization of C.I. Direct Red 23." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 29 (March 2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.08.012.
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Xiao, Shuyi, Zhiwen Hu, Yan He, Hai Jin, Yuwen Yang, Liping Chen, Qiaoli Chen, Qiong Luo, and Jianhua Liu. "Enhancement Effect of Microbubble-Enhanced Ultrasound in Microwave Ablation in Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumors." BioMed Research International 2020 (January 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3050148.
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Objectives. One reason for the high recurrence and metastatic rates of tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by microwave ablation (MWA) is the presence of residual foci in the tumor due to heat sink effect. Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) can noninvasively disrupt and block the tumor blood perfusion and has the potential to overcome the heat sink effect and enhance the therapeutic effect of MWA. The study aimed at evaluating the potential additional benefit of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by microwave ablation (MWA). Methods. In this study, a new strategy of combining MWA with MEUS for treating HCC was proposed. Twenty-four rabbits with VX2 tumors in livers were randomly divided into MEUS + MWA, MEUS alone, MWA alone, and blank control groups, respectively (n = 6). In the MEUS group, the tumors were directly exposed to therapeutic ultrasound for 5 min with a concurrent intravenous injection of microbubbles (0.1 ml/kg diluted into 5 ml saline). In the MWA group, the tumors were treated by MWA for 1 min. In the MEUS + MWA group, tumors were ablated by MWA for 1 min after ultrasound cavitation enhanced by microbubbles as in the MEUS group. In the blank control group, the tumors received probe sham and intravenous saline. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed before treatment and immediately after treatment to display the size, shape, and contour of the tumors. Throughout the treatment process, the local temperature of the treatment area was detected by a temperature needle punctured into the tumor. The blood samples of animals were obtained after treatment for evaluating the liver function. Tumor cell necrosis and apoptotic rates were observed after treatment by histological examination. Results. CEUS showed that although perfusion defects appeared in all the treatment groups, especially in the MEUS + MWA group, there was no significant difference between the two groups on the volumes of perfusion defects, which were 1.78 ± 0.31 (cm3) in the MWA group and 1.84 ± 0.20 (cm3) in the combined group P<0.01. The time to reach the peak temperature of the treatment area was 21.7 ± 5.0 (s) in the MWA group and 10.3 ± 5.0 (s) in the MEUS + MWA group P<0.01. The peak temperature (PT) of the two groups were 100.9 ± 5.0 (°C) and 134.1 ± 6.0 (°C), respectively P<0.01. This showed that the local temperature of the treatment area was sharply increased to a higher PT using MEUS + MWA. Histological examination results showed that the apoptosis rate and necrosis rate in the MEUS + MWA group were 23.6 ± 4.6% and 60.5 ± 9.7%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those in the MWA group (17.9 ± 4.5% and 37.6 ± 3.4%) and those in the MEUS group (18.2 ± 1.0% and 37.6 ± 3.4%). They are all higher than those in the control group (3.85 ± 1.72% and 5.3 ± 1.1%). Hematological examination showed no significant differences between treatment groups on liver function. Conclusions. These results suggested MEUS treatment alone may significantly reduce tumor blood perfusion and led to a sharp rise in the local temperature of the treatment area to a higher PT using MEUS + MWA with higher rates of necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells without severe liver function damage, which might be a safe strategy for treating HCC.
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Ginter, Siegfried, Eckard Steiger, and Rainer Riedlinger. "Numerical simulation of the enhanced heat production in tissue due to the nonlinear character of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.425216.
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Chandrapala, Jayani, Don Bui, Sandra Kentish, and Muthupandian Ashokkumar. "Heat stability and acid gelation properties of calcium-enriched reconstituted skim milk affected by ultrasonication." Journal of Dairy Research 81, no. 2 (March 3, 2014): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029914000132.
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The aggregation of proteins after heating of calcium-fortified milks has been an ongoing problem in the dairy industry. This undesirable effect restricts the manufacture of calcium rich dairy products. To overcome this problem, a completely new approach in controlling the heat stability of dairy protein solutions, developed in our lab, has been employed. In this approach, high intensity, low frequency ultrasound is applied for a very short duration after a pre-heating step at ⩾70 °C. The ultrasound breaks apart whey/whey and whey/casein aggregates through the process of acoustic cavitation. Protein aggregates do not reform on subsequent post-heating, thereby making the systems heat stable. In this paper, the acid gelation properties of ultrasonicated calcium-enriched skim milks have also been investigated. It is shown that ultrasonication alone does not change the gelation properties significantly whereas a sequence of preheating (72 °C/1 min) followed by ultrasonication leads to decreased gelation times, decreased gel syneresis and increased skim milk viscosity in comparison to heating alone. Overall, ultrasonication has the potential to provide calcium-fortified dairy products with increased heat stability. However, enhanced gelation properties can only be achieved when ultrasonication is completed in conjunction with heating.
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Topçu, İlker Bekir, and Hasan Selim Şengel. "Early strength gain of mortar with prehydration of the cements." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 1 (January 2010): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-124.
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In this study, early hardening and strength gain of mortar samples with prehydration have been studied and effects of prehydrated cement amount and duration on the compressive strength of the mortar have been examined. The compressive strengths and ultrasound pulse velocities, resonance frequencies, bending strengths, and setting times of prepared samples have been determined by conducting tests on 4 cm × 4 cm × 16 cm samples prepared for this purpose at 2, 7, and 28 d. When the setting times are evaluated, the heat released as a result of hydration declines, and the initial heat is reduced. A significant increase in the early compressive strength as an effect of prehydration method has been observed. It is evaluated that prehydration is an economical and practical method that can be enhanced and used in the production of the ready-mix concrete and prefabricated construction materials.
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Qiao, Junnan, Chuansong Wu, and Yongfeng Li. "Numerical Analysis of Keyhole and Weld Pool Behaviors in Ultrasonic-Assisted Plasma Arc Welding Process." Materials 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030703.
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The acoustic radiation force driving the plasma jet and the ultrasound reflection at the plasma arc-weld pool interface are considered to modify the formulas of gas shear stress and plasma arc pressure on the anode surface in ultrasonic-assisted plasma arc welding (U-PAW). A transient model taking into account the dynamic changes of heat flux, gas shear stress, and arc pressure on the keyhole wall is developed. The keyhole and weld pool behaviors are numerically simulated to predict the heat transfer and fluid flow in the weld pool and dynamic keyhole evolution process. The model is experimentally validated. The simulation results show that the acoustic radiation force increases the plasma arc velocity, and then increases both the plasma arc pressure and the gas shear stress on the keyhole wall, so that the keyholing capability is enhanced in U-PAW.
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Zhou, P., M. Fu, J. Bai, Z. Wang, and F. Wu. "Immune response after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for H22 tumor." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 21169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.21169.
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21169 Background: Previous results have shown that high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation can potentially activate a host anti-tumor immunity. This study was to investigate whether acoustic cavitaion may enhance host immune responses after HIFU treatment for solid malignancy, and to explore the potential mechanisms regarding the enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Methods: (1) Tumor cell vaccine preparation: H22 cells were irradiated with HIFU (0.8MHz, 1050W/cm2, 90s); H22 cells were heated for one hour in 65°C water bath. (2) Animal study: 150 KM mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, thermal group, and HIFU group. Each group had 50 mice for immune experiments. By using hypodermic injection, the mice in thermal group and HIFU group received either 0.2ml heat-treated H22 vaccine or 0.2ml HIFU-treated H22 vaccine in the left flank of each mouse. Those in control group received only injection with same amount of saline solution. The vaccination times were 4 sessions, once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. One week after last vaccination, each mouse was challenged with H22 tumor cells. All mice were followed up to observe the long-term survival in each group, and peripheral blood was collected to detect changes in T lymphocytes and their subsets by flow cytometry technique. Results: The tumor incidences and 6-week survival rates were observed 100% and 88% of mice in control group, 72.5% and 40% in thermal group, and 42.5% and 14% in HIFU group respectively. Compared to the values in either control group or thermal group, there was a significant decrease of tumor incidences and 6-week survival rates in HIFU group. The volume of tumor was obviously lower in HIFU group, and a significant difference was observed between HIFU group and thermal group or control group. Compared to the values in control group, there were a significant increase of CD4+ levels and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and a significant decrease of CD8+ level in both HIFU group and thermal group. Conclusions: Antitumor immune response could be enhanced after HIFU ablation for H22 implanted tumor in mice, and acoustic cavitation could play an important role to stimulate host antitumor immune system. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Kovacs, Zsofia I., Saejeong Kim, Neekita Jikaria, Farhan Qureshi, Blerta Milo, Bobbi K. Lewis, Michele Bresler, Scott R. Burks, and Joseph A. Frank. "Disrupting the blood–brain barrier by focused ultrasound induces sterile inflammation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): E75—E84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614777114.
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MRI-guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) combined with systemic infusion of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles (MB) causes localized blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption that is currently being advocated for increasing drug or gene delivery in neurological diseases. The mechanical acoustic cavitation effects of opening the BBB by low-intensity pFUS+MB, as evidenced by contrast-enhanced MRI, resulted in an immediate damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) response including elevations in heat-shock protein 70, IL-1, IL-18, and TNFα indicative of a sterile inflammatory response (SIR) in the parenchyma. Concurrent with DAMP presentation, significant elevations in proinflammatory, antiinflammatory, and trophic factors along with neurotrophic and neurogenesis factors were detected; these elevations lasted 24 h. Transcriptomic analysis of sonicated brain supported the proteomic findings and indicated that the SIR was facilitated through the induction of the NFκB pathway. Histological evaluation demonstrated increased albumin in the parenchyma that cleared by 24 h along with TUNEL+ neurons, activated astrocytes, microglia, and increased cell adhesion molecules in the vasculature. Infusion of fluorescent beads 3 d before pFUS+MB revealed the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages at 6 d postsonication, as is consistent with an innate immune response. pFUS+MB is being considered as part of a noninvasive adjuvant treatment for malignancy or neurodegenerative diseases. These results demonstrate that pFUS+MB induces an SIR compatible with ischemia or mild traumatic brain injury. Further investigation will be required before this approach can be widely implemented in clinical trials.
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Kazlauskaite, Jurga Andreja, Liudas Ivanauskas, and Jurga Bernatoniene. "Novel Extraction Method Using Excipients to Enhance Yield of Genistein and Daidzein in Trifolium pratensis L." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060777.
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Isoflavones can be found in different chemical forms, but the health beneficial effects mainly appear in their free forms—aglycones. Their yield in red clover (Trifolium pratensis L.) extracts differs due to different extraction and hydrolysis methodologies. The main aim of this study was to obtain the highest yields of daidzein and genistein from red clover blossoms through the various extraction and hydrolysis methods and to increase their quantities using additional excipients. Extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted, heat-reflux and maceration methods combining them with acidic, alkaline, and thermal hydrolysis. Using ultrasound-assisted extraction with optimal conditions and heat-reflux method highest yields of isoflavones were obtained in UTE510 (393.23 ± 19.66 µg/g daidzein and 171.57 ± 8.58 µg/g genistein); UTE530 (415.07 ± 20.75 µg/g daidzein and 150.57 ± 7.53 µg/g genistein) and HNE5 (432.30 ± 21.61 µg/g daidzein and 154.50 ± 7.72 µg/g genistein) samples. These conditions were used with excipients: magnesium aluminometasilicate, croscarmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethyl starch and vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer. This is the first study reporting the ability of the vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer to promote solubilization and availability of active compounds from a herbal extract, resulting in enhanced isoflavones yield. The results of the present study showing increased solubility and availability provided by the vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer suggest that this preparation could in principle also reduce variability due to limited water solubility of isoflavones.
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Punzi, Rossana, Annalisa Paradiso, Cristina Fasciano, Antonio Trani, Michele Faccia, Maria Concetta de Pinto, and Giuseppe Gambacorta. "Phenols and Antioxidant Activity in Vitro and in Vivo of Aqueous Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction from Artichoke By-Products." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 9 (September 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900924.
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Artichoke by-products are rich in phenolic compounds although they represent a waste for the food industry. This paper examines the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for obtaining organic solvent-free extracts rich in nutraceuticals from artichoke scraps. Application of ultrasounds for 60 minutes on test samples, using water as a solvent, improved recovery of phenolic substances compared with untreated samples. Among the phenols detected by high performance liquid chromatography, 5- O-caffeoylquinic and 1,5-di- O-caffeoylquinic acids were identified. In vivo treatments of tobacco BY-2 cells with ultrasonic extracts consistently enhanced their antioxidant power, making the cells more resistant to heat stress. UAE applied to artichoke by-products, using water as a solvent, appears to be a powerful eco-friendly technique that can provide extracts rich in nutraceuticals and turn waste products into resources. The extracts could be advantageously utilized in the food industry to produce functional foods.
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Hurwitz, Mark, Gregory T. Martin, Daniel A. Sidney, Charles J. Welch, Jorgen L. Hansen, Bruce A. Bornstein, Irving D. Kaplan, and H. F. Bowman. "Response of blood flow to hyperthermia in human prostate tumors: Opportunities for enhanced radiation effect and drug delivery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.189.
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189 Background: Tissue perfusion may be a significant factor affecting outcome of prostate cancer treatment. Hyperthermia has been shown to have beneficial anti-cancer effects when combined with other anti-neoplastic modalities including radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. For instance, hyperthermia may increase prostate perfusion resulting in radiosensitization through increased oxygenation and chemotherapy through enhanced drug delivery. We previously reported significant benefit to the addition of hyperthermia to radiation on a phase II trial for men with locally advanced prostate cancer. To better understand tissue perfusion in patients with prostate cancer and response to hyperthermia, we measured perfusion levels in patients on this trial before and after hyperthermia. Methods: Prostate perfusion was measured before and immediately after heating in a total of 21 hyperthermia treatments in 14 patients with prostate cancer. A trans-rectal ultrasound device with a water cooled jacket was used to heat the prostate. Prostate tissue temperatures were measured using three multisensory thermocouple probes. Perfusion was measured with the TDP-200 Thermal Diffusion Probe, a thermistor-based device which quantifies perfusion with a modified wash-out technique. Results: In 19 treatments in which perfusion was measured before heating, average and standard deviation was 18.3 ± 10.6 ml/100g-min and in 17 treatments in which perfusion was measured after heating, it was 30.7 ± 20.8 ml/100g-min. This represents a statistically significant increase of 68% (p = 0.018). Perfusion increased 12 of 15 treatments in which measurements were obtained before and after hyperthermia. Notably, prostate tissue that was most ischemic prior to heating experienced the largest heat-induced perfusion increase. Conclusions: Prostate perfusion increased significantly with a majority of hyperthermia treatments. Enhanced prostate oxygenation may have been a contributing factor to the benefit noted with hyperthermia in this phase II trial. The use of hyperthermia to augment prostate perfusion to enhance radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy warrants further investigation.
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Kim, AeRang, Karun Sharma, Pavel Yarmolenko, Haydar Celik, Rosandra N. Kaplan, Jeffrey Dome, Lauren Musso, et al. "Phase 1 trial of lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin (LTLD) and magnetic resonance guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) for pediatric refractory solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): TPS10579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.tps10579.
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TPS10579 Background: Prognosis for children and young adults with refractory solid tumors remains unacceptably poor. Current approaches have reached the limits of maximal dose intensification, and the acute and late side effects of therapy are substantial. MR-HIFU is an innovative therapy that uses an external applicator to focus ultrasound energy inside a tumor non-invasively and without radiation. The resulting heating is precisely controlled and accurately targeted with the aid of MR thermometry and anatomic imaging. The flexibility and control over local heating by MR-HIFU provide an ideal system to be used with LTLD, a novel formulation of liposomal doxorubicin with the unique property of rapid heat-activated release of doxorubicin, an active agent in most pediatric solid tumors. The potential synergistic effects include enhanced permeability of the tumor vasculature, enhanced extravasation of the drug and subsequent high local concentrations of doxorubicin in the targeted tumor, inhibition of DNA repair, and stimulation of immune responses. Methods: This is the first pediatric trial of LTLD with MR-HIFU in refractory solid tumors (NCT02536183). Part A is a phase 1 dose escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of LTLD combined with MR-HIFU ablation in children. Part B combines LTLD at the MTD/RP2D with MR-HIFU induced mild hyperthermia (MHT) in an expanded cohort. Patients ≤21 (Part A) and ≤30 (Part B) years of age with refractory solid tumors at sites accessible to MR-HIFU, adequate organ function including cardiac function, and prior anthracycline dose of ≤ 450 mg/m2 are eligible. LTLD is administered intravenously over 30 min followed immediately by MR-HIFU on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Patients can receive a maximum of 6 cycles (or lifetime of 600 mg/m2 of cumulative anthracycline) provided treatment is tolerated and have at least stable disease. Secondary objectives evaluate changes in quality of life and pharmacodynamic immune markers in children treated with LTLD and MR-HIFU. Clinical trial information: NCT02536183.
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Vanagas, Tomas, Antanas Gulbinas, Juozas Pundzius, and Giedrius Barauskas. "Radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors (II): clinical application and outcomes." Medicina 46, no. 2 (February 10, 2010): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina46020012.
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Radiofrequency ablation is one of the alternatives in the management of liver tumors, especially in patients who are not candidates for surgery. The aim of this article is to review applicability of radiofrequency ablation achieving complete tumor destruction, utility of imaging techniques for patients follow-up, indications for local ablative procedures, procedureassociated morbidity and mortality, and long-term results in patients with different tumors. The success of local thermal ablation consists in creating adequate volumes of tissue destruction with adequate clear margin, depending on improved delivery of radiofrequency energy and modulated tissue biophysiology. Different volumes of coagulation necrosis are achieved applying different types of electrodes, pulsing energy sources, utilizing sophisticated ablation schemes. Some additional methods are used to increase the overall deposition of energy through alterations in tissue electrical conductivity, to improve heat retention within the tissue, and to modulate tolerance of tumor tissue to hyperthermia. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound or positron emission tomography are applied to control the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation. The long-term results of radiofrequency ablation are controversial.
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Luu, Minh Tri, Shelley Wickham, and Ali Abbas. "ID: 1044 DNA origami nanobot for sensitive drug delivery chemotherapy." Biomedical Research and Therapy 4, S (September 5, 2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4is.320.
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The cutting-edge technology of constructing nanoscale objects using DNA origami has opened new directions for drug delivery in cancer chemotherapy research [1, 2]. This project aims to develop a novel DNA origami nanobot for drug delivery, with high selectivity and specificity for chemotherapy. It is important to be able to control the rate of drug release to maintain the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents at the desirable set-point [3]. This control can be achieved through various activation methods, similar to those used in liposome drug delivery systems, e.g. magnetism, radiation, ultrasound, heating etc. [4]. These stimuli can deliver specific types of energy (e.g. thermal), which can then activate a pre-designed nanobot- topology variation. For example, thermal energy can cause local DNA strands to melt and partially distort some local regions of the DNA topology, releasing drug molecules. One mechanism to activate the drug release is via radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic wave induced heating of gold nanoparticles [6]. A prototype nanobot will be developed and tested for heat-triggered nanobot switching between open and closed configurations. It is hypothesized that upon RF heating, the gold nanoparticles will concentrate the heat and cause the local DNA strands to melt, leading to the open configuration, without melting the rest of the nanobot structure. Heating time and power will be tuned to regulate the drug release rate. This work will develop an effective process control strategy for enhanced performance of nanoscale drug delivery systems.
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Stan, Florin Gheorghe. "Non-Invasive Assessment of Sentinel Lymph Nodes That Drain the Tumoral Mammary Glands in Female Dog." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12251.
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Introduction: Mammary gland tumours occupy a significant place in the pathology of this species. Female dogs that are not spayed after their first heat cycle have a higher predisposition of developing mammary tumours. Most tumours metastasize at distance via the lymphatic system. In these conditions, the sentinel lymph nodes of the mammary glands must be assessed prior to surgical treatment. Aims: Considering the insufficient usage of non-invasive investigative methods of the sentinel lymph nodes, the aim of this study is to describe the sonographic anatomy of the lymph nodes that drain the mammary gland tumours in female dog. Materials and Methods: Twelve dog females presenting tumours of the cranial and caudal abdominal mammary glands (A1 and A2), inguinal mammary gland (I) and cranial thoracic mammary gland (T1) were examined (group I). In addition, a control group composed of eight dog females was used (group II). The axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes were evaluated using an algorithm composed of gray-scale ultrasound, Doppler technique, contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and real time elastography. Surgical excision of the sentinel lymph nodes was performed and samples for histopathological examination were taken. Results: The following ultrasonographic findings revealed on gray-scale examination were suspected for the metastatic infiltration: hypoechoic pattern, round shape, hillus absence and heterogenicity. Doppler technique showed an aberrant and mixed vascularisation of the lymph nodes, while the CEUS revealed incomplete enhancement of lymph nodes parenchyma. On real time elastography, the presence of blue areas in more than 50% from the lymph nodes parenchyma led us to conclude that the lymph node stiffness was caused by metastatic infiltration. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of the metastatic infiltration in 97% of the examined lymph nodes. Conclusion: The algorithm composed of gray-scale ultrasound, Doppler technique, CEUS and real time elastography proved to be efficient in diagnosing the metastatic infiltration of sentinel lymph nodes of mammary gland. Further studies are needed to validate the proposed algorithm.
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Ghalebi, Maryam, Samin Hamidi, and Mahboob Nemati. "High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Acrylamide after Its Extraction from Potato Chips." Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ps.2019.42.
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Background: Acrylamide is a known carcinogenic product that has been found among the substances such as potato chips which to be processed under the heat-treatment. In order to extract amounts of acrylamide from fried chips in market, an ultrasound-assisted liquid– liquid extraction (UA-LLE) technique is proposed. The UA-LLE coupled LLE and ultrasonication in a single step. Methods: Chips samples were dissolved in an extracting organic solvent using ultrasonication to prompt transferring of acrylamide into the organic phase. As a result, the extraction time and process efficiency were significantly enhanced through increasing the collision power and mass transfer between grounded chips and organic phase. Results: Important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as kind of organic solvent and its volume, re-dissolving solvent and pH were optimized. This newly proposed method has been applied to determine the trace acrylamide in potato chips samples purchased from local market. Conclusion: UA-LLE is a handy, economic and time-saving method, with high extraction yield (over 103% average recovery) and good precision (lower than 15% relative standard deviation, RSD). Most importantly, it seems this method to be an ideal pre-treatment method for the extraction of acrylamide in food matrix in food quality control laboratories.
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Kazlauskaite, Jurga Andreja, Liudas Ivanauskas, and Jurga Bernatoniene. "Cyclodextrin-Assisted Extraction Method as a Green Alternative to Increase the Isoflavone Yield from Trifolium pratensis L. Extract." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050620.
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Trifolium pratense L. is receiving increasing attention due to the isoflavones it contains, which have been studied for their benefits to human health. A common problem with isoflavone aglycones is a rather low water solubility and limited pharmaceutical applications. The use of excipients, such as cyclodextrins in the production of isoflavone rich extracts, could become one of the new strategies for the extraction of target compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate an eco-friendly method using the effects of α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins for isoflavone solubilization in plant extracts in comparison to a standard extract without excipients. Extractions of red clover were prepared using ultrasound-assisted combined with thermal hydrolysis and heat reflux. It was determined that cyclodextrins significantly increased the isoflavones aglycone yields. By increasing cyclodextrins in the extraction media from 1 to 5%, the daidzin concentration increased on average by 1.06 (α-cyclodextrins), 1.4 (β-cyclodextrins) and 1.25 (γ-cyclodextrins) times. Genistein concentration increased using α- and γ-cyclodextrins (1.28 and 1.12 times, α- and γ-cyclodextrins, respectively), but decreased using β-cyclodextrins. The results showed that the cyclodextrin-assisted extraction enhanced the yields of isoflavones from red clover, which suggests using cyclodextrins as a green alternative and a cost-effective method to increase its pharmaceutical application.
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Kataoka, Yufuko, Yoshi-ichiro Kamijo, Yu Ogawa, Eri Sumiyoshi, Mari Nakae, Shigeki Ikegawa, Kazumasa Manabe, et al. "Effects of hypervolemia by protein and glucose supplementation during aerobic training on thermal and arterial pressure regulations in hypertensive older men." Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00033.2016.
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In Japan, the incidence of heat illness in older people has rapidly increased during midsummer in the last decade, and we suggested that whey-protein+carbohydrate supplementation during aerobic training would increased plasma volume (PV) to enhance thermoregulatory adaptation in older men ( J Appl Physiol 107: 725-733, 2009); however, >60% of people age 65 and older suffer from hypertension, and the symptoms may be worsened by hypervolemia. To examine this, we randomly divided 21 older men (∼69 yr) with ∼160 mmHg for systolic and ∼90 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure at rest into two groups: Glc ( n = 11) consuming glucose alone (25 g) and Pro-Glc ( n = 10) consuming whey protein (10 g) + glucose (15 g), immediately after cycling exercise at 60–75% of peak aerobic capacity (V̇o2 peak) for 60 min/day, 3 days/wk, for 8 wk. Before and after training, we measured PV (dye dilution), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) of heart rate (Valsalva maneuver), and carotid arterial compliance (CAC) from carotid arterial diameter (ultrasound imaging) responses to pulsatile arterial pressure change (photoplethysmography) at rest. Additionally, we measured esophageal temperature (Tes) and forearm skin blood flow (plethysmography) during exercise at 60% pretraining V̇o2 peak for 20 min in a warm environment. We found that the forearm skin vascular conductance response to increased Tes was enhanced in Pro-Glc with increased PV, but this was not found in Glc; however, despite the increased PV, arterial blood pressures rather decreased with increased CAC and BRS in Pro-Glc. Thus, the prescription was applicable to older men with hypertension to prevent heat illness during exercise.
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Karmacharya, Mrigendra B., Laith R. Sultan, Stephen J. Hunt, and Chandra M. Sehgal. "Hydralazine augmented ultrasound hyperthermia for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (July 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94323-0.
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AbstractThis study investigates the use of hydralazine to enhance ultrasound hyperthermia for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by minimizing flow-mediated heat loss from the tumor. Murine HCC tumors were treated with a continuous mode ultrasound with or without an intravenous administration of hydralazine (5 mg/kg). Tumor blood flow and blood vessels were evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and histology, respectively. Hydralazine markedly enhanced ultrasound hyperthermia through the disruption of tumor blood flow in HCC. Ultrasound treatment with hydralazine significantly reduced peak enhancement (PE), perfusion index (PI), and area under the curve (AUC) of the CEUS time-intensity curves by 91.9 ± 0.9%, 95.7 ± 0.7%, and 96.6 ± 0.5%, compared to 71.4 ± 1.9%, 84.7 ± 1.1%, and 85.6 ± 0.7% respectively without hydralazine. Tumor temperature measurements showed that the cumulative thermal dose delivered by ultrasound treatment with hydralazine (170.8 ± 11.8 min) was significantly higher than that without hydralazine (137.7 ± 10.7 min). Histological assessment of the ultrasound-treated tumors showed that hydralazine injection formed larger hemorrhagic pools and increased tumor vessel dilation consistent with CEUS observations illustrating the augmentation of hyperthermic effects by hydralazine. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ultrasound hyperthermia can be enhanced significantly by hydralazine in murine HCC tumors by modulating tumor blood flow. Future studies demonstrating the safety of the combined use of ultrasound and hydralazine would enable the clinical translation of the proposed technique.
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Ahmad Reza Dibaji, Seyed, Marwan F. Al-Rjoub, Matthew R. Myers, and Rupak K. Banerjee. "Enhanced Heat Transfer and Thermal Dose Using Magnetic Nanoparticles During HIFU Thermal Ablation—An In-Vitro Study." Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4027340.
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Avoiding collateral damage to healthy tissues during the high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of malignant tumors is one of the major challenges for effective thermal therapy. Such collateral damage can originate out of the need for using higher acoustic powers to treat deep seated or highly vascularized tumors. The objective of this study is to assess the utility of using magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) during HIFU procedures to locally enhance heating at low powers, thereby reducing the likelihood of collateral thermal damage and undesired destruction due to cavitation. Tissue phantoms with 0% (control), 1% and 3% mNPs concentrations by volume were fabricated. Each tissue phantom was embedded with four thermocouples (TCs) and sonicated using transducer acoustic powers of 5.15 W, 9.17 W, and 14.26 W. The temperature profiles during the heating and cooling periods were recorded for each embedded TC. The measured transient temperature profiles were used for thermal-dose calculations. The increase in the concentration of mNPs in the tissue phantoms, from 0% to 3%, resulted in the rise in the peak temperatures for all the TCs for each acoustic power. The thermal dose also increased with the rise in the concentration of mNPs in the tissue phantoms. For the highest applied acoustic power (14.26 W), the peak temperature at TC 1 (T1) in tissue phantoms with 1% and 3% mNPs concentrations increased (with respect to tissue phantom with 0% (control) mNPs concentration) by 1.59× and 2.09×, respectively. For an acoustic power of 14.26 W, the time required to achieve cellular necrosis as defined by a 240 equivalent min thermal dose was approximately 75 s in the absence of mNPs, 14 s for the 1% concentration, and 8 s for the 3% concentration. Magnetic nanoparticles have the potential to significantly reduce the time for HIFU thermal-ablation procedures. They can also decrease the likelihood of collateral damage by the propagating beam in HIFU procedures by reducing the intensity required to achieve cellular necrosis.
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Mohapatra, Adityanarayan, Saji Uthaman, and In-Kyu Park. "External and Internal Stimuli-Responsive Metallic Nanotherapeutics for Enhanced Anticancer Therapy." Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 7 (January 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.597634.
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Therapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging approaches based on nanotechnology offer distinct advantages in cancer treatment. Various nanotherapeutics have been presented as potential alternatives to traditional anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention. Notably, the advantage of nanotherapeutics is mainly attributable to their accumulation and targeting ability toward cancer cells, multiple drug-carrying abilities, combined therapies, and imaging approaches. To date, numerous nanoparticle formulations have been developed for anticancer therapy and among them, metallic nanotherapeutics reportedly demonstrate promising cancer therapeutic and diagnostic efficiencies owing to their dense surface functionalization ability, uniform size distribution, and shape-dependent optical responses, easy and cost-effective synthesis procedure, and multiple anti-cancer effects. Metallic nanotherapeutics can remodel the tumor microenvironment by changing unfavorable therapeutic conditions into therapeutically accessible ones with the help of different stimuli, including light, heat, ultrasound, an alternative magnetic field, redox, and reactive oxygen species. The combination of metallic nanotherapeutics with both external and internal stimuli can be used to trigger the on-demand release of therapeutic molecules, augmenting the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer therapies such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of different metallic nanotherapeutics in anti-cancer therapy, as well as their combinational effects with multiple stimuli for enhanced anticancer therapy.
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Roth, Z., A. Arav, A. Bor, Y. Zeron, R. Braw-Tal, and D. Wolfenson. "Improvement of quality of oocytes collected in the autumn by enhanced removal of impaired follicles from previously heat-stressed cows." Reproduction, November 1, 2001, 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1220737.
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The fertility of dairy cows decreases during the summer and remains low during the cooler autumn although the animals are no longer under heat stress. The aim of this study was to characterize a delayed effect of summer heat stress on oocyte quality in the autumn and to improve oocyte quality by enhanced removal of follicles damaged during the previous summer. Lactating cows (n = 16) were subjected to heat stress during the summer. In autumn, ovarian follicles (3-7 mm in diameter) were aspirated by an ultrasound-guided procedure during four consecutive oestrous cycles. Follicles were aspirated from control cows on day 4 and from treated cows on days 4, 7, 11 and 15 of each oestrous cycle. All cows received PGF(2alpha) and GnRH injections on days 19 and 21, respectively, and maintained cyclicity, as indicated by plasma progesterone concentrations. On day 4 of each cycle, the oocytes recovered were examined morphologically, matured and activated in vitro, and cultured for 8 days. In cycle 1 (early October) both groups showed low percentages of grade 1 oocytes, cleavage, four- and eight-cell embryos, morulae and parthenogenetic blastocysts. Subsequently, the number of grade 1 oocytes increased earlier (cycle 2) in treated than in control cows (cycle 3; P < 0.05). The cleavage rate in the control group remained relatively low throughout (32-58%), whereas in the treated group it increased from 40% (cycle 1) to 75% (cycles 3 and 4; P < 0.05). The number at each stage of embryo development increased slightly but remained low throughout in the control group, whereas in the treated group significant (P < 0.05) increases of all stages were observed in cycles 3 and 4. The results show a delayed effect of summer heat stress on oocyte quality and embryo development in the autumn. Enhanced removal of the impaired cohort of follicles led to earlier emergence of healthy follicles and high quality oocytes in the autumn.
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Cha, Jae Min, Eun-Jung Choi, Sang-Jun Park, Sang-Ok Song, Sun Min Park, Kyu-Sil Choi, Eun-Sung Park, and Hyun Ryoung Kim. "Optimized Protocol for the Use of Thermo-sensitive Liposome in Tumor Therapeutics." MRS Proceedings 1625 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.10.
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ABSTRACTLiposomal drug delivery products have been already commercialized in tumor therapeutics, which can realize passive tumor targeting via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect resulting from the leaky tumor vasculature. To control drug release out of the liposomes, thermo-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) have been developed so that an abrupt exposure of highly concentrated drugs to tumor tissues was enabled by locally treated thermal stimuli. As interests upon TSL have increased along with ongoing clinical trials, some types of TSLs with different physical properties in pharmacokinetics and the mechanism of drug release have been formulated. However, there are few protocols established with a desirable heat source to maximize the efficacy of different TSLs as treating tumors. In this study, we examined different protocols for the most effective application of different TSLs to tumor therapy. First, we examined if enhancing the accumulation of TSLs within tumor tissues prior to bursting drugs out of TSLs could lead to increasing anti-tumor efficacy. Second, we compared the efficiency of two different heat sources on the use of TSL, a warm water bath (42°C) and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Our study suggests that the specified protocol be setup for TSLs with different physical properties to optimally function in tumor therapies.
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Bao, Haiwei, Ting Chen, Junyan Zhu, Haiyang Xie, and Fen Chen. "CEUS-Based Radiomics Can Show Changes in Protein Levels in Liver Metastases After Incomplete Thermal Ablation." Frontiers in Oncology 11 (August 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.694102.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-based radiomics combined with machine learning to detect early protein changes after incomplete thermal ablation.MethodsHCT-26 colorectal adenoma cells were engrafted into the livers of 80 mice, which were randomly divided into 4 groups for palliative laser ablation. Changes in heat shock protein (HSP) and apoptosis-related protein expression in the tumors were assessed. SCID mice subjected to CEUS and ultrasonography were divided into training (n=56) and test (n=24) datasets. Then, 102 features from seven feature groups were extracted. We use the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection method to fit the machine learning classifiers. The feature selection methods and four classifiers were combined to determine the best prediction model.ResultsThe areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the classifiers in the test dataset ranged from 0.450 to 0.932 (median: 0.721). The best score was obtained from the model in which the omics data of CEUS was analyzed in the arterial phase by random forest (RF) classification.ConclusionsA machine learning model, in which radiomics characteristics are extracted by multimodal ultrasonography, can accurately, rapidly and noninvasively identify protein changes after ablation.
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Zhang, Zhonglei, Yalin Ma, Shaowen Guo, Yi He, Gang Bai, and Wenjun Zhang. "Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation facilitates in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via up-regulation of heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway." Bioscience Reports 38, no. 3 (May 22, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bsr20180087.
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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has positive effects on osteogenic differentiation. However, the effect of LIPUS on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) is unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether LIPUS could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. hASCs were isolated and osteogenically induced with LIPUS stimulation at 20 and 30 mW cm−2 for 30 min day−1. Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of hASCs were respectively analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay, Alizarin Red S staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. The results indicated that LIPUS stimulation did not significantly affect the proliferation of hASCs, but significantly increased their alkaline phosphatase activity on day 6 of culture and markedly promoted the formation of mineralized nodules on day 21 of culture. The mRNA expression levels of runt-related transcription factor, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were significantly up-regulated by LIPUS stimulation. LIPUS stimulation did not affect the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 27, HSP40, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 and BMP-9, but significantly up-regulated the protein levels of HSP70, HSP90, BMP-2, and BMP-7 in the hASCs. Further studies found that LIPUS increased the mRNA levels of Smad 1 and Smad 5, elevated the phosphorylation of Smad 1/5, and suppressed the expression of BMP antagonist Noggin. These findings indicated that LIPUS stimulation enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hASCs possibly through the up-regulation of HSP70 and HSP90 expression and activation of BMP signaling pathway. Therefore, LIPUS might have the potential to promote the repair of bone defect.
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Acosta Ruiz, Vanessa, Pär Dahlman, Einar Brekkan, Maria Lönnemark, and Anders Magnusson. "Microwave ablation of 105 T1 renal tumors: technique efficacy with a mean follow-up of two years." Acta Radiologica, September 10, 2020, 028418512095628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185120956283.
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Background Thermal ablation (TA) with radiofrequency (RFA) or cryoablation (CA) are established treatments for small renal masses (≤4 cm). Microwave ablation (MWA) has several potential benefits (decreased ablation time, less susceptibility to heat-sink, higher lesion temperatures than RFA) but is still considered experimental considering the available small-sample studies with short follow-up. Purpose To evaluate technique efficacy and complications of our initial experience of renal tumors treated using percutaneous MWA with a curative intent. Material and Methods A total of 105 renal tumors (in 93 patients) were treated between April 2014 and August 2017. MWA was performed percutaneously with computed tomography (CT) guidance under conscious sedation (n=82) or full anesthesia. Patients were followed with contrast-enhanced CT scans at six months and yearly thereafter for a minimum of five years. The mean follow-up time was 2.1 years. The percentage of tumors completely ablated in a single session (primary efficacy rate) and those successfully treated after repeat ablation (secondary efficacy rate) were recorded. Patient and tumor characteristics as well as complications were collected retrospectively. Results The median patient age was 70 years and median tumor size was 25 mm. Primary efficacy rate was 96.2% (101/105 tumors). After including two residual tumors for a second ablation session, secondary efficacy was 97.1% (102/105). Periprocedural complications were found in 5.2% (5/95) sessions: four Clavien-Dindo I and one Clavien-Dindo IIIa. One postprocedural Clavien-Dindo II complication was found. Conclusion MWA has high efficacy rates and few complications compared to other TA methods at a mean follow-up of two years.